Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

governance-issues

2007-08-05T19:56:03Z

JoeAndrieu: Added section on Standards, IP, and Transparency

== Issue Summary 2007-02-28 ==
=== Editor ===
[http://www.opendarwin.org/~drernie/ Ernest Prabhakar]

=== Contributors ===
*[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* Joe Andrieu
* Phae
* Ryan Cannon
* Colin Barrett
* ... Please add yourself.

== Preamble ==
Over the last year, a few people (AndyMabbett, JoeAndrieu, ErnestPrabhakar, JamesCraig, [[User:ManuSporny|ManuSporny]]) have raised issues about how the Microformats wiki, mailing list, and community are governed. This page is here to discuss ideas for documenting, formalizing, and/or improving our collective governance.

== Abstract ==
Governance has [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/vs-sb/voluntarysector/glossary.html been defined] as "the traditions, institutions and processes that determine how power is exercised, how citizens are given a voice, and how decisions are made on issues of public concern." In the context of Microformats, it covers:
* Rules (both written and unwritten) expected of community members
* Formal process for change requests for known format problems (i.e. abbr-design-pattern) by voting, with leeway for admin vetoes.
* Who the various Admins are
* What powers Admins have
* Rules for how/when Admins can/should use those powers
* How to questioning/appealing a decision by an Admin
* How to become an Admin
* How to question/change any of these

While not all of these need to be explicitly spelled out, a healthy community our size requires a broad shared understanding of these facts -- as well as acceptance of them as "legitimate."

== Standards, IP, and Transparency ==
The administrators have repeatedly refused to make clear statements regarding licensing any personal IP other than a voluntary copyright release to public domain and have further refused to form a formal standards body with a clear IP release policy.

The result is a lack of transparency regarding existing IP issues and a complete lack of protection for contributors regarding future potential IP liabilities.

For a cogent discussion of these issues, please see
http://consortiuminfo.org/ipr/

The administrators have repeatedly removed this (and any "legal" topic) from discussion, both on the mailing list and on the wiki, thus refusing both to address this in public ''and'' to make any concrete statements of their own position. This is apparently believed to be "safer" in some way. The result for the community is a complete lack of accountability and a perception that the administrators are avoiding the real issues rather than facing them in a clear, unambiguous, and ethical manner.

== Who Are Admins ==
* 2007-01-04 raised by [[User:DrErnie|DrErnie]] on [[microformats-issues]], before this page existed, and moved from there
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008011.html], there exist various concerns about the lack of clarity regarding governance of the list, wiki, and the specifications themselves. While agree that there does need to be some form of strong leadership to preserve the integrity of the community, I agree with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008022.html Colin Barrett] when he said:''
:::"I think there should be bit more visible superstructure around just who is in this "cabal". It seems to me like the Editors/Authors of the various specs form the majority it of it, but perhaps that should be made a bit more apparent, and the "powers" of an editor (essentially, the ability to veto changes to the wiki, it seems) outlined a bit and some information about how to become an editor (AFIACT, make numerous, quality edits to the Wiki that the other editors approve of)."
:An entry has been added to the FAQ regarding [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Who controls microformats?].[[User:DrErnie|Dr. Ernie]] 08:48, 2 Feb 2007 (PST)

== Mailing List Unmoderation Discussion ==
Discussion from [[mailing-list-unmoderation]].

* I'm glad to see this issue getting traction. However, I'm curious why Ernie's standing in the community is relevant to the issue of unmoderating Andy. Tantek, could you explain why that has been presented as an integral part of this decision making process? Clearly, personal clout always shapes one's ability to influence the community; however, I doubt it should be officially incorporated in these "proceedings". Shouldn't every member of the community have an equal hearing under whatever governance procedures we use? [[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 09:38, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

:[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek also said]: "''Ernie, as someone who has made overwhelmingly positive contributions to the microformats community, IMHO the occasional OT post is reasonable'".
* I believe the statement was added to give context to the appealing member of the community. i.e. Ernie is a long standing, good contributor, as opposed to someone new who has no experience with this particular community or someone who has had little or no interaction with the community until now, and also negates it being a personal statement (rather he is interested in community as a whole, instead of being a friend of the Andy and having a personal goal, for example). Basically, he is a person with a certain amount of credibility and trustworthiness. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 10:25, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Agreed, Phae, Ernie is such a person and that is Tantek's point. But should one need to be a "friend of the court" to bring an action? That practice reinforces a culture of privilege that has historically proven antithetical to transparency and equality, both characteristics of good governance, IMO. It is great to see the powers-that-be responding to Ernie's request. It is also a bit frustrating that only those deemed meritorious by the peerage can call forth due process and that Andy's own efforts to speak on his behalf--referencing my previous request to do the same--were summarily dismissed by Tantek because they were "adversarial." Any robust governance should, IMO, work independent of privilege and be capable of addressing adversarial situations without arbitrary limits on the speech of those whose liberties are under challenge.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 14:18, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
** Point taken and appreciated, but this is the first incident to come to this kind of a situation where someone else has felt the need to step in, and just happened to also involve someone that is felt to be a member of good standing. I'd like to hope that if another member of the community had felt a similar way and had chosen to bring it up, that it would also have been dealt with in this open manner (and I'm sure this incident will be brought up in the future). Hopefully this incident will be a good test case to better structure future interactions with administration. I can't personally comment on Andy's own appeals. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 14:45, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
**Agreed. The first efforts to work through a process like this are bound to be less than ideal. However, I'd like to get on the record two main points that appear problematic.
# [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008490.html my previous request to do the same] was not, in fact, dealt with in this open manner. Rather it decayed into a defensive debate about governance generally, leaving poor Andy stuck in moderated censure. Perhaps I'm not the most diplomatic sort, but the issue on the table is not about me. It is about Andy's continuing moderation.
# The [[mailing-list-unmoderation|unmoderation wiki page]] for Andy is effectively a public hearing on Andy's standing and privileges in the community, especially with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek's request] that no replies be sent to the email list on the topic. I find it particularly disturbing that Andy's efforts to contribute to that hearing have been [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14419&oldid=14416 repeatedly] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14456&oldid=14454 dismissed] by Tantek (see the [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&action=history history] for a complete list). While It probably wasn't the best form for Andy to edit my comment directly, he should, IMO, have a way to voice his opinion on the matter. He's been threatened with a ban if he does so on the mailing list. Is there another venue that is more appropriate than the wiki page taking input and votes on his unmoderation?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 20:19, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Shouldn't this point be moot? According to the terms of the moderation, it will be lifted "if he successfully sends only topical / positive / improving email to the lists for one week." Once the week passed, this moderation ought to have been lifted automatically, and should not require a vote, right? --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]
** At least one message was rejected during that first week, thus moderation was left as is, with the attention of the admins etc. focused on other higher priority matters. Given the higher quality of messages *with* moderation (as compared to before), some have made the statement that moderation is "working" and thus should be kept. [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 08:58, 22 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* I dislike moderation because I find it causes me to be hesitant with my own contributions in some cases. Since I don't often know how long a message has been queued its hard for me to judge if my reply would be helpful, or if the moderated poster has already moved along with the rest of the discussion so I err on the side of moving onto something else. doesn't hurt me, but I feel sometimes it might not help with the overall discussions depth or conclusion. . Thus, I think the burden should be heavy to continue moderation for any length of time without a decision to unmoderate or outright ban. [[User:ChrisCasciano|ChrisCasciano]] 11:40, 23 Mar 2007 (ET)

== Examples ==
''Note: This is not to take a position on whether or not any of these decisions were appropriate or inappropriate. Rather, the existence of these events demonstrates the need to document why and how such decisions were -- or should be -- made and/or appealed.''

* Labelling microformats schema discussions as [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003551.html off-topic]
** Already covered by the [[microformats]] principles.
* Issue rejection [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008864.html governance]
* Negative, PoV and derogatory edit summary content such as "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=hcard-authoring&diff=13621&oldid=12276#Add_To_Address_Book_Links smelled of excessive political correctness worrying]" and "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=to-do&curid=1110&diff=13989&oldid=13988&rcid=23801 removed non-productive comment]".
** Removal of negative content from the wiki is not a negative. The Admins use their best judgment.
*[[rejected-formats#Pavatar|listing of items as "rejected"]] when [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008271.html requests for evidence of said rejection] reveal none.
** Not every email can be answered, nor should anyone expect them to be. In this case the rejection is in the mailing list archives.
* Despite an assurance that "all of the admins will be apropriately (sic) listed on the wiki page [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008526.html]", the [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F list given in FAQ] is prefaced with the qualifier "including".
** Reference for assurance? No such assurance should ever have been given.
* Removal of disputed edits / removal of negative content from the wiki
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=next&oldid=14416 mailing-list-unmoderation (16:12, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance&curid=3084&diff=0&oldid=14390&rcid=24255 governance (12:50, 19 Mar 2007)]
** [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance-issues&diff=14401&oldid=14396 governance-issues (14:55, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-lists&curid=1297&diff=14391&oldid=14389&rcid=24254 mailing-lists (12:42, 19 Mar 2007)]

== Proposal ==

# Create a publicly-visible ''microformats-admin'' mailing list, for easily identifying and contacting all admins
# Document a forum/mechanism/process where individuals concerned about admin actions can legitimately raise their concerns, to ensure substantive issues are addressed
# Maintain a [[governance]] page that captures and describes
## the identity of current Admins
## how to contact them
## the process for becoming an Admin
## the specific kinds of behavior warranting Admin intervention
## how/when suspended/moderated individuals can return to "good standing"
## how to appeal an Admin decision/action

== Petition ==

We acknowledge that the microformats list and wiki is not a democracy, and that one of the key goals of microformats is to have as little process and structure as possible. However, at the same time we believe that the "dictatorship" needs to not merely ''be'', but ''be seen as'' "benevolent." This includes some minimal level of transparency and due process to ensure that there are legitimate ways for ordinary members to speak out if they feel (rightly or wrongly) that a particular administrative action was unwise or unfair. Whether that is similar to the '''[[#Proposal]]''' above, or a counter-proposal by the ''admin'' team, we believe that something is necessary.
:''Please add your vote here''
*+1 Ernest Prabhakar
*+1 Joe Andrieu
*+1 James Craig
*+1 Steve Robillard
*+1 Chris Messina
*+1 [[User:ManuSporny|ManuSporny]] 08:59, 3 Aug 2007 (PDT)

== Resources ==

* [http://www.shirky.com/writings/group_enemy.html Clay Shirky] on a group as its own worst enemy
* [http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199600005 Cory Doctorow] on Internet Jerks

issues

2007-03-25T10:09:47Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Legal Entity Issues */ explained "Why California?"

<h1> Microformat Issues </h1>

These are externally raised issues about microformats in general (these issues MUST apply to more than one microformat, which MUST be explicitly listed, otherwise the issue should be raised on the format specific issues page) with broadly varying degrees of merit. Thus some issues are REJECTED for a number of obvious reasons (but still documented here in case they are re-raised), and others contain longer discussions. Some issues may be ACCEPTED and perhaps cause changes or improved explanations in the spec. Submitted issues may (and probably will) be edited and rewritten for better terseness, clarity, calmness, rationality, and as neutral a point of view as possible. Write your issues well. — [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek]

As this is a general microformats issues page, please only note ''concrete'' real world issues. Theoretical issues will be deleted, as will any issues raised that do not contain documentation of specific real-world examples that use real-world microformats (not just brainstorms).

__TOC__

== Issues ==

=== Format Specific Issues ===

Please raise format specific issues on the respective page:
* [[hcard-issues]]
* [[hcalendar-issues]]
* [[hreview-issues]]
* etc.

=== IP Issues ===
* 2006-12-08 raised by [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]].
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-December/007531.html], the current position on the IP rights relating to microformats is unclear, or at least not clearly expressed. It seems to me that there should be an unambiguous statement of the current position, either for each individual format, or collectively, on a page to which people with concerns may be directed.''
*#* ACCEPTED. A clearer statement of both copyright and patents both in specific specs and in general would be a good thing. In general, the end result that our current copyright/patent statements seek is Creative Commons, W3C, and IETF compatibility in terms of both copyrights, and royalty free patent policies. I [[to-do#Tantek|will work]] on this [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 11:58, 9 Dec 2006 (PST)
*#** {{OpenIssue}} This appears to be unresolved; and in the light of, for example, [[hCard#Copyright the hCard 'spec']], the statement in the FAQ that "[http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Microformats are open standards licensed under Creative Commons Attribution]" to be, at best, erroneous and misleading. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 11:04, 10 Mar 2007 (PST)
*#**Also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Attribution&curid=7391090&diff=117538680&oldid=117536621 causing concern here]. '''Prompt resolution would be advisable''' [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 09:04, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)
*#*** First, [[citation]] is not ready for use in Wikipedia anyway. Second, what is unclear about the Creative Commons/W3C/IETF license and patent statements? This appears to be a theoretical issue / nitpick. Yes, things can be made clearer, but "erroneous" and "misleading" are inaccurate labels.
*#*** This is not a citation issue. For example, [[hcard#Copyright|hCard's current copyright statement]] is not compatible with the Creative Commons license:<br><blockquote>{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}</blockquote><br>If you look at the wikicode, this is actually the "MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004" default microformat copyright.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 15:09, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

* Further to the above (but out-dented for clarity), [[hresume|hResume]] cedes copyright to "the authors": "This specification is (C) 2006 by the authors"; and names just one author; Ryan King. What legal standing does the "the authors (sic) intend to submit..." clause have? What exists, to reassure someone (or some mega corporation's lawyers) contemplating or already using hResume that they won't be invoiced by Mr King? Why aren't the other people who contributed to that spec jointly credited with its copyright? [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 17:34, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

*Also, there appears to be nothing on [[buttons]] to say that they're freely licensed, or public-domain. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 03:01, 25 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== Legal Entity Issues ===
2007-03-24 raised by [[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]], clarified by [[User:Rohit|Rohit Khare]] on 2007-03-27.
# What is the legal entity responsible for operating microformats.org?
#* [[User:Rohit|Rohit Khare]] originally registered the microformats.com and .org domain names on 2005-01-25 and [http://commerce.net|CommerceNet, LLC], a non-profit 'think tank' with a long history as a neutral sponsor for developing standards for Internet commerce (often, in conjunction with other formal standards bodies). CommerceNet currently underwrites the server hosting costs and, in the past, has co-ordinated donations with other sponsors for events such as the [http://microformats.org/blog/2006/06/16/microformatsorg-anniversary-party/|first anniversary party], the [http://wiki.commerce.net/wiki/ZCommerceWS#Microformats workshop] where the site was launched, and promotional items.
# What is the legal entity responsible for the intellectual property on microformats.org?
#* The current [[Template:MicroFormatCopyrightStatement|microformats copyright statement]] recognizes that IP is originally vested in the author(s), who are then expected to share those rights with the community by permitting their redistribution on microformats.org's wiki, blog, and mailing list archives. The additional distinction of becoming a specification may come with additional obligations to redistribute IP, such as a formal Creative Commons copyright license and a royalty-free patent license.
#* Note that CommerceNet, LLC does ''not'' exercise any editorial control over the content of the site, mailing list, specifications, or the process, nor does it accept funds on behalf of microformats.org (see the [[Microformats:General_disclaimer|disclaimer]]). Conversely, the [[faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F|Admins]] do not have any independent legal identity at present, such as a partnership, foundation, or corporation. Please refer any legal questions or concerns directly to [mailto:rohit@commerce.net CommerceNet] before raising them as a matter of public record, as discussed on the mailing list [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-November/007086.html].
# {{OpenIssue}} Neither of these address the initial open issue, namely, "What legal entity owns and controls microformats?"
#* One option is CommerceNet. Namely that microformats remains an activity operating, for legal purposes, under the perview of CommerceNet's non-profit corporation.
#**Unfortunately, I can find no record of CommerceNet's status in either the [http://kepler.ss.ca.gov/list.html California Corporate Search], the [http://kepler.ss.ca.gov/list.html California LLC Search], nor the [http://apps.irs.gov/portal/site/pub78/template.MAXIMIZE/menuitem.72f1796ad102792acd9e6be24937a759/?javax.portlet.tpst=289c57ca6035546c47564fe84937a759_ws_MX&javax.portlet.begCacheTok=token&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=token Federal IRS non-profit search]. So, I am a bit curious who CommerceNet is these days. I do know they did a lot of good work in the 1990's, but was surprised to find no results when researching this topic.
#* Another option is that microformats is an unincorporated association, pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 18035:<blockquote>''18035. (a) "Unincorporated association" means an unincorporated group of two or more persons joined by mutual consent for a common lawful purpose, whether organized for profit or not.''</blockquote>.
#* It could also be a general partnership, persuant to the UNIFORM PARTNERSHIP ACT OF 1994 of the California Corporations Code; however, that specifically requires the intent of the association to be "for profit." As such, unless the Admins have that intention, I doubt microformats falls under that distinction:<blockquote>''16202. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), the association of two or more persons to carry on as coowners a business for profit forms a partnership, whether or not the persons intend to form a partnership.''</blockquote>--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 22:52, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)
#* Btw, before someone asks "Why California?" I looked up relevant California regs because CommerceNet was/is based in Calfornia and at the time I wrote this, the DNS lookup for both microformats.org and the hosting company John Companies, were in California. Rohit has since updated the DNS record and other jurisdictions could definitely apply. As I said previously, I am not a lawyer; I just figured the CA laws are probably a useful reference point to help clarify the issue.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 03:09, 25 Mar 2007 (PDT)
#*[http://whois.uberdose.com/microformats.org Whois microformats.org]?

::Registrant Name:ROHIT KHARE
::Registrant Organization:on behalf of microformats.org
::Registrant State/Province:NY

:(A matter of public record). [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 01:29, 25 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== Governance Issues ===
:See: [[governance-issues]]

===Miscellaneous issues===
* {{OpenIssue}} 2006-10-17 raised by [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] on [[wiki-feedback]]; moved here 2007-03-10.
*# What is currently described as a "specification" on [[hCard]] and [[hCalendar]] is no such thing.
*# Andy, what would it take to turn it into a "specification"?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 15:13, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== New Issues ===

* ...

== Template ==

Please use this format (copy and paste this to the end of the list to add your issues):
* {{OpenIssue}} YYYY-MM-DD raised by [http://yourhomepage.example.com YOURNAME].
*# ''Issue 1: Here is the first issue I have.''
*# ''Issue 2: Here is the second issue I have.''

==See also==
*[[accessibility]]
*[[criticism]]
*[[wiki-feedback]]
*The [[faq|microformats FAQ]], which answers many general criticisms/ issues that have been raised with microformats.

issues

2007-03-25T05:52:07Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Legal Entity Issues */

<h1> Microformat Issues </h1>

These are externally raised issues about microformats in general (these issues MUST apply to more than one microformat, which MUST be explicitly listed, otherwise the issue should be raised on the format specific issues page) with broadly varying degrees of merit. Thus some issues are REJECTED for a number of obvious reasons (but still documented here in case they are re-raised), and others contain longer discussions. Some issues may be ACCEPTED and perhaps cause changes or improved explanations in the spec. Submitted issues may (and probably will) be edited and rewritten for better terseness, clarity, calmness, rationality, and as neutral a point of view as possible. Write your issues well. — [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek]

As this is a general microformats issues page, please only note ''concrete'' real world issues. Theoretical issues will be deleted, as will any issues raised that do not contain documentation of specific real-world examples that use real-world microformats (not just brainstorms).

__TOC__

== Issues ==

=== Format Specific Issues ===

Please raise format specific issues on the respective page:
* [[hcard-issues]]
* [[hcalendar-issues]]
* [[hreview-issues]]
* etc.

=== IP Issues ===
* 2006-12-08 raised by [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]].
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-December/007531.html], the current position on the IP rights relating to microformats is unclear, or at least not clearly expressed. It seems to me that there should be an unambiguous statement of the current position, either for each individual format, or collectively, on a page to which people with concerns may be directed.''
*#* ACCEPTED. A clearer statement of both copyright and patents both in specific specs and in general would be a good thing. In general, the end result that our current copyright/patent statements seek is Creative Commons, W3C, and IETF compatibility in terms of both copyrights, and royalty free patent policies. I [[to-do#Tantek|will work]] on this [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 11:58, 9 Dec 2006 (PST)
*#** {{OpenIssue}} This appears to be unresolved; and in the light of, for example, [[hCard#Copyright the hCard 'spec']], the statement in the FAQ that "[http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Microformats are open standards licensed under Creative Commons Attribution]" to be, at best, erroneous and misleading. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 11:04, 10 Mar 2007 (PST)
*#**Also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Attribution&curid=7391090&diff=117538680&oldid=117536621 causing concern here]. '''Prompt resolution would be advisable''' [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 09:04, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)
*#*** First, [[citation]] is not ready for use in Wikipedia anyway. Second, what is unclear about the Creative Commons/W3C/IETF license and patent statements? This appears to be a theoretical issue / nitpick. Yes, things can be made clearer, but "erroneous" and "misleading" are inaccurate labels.
*#*** This is not a citation issue. For example, [[hcard#Copyright|hCard's current copyright statement]] is not compatible with the Creative Commons license:<br><blockquote>{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}</blockquote><br>If you look at the wikicode, this is actually the "MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004" default microformat copyright.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 15:09, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

* Further to the above (but out-dented for clarity), [[hresume|hResume]] cedes copyright to "the authors": "This specification is (C) 2006 by the authors"; and names just one author; Ryan King. What legal standing does the "the authors (sic) intend to submit..." clause have? What exists, to reassure someone (or some mega corporation's lawyers) contemplating or already using hResume that they won't be invoiced by Mr King? Why aren't the other people who contributed to that spec jointly credited with its copyright? [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 17:34, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== Legal Entity Issues ===
2007-03-24 raised by [[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]], clarified by [[User:Rohit|Rohit Khare]] on 2007-03-27.
# What is the legal entity responsible for operating microformats.org?
#* [[User:Rohit|Rohit Khare]] originally registered the microformats.com and .org domain names on 2005-01-25 and [http://commerce.net|CommerceNet, LLC], a non-profit 'think tank' with a long history as a neutral sponsor for developing standards for Internet commerce (often, in conjunction with other formal standards bodies). CommerceNet currently underwrites the server hosting costs and, in the past, has co-ordinated donations with other sponsors for events such as the [http://microformats.org/blog/2006/06/16/microformatsorg-anniversary-party/|first anniversary party], the [http://wiki.commerce.net/wiki/ZCommerceWS#Microformats workshop] where the site was launched, and promotional items.
# What is the legal entity responsible for the intellectual property on microformats.org?
#* The current [[Template:MicroFormatCopyrightStatement|microformats copyright statement]] recognizes that IP is originally vested in the author(s), who are then expected to share those rights with the community by permitting their redistribution on microformats.org's wiki, blog, and mailing list archives. The additional distinction of becoming a specification may come with additional obligations to redistribute IP, such as a formal Creative Commons copyright license and a royalty-free patent license.
#* Note that CommerceNet, LLC does ''not'' exercise any editorial control over the content of the site, mailing list, specifications, or the process, nor does it accept funds on behalf of microformats.org (see the [[Microformats:General_disclaimer|disclaimer]]). Conversely, the [[faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F|Admins]] do not have any independent legal identity at present, such as a partnership, foundation, or corporation. Please refer any legal questions or concerns directly to [mailto:rohit@commerce.net CommerceNet] before raising them as a matter of public record, as discussed on the mailing list [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-November/007086.html].
# {{OpenIssue}}Neither of these address the initial open issue, namely, "What legal entity owns and controls microformats?"
#* One option is CommerceNet. Namely that microformats remains an activity operating, for legal purposes, under the perview of CommerceNet's non-profit corporation.
#**Unfortunately, I can find no record of CommerceNet's status in either the [http://kepler.ss.ca.gov/list.html California Corporate Search], the [http://kepler.ss.ca.gov/list.html California LLC Search], nor the [http://apps.irs.gov/portal/site/pub78/template.MAXIMIZE/menuitem.72f1796ad102792acd9e6be24937a759/?javax.portlet.tpst=289c57ca6035546c47564fe84937a759_ws_MX&javax.portlet.begCacheTok=token&javax.portlet.endCacheTok=token Federal IRS non-profit search]. So, I am a bit curious who CommerceNet is these days. I do know they did a lot of good work in the 1990's, but was surprised to find no results when researching this topic.
#* Another option is that microformats is an unincorporated association, pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 18035:<blockquote>''18035. (a) "Unincorporated association" means an unincorporated group of two or more persons joined by mutual consent for a common lawful purpose, whether organized for profit or not.''</blockquote>.
#* It could also be a general partnership, persuant to the UNIFORM PARTNERSHIP ACT OF 1994 of the California Corporations Code; however, that specifically requires the intent of the association to be "for profit." As such, unless the Admins have that intention, I doubt microformats falls under that distinction:<blockquote>''16202. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), the association of two or more persons to carry on as coowners a business for profit forms a partnership, whether or not the persons intend to form a partnership.''</blockquote>--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 22:52, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== Governance Issues ===
:See: [[governance-issues]]

===Miscellaneous issues===
* {{OpenIssue}} 2006-10-17 raised by [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] on [[wiki-feedback]]; moved here 2007-03-10.
*# What is currently described as a "specification" on [[hCard]] and [[hCalendar]] is no such thing.
*# Andy, what would it take to turn it into a "specification"?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 15:13, 24 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== New Issues ===

* ...

== Template ==

Please use this format (copy and paste this to the end of the list to add your issues):
* {{OpenIssue}} YYYY-MM-DD raised by [http://yourhomepage.example.com YOURNAME].
*# ''Issue 1: Here is the first issue I have.''
*# ''Issue 2: Here is the second issue I have.''

==See also==
*[[accessibility]]
*[[criticism]]
*[[wiki-feedback]]
*The [[faq|microformats FAQ]], which answers many general criticisms/ issues that have been raised with microformats.

faq

2007-03-24T23:06:57Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Q: ''Who controls microformats?'' */ removed personal commentary.

<h1> Microformats FAQ </h1>

This page document frequently asked questions about microformats. For frequently asked questions from the [[press]], see [[press-faq]].

If you're looking for a microformat for marking up FAQs, see [[question-answer]].

__TOC__

== Wiki specific questions ==
===Q: ''How do I create a username? Why won't it let me use my preferred username?''===

A: First, read this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Username . Second, real names are preferred to pseudonyms/handles etc. Real names encourage better transparency and accountability. Third, the most common problem creating a user name is forgetting to capitalize the first letter of the user name. Try using a WikiCase version of your full name as username, e.g. RyanKing.

== Email list ==
===Q: ''I've joined the discussion mailing list but am not seeing my replies anywhere. Why?''===

A: There is no moderation on microformats-discuss, but it only accepts posts from subscribers. You MUST post to microformats-discuss using the email address you used to subscribe.

===Q: ''What does "The message's content type was not explicitly allowed" mean?'' ===

A: Please go read [http://microformats.org/mailinglists-policies/ mailinglists-policies]. In particular note:
<blockquote>
'''No HTML or RTF e-mail''' period, end of story, full stop. Your mail client should let you configure it so you can send plain text messages. Make use of this ability or else there are no guarantees that anyone will be able to read your email.
</blockquote>
The mailing lists are set up to automatically reject email that is sent as text/html. Thus please configure your email client to send plain text (text/plain) email.

== Basic Microformat Questions ==
===Q: What does ''xxx'' mean?"===

A: See our [[glossary]].

===Q: ''When should I use a microformat? What are they for?"===

A: You are writing some HTML that contains useful human-readable information (such as a piece of contact information). You say to yourself: I would like to mark this up with some classes now for styling. You look up the relevant microformat, and you
pull in the standard names. You don't have to make your own up, and now your page is machine-readable too. Bonus!

Microformats are designed to make the data you already publish for humans available to machines. It allows applications as simple as cut-and-paste or as complex as a seach engine to use your data effectively.

===Q: ''Are microformats dependent upon (X)HTML?''===

A: Microformats are made to be embeddable. They can be embedded in (X)HTML, RSS, Atom or anywhere (X)HTML is allowed.

===Q: ''Microformats sound great. How can I help?''===

A: Take a look at http://microformats.org/discuss to see some ways to join the conversations about microformats, and the [[to-do]] list for things to help out with.

===Q: ''I'd like to make a donation to the microformat cause. How can I do this?''===

A: Thank you for your willingness to support microformats. We've only recently started this site and have decided that while we are figuring out exactly how to accept donations, we will be passing along donations to other good causes. Please consider donating to another cause like Red Cross, perhaps directed to help victims of recent natural disasters.

===Q: ''Which microformats have been implemented?'' ===

A: See the [[implementations]] page.

===Q: ''Which microformats should I implement?''===

A: Chances are you that your website already has data very similar to several microformats. For example, you probably have people and/or their contact information somewhere. That information could be marked up with [[hcard|hCard]], see the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring]] page for step by step instructions. If you are publishing press releases, try using [[hatom|hAtom]].

===Q: ''Do you have any link badges I can add to my website/blog?''===

A: There are some [[buttons]] but we can certainly use more! Please contribute what you come up with!

===Q. ''Are there any tools that support microformats?''===

A. Yes...tons... [[implementations]].

===Q. Is there a way to indicate that a given web page contains markup that conforms to one or more microformats? ===

A. The HTML HEAD element's '<code>profile</code>' attribute alerts applications to the potential presence of microformats. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/global.html#h-7.4.4.3 W3C HTML Specification] describes more about the profile attribute, and the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/description XMDP description] documents how it is used.

===Q. ''What about using new URI schemes instead of class names, e.g. for geo information?''===

A. In general, it is more work, and less content-publisher friendly, to ask publishers to use URI schemes instead of class names.

Authors aren't publishing links to geo information.

They're publishing *visible text* of [[geo]] information.

So the easiest thing to do, for the author, is to leave it as visible text.

Thus, it makes the most sense to do the simple thing of just wrapping that
visible text with a little bit of markup, rather than asking the author to
move (or copy) it into an attribute, which may or may not require a
reformatting of the data as well.

It would make sense from a usability persepective to hyperlink geo information to a maps page or something, so that clicking it actually does something. If you forced them to use a hypothetical "geo:" protocol instead, then that would interfere, since you can only hyperlink something to one destination.

===Q: ''Who controls microformats?''===

A: An open community. Microformats are open standards licensed under Creative Commons Attribution. Much of the work here was begun on [http://developers.technorati.com/wiki Technorati's Developer Wiki], but Technorati has since divested control of these microformat standards to the open community here. The microformats.org domain is registered to Rohit Khare, CommerceNet is graciously hosting the servers, but claims no control over microformat standards. Anyone may follow the established [[process]] and contribute towards the development of microformat standards.

Governance of the microformats IRC channel, wiki, and mailing lists is handle by a group of volunteer administrators, including:

* Tantek Çelik
* Ryan King
* Brian Suda
* Benjamin West
* Scott Reynen
* Frances Berriman
* Drew McLellan
* Kevin Marks

===Q: ''Who is the registrar for microformats?''===

A: There is no central registry. Microformats are registered in a distributed manner using profiles. For more information on profiles see http://microformats.org/wiki/profile-uris and http://gmpg.org/xmdp/

Conflicts and interoperability are managed through social processes rather than a formal registry. Current microformat profiles can be found at http://gmpg.org, http://w3.org, and http://microformats.org.

===Q: ''So multiple microformats with the same name can be valid?''===

A: Yes. The community at microformats.org can hopefully play a role in determining which is preferred by bringing interested folks together in one place and helping them resolve that question. As long as each microformat maintains a valid profile, each can be used effectively.

===Q: ''How do I validate my microformated content?''===

A: Currently there is no automatic general-purpose validator for microformats (See [[to-do#for_all_microformats|To Do - for all microformats]]). There are however some microformat-specific tools listed on the [[implementations]] page which can help with validation. [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/4106/ Operator] does a good job of compliant parsing for microformats in general. For [[hcard|hCard]], try the [http://feeds.technorati.com/contacts/ Technorati Contacts Feed service]. For [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], try the [http://feeds.technorati.com/events/ Technorati Events Feed service]. Also, posting your examples to the [http://microformats.org/discuss microformats-discuss mailing list], and adding them to the respective examples/implementations sections/pages will very often get folks from the community to review and validate them for you.

===Q: ''How do microformats breach language barriers?===
'''Would we have to "force" non-English speaking web page developers to use something like class="name" (as opposed to "namen" or "nom") for their productions to be properly indexed by agents?'''

A: Yes, but that's no different to using English words like "class", "span" or "head". This was briefly discussed on the microformats-discuss list most recently as "Language Maps" but has been raised before that. Some folks have raised the issue that microformats use English names for properties, and they would like alternate (non-English) names in other (natural) languages, and perhaps try to establish a mapping between them. As microformats property names are based on existing standards (see [[process]], and [[naming-principles]]), this is another problem that is far outside the scope of microformats. As Ryan King put it, this is a pre-existing (unsolved) "problem" with English-based HTML, the English-based CSS, the English-based HTTP and so on. Note that this is NOT about the internationalization of the content and data itself - which is of course an excellent goal, advocated and promoted by microformats and the standards they are based on (e.g. W3C, IETF). This is purely about the names of the properties (and enumerated values) in the formats. See also [[internationalization]].

===Q: ''How come microformats sometimes to linger as Drafts even though they seem usable?'' ===

A: [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Tantek] went over this at the recent [http://2007.sxsw.com/interactive/programming/panels/?action=show&id=IAP060234 The Growth and Evolution of Microformats] panel at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_by_Southwest SXSW]. He conveyed that it was important to have a basic software implementation -- even an experimental one -- before moving a format from Draft to Specification. It can sometimes be hard to recognize subtle inconsistencies within a format by eye; however, in the process of implementing a format-reader in code, inconsistencies (if any) can become much more noticeable (due to [[dry | DRY / Don't Repeat Yourself]], among other programming best practices). Then, once such a tool has been created (in effect, confirming the programmability of the format), it can be transitioned to a Specification (so as to encourage other machine-based implementations).

== Creating and Suggesting New Microformats ==

===Q. ''I would like to author a new microformats open standards specification for my site/business. How do I get started?''===

A. The first thing to do before attempting a new microformat open standard is to make as much use of existing [[microformats]] open standards as possible in whatever site you are looking to mark up with your new microformat, as a way of learning what is left to be done. That is, at a minimum first:
* Mark up all people and organizations as [[hcard|hCards]].
* Mark up all events and time based things as [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] events.
* Mark up all reviews as [[hreview|hReviews]].
* etc.
Then join the microformats [http://microformats.org/discuss discuss list], and ask folks what they think of your use of the microformats and if it can be improved.

From that experience you will then be able to figure out what is left to be specified. Otherwise it is too hard to approach the "whole problem".

Once you have completed that, take a look at the microformats [[process]] for how to walk through the steps of creating a new microformat, and note the specific problem you are trying to solve to the microformats-discuss list. This will help you find more people to help you solve the problems you are trying to solve.

===''Q How do I know if an idea for a Microformat has already been suggested in the past?''===

A. Check the list of proposed and rejected microformats.
* [[rejected-formats]]

== Specific Microformat Questions ==
If you have a question regarding a specific microformat, you may want to check the FAQ specific to that microformat.
* [[hatom-faq]]
* [[hcalendar-faq]]
* [[hcard-faq]]
* [[hreview-faq]]
* [[rel-faq]]
* [[rel-tag-faq]]
* [http://gmpg.org/xfn/faq xfn-faq]
* [[xfolk-faq]]
* [[xmdp-faq]]
* [[xoxo-faq]]

== Class interactions ==

===Q. ''Are there issues with page styling when specific class values are used?''===

A. There might be. However, any such issues can be easily (trivially) worked around by using contextual selectors.

===Q. ''How does the use of class values for semantics interact with the use of class values for attaching CSS styles?''===

A. The class attribute takes a space separated set of class names [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 HTML4 reference]. Thus both author and microformat defined class names may be used in the same class attribute. In addition, microformat class names provide the author with a consistent set of class names to use for styling. If the author is already using using specific class names, they can continue to do so, and include microformat class names. If the author is already using a class name that happens to also be a microformat class name, then the author may want to consider using contextual CSS class selectors to make sure that avoid any unintentional styling effects.

See also:
* [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216 A Touch Of Class]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/07.html#classmeaningnotshow Class For Meaning Not For Show]
* [http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2004/07/18/competent-classing Competant Classing], by Eric Meyer for discussion of choosing class names in (X)HTML
* [http://www.microformats.org/blog/2005/10/19/more-than-styling/ Class attributes are about more than styling] - Ryan King dispells common misconceptions about the ''HTML'' class attribute.

== <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> semantics ==

===''Q. Is it semantically meaningless to use divs?'' ===

A. Yes, both <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> have nearly no semantics. <code><div></code> can be used to represent a "division" of the page content. Similarly <code><span></code> can be used to reperesent that that "span" of text has some meaning, but the specifics of what that meaning is undefined by the <code><span></code>.

===''Q. Does the use of <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> elements add any semantics to web pages?''===

A. According to the [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.4 HTML 4 spec], <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> "offer a generic mechanism for adding structure to documents." Their only meaning is in dividing documents into sections, and as such, their presence implies that the content within has a specific, but undefined by the element markup, semantic. Thus they are nearly semantic-free.

===''Q. Why do the examples on the wiki use <code class="element"><span></code> and <code class="element"><div></code> for nearly everything?''===

A. <code class="element"><span></code> and <code class="element"><div></code> are generic elements in HTML. When you use microformats, you should pick the most specific semantic element available for the semantics you are trying to express. You might, for example, apply <code>class="vevent"</code> to a <code><nowiki><tr></nowiki></code>, or <code>class="vcard"</code> to a <code><nowiki><p></nowiki></code>.

== Class semantics ==

===Q. ''How will microformat class names impact page size?''===

A. You probably won't notice any impact on page size when authoring with microformats. Our experience is that people use comparably sized class names, and [[semantic-class-names|semantic class names]] are now considered an industry best practice. Some sites are successfully publishing millions of microformats, and we haven't heard any complaints yet. You are more likely to gain space savings by more fully adopting [[microformats#the_microformats_principles|the principles of microformats]], and eliminating tables for layout.
<span class="todo">''TODO: Consider creating a new section for web authoring tips? Or at least linking to another site that advocates good authorship.''</span>

===Q. ''Can an element have more than one class''===

A. Yes, the class attribute can contain a space delimited list of classes. For example:
<p class="todo idea">Write high quality and simple mark-up.</p>

See W3C HTML 4.01 Specification: [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class 7.5.2 Element identifiers: the id and class attributes]

===Q. ''Do (X)HTML class names have semantics?''===

A. The HTML4 specification does not define any particular class values [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF], nor does it define any particular semantic for class values [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF], except that they "may be used for general user agent processing" [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF]. However, the [http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328#profile" draft of "Hypertext Links in HTML"], allows for a "profile" to define meanings for those classes. [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP] is a format for defining meta data profiles for (X)HTML, and thus an XMDP profile can be used to define the meanings of class names.

See also:
* [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216 A Touch Of Class]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328 Hypertext Links in HTML]

===Q. ''I thought one of the main goals of CSS was to separate data from presentation. Isn’t this sneaking presentation back into data?''===

A. This is a quite commonly expressed objection to the way microformats uses class, but it's based on a misunderstanding of the way the class attribute in HTML was designed. Yes, class is very commonly,and appropriately used by web designers in conjunction with CSS to style pages, and in truth, it is often overused for that, but despite this, class, according to the HTML specification "has several roles in HTML", including [http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 "for general purpose processing by user agents"].

Microformats utilize this second aspect of the class (and id) attribute, and do so legitimately. It is not an abuse of the class or id attribute to use it to add semantic context to a document. Nor is the use of class in and of itself presentational - in fact, it is an important mechanism for separating presentation from structured content.

For some more on using class semantically, here are some articles

* [http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2004/07/18/competent-classing Competent Classing by Eric Meyer]
* [http://www.w3.org/QA/Tips/goodclassnames Use class with semantics in mind, W3C]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/07.html#d20t2359 More about the class attribute, Tantek Çelik]

== Microformats and Spam ==
===''Q. Given that Google now looks at hidden content as potential spam, will invisible microformats be considered spam?''===

A. It is advisable not to hide information in your site, regardless of whether it is microformated or not. Microformats provide a mechanism for marking up ''visible'' content. Any mechanism for embedding ''invisible'' or hidden content risks being considered spam due to the fact that invisible (meta)data inevitably ends up being abused. Avoid invisible (meta)data. Publish visible data.

== Design Patterns with Abbr & Title ==
===''Q. Why is ABBR being used when the title attribute is available on all HTML elements?''===

In the datetime design pattern the title attribute is used for the value of the property and the node value is used as the display value. <abbr title="value-here">Display-Here</abbr>.

A. The short answer is that <abbr> has the correct semantics.

The longer answer is that the value is often an abbreviated version of the formal value. Of course, if you don't want to use an <abbr>, you can use another element like this:

<abbr title="2006-12-31T12:59:59Z" class="dtstamp">New Year</abbr>

<span class="dtstamp">2006-12-31T12:59:59Z</span>

In addition, microformats encourage the content to be visible and thus prefer the text of an element rather than using the 'title' attribute or any other less visible alternative. The exception is made for datetimes and abbr due to the fact that microformats are for humans first, machines second. Thus the content of the abbr element is used to provide human visible content and the machine equivalent is placed in the less visible (but still easily verifiable) 'title' attribute.

== Nesting of elements ==
===''Q. It seems that <code><span class="vcard fn org" id="club">...</span></code> should work. Is this correct?''===

A. No. See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-faq#nesting-properties]

issues

2007-03-24T23:05:12Z

JoeAndrieu: Added legal entity issue

issues

2007-03-24T22:13:22Z

JoeAndrieu:

issues

2007-03-24T22:11:22Z

JoeAndrieu:

issues

2007-03-24T22:09:22Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Issues */

governance

2007-03-24T22:08:00Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Admins */ removed personal commentary.

== Admins ==

From [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F the FAQ]

Governance of the microformats IRC channel, wiki, and mailing lists is handled by a group of invited volunteer administrators, including:
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]
* [http://theryanking.com Ryan King]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]
* [http://siliconllama.com/ Benjamin West]
* [http://randomchaos.com/ Scott Reynen]
* [http://fberriman.com/ Frances Berriman]
* [http://allinthehead.com/ Drew McLellan]
* [http://kevinmarks.com/ Kevin Marks]

== Issues ==
See [[governance-issues]] for suggestions on how to improve governance.

criticism

2007-03-24T11:04:52Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Recent */ Removed unnecessary peronal commentary

=Criticism=

From time to time, there is criticism of a single, or all, microformats. Some is constructive, other less so.

The following list makes no judgement either way, but is included for reference, and in order that microformat advocates who wish to do so, may participate in the original discussion,.

If you choose to do so, please adopt a positive helpful manner, and act as an [[advocacy|ambassador for the microformat community]].

Unless stated, titles and dates are taken from original postings, verbatim.

Please add new items to the '''top''' of the list (they can be sorted into date-of-publication order after a week or so), and replicate the format of those already there.

==Recent==
*[http://www.webaim.org/discussion/mail_thread.php?thread=3259 WebAIM discussion of microformat accessibility] - 2007-01 / 2007-02. Includes discussion of [[abbr-design-pattern]]. Summary: criticism is nearly all from [http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/ Jukka "Yucca" Korpela]. If you dig deep you can find a few points we can use to improve microformats.

==2006==
*[http://www.voiceoftech.com/swhitley/index.php/?p=159 Committing An Act of hEresy - Part I] - 2006-12-11. Completely misrepresents microformats.
*[http://www.accessifyforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=6167&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0 Use of 'abbr' in microformats] - 2006-09-20. Issues: use of 'abbr'; Julian dates
*[http://cafe.elharo.com/xml/must-ignore-vs-microformats/ Must Ignore vs. Microformats] - 2006-07-12. Issues: "XML would be better"
*[http://evan.prodromou.name/RDFa_vs_microformats RDFa vs microformats] - 2006-05-29. Issues: lack of co-ordination & compatibility.
*[http://weblog.200ok.com.au/2006/01/limitations-of-rel-microformat.html limitations of rel="tag" microformat] - 2006-01-17 Summary: Under the current draft, tags and relevant tagspaces are potentially hard to create; and it's still easy to abuse the system. Humans can still be tricked and so can the machines. It's a great spec if you happen to have a compliant directory structure, but if your site doesn't match then you either recreate your entire system... or, more likely, you sadly advise the client that tags aren't happening.

==See also==
*[[accessibility]]
*[[microformats-issues]]
*The [[faq|microformats FAQ]], which answers many general criticisms/ issues that have been raised with microformats.

governance-issues

2007-03-22T15:54:08Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Petition */

== Issue Summary 2007-02-28 ==
=== Editor ===
[http://www.opendarwin.org/~drernie/ Ernest Prabhakar]

=== Contributors ===
*[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* Joe Andrieu
* Phae
* Ryan Cannon
* Colin Barrett
* ... Please add yourself.

== Preamble ==
Over the last year, a few people (AndyMabbett, JoeAndrieu, ErnestPrabhakar) have raised issues about how the Microformats wiki, mailing list, and community are governed. This page is here to discuss ideas for documenting, formalizing, and/or improving our collective governance.

== Abstract ==
Governance has [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/vs-sb/voluntarysector/glossary.html been defined] as "the traditions, institutions and processes that determine how power is exercised, how citizens are given a voice, and how decisions are made on issues of public concern." In the context of Microformats, it covers:
* Rules (both written and unwritten) expected of community members
* Who the various Admins are
* What powers Admins have
* Rules for how/when Admins can/should use those powers
* How to questioning/appealing a decision by an Admin
* How to become an Admin
* How to question/change any of these

While not all of these need to be explicitly spelled out, a healthy community our size requires a broad shared understanding of these facts -- as well as acceptance of them as "legitimate."

== Who Are Admins ==
* 2007-01-04 raised by [[User:DrErnie|DrErnie]] on [[microformats-issues]], before this page existed, and moved from there
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008011.html], there exist various concerns about the lack of clarity regarding governance of the list, wiki, and the specifications themselves. While agree that there does need to be some form of strong leadership to preserve the integrity of the community, I agree with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008022.html Colin Barrett] when he said:''
:::"I think there should be bit more visible superstructure around just who is in this "cabal". It seems to me like the Editors/Authors of the various specs form the majority it of it, but perhaps that should be made a bit more apparent, and the "powers" of an editor (essentially, the ability to veto changes to the wiki, it seems) outlined a bit and some information about how to become an editor (AFIACT, make numerous, quality edits to the Wiki that the other editors approve of)."
:An entry has been added to the FAQ regarding [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Who controls microformats?].[[User:DrErnie|Dr. Ernie]] 08:48, 2 Feb 2007 (PST)

== Mailing List Unmoderation Discussion ==
Discussion from [[mailing-list-unmoderation]].

* I'm glad to see this issue getting traction. However, I'm curious why Ernie's standing in the community is relevant to the issue of unmoderating Andy. Tantek, could you explain why that has been presented as an integral part of this decision making process? Clearly, personal clout always shapes one's ability to influence the community; however, I doubt it should be officially incorporated in these "proceedings". Shouldn't every member of the community have an equal hearing under whatever governance procedures we use? [[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 09:38, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

:[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek also said]: "''Ernie, as someone who has made overwhelmingly positive contributions to the microformats community, IMHO the occasional OT post is reasonable'".
* I believe the statement was added to give context to the appealing member of the community. i.e. Ernie is a long standing, good contributor, as opposed to someone new who has no experience with this particular community or someone who has had little or no interaction with the community until now, and also negates it being a personal statement (rather he is interested in community as a whole, instead of being a friend of the Andy and having a personal goal, for example). Basically, he is a person with a certain amount of credibility and trustworthiness. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 10:25, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Agreed, Phae, Ernie is such a person and that is Tantek's point. But should one need to be a "friend of the court" to bring an action? That practice reinforces a culture of privilege that has historically proven antithetical to transparency and equality, both characteristics of good governance, IMO. It is great to see the powers-that-be responding to Ernie's request. It is also a bit frustrating that only those deemed meritorious by the peerage can call forth due process and that Andy's own efforts to speak on his behalf--referencing my previous request to do the same--were summarily dismissed by Tantek because they were "adversarial." Any robust governance should, IMO, work independent of privilege and be capable of addressing adversarial situations without arbitrary limits on the speech of those whose liberties are under challenge.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 14:18, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
** Point taken and appreciated, but this is the first incident to come to this kind of a situation where someone else has felt the need to step in, and just happened to also involve someone that is felt to be a member of good standing. I'd like to hope that if another member of the community had felt a similar way and had chosen to bring it up, that it would also have been dealt with in this open manner (and I'm sure this incident will be brought up in the future). Hopefully this incident will be a good test case to better structure future interactions with administration. I can't personally comment on Andy's own appeals. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 14:45, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
**Agreed. The first efforts to work through a process like this are bound to be less than ideal. However, I'd like to get on the record two main points that appear problematic.
# [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008490.html my previous request to do the same] was not, in fact, dealt with in this open manner. Rather it decayed into a defensive debate about governance generally, leaving poor Andy stuck in moderated censure. Perhaps I'm not the most diplomatic sort, but the issue on the table is not about me. It is about Andy's continuing moderation.
# The [[mailing-list-unmoderation|unmoderation wiki page]] for Andy is effectively a public hearing on Andy's standing and privileges in the community, especially with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek's request] that no replies be sent to the email list on the topic. I find it particularly disturbing that Andy's efforts to contribute to that hearing have been [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14419&oldid=14416 repeatedly] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14456&oldid=14454 dismissed] by Tantek (see the [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&action=history history] for a complete list). While It probably wasn't the best form for Andy to edit my comment directly, he should, IMO, have a way to voice his opinion on the matter. He's been threatened with a ban if he does so on the mailing list. Is there another venue that is more appropriate than the wiki page taking input and votes on his unmoderation?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 20:19, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Shouldn't this point be moot? According to the terms of the moderation, it will be lifted "if he successfully sends only topical / positive / improving email to the lists for one week." Once the week passed, this moderation ought to have been lifted automatically, and should not require a vote, right? --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

== Examples ==
''Note: This is not to take a position on whether or not any of these decisions were appropriate or inappropriate. Rather, the existence of these events demonstrates the need to document why and how such decisions were -- or should be -- made and/or appealed.''

* Labelling microformats schema discussions as [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003551.html off-topic]
** Already covered by the [[microformats]] principles.
* Issue rejection [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008864.html governance]
* Negative, PoV and derogatory edit summary content such as "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=hcard-authoring&diff=13621&oldid=12276#Add_To_Address_Book_Links smelled of excessive political correctness worrying]" and "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=to-do&curid=1110&diff=13989&oldid=13988&rcid=23801 removed non-productive comment]".
** Removal of negative content from the wiki is not a negative. The Admins use their best judgment.
*[[rejected-formats#Pavatar|listing of items as "rejected"]] when [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008271.html requests for evidence of said rejection] reveal none.
** Not every email can be answered, nor should anyone expect them to be. In this case the rejection is in the mailing list archives.
* Despite an assurance that "all of the admins will be apropriately (sic) listed on the wiki page [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008526.html]", the [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F list given in FAQ] is prefaced with the qualifier "including".
** Reference for assurance? No such assurance should ever have been given.
* Removal of disputed edits / removal of negative content from the wiki
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=next&oldid=14416 mailing-list-unmoderation (16:12, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance&curid=3084&diff=0&oldid=14390&rcid=24255 governance (12:50, 19 Mar 2007)]
** [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance-issues&diff=14401&oldid=14396 governance-issues (14:55, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-lists&curid=1297&diff=14391&oldid=14389&rcid=24254 mailing-lists (12:42, 19 Mar 2007)]

== Proposal ==

# Create a ''microformats-admin'' mailing list, for easily contacting all admins
# Create a ''microformats-meta'' mailing list, moderated by a non-Admin, to capture discussions that do not fit into current lists, plus act as a "court of appeals" for Admin decisions.
# Create and maintain a [[governance]] page that captures and describes
* the identity of current Admins
* how to contact them
* the kinds of behavior warranting Admin intervention
* how to appeal an Admin decision/action

== Petition ==

We acknowledge that the microformats list and wiki is not a democracy, and that one of the key goals of microformats is to have as little process and structure as possible. However, at the same time we believe that the "dictatorship" needs to not merely ''be'', but ''be seen as'' "benevelont." This includes some minimal level of transparency and due process to ensure that there are legitimate ways for ordinary members to speak out if they feel (rightly or wrongly) that a particulate administrative action was unwise or unfair. Whether that is similar to the '''Proposal''' above, or a counter-proposal by the ''admin'' team, we believe that something is necessary.
:''Please add your vote here''
*+1 Ernest Prabhakar
*+1 Joe Andrieu

== Resources ==

* http://www.shirky.com/writings/group_enemy.html

governance-issues

2007-03-22T15:53:45Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Petition */

== Issue Summary 2007-02-28 ==
=== Editor ===
[http://www.opendarwin.org/~drernie/ Ernest Prabhakar]

=== Contributors ===
*[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* Joe Andrieu
* Phae
* Ryan Cannon
* Colin Barrett
* ... Please add yourself.

== Preamble ==
Over the last year, a few people (AndyMabbett, JoeAndrieu, ErnestPrabhakar) have raised issues about how the Microformats wiki, mailing list, and community are governed. This page is here to discuss ideas for documenting, formalizing, and/or improving our collective governance.

== Abstract ==
Governance has [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/vs-sb/voluntarysector/glossary.html been defined] as "the traditions, institutions and processes that determine how power is exercised, how citizens are given a voice, and how decisions are made on issues of public concern." In the context of Microformats, it covers:
* Rules (both written and unwritten) expected of community members
* Who the various Admins are
* What powers Admins have
* Rules for how/when Admins can/should use those powers
* How to questioning/appealing a decision by an Admin
* How to become an Admin
* How to question/change any of these

While not all of these need to be explicitly spelled out, a healthy community our size requires a broad shared understanding of these facts -- as well as acceptance of them as "legitimate."

== Who Are Admins ==
* 2007-01-04 raised by [[User:DrErnie|DrErnie]] on [[microformats-issues]], before this page existed, and moved from there
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008011.html], there exist various concerns about the lack of clarity regarding governance of the list, wiki, and the specifications themselves. While agree that there does need to be some form of strong leadership to preserve the integrity of the community, I agree with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008022.html Colin Barrett] when he said:''
:::"I think there should be bit more visible superstructure around just who is in this "cabal". It seems to me like the Editors/Authors of the various specs form the majority it of it, but perhaps that should be made a bit more apparent, and the "powers" of an editor (essentially, the ability to veto changes to the wiki, it seems) outlined a bit and some information about how to become an editor (AFIACT, make numerous, quality edits to the Wiki that the other editors approve of)."
:An entry has been added to the FAQ regarding [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Who controls microformats?].[[User:DrErnie|Dr. Ernie]] 08:48, 2 Feb 2007 (PST)

== Mailing List Unmoderation Discussion ==
Discussion from [[mailing-list-unmoderation]].

* I'm glad to see this issue getting traction. However, I'm curious why Ernie's standing in the community is relevant to the issue of unmoderating Andy. Tantek, could you explain why that has been presented as an integral part of this decision making process? Clearly, personal clout always shapes one's ability to influence the community; however, I doubt it should be officially incorporated in these "proceedings". Shouldn't every member of the community have an equal hearing under whatever governance procedures we use? [[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 09:38, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

:[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek also said]: "''Ernie, as someone who has made overwhelmingly positive contributions to the microformats community, IMHO the occasional OT post is reasonable'".
* I believe the statement was added to give context to the appealing member of the community. i.e. Ernie is a long standing, good contributor, as opposed to someone new who has no experience with this particular community or someone who has had little or no interaction with the community until now, and also negates it being a personal statement (rather he is interested in community as a whole, instead of being a friend of the Andy and having a personal goal, for example). Basically, he is a person with a certain amount of credibility and trustworthiness. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 10:25, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Agreed, Phae, Ernie is such a person and that is Tantek's point. But should one need to be a "friend of the court" to bring an action? That practice reinforces a culture of privilege that has historically proven antithetical to transparency and equality, both characteristics of good governance, IMO. It is great to see the powers-that-be responding to Ernie's request. It is also a bit frustrating that only those deemed meritorious by the peerage can call forth due process and that Andy's own efforts to speak on his behalf--referencing my previous request to do the same--were summarily dismissed by Tantek because they were "adversarial." Any robust governance should, IMO, work independent of privilege and be capable of addressing adversarial situations without arbitrary limits on the speech of those whose liberties are under challenge.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 14:18, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
** Point taken and appreciated, but this is the first incident to come to this kind of a situation where someone else has felt the need to step in, and just happened to also involve someone that is felt to be a member of good standing. I'd like to hope that if another member of the community had felt a similar way and had chosen to bring it up, that it would also have been dealt with in this open manner (and I'm sure this incident will be brought up in the future). Hopefully this incident will be a good test case to better structure future interactions with administration. I can't personally comment on Andy's own appeals. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 14:45, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
**Agreed. The first efforts to work through a process like this are bound to be less than ideal. However, I'd like to get on the record two main points that appear problematic.
# [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008490.html my previous request to do the same] was not, in fact, dealt with in this open manner. Rather it decayed into a defensive debate about governance generally, leaving poor Andy stuck in moderated censure. Perhaps I'm not the most diplomatic sort, but the issue on the table is not about me. It is about Andy's continuing moderation.
# The [[mailing-list-unmoderation|unmoderation wiki page]] for Andy is effectively a public hearing on Andy's standing and privileges in the community, especially with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek's request] that no replies be sent to the email list on the topic. I find it particularly disturbing that Andy's efforts to contribute to that hearing have been [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14419&oldid=14416 repeatedly] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14456&oldid=14454 dismissed] by Tantek (see the [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&action=history history] for a complete list). While It probably wasn't the best form for Andy to edit my comment directly, he should, IMO, have a way to voice his opinion on the matter. He's been threatened with a ban if he does so on the mailing list. Is there another venue that is more appropriate than the wiki page taking input and votes on his unmoderation?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 20:19, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Shouldn't this point be moot? According to the terms of the moderation, it will be lifted "if he successfully sends only topical / positive / improving email to the lists for one week." Once the week passed, this moderation ought to have been lifted automatically, and should not require a vote, right? --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

== Examples ==
''Note: This is not to take a position on whether or not any of these decisions were appropriate or inappropriate. Rather, the existence of these events demonstrates the need to document why and how such decisions were -- or should be -- made and/or appealed.''

* Labelling microformats schema discussions as [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003551.html off-topic]
** Already covered by the [[microformats]] principles.
* Issue rejection [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008864.html governance]
* Negative, PoV and derogatory edit summary content such as "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=hcard-authoring&diff=13621&oldid=12276#Add_To_Address_Book_Links smelled of excessive political correctness worrying]" and "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=to-do&curid=1110&diff=13989&oldid=13988&rcid=23801 removed non-productive comment]".
** Removal of negative content from the wiki is not a negative. The Admins use their best judgment.
*[[rejected-formats#Pavatar|listing of items as "rejected"]] when [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008271.html requests for evidence of said rejection] reveal none.
** Not every email can be answered, nor should anyone expect them to be. In this case the rejection is in the mailing list archives.
* Despite an assurance that "all of the admins will be apropriately (sic) listed on the wiki page [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008526.html]", the [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F list given in FAQ] is prefaced with the qualifier "including".
** Reference for assurance? No such assurance should ever have been given.
* Removal of disputed edits / removal of negative content from the wiki
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=next&oldid=14416 mailing-list-unmoderation (16:12, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance&curid=3084&diff=0&oldid=14390&rcid=24255 governance (12:50, 19 Mar 2007)]
** [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance-issues&diff=14401&oldid=14396 governance-issues (14:55, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-lists&curid=1297&diff=14391&oldid=14389&rcid=24254 mailing-lists (12:42, 19 Mar 2007)]

== Proposal ==

# Create a ''microformats-admin'' mailing list, for easily contacting all admins
# Create a ''microformats-meta'' mailing list, moderated by a non-Admin, to capture discussions that do not fit into current lists, plus act as a "court of appeals" for Admin decisions.
# Create and maintain a [[governance]] page that captures and describes
* the identity of current Admins
* how to contact them
* the kinds of behavior warranting Admin intervention
* how to appeal an Admin decision/action

== Petition ==

We acknowledge that the microformats list and wiki is not a democracy, and that one of the key goals of microformats is to have as little process and structure as possible. However, at the same time we believe that the "dictatorship" needs to not merely ''be'', but ''be seen as'' "benevelont." This includes some minimal level of transparency and due process to ensure that there are legitimate ways for ordinary members to speak out if they feel (rightly or wrongly) that a particulate administrative action was unwise or unfair. Whether that is similar to the '''Proposal''' above, or a counter-proposal by the ''admin'' team, we believe that something is necessary.
:''Please add your vote here''
+1 Ernest Prabhakar
+1 Joe Andrieu

== Resources ==

* http://www.shirky.com/writings/group_enemy.html

governance-issues

2007-03-20T03:19:05Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Mailing List Unmoderation Discussion */

== Issue Summary 2007-02-28 ==
=== Editor ===
[http://www.opendarwin.org/~drernie/ Ernest Prabhakar]

=== Contributors ===
*[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* ... Please add yourself.

== Preamble ==
Over the last year, a few people (AndyMabbett, JoeAndrieu, ErnestPrabhakar) have raised issues about how the Microformats wiki, mailing list, and community are governed. This page is here to discuss ideas for documenting, formalizing, and/or improving our collective governance.

== Abstract ==
Governance has [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/vs-sb/voluntarysector/glossary.html been defined] as "the traditions, institutions and processes that determine how power is exercised, how citizens are given a voice, and how decisions are made on issues of public concern." In the context of Microformats, it covers:
* Rules (both written and unwritten) expected of community members
* Who the various Admins are
* What powers Admins have
* Rules for how/when Admins can/should use those powers
* How to questioning/appealing a decision by an Admin
* How to become an Admin
* How to question/change any of these

While not all of these need to be explicitly spelled out, a healthy community our size requires a broad shared understanding of these facts -- as well as acceptance of them as "legitimate."

== Who Are Admins ==
* 2007-01-04 raised by [[User:DrErnie|DrErnie]] on [[microformats-issues]], before this page existed, and moved from there
*# ''As discussed in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008011.html], there exist various concerns about the lack of clarity regarding governance of the list, wiki, and the specifications themselves. While agree that there does need to be some form of strong leadership to preserve the integrity of the community, I agree with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008022.html Colin Barrett] when he said:''
:::"I think there should be bit more visible superstructure around just who is in this "cabal". It seems to me like the Editors/Authors of the various specs form the majority it of it, but perhaps that should be made a bit more apparent, and the "powers" of an editor (essentially, the ability to veto changes to the wiki, it seems) outlined a bit and some information about how to become an editor (AFIACT, make numerous, quality edits to the Wiki that the other editors approve of)."
:An entry has been added to the FAQ regarding [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F Who controls microformats?].[[User:DrErnie|Dr. Ernie]] 08:48, 2 Feb 2007 (PST)

== Mailing List Unmoderation Discussion ==
Discussion from [[mailing-list-unmoderation]].

* I'm glad to see this issue getting traction. However, I'm curious why Ernie's standing in the community is relevant to the issue of unmoderating Andy. Tantek, could you explain why that has been presented as an integral part of this decision making process? Clearly, personal clout always shapes one's ability to influence the community; however, I doubt it should be officially incorporated in these "proceedings". Shouldn't every member of the community have an equal hearing under whatever governance procedures we use? [[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 09:38, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

:[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek also said]: "''Ernie, as someone who has made overwhelmingly positive contributions to the microformats community, IMHO the occasional OT post is reasonable'".
* I believe the statement was added to give context to the appealing member of the community. i.e. Ernie is a long standing, good contributor, as opposed to someone new who has no experience with this particular community or someone who has had little or no interaction with the community until now, and also negates it being a personal statement (rather he is interested in community as a whole, instead of being a friend of the Andy and having a personal goal, for example). Basically, he is a person with a certain amount of credibility and trustworthiness. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 10:25, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Agreed, Phae, Ernie is such a person and that is Tantek's point. But should one need to be a "friend of the court" to bring an action? That practice reinforces a culture of privilege that has historically proven antithetical to transparency and equality, both characteristics of good governance, IMO. It is great to see the powers-that-be responding to Ernie's request. It is also a bit frustrating that only those deemed meritorious by the peerage can call forth due process and that Andy's own efforts to speak on his behalf--referencing my previous request to do the same--were summarily dismissed by Tantek because they were "adversarial." Any robust governance should, IMO, work independent of privilege and be capable of addressing adversarial situations without arbitrary limits on the speech of those whose liberties are under challenge.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 14:18, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
** Point taken and appreciated, but this is the first incident to come to this kind of a situation where someone else has felt the need to step in, and just happened to also involve someone that is felt to be a member of good standing. I'd like to hope that if another member of the community had felt a similar way and had chosen to bring it up, that it would also have been dealt with in this open manner (and I'm sure this incident will be brought up in the future). Hopefully this incident will be a good test case to better structure future interactions with administration. I can't personally comment on Andy's own appeals. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 14:45, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
**Agreed. The first efforts to work through a process like this are bound to be less than ideal. However, I'd like to get on the record two main points that appear problematic.
# [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008490.html my previous request to do the same] was not, in fact, dealt with in this open manner. Rather it decayed into a defensive debate about governance generally, leaving poor Andy stuck in moderated censure. Perhaps I'm not the most diplomatic sort, but the issue on the table is not about me. It is about Andy's continuing moderation.
# The [[mailing-list-unmoderation|unmoderation wiki page]] for Andy is effectively a public hearing on Andy's standing and privileges in the community, especially with [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek's request] that no replies be sent to the email list on the topic. I find it particularly disturbing that Andy's efforts to contribute to that hearing have been [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14419&oldid=14416 repeatedly] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=14456&oldid=14454 dismissed] by Tantek (see the [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&action=history history] for a complete list). While It probably wasn't the best form for Andy to edit my comment directly, he should, IMO, have a way to voice his opinion on the matter. He's been threatened with a ban if he does so on the mailing list. Is there another venue that is more appropriate than the wiki page taking input and votes on his unmoderation?--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 20:19, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

== Examples ==
''Note: This is not to take a position on whether or not any of these decisions were appropriate or inappropriate. Rather, the existence of these events demonstrates the need to document why and how such decisions were -- or should be -- made and/or appealed.''

* Labelling microformats schema discussions as [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003551.html off-topic]
** Already covered by the [[microformats]] principles.
* Issue rejection [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008864.html governance]
* Negative, PoV and derogatory edit summary content such as "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=hcard-authoring&diff=13621&oldid=12276#Add_To_Address_Book_Links smelled of excessive political correctness worrying]" and "[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=to-do&curid=1110&diff=13989&oldid=13988&rcid=23801 removed non-productive comment]".
** Removal of negative content from the wiki is not a negative. The Admins use their best judgment.
*[[rejected-formats#Pavatar|listing of items as "rejected"]] when [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008271.html requests for evidence of said rejection] reveal none.
** Not every email can be answered, nor should anyone expect them to be. In this case the rejection is in the mailing list archives.
* Despite an assurance that "all of the admins will be apropriately (sic) listed on the wiki page [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-February/008526.html]", the [http://microformats.org/wiki/faq#Q:_Who_controls_microformats.3F list given in FAQ] is prefaced with the qualifier "including".
** Reference for assurance? No such assurance should ever have been given.
* Removal of disputed edits / removal of negative content from the wiki
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-list-unmoderation&diff=next&oldid=14416 mailing-list-unmoderation (16:12, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance&curid=3084&diff=0&oldid=14390&rcid=24255 governance (12:50, 19 Mar 2007)]
** [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=governance-issues&diff=14401&oldid=14396 governance-issues (14:55, 19 Mar 2007)]
**[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=mailing-lists&curid=1297&diff=14391&oldid=14389&rcid=24254 mailing-lists (12:42, 19 Mar 2007)]

== Proposal ==

# Create a ''microformats-admin'' mailing list, for easily contacting all admins
# Create a ''microformats-meta'' mailing list, moderated by a non-Admin, to capture discussions that do not fit into current lists, plus act as a "court of appeals" for Admin decisions.
# Create and maintain a [[governance]] page that captures and describes
* the identity of current Admins
* how to contact them
* the kinds of behavior warranting Admin intervention
* how to appeal an Admin decision/action

== Resources ==

* http://www.shirky.com/writings/group_enemy.html

mailing-list-unmoderation

2007-03-19T21:18:50Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Discussion */

Andy Mabbett was [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-04#T011730 moderated (rather than banned for a week) on 2007-01-04] on the microformats mailing lists at the time for both his frequent/excessive off-topic posts, and his ignoring of several warnings from admins to please stop doing so (see microformats-discuss archives for details). Ernie P. (a longstanding overwhelmingly positive contributor to the community) has [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009063.html proposed unmoderating Andy at this point, 2007-03-19]. Please add your opinion at the end:
* +1 Ernie P.
* +1 David Janes
* +1 Nic James Ferrier
* +1 Tantek
* +1 Scott Reynen
* +1 Steve Ganz
* +1 Joe Andrieu
* +1 M. Jackson Wilkinson
* +1 BenWest
* +1 Chris Foote (Spike)
* ... add your opinion (+1 unmoderate, 0 no opinion, -1 keep moderated) and your name

===Discussion===
* I'm glad to see this issue getting traction. However, I'm curious why Ernie's standing in the community is relevant to the issue of unmoderating Andy. Tantek, could you explain why that has been presented as an integral part of this decision making process? Clearly, personal clout always shapes one's ability to influence the community; however, I doubt it should be officially incorporated in these "proceedings". Shouldn't every member of the community have an equal hearing under whatever governance procedures we use?
[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 09:38, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

:[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-March/009066.html Tantek also said]: "''Ernie, as someone who has made overwhelmingly positive contributions to the microformats community, IMHO the occasional OT post is reasonable'".
* I believe the statement was added to give context to the appealing member of the community. i.e. Ernie is a long standing, good contributor, as opposed to someone new who has no experience with this particular community or someone who has had little or no interaction with the community until now, and also negates it being a personal statement (rather he is interested in community as a whole, instead of being a friend of the Andy and having a personal goal, for example). Basically, he is a person with a certain amount of credibility and trustworthiness. [[User:Phae|Phae]] 10:25, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)
* Agreed, Phae, Ernie is such a person and that is Tantek's point. But should one need to be a "friend of the court" to bring an action? That practice reinforces a culture of privilege that has historically proven antithetical to transparency and equality, both characteristics of good governance, IMO. It is great to see the powers-that-be responding to Ernie's request. It is also a bit frustrating that only those deemed meritorious by the peerage can call forth due process and that Andy's own efforts to speak on his behalf--referencing my previous request to do the same--were summarily dismissed by Tantek because they were "adversarial." Any robust governance should, IMO, work independent of privilege and be capable of addressing adversarial situations without arbitrary limits on the speech of those whose liberties are under challenge.--[[User:JoeAndrieu|JoeAndrieu]] 14:18, 19 Mar 2007 (PDT)

mailing-list-unmoderation

2007-03-19T16:38:08Z

JoeAndrieu: Added discussion section and question on governance

mailing-list-unmoderation

2007-03-19T16:26:30Z

JoeAndrieu:

hcard-profile

2006-12-13T18:50:34Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Usage */

= hCard Profile =

The following is an [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP] profile for the [[hcard|hCard]] specification.

It's also available as [http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard].
See [[profile-uris]] for more details.

http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns has roughly the same information with a different editorial style.

== Usage ==
Profiles are referenced in (X)HTML files in the <HEAD> tag, e.g.:
<pre>
<head profile='http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard'>
</pre>

== Profile ==
<pre>
<dl class="profile">
<dt>class</dt>
<dd><p>
<a rel="help" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">
HTML4 definition of the 'class' attribute.</a>
This meta data profile defines some 'class' attribute values (class names)
and their meanings as suggested by a
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328#profile">
draft of "Hypertext Links in HTML"</a>.
All values are defined according to the semantics defined in the
<a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard">
hCard specification</a>
and thus in
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt">RFC 2426</a>.</p>
<dl>
<dt>vcard</dt>
<dd>A container for the rest of the class names defined in this XMDP profile.
See section 1. of RFC 2426.
</dd>

<dt>fn</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>n</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426. May be inferred per
Implied "N" Optimization.</dd>

<dt>family-name</dt>
<dd>See "Family Name" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>given-name</dt>
<dd>See "Given Name" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>additional-name</dt>
<dd>See "Additional Names" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>honorific-prefix</dt>
<dd>See "Honorific Prefixes" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>honorific-suffix</dt>
<dd>See "Honorific Suffixes" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>nickname</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.3 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>photo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.4 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <img> tag.
Use the 'src' attribute for URI values. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for
binary values.</dd>

<dt>bday</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.5 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the date value, and a human readable date
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>adr</dt>
<dd>See section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>post-office-box</dt>
<dd>See "post office box" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>extended-address</dt>
<dd>See "extended address" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>street-address</dt>
<dd>See "street address" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>locality</dt>
<dd>See "locality" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>region</dt>
<dd>See "region" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>postal-code</dt>
<dd>See "postal code" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>country-name</dt>
<dd>See "country name" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>type</dt>
<dd>See "type" in the various sections of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>value</dt>
<dd>This class name is used to distinguish the actual *value*
of a property from any other cruft that may be in
the element representing the property.</dd>

<dt>label</dt>
<dd>See section 3.2.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>tel</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>email</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>mailer</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.3 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>tz</dt>
<dd>See section 3.4.1 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the tz value, and a human readable time zone
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>geo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>latitude</dt>
<dd>See "latitude" in section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>longitude</dt>
<dd>See "longitude" in section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>title</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>role</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>logo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.3 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <img> tag.
Use the 'src' attribute for URI values. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for
binary values.</dd>

<dt>agent</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.4 of RFC 2426. If the value is a vCard, then
use a nest hCard. For simplicity in that case, the same element that
has the class name of "agent" should use the class name of "vcard".</dd>

<dt>org</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>organization-name</dt>
<dd>See "Organization Name" in section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.
May be inferred per Implied "organization-name" Optimization.</dd>

<dt>organization-unit</dt>
<dd>See "Organization Unit" in section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>category</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>note</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>rev</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.4 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the date value, and a human readable date
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>sort-string</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>sound</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.6 of RFC 2426. Typically used with either an <a>
or <object> tag. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for binary values.</dd>

<dt>uid</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.7 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>url</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.8 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <a> tag.
</dd>

<dt>class</dt>
<dd>See section 3.7.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>key</dt>
<dd>See section 3.7.2 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the key value, and a human readable key
equivalent inside the element.</dd>

</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</pre>

== Deprecated ==

2005-09-16:

The following class names have been deprecated in favor of singular names and the use of the "type" sub-property rather than class names for all of its values. hCard publishers MUST NOT use them as a class name.
* plurals:
** additional-names, honorific-prefixes, honorific-suffixes, categories
* type values:
** dom, intl, postal, parcel, home, work, pref, msg, voice, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs, internet, x400

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

hcard-profile

2006-12-13T18:06:03Z

JoeAndrieu: Added explanation of use in <HEAD> tag

= hCard Profile =

The following is an [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP] profile for the [[hcard|hCard]] specification.

It's also available as [http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard http://www.w3.org/2006/03/hcard].
See [[profile-uris]] for more details.

http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns has roughly the same information with a different editorial style.

== Usage ==
Profiles are referenced in (X)HTML files in the <HEAD> tag:
<pre>
<head profile='http://gmpg.org/xmdp/samplehtmlprofile.html'>
</pre>
== Profile ==
<pre>
<dl class="profile">
<dt>class</dt>
<dd><p>
<a rel="help" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">
HTML4 definition of the 'class' attribute.</a>
This meta data profile defines some 'class' attribute values (class names)
and their meanings as suggested by a
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328#profile">
draft of "Hypertext Links in HTML"</a>.
All values are defined according to the semantics defined in the
<a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard">
hCard specification</a>
and thus in
<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt">RFC 2426</a>.</p>
<dl>
<dt>vcard</dt>
<dd>A container for the rest of the class names defined in this XMDP profile.
See section 1. of RFC 2426.
</dd>

<dt>fn</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>n</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426. May be inferred per
Implied "N" Optimization.</dd>

<dt>family-name</dt>
<dd>See "Family Name" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>given-name</dt>
<dd>See "Given Name" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>additional-name</dt>
<dd>See "Additional Names" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>honorific-prefix</dt>
<dd>See "Honorific Prefixes" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>honorific-suffix</dt>
<dd>See "Honorific Suffixes" in section 3.1.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>nickname</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.3 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>photo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.4 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <img> tag.
Use the 'src' attribute for URI values. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for
binary values.</dd>

<dt>bday</dt>
<dd>See section 3.1.5 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the date value, and a human readable date
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>adr</dt>
<dd>See section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>post-office-box</dt>
<dd>See "post office box" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>extended-address</dt>
<dd>See "extended address" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>street-address</dt>
<dd>See "street address" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>locality</dt>
<dd>See "locality" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>region</dt>
<dd>See "region" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>postal-code</dt>
<dd>See "postal code" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>country-name</dt>
<dd>See "country name" in section 3.2.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>type</dt>
<dd>See "type" in the various sections of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>value</dt>
<dd>This class name is used to distinguish the actual *value*
of a property from any other cruft that may be in
the element representing the property.</dd>

<dt>label</dt>
<dd>See section 3.2.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>tel</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>email</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>mailer</dt>
<dd>See section 3.3.3 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>tz</dt>
<dd>See section 3.4.1 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the tz value, and a human readable time zone
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>geo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>latitude</dt>
<dd>See "latitude" in section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>longitude</dt>
<dd>See "longitude" in section 3.4.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>title</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>role</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>logo</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.3 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <img> tag.
Use the 'src' attribute for URI values. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for
binary values.</dd>

<dt>agent</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.4 of RFC 2426. If the value is a vCard, then
use a nest hCard. For simplicity in that case, the same element that
has the class name of "agent" should use the class name of "vcard".</dd>

<dt>org</dt>
<dd>See section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>organization-name</dt>
<dd>See "Organization Name" in section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.
May be inferred per Implied "organization-name" Optimization.</dd>

<dt>organization-unit</dt>
<dd>See "Organization Unit" in section 3.5.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>category</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>note</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.2 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>rev</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.4 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the date value, and a human readable date
inside the element.</dd>

<dt>sort-string</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.5 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>sound</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.6 of RFC 2426. Typically used with either an <a>
or <object> tag. Use the 'data:' URI scheme for binary values.</dd>

<dt>uid</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.7 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>url</dt>
<dd>See section 3.6.8 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <a> tag.
</dd>

<dt>class</dt>
<dd>See section 3.7.1 of RFC 2426.</dd>

<dt>key</dt>
<dd>See section 3.7.2 of RFC 2426. Typically used with an <abbr> tag
with the 'title' attribute for the key value, and a human readable key
equivalent inside the element.</dd>

</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</pre>

== Deprecated ==

2005-09-16:

The following class names have been deprecated in favor of singular names and the use of the "type" sub-property rather than class names for all of its values. hCard publishers MUST NOT use them as a class name.
* plurals:
** additional-names, honorific-prefixes, honorific-suffixes, categories
* type values:
** dom, intl, postal, parcel, home, work, pref, msg, voice, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs, internet, x400

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

mailing-lists

2006-10-17T16:59:50Z

JoeAndrieu:

<h1> Mailing Lists </h1>

Read the [http://microformats.org/discuss/ microformats discuss page] first.

Then read the [http://microformats.org/mailinglists-policies/ mailing list policies].

Ok, now here are some additional notes of scope and topics for each list.

__TOC__

== microformats-discuss ==
A mailing list for general discussion of microformats, with a strong leaning towards:

* starting out with microformats
* real-world content authoring

=== good topics for discussion ===
Here is a list (certainly not definitive) of good topics which are appropriate for the microformats-discuss mailing list:

* general thoughts on the design and use of semantic XHTML markup
* how to use and write microformats in content
* how to use microformat design patterns in content

=== good topics that belong somewhere else ===
* see [http://microformats.org/wiki/mailing-lists#good_topics_for_discussion_2 microformats-dev good topics for discussion]

=== bad topics for discussion ===

AKA topics better discussed elsewhere (somewhere other than microformats.org).

Here is a list (also not definitive) of topics which are undesired and inappopriate for the microformats-discuss mailing list. In fact, they're not even worth the time to bother discussing, so please do not bring them up on the microformats-discuss mailing list. We'll add more topics as people come up with more off-topic or out-of-scope or rathole topics.

# '''How to make a "general purpose" (micro)format.''' Go read [http://microformats.org/wiki/microformats#microformats_are_not what microformats are not], actually, go read the entire [[microformats|principles]] page. Sometimes this may masquerade as a "format of formats". Either way, it is one of those boil the ocean ratholes which are far outside the focus of microformats. If you really want to work on such subjects, teach yourself DTD (SGML, XML), XML Schema, Relax NG, RDF Schema, and find the communities working on those technologies.
# '''Using namespaces and namespace prefixes.''' In short, namespaces are neither necessary (the Internet ran just fine without them for decades, go read some RFCs), nor desirable (prefixes make formats far uglier and more difficult to hand-code). See also [[namespaces-considered-harmful]].
# '''Using non-English names for properties'''. This was briefly discussed on the microformats-discuss list most recently as "Language Maps" but has been raised before that. Some folks have raised the issue that microformats use English names for properties, and they would like alternate (non-English) names in other (natural) languages, and perhaps try to establish a mapping between them. As microformats property names are based on existing standards (see [[process]], and [[naming-principles]]), this is another problem that is far outside the scope of microformats. As Ryan King put it, this is a pre-existing (unsolved) "problem" with English-based HTML, the English-based CSS, the English-based HTTP and so on. Note that this is NOT about the internationalization (i18n) of the content and data itself - which is of course an excellent goal, advocated and promoted by microformats and the standards they are based on (e.g. W3C, IETF). This is purely about the names of the properties (and enumerated values) in the formats.

== microformats-dev ==
For discussion of microformats development, with a leaning towards:

* anything that involves writing code
* abstractions / models (in contrast to actual content)

=== good topics for discussion ===
These tend to be topics that belong in microformats-dev instead of microformats-discuss. This list is also not definitive, but illustrates the general areas:

* microformat parsing
* microformat "(auto)-discovery"
* comparisons of microformats with other data abstractions or data representations (e.g. XML, RDF)
* compatibility/interoperability of microformats with other data abstractions or data representations

== microformats-rest ==
For discussion of use of microformats with REST, in protocols, services, APIs etc.

== how to search the mailing list archives ==
If your post to the list starts off "I'm new to the list and microformats so I don't know if you've discussed this already" READ THROUGH THE [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/ ARCHIVES]!

The archives are getting larger, so here are a few simple ways you can search them. Most popular search engines imploy some sort of site based results filtering. Google does this in your initial search. Type "site:http://microformats.org/discuss/ <search terms here>" to limit the search results to only our discussion list. This will help you from asking a question that has already been posted, debated, and possibly resolved. It saves everyone time and energy!

== new list proposal ==

There is a proposal for creating a new mailing list for discussing the research and creation of new microformats so that those discussions do not overwhelm microformats-discuss.

Some candidates for names with the thinking behind them. Feel free to add your name and opinion (+/- 1 or 0).

* microformats-new (focusing on discussing "new" microformats)
** +1 tantek
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 Lachlan Hunt
** +1 Joe Andrieu
** -1 Andy Mabbett
* microformats-research (focusing on the essential, and often overlooked by first-time proposers "research" phase(s) in the process)
** +1 tantek
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 cgriego
** +1 Phae
** +1 JustinThorp
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Joe Andrieu
* microformats-process (That's really what we're talking about with research of new microformats, isn't it?)
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 Lachlan Hunt
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Joe Andrieu
* microformats-propose (it misses the point of the process, and implies that there is a desire for microformats proposals - there isn't)
** -1 tantek
** -1 ScottReynen
** +1 Andy Mabbett
* microformats-suggest (similar to propose but milder ;)
** +1 ChrisMessina
** 0 tantek
** -1 ScottReynen
** -1 Phae (I feel this is just -propose in disguise)
** - BenWest
** -1 Andy Mabbett
* nothing (fix uf-dev, do nothing else (for now))
** +1 RyanKing
** +1 BenWest
** +1 Tim White

citation-brainstorming

2006-10-06T01:17:09Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Blogs quoting other resources, including blogs */

<h1> Citation Brainstroming </h1>

__TOC__

== Contributors ==

* ...
* ... (a bunch of good folks!)
* Tantek Çelik
* Tim White
* Michael McCracken

== See also ==
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-examples]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-faq]]

== Use Cases ==

To focus the discussion, please add use cases below that will help show what problems the citation microformat will be solving.

I've included two, focusing on consuming information - I've assumed that use cases for generating microformatted content would just involve the desire to enable your content to be consumed better, but I'm interested to see if there's something I'm missing here -Mike

=== Acquiring reference information from the web ===

A user either finds an author's papers page, or is viewing the results of a search and would like to import the information about the displayed papers into their local reference database, for the purposes of cataloging things they've read, adding notes, and using the information to generate later citations, potentially in other forms, such as BibTeX or Docbook, for inclusion in a publication of their own.

Notes: In this case, it isn't important to the user what format the citation takes as displayed on the page where they find it. What *is* important is that it contains enough information to allow generation of the format they will ultimately re-publish it in. This implies that it may be worthwhile to err a little on the side of verbosity.

Also, links to downloadable full representations of the cited work are very important - e.g. a link to the PDF of a journal article, or to a music file.

=== Subscribing to reading lists, periodicals, etc ===

I would like to be able to leverage my news aggregator with hAtom to subscribe to a remote source for citation information, for example:

* a reading list for a seminar
* The publication list for a conference (e.g., subscribe to SIGGRAPH and see the updated conference proceedings every year)
* the issues of a journal
* a particular research group or researcher's publications
* Not just research: a popular author's publications (e.g., [http://www.gladwell.com/archive.html Malcolm Gladwell's Archive])

=== Aggregating reading lists and reviews ===

A citation microformat-specific aggregator could provide a decentralized version of [http://citeulike.org/ CiteULike]. Libraries, authors, research groups, and publishers could mark up their collections, while other people on weblogs or review sites could add tags and reviews.

At least, having a well-adopted microformat would make writing tools like CiteULike much better, since it relies in some cases on screen-scraping publisher web-sites.

=== Cut & Paste from web pages ===
Capturing/copying HTML from web pages for use in other applications (especially when those apps present HTML as output), such as pasting into Word, or a specialized application like [http://www.google.com/notebook Google Notebook], [http://onfolio.com Onfolio] or [http://www.kaboodle.com Kaboodle]. When such captures are made, it makes sense to keep track of the full citation data, including the date it was accessed, which may or may not be the date it was published.

=== Blogs quoting other resources, including blogs ===
Any blog that cites online content, whether a blog or news article, could use an hCitation to properly link to the cited reference. Such citations could include the access date when the blogger made the citation, because resources on the other side of those links can change without notice.

Instead, today we have simple formating with a link to the permaURL. The citation data is completely lacking. See [http://doc.weblogs.com Doc Searl's blog] for a style of referencing that could benefit from proper a citation uF.

Fascinating... after I added the last two use cases, I realized they focus on potentially marginal cases. The first because it is missing the "output" part of the cut & paste, where the uF would actually be used as part of the paste. The latter because bloggers have a working citation mechanism that is just a link to the URL (hopefully a permaURL). One could argue they wouldn't want a full hCitation. And in fact, until a tool exists that makes it easy, they probably won't. However, a tool that cuts & pastes from anywhere on the web into a blog with a full citation seems like a nice tool. But again, I'm not really paving the cowpaths with these ideas. -Joe Andrieu

== Original hBib Discussion ==

During the WWW2005 Developer's Day [[microformats]] track, Rohit Khare gave a [[presentations|presentation]] where he discussed the microformats [[process]], and then did a quick demonstration wherein a bunch of us got on a shared Subethaedit document, and brainstormed some thoughts on what an "hBib" bibliography citation microformat would look like. Rohit placed the [http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html document on his Commercenet site].

* http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html

''An attempt to summarize and inline the linked document follows. -Mike''

Two major goals were outlined by the group:

* Avoid re-keying references
* Adapt to new journal styles by changing CSS

The fundamental problem was discussed in terms of display - the ability to transform XHTML+hBib into the many journal-specific formats. For example, how to display "et.al" when all authors are present in the source, and how to re-order the elements if a style defines a set order of elements that conflicts with the ordering in the source. Using hCard for authors was agreed on, and the beginnings of an example were shown.

== XHTML Structure ==
With my exprience working X2V and hCa* has taught me what elememts are easy to find and which are not. Since the Citation microformat is very new it is possible to not make a lot of the same errors twice and to make things easier for extracting application to find and imply certain properties.

* There should be some sort of 'root node' that implies all child elements are for the Citation microformat.
* Since most people will have multiple Citation there should be away to represent each Citation object as a unqiue block independant of another. This is to keep the parse from finding 'author' and applying to all citations. Each citation should be in a container (class="???") that scoped from others.
* Perhaps class="hcite" with <code><cite></code> recommended as the root element. E.g. <code><cite class="hcite"></code>

== Citation vs. [[media-info]] ==

What distinguishes a cite from say [[media-info]] (e.g. [[media-info-examples]]) is that a cite is a reference to something explicitly external to the current piece of content or document, whereas [[media-info]] describes information about content embedded or inline in the current document.

== Semantic Meaning ==
One of the guiding priniciple of Microformats is to use the most semantically rich element to describe each node (Point 2 of Semantic XHTML Design Principles: Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc). Since we are dealing with HTML and citations, several elements are candidates to be used to enrich the semantic meaning. [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/text.html CITE, BLOCKQUOTE, Q, A], (are there more?)

The [[citation-brainstorming|Citation Brainstorming Page]] has a few development and ideas about how to give another person credit for a link. Some of the semantic ideas behind their choices of tags can be applied to a full bibliographic type reference. ''Does this sentence make sense only historically? -Mike''

== OCLC's WorldCat for titles ==
Question: what about using something like OCLC's [http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/isbnissnlinking/default.htm WorldCat] for linking titles? - Tim White

== This and That ==
After reading through alot of different citation encoding formats, i noticed that each format was being used in onw of two ways. It was either to describe the Current page (THIS.PAGE) or being used to encode references that point to external resources (THAT.PAGE)

The informatation being encoded was identical for both resources (author, date, name, etc) they just reference different things. For this microformat, i'm not sure if we want to try to solve both problems, or just one? The meta tags in the head element would be the ideal place for information about the THIS.PAGE, but that is not in following with the ideals of microformats where information is human-readable. The THAT.PAGE idea where a list of references is at the end of a document in the form of a bibliography is more inline with the ideals of a microformat where the data is human-readable. That doesn't mean that data about the current document shouldn't be human-readable, so some of the same properties used to reference extermal resources can be used for the current document (THIS.PAGE). To do this a different root item could be used and transforming applications could either extract the citation data about the current page, or information about this page's references.

This is open for discussion, but either way, i believe that the properties used to describe a page will be the same for both THIS and THAT. [http://suda.co.uk/ brian suda]

== More on This and That ==

Citation microformats are being explored as a possibility for citing genealogical information at [http://eatslikeahuman.blogspot.com Dan Lawyer's blog].

This is a case where frequently the citation would refer to (THIS.PAGE), but would have nested within it a reference to (THAT.PAGE), possibly a few levels deep. For instance, a web page might contain data extracted from a microfilm of a census. The citation would need to include information about the web page, information about the microfilm, and information about the census. Genealogical citations are expected to include the repository (where can this book or microfilm be found. Is this the same as ''venue''?). So, at each level the information should contain the repository of the referenced item. A nesting (recursive) mechanism for citation microformats would be useful in this case. Is this the function of the "container" element in the Straw Format?

== Date Formatting ==
Since microformats are all about re-use and the accepted way to encode Date-Time has been pretty much settled, then this is a good place to start when dealing with all the different date citation types.

These are all the different fields from various citation formats that are of temporal nature:
* Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)
* originInfo/dateIssued
* originInfo/dateCreated
* originInfo/dateCaptured
* originInfo/dateOther
* month
* year
* Copyright Year
* Date - Generic
* Date of Confernce
* Date of Publication
* Date of update/revisou/issuance of database record
* Former Date
* Entry Date for Database Record
* Database Update
* Year of Publication

There are several common properties across several citation domains and will certainly be in the citation microformat, the unique instances will need further consideration, otherwise there could be no end to posiblities.

There are also several properties (year, month, Year of publication) that can be extracted from another source. Therefore, if you only encode a more specific property such as; Date of Publication, you can extract the 'year of publication' from that. Since the date-time format we are modeling after is the ISO date-time format, just the Year portion is an acceptable date. So if you ONLY know the year of publication, the you can form a valid 'Date of Publication' as a microformat (which inturn is a valid 'year of publication') - you milage may vary when it comes to importing into citation applications.

...

It seems to me that these can be collapsed to maybe one or two different date properties. As far as the specific human readable formatting of the date, that can be chosen per whatever the presentation style guide says, and the [[datetime-design-pattern]] used to simplify the markup. - Tantek

'''Important'''
Sometimes we need a date range and not simply a date (e.g. 4-6 May 2006). See ''Conference Citation'' examples later on this page. - Discoleo

== Tags ==
Some of the citation formats has a place for 'keywords' or 'generic tags', etc. This might be a good place to re-use the [http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-tag RelTag microformat]. The downside would be that they are then forced to be links, which might be the correct way to mark-up these terms.

== MARC / MODS / Dublin Core ==

The MODS ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgmods.xml example]) and Dublin Core ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgdc.xml example]) transformations of MARC21 may contain some useful ideas.

Here's a first attempt at rewriting the linked examples in XHTML (written in response to a [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-December/002438.html mailing list query about encoding book information with microformats]):

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="book" lang="en">
<h3 class="fn">Arithmetic /</h3>
<p>By <span class="creator"><span class="fn">Sandburg, Carl</span>,
<span class="date">1878-1967</span></span>,
and <span class="illustrator">Rand, Ted</span></p>
<p>Publisher: <span class="publisher"><span class="fn">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</span>,
<span class="locality">San Diego</span></span></p>
<p>Published: <span class="issued">1993</span></p>
<p class="description">A poem about numbers and their characteristics. Features
anamorphic, or distorted, drawings which can be restored to normal by viewing
from a particular angle or by viewing the image's reflection in the provided
Mylar cone.</p>
<p class="note">One Mylar sheet included in pocket.</p>
<p>Subjects:</p>
<ul>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">Children's poetry, American.</li>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">American poetry</li>
<li class="subject">Visual perception</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== Basic Citation Stuctures ==
There are basic structures to any citation, this is an overview of some of the types
[http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html]

== Concerns not addressed by existing formats ==

There are some aspects '''NOT adequately''' covered by existing formats. I have addressed this issue on the OpenOffice.org wiki page, too. [see http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Bibliographic_Database for an extending discussion, the paragraph on ''Reference Types'']

These issues pertain mainly to '''Errata''', '''Comments and Authors Reply''' and '''Article Retractions'''.
* a bidirectional link could be necessary to implement these features (original article <=> eratum, reply, retraction letter)
* '''IMPORTANT: Errata'''
** Erata: one or more Corrections might be posted in various issues of the journal
** this is usually cited as: Orininal Article Citation Data (Correction available in ''Journal, Issue Nr, Year, Pages'') (repeat for more than one correction)
** it is possibly never cited alone
** there should be a link to the original article, while the original article should contain a link to this ''Errata''
* '''IMPORTANT: Commentary and Author Reply'''
** similar to Errata, there might be one or more Comments and Author Replys; this should be stored, too
** however, it is usually not included in the original citation
** it might be used however in a citation, but I do not know exaclty how to cite it optimally (original article should be provided as well)
* '''IMPORTANT: Article Retraction'''
** an article may be retracted because of plagiarism or some other flaw
** this should not be used any further in the research
** however, it might be used e.g. for an article on plagiarism or flawed research
** there should be therefore one field storing this information, too, and a link to:
** the published withdrawal letter (which explains why the article was retracted)

* this issue may need a time-controlled event
* '''IMPORTANT: electronic publishing ahead of print (EPUB)'''
** more and more articles are initially posted online, before the published article gets actually printed
** How should this be used/cited?
** Is this changed, after the print version becomes available?

== Outstanding Issues ==
The 3 main points i (Brian) came across so far are:
1) IDENTIFIERS
2) FORMAT TYPES
3) NESTING

1) In hCard/hCalendar there is a UID field. Added with URL it makes for a great unique identifier. There are loads of other identifers besides URL, ISBN, LOC call number, SKU, ISSN, etc. Many of these are unique in their domain, but not globally unique. So how to they get marked-up? Much like the hCard TEL/ADR properties, we can use something like:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="uid"><span class="type">ISBN</span>: <span
class="value">123456</span></div>
</nowiki>
</pre>
This makes the encoding the most extensible... if we start use class="isbn" then it is an enumerated list, with class="type" it is open ended.

2) I keep mis-using "format", format is the medium - hardback, softback. The TYPE (there probably is a better word - container?) is book, article, conference, manifesto, etc. Much like the identifers we can make an enumerated list of values, class="book", class="article", but that boxes us in, whereas something like: <pre><nowiki><span class="type">article</span></nowiki></pre> leaves things more open.

3) Nesting citation data in a citation. The ability to nest the same microformat inside itself is something that other microformats don't explicitly handle.

The two options are:
i) Using class="book"
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="hcite">
<div class="book">
<span class="fn">Book Title</span>
<div class="chapter">
<span class="fn">Chapter Title</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki>
</pre>

This makes things easy to nest and to figure out exactly what is
associated with what, but the downside is that we have enumerated
lists of values for the class properties.

ii) using the TYPE for book
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="hcite">
<div class="type">book</div>
<span class="fn">Book Title</span>
<div class="type">chapter</div>
<span class="fn">Chapter Title</span>
</div>
</nowiki>
</pre>

now the class="fn" is not nested inside the class="book" or
class="chapter" so there would have to be some other mechanism to
associate the data with the type.

== Brian's Straw format ==

=== implied schema (examples) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ journal
+ volume
+ issue
+ page
+ edition
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ copyright
- audience

=== implied schema (formats) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ volume
+ pages
+ edition
+ issue
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ date copyrighted
- subtitle
- image
- excerpt
- index terms
- series title
- publication
- journal
- part (1 of X)

UNION of the two schemas
+ (PLUS) means common properties
- (MINUS) means unique to the schema

=== Example ===
<pre>
<nowiki>
<ul class="bibliography">
<li class="hcite" xml:lang="en-gb">


<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class="fn org">ABC Publishing Co.</span>
<span class="country-name">United Kingdom</span>
...
</div>


<div class="creator vcard">
<span class="fn n"><span class="given-name">John <span class="family-name">Doe</span></span>
...
</div>


<span class="fn">Foobar!</span>
<span class="description">World Class Book about foobar</span>
<span class="volume">1</span>
<span class="issue">1</span>
<span class="edition">1</span>
<span class="pages">1-10</span>
<span class="format">article</span>


<span class="identifier">12345678</span>


<a class="keyword" rel="tag" href="/tags/foo">foo</a>
<span class="keyword">bar</span>


Published <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">January 1st 1006</abbr>
Copyright <abbr class="copyright" title="20060101">2006</abbr>
</li>
...
</ul>

<p class="citation">Have you read <span class="title"><abbr title="book" class="format">Foo Bar</abbr></span>?
It was written by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">John Doe</span></span>.
It only came out a <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">few months ago</abbr></p>
</nowiki>
</pre>

Note: the "format" property above is incorrect. Format would refer more the physical characteristics of an item, rather than its type or genre (e.g. "article", "book", etc.). I'd rather have the main class for the li be "article" in this context, than the fairly meaningless "citation." Of course, one could have both, which would be fine too. -- bruce

Note: Could we use ROLE from hCard to identify editors, translators, authors, etc?
This was discussed on the mailing list and the idea was dropped [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-September/005694.html]

'''Comments''' : [[User:Singpolyma|singpolyma]] 08:03, 16 Jun 2006 (PDT) : keywords should be [[rel-tag]], and probably also [[XOXO]] (the same way the citation list is)

== Mike straw format suggestion ==

In the interests of starting debate and having something concrete to fix, I suggest the following structure for a format. It is probably very incomplete and I claim no microformat expertise. I'm just trying to follow existing patterns. Comments and ridicule are both solicited. -Mike

=== In General ===

The ''citation'' format is based on a set of fields common to many bibliographic data formats, which are often implied by standard citation display styles but not explicitly marked up in practice on the web.

=== Schema ===

The citation schema consists of the following:

* cite
** title: required, text (class = fn)
** subtitle: optional, text
** authors: optional, use hCard
** publication date: optional
** link(s) to instantiations, optional, url or use rel-enclosure? (class=url)
** UID, optional (for ISBN, DOI - use existing uid class) | permalink
** series (aka volume/issuenum) , optional (''not as sure how to handle these - suggestions?'')
** pages: startpage & endpage, optional, text
** venue, optional (hCard)
** publisher, optional (hCard)
** container: optional (nested hCite)
** abstract, optional (blockquote + class="abstract" ?)
** notes, optional (blockquote + class="notes" ?)
** keywords, optional (rel-tag)
** image, optional (for inclusion inline, unlike the url)
** copyright, optional (rel-license)
** ''what else am I missing?''
*** language, optional

''Looks good, but I question the use of hCard for names. Due to ambiguity issues, requring hCard would lead to extra markup in order to apply just a name, hence [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003487.html the need for a root element]. We should extract the N optimization of hCard like we did with adr, in order to ease this problem.'' --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

Perhaps a Retrieved Date or Access Date would be appropriate for citing online resources. For example at http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html
you see citations like this<nowiki>:</nowiki>
<blockquote>
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
</blockquote>
--[[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]]

=== Examples ===

The following are translations into the ''citation'' format.

Note: some of these are just placeholders right now. Please feel free to fill them in!

==== Citing Private Communication ====
* published-date seems a weird fit, but it works...
private communication, Michael Jordan, May 2004

Needs a formatted example.

==== Citing Legal Cases ====
Needs an example. Here's some info I found about citing law:

I'm not a lawyer, so I'm relying on the published [http://www.legalbluebook.com "blue book" standard], at least the only part of it I can get without paying $25. I'd be happy to hear improvements from experts in the field - how do lawyers mark up references to case law in HTML now?

From groklaw.net and eff.org, I find mostly just links to PDFs with the name of the case as the link text. Or just this, from EFF:
<pre><nowiki>
<h1>The Betamax Case</h1>
<h2>Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)</h2>
</nowiki></pre>

From an example at the sample bluepages: http://www.legalbluebook.com/pdfs/bluepages.pdf
5 basic components:
*1 name of the case (citation title)
*2 published source in which case may be found (citation containing publication?)
*3 a parenthetical indicating the court and year of decision (citation venue?)
*4 other parenthetical information, if any (citation notes?)
*5 subsequent history of the case, if any (citation notes?)

Here's two examples from the bluebook. Note that there are very strict rules about abbreviations in that source!

Holland v. Donnelly, 216 F. Supp. 2d 227, 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2002), aff'd, 324 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2003).

Green v. Georgia, 442 U.S. 95, 97 (1979) (per curiam) (holding that exclusion of relevant evidence at sentencing hearing constitutes denial of due process).

==== Citing a Book ====

needs an example

==== Citing a journal article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a magazine article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a Patent ====

Patents are often just cited by number. Here's a citation that accomplishes the same thing with some extra information:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/search-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=tevanian&OS=tevanian&RS=tevanian">US Patent #6,704,928</a>
<span class="author vcard">Richard Shann</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20000828T0000-0500">August 28, 2000</abbr>
<blockquote class="abstract">
An executable program is prepared from a plurality of object code modules, at least one of the object code modules including section data specifying a plurality of code sequences each associated with relocation instructions identifying condition parameters. Only one of the code sequences is selected for inclusion in the executable program, determined by whether the condition for that parameter is satisfied. A linker for preparing the executable program includes a stack, a relocation module for reading the relocations, carrying out the relocation operations and selecting code sequences for inclusion in the executable program in dependence on values taken from the stack, a section data module for holding section data which is subject to the relocation operations, and a program forming module for preparing executable programs. Also disclosed is a method of assembling an object code module such that the assembled object code module includes the conditional code sequences.</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing a conference publication====

Based on the following reference, plus some more information from the ACM site and a little of my own input (the tags)

L. Hochstein, J. Carver, F. Shull, S. Asgari, V. Basili, J. K. Hollingsworth, and M. Zelkowitz, “Hpc programmer productivity: A case study of novice hpc programmers,” in Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, 2005.

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<span class="author vcard">Lorin Hochstein</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeff Carver </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Forrest Shull </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Sima Asgari</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Victor Basili</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth</span>, and
<span class="author vcard"> Marv Zelkowitz</span>,
<a class="fn url" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">HPC Programmer Productivity: A Case Study of Novice HPC Programmers</a>.
<cite class="container citation">
<a class="fn url" href="">Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20051126T0000-0800">2005</abbr>
</cite>
page <span class="startpage">35</span>
<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class=" fn">IEEE Computer Society
</span>
<div class="adr">
<span class="locality">Washington</span>,
<span class="region">DC</span>
</div>
</div>
<a class="url instantiation" href="http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1105800&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68330711&CFTOKEN=39187329">PDF of full text from ACM</a>

DOI: <a class="url uid" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">10.1109/SC.2005.53</a>
Tags: <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/productivity" rel="tag">productivity</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/hpc" rel="tag">hpc</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/performance" rel="tag">performance</a>
<blockquote class="abstract">In developing High-Performance Computing (HPC) software, time to solution is an important metric. This metric is comprised of two main components: the human effort required developing the software, plus the amount of machine time required to execute it. To date, little empirical work has been done to study the first component: the human effort required and the effects of approaches and practices that may be used to reduce it. In this paper, we describe a series of studies that address this problem. We instrumented the development process used in multiple HPC classroom environments. We analyzed data within and across such studies, varying factors such as the parallel programming model used and the application being developed, to understand their impact on the development process.
</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

'''IMPORTANT'''
* sometimes, the citation must include '''Town/Country''' and '''Precise Date/Date Range''', e.g.
** ''Gillespie SH, Dickens A.'' Variation in mutation rate of quinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae [abstract P06-17A]. In: Abstracts of the 3rd International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Disease (Anchorage, 5-9 May 2002).Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology, 2002.
** ''Bassetti, M.; Righi, E.; Rebesco, B.; Molinari, MP.; Costa, A.; Fasce, R.; Cruciani, M.; Bassetti, D.; Bobbio Pallavicini, F.'' 44th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). Washington, DC; 2004. Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in ICU: A five-year Italian perspective.
** ''Peacock JE, Wade JC, Lazarus HM, et al.'' Ciprofloxacin/piperacillin vs. tobramycin/piperacillin as empiric therapy for fever in neutropenic cancer patients, a randomized, double-blind trial [abstract 373]. In: Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1997.

==== Citing an external website ====

This is based on a formal citation of a website in the references section of a research paper, but could also be used for in-line links that had added information. Here's the original:

[25] David Stern, "eprint Moderator Model", http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html (version dated Jan 25, 1999)

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html">eprint Moderator Model</a>
<span class="author vcard">
<a href="http://pantheon.yale.edu/~dstern/dsbio.html" class="url fn">David Stern</a>
</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="19990125T0000-0500">
Jan 25, 1999
</abbr>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

== discussions ==

* [[citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09]]

citation-brainstorming

2006-10-06T00:22:17Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Use Cases */

<h1> Citation Brainstroming </h1>

__TOC__

== Contributors ==

* ...
* ... (a bunch of good folks!)
* Tantek Çelik
* Tim White
* Michael McCracken

== See also ==
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-examples]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-faq]]

== Use Cases ==

To focus the discussion, please add use cases below that will help show what problems the citation microformat will be solving.

I've included two, focusing on consuming information - I've assumed that use cases for generating microformatted content would just involve the desire to enable your content to be consumed better, but I'm interested to see if there's something I'm missing here -Mike

=== Acquiring reference information from the web ===

A user either finds an author's papers page, or is viewing the results of a search and would like to import the information about the displayed papers into their local reference database, for the purposes of cataloging things they've read, adding notes, and using the information to generate later citations, potentially in other forms, such as BibTeX or Docbook, for inclusion in a publication of their own.

Notes: In this case, it isn't important to the user what format the citation takes as displayed on the page where they find it. What *is* important is that it contains enough information to allow generation of the format they will ultimately re-publish it in. This implies that it may be worthwhile to err a little on the side of verbosity.

Also, links to downloadable full representations of the cited work are very important - e.g. a link to the PDF of a journal article, or to a music file.

=== Subscribing to reading lists, periodicals, etc ===

I would like to be able to leverage my news aggregator with hAtom to subscribe to a remote source for citation information, for example:

* a reading list for a seminar
* The publication list for a conference (e.g., subscribe to SIGGRAPH and see the updated conference proceedings every year)
* the issues of a journal
* a particular research group or researcher's publications
* Not just research: a popular author's publications (e.g., [http://www.gladwell.com/archive.html Malcolm Gladwell's Archive])

=== Aggregating reading lists and reviews ===

A citation microformat-specific aggregator could provide a decentralized version of [http://citeulike.org/ CiteULike]. Libraries, authors, research groups, and publishers could mark up their collections, while other people on weblogs or review sites could add tags and reviews.

At least, having a well-adopted microformat would make writing tools like CiteULike much better, since it relies in some cases on screen-scraping publisher web-sites.

=== Cut & Paste from web pages ===
Capturing/copying HTML from web pages for use in other applications (especially when those apps present HTML as output), such as pasting into Word, or a specialized application like [http://www.google.com/notebook Google Notebook], [http://onfolio.com Onfolio] or [http://www.kaboodle.com Kaboodle]. When such captures are made, it makes sense to keep track of the full citation data, including the date it was accessed, which may or may not be the date it was published.

=== Blogs quoting other resources, including blogs ===
Any blog that cites any other onlin content, whether a blog or news article, it could use an hCitation to properly link to the cited reference. Such citations, I would argue, should include the access date when the blogger made the citation, because we all know that the resources on the other side of those links can change without notice.

Instead, today we have simple formating with a link to the permaURL. The citation data is completely lacking. See [http://doc.weblogs.com Doc Searl's blog] for a style of referencing that could benefit from proper a citation uF.

Fascinating... after I added the last two use cases, I realized they focus on potentially marginal cases. The first because it is missing the "output" part of the cut & paste, where the uF would actually be used as part of the paste. The latter because bloggers have a working citation mechanism that is just a link to the URL (hopefully a permaURL). One could argue they wouldn't want a full hCitation. And in fact, until a tool exists that makes it easy, they probably won't. However, a tool that cuts & pastes from anywhere on the web into a blog with a full citation seems like a nice tool. But again, I'm not really paving the cowpaths with these ideas. -Joe Andrieu

== Original hBib Discussion ==

During the WWW2005 Developer's Day [[microformats]] track, Rohit Khare gave a [[presentations|presentation]] where he discussed the microformats [[process]], and then did a quick demonstration wherein a bunch of us got on a shared Subethaedit document, and brainstormed some thoughts on what an "hBib" bibliography citation microformat would look like. Rohit placed the [http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html document on his Commercenet site].

* http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html

''An attempt to summarize and inline the linked document follows. -Mike''

Two major goals were outlined by the group:

* Avoid re-keying references
* Adapt to new journal styles by changing CSS

The fundamental problem was discussed in terms of display - the ability to transform XHTML+hBib into the many journal-specific formats. For example, how to display "et.al" when all authors are present in the source, and how to re-order the elements if a style defines a set order of elements that conflicts with the ordering in the source. Using hCard for authors was agreed on, and the beginnings of an example were shown.

== XHTML Structure ==
With my exprience working X2V and hCa* has taught me what elememts are easy to find and which are not. Since the Citation microformat is very new it is possible to not make a lot of the same errors twice and to make things easier for extracting application to find and imply certain properties.

* There should be some sort of 'root node' that implies all child elements are for the Citation microformat.
* Since most people will have multiple Citation there should be away to represent each Citation object as a unqiue block independant of another. This is to keep the parse from finding 'author' and applying to all citations. Each citation should be in a container (class="???") that scoped from others.
* Perhaps class="hcite" with <code><cite></code> recommended as the root element. E.g. <code><cite class="hcite"></code>

== Citation vs. [[media-info]] ==

What distinguishes a cite from say [[media-info]] (e.g. [[media-info-examples]]) is that a cite is a reference to something explicitly external to the current piece of content or document, whereas [[media-info]] describes information about content embedded or inline in the current document.

== Semantic Meaning ==
One of the guiding priniciple of Microformats is to use the most semantically rich element to describe each node (Point 2 of Semantic XHTML Design Principles: Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc). Since we are dealing with HTML and citations, several elements are candidates to be used to enrich the semantic meaning. [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/text.html CITE, BLOCKQUOTE, Q, A], (are there more?)

The [[citation-brainstorming|Citation Brainstorming Page]] has a few development and ideas about how to give another person credit for a link. Some of the semantic ideas behind their choices of tags can be applied to a full bibliographic type reference. ''Does this sentence make sense only historically? -Mike''

== OCLC's WorldCat for titles ==
Question: what about using something like OCLC's [http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/isbnissnlinking/default.htm WorldCat] for linking titles? - Tim White

== This and That ==
After reading through alot of different citation encoding formats, i noticed that each format was being used in onw of two ways. It was either to describe the Current page (THIS.PAGE) or being used to encode references that point to external resources (THAT.PAGE)

The informatation being encoded was identical for both resources (author, date, name, etc) they just reference different things. For this microformat, i'm not sure if we want to try to solve both problems, or just one? The meta tags in the head element would be the ideal place for information about the THIS.PAGE, but that is not in following with the ideals of microformats where information is human-readable. The THAT.PAGE idea where a list of references is at the end of a document in the form of a bibliography is more inline with the ideals of a microformat where the data is human-readable. That doesn't mean that data about the current document shouldn't be human-readable, so some of the same properties used to reference extermal resources can be used for the current document (THIS.PAGE). To do this a different root item could be used and transforming applications could either extract the citation data about the current page, or information about this page's references.

This is open for discussion, but either way, i believe that the properties used to describe a page will be the same for both THIS and THAT. [http://suda.co.uk/ brian suda]

== More on This and That ==

Citation microformats are being explored as a possibility for citing genealogical information at [http://eatslikeahuman.blogspot.com Dan Lawyer's blog].

This is a case where frequently the citation would refer to (THIS.PAGE), but would have nested within it a reference to (THAT.PAGE), possibly a few levels deep. For instance, a web page might contain data extracted from a microfilm of a census. The citation would need to include information about the web page, information about the microfilm, and information about the census. Genealogical citations are expected to include the repository (where can this book or microfilm be found. Is this the same as ''venue''?). So, at each level the information should contain the repository of the referenced item. A nesting (recursive) mechanism for citation microformats would be useful in this case. Is this the function of the "container" element in the Straw Format?

== Date Formatting ==
Since microformats are all about re-use and the accepted way to encode Date-Time has been pretty much settled, then this is a good place to start when dealing with all the different date citation types.

These are all the different fields from various citation formats that are of temporal nature:
* Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)
* originInfo/dateIssued
* originInfo/dateCreated
* originInfo/dateCaptured
* originInfo/dateOther
* month
* year
* Copyright Year
* Date - Generic
* Date of Confernce
* Date of Publication
* Date of update/revisou/issuance of database record
* Former Date
* Entry Date for Database Record
* Database Update
* Year of Publication

There are several common properties across several citation domains and will certainly be in the citation microformat, the unique instances will need further consideration, otherwise there could be no end to posiblities.

There are also several properties (year, month, Year of publication) that can be extracted from another source. Therefore, if you only encode a more specific property such as; Date of Publication, you can extract the 'year of publication' from that. Since the date-time format we are modeling after is the ISO date-time format, just the Year portion is an acceptable date. So if you ONLY know the year of publication, the you can form a valid 'Date of Publication' as a microformat (which inturn is a valid 'year of publication') - you milage may vary when it comes to importing into citation applications.

...

It seems to me that these can be collapsed to maybe one or two different date properties. As far as the specific human readable formatting of the date, that can be chosen per whatever the presentation style guide says, and the [[datetime-design-pattern]] used to simplify the markup. - Tantek

'''Important'''
Sometimes we need a date range and not simply a date (e.g. 4-6 May 2006). See ''Conference Citation'' examples later on this page. - Discoleo

== Tags ==
Some of the citation formats has a place for 'keywords' or 'generic tags', etc. This might be a good place to re-use the [http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-tag RelTag microformat]. The downside would be that they are then forced to be links, which might be the correct way to mark-up these terms.

== MARC / MODS / Dublin Core ==

The MODS ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgmods.xml example]) and Dublin Core ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgdc.xml example]) transformations of MARC21 may contain some useful ideas.

Here's a first attempt at rewriting the linked examples in XHTML (written in response to a [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-December/002438.html mailing list query about encoding book information with microformats]):

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="book" lang="en">
<h3 class="fn">Arithmetic /</h3>
<p>By <span class="creator"><span class="fn">Sandburg, Carl</span>,
<span class="date">1878-1967</span></span>,
and <span class="illustrator">Rand, Ted</span></p>
<p>Publisher: <span class="publisher"><span class="fn">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</span>,
<span class="locality">San Diego</span></span></p>
<p>Published: <span class="issued">1993</span></p>
<p class="description">A poem about numbers and their characteristics. Features
anamorphic, or distorted, drawings which can be restored to normal by viewing
from a particular angle or by viewing the image's reflection in the provided
Mylar cone.</p>
<p class="note">One Mylar sheet included in pocket.</p>
<p>Subjects:</p>
<ul>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">Children's poetry, American.</li>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">American poetry</li>
<li class="subject">Visual perception</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== Basic Citation Stuctures ==
There are basic structures to any citation, this is an overview of some of the types
[http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html]

== Concerns not addressed by existing formats ==

There are some aspects '''NOT adequately''' covered by existing formats. I have addressed this issue on the OpenOffice.org wiki page, too. [see http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Bibliographic_Database for an extending discussion, the paragraph on ''Reference Types'']

These issues pertain mainly to '''Errata''', '''Comments and Authors Reply''' and '''Article Retractions'''.
* a bidirectional link could be necessary to implement these features (original article <=> eratum, reply, retraction letter)
* '''IMPORTANT: Errata'''
** Erata: one or more Corrections might be posted in various issues of the journal
** this is usually cited as: Orininal Article Citation Data (Correction available in ''Journal, Issue Nr, Year, Pages'') (repeat for more than one correction)
** it is possibly never cited alone
** there should be a link to the original article, while the original article should contain a link to this ''Errata''
* '''IMPORTANT: Commentary and Author Reply'''
** similar to Errata, there might be one or more Comments and Author Replys; this should be stored, too
** however, it is usually not included in the original citation
** it might be used however in a citation, but I do not know exaclty how to cite it optimally (original article should be provided as well)
* '''IMPORTANT: Article Retraction'''
** an article may be retracted because of plagiarism or some other flaw
** this should not be used any further in the research
** however, it might be used e.g. for an article on plagiarism or flawed research
** there should be therefore one field storing this information, too, and a link to:
** the published withdrawal letter (which explains why the article was retracted)

* this issue may need a time-controlled event
* '''IMPORTANT: electronic publishing ahead of print (EPUB)'''
** more and more articles are initially posted online, before the published article gets actually printed
** How should this be used/cited?
** Is this changed, after the print version becomes available?

== Outstanding Issues ==
The 3 main points i (Brian) came across so far are:
1) IDENTIFIERS
2) FORMAT TYPES
3) NESTING

1) In hCard/hCalendar there is a UID field. Added with URL it makes for a great unique identifier. There are loads of other identifers besides URL, ISBN, LOC call number, SKU, ISSN, etc. Many of these are unique in their domain, but not globally unique. So how to they get marked-up? Much like the hCard TEL/ADR properties, we can use something like:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="uid"><span class="type">ISBN</span>: <span
class="value">123456</span></div>
</nowiki>
</pre>
This makes the encoding the most extensible... if we start use class="isbn" then it is an enumerated list, with class="type" it is open ended.

2) I keep mis-using "format", format is the medium - hardback, softback. The TYPE (there probably is a better word - container?) is book, article, conference, manifesto, etc. Much like the identifers we can make an enumerated list of values, class="book", class="article", but that boxes us in, whereas something like: <pre><nowiki><span class="type">article</span></nowiki></pre> leaves things more open.

3) Nesting citation data in a citation. The ability to nest the same microformat inside itself is something that other microformats don't explicitly handle.

The two options are:
i) Using class="book"
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="hcite">
<div class="book">
<span class="fn">Book Title</span>
<div class="chapter">
<span class="fn">Chapter Title</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki>
</pre>

This makes things easy to nest and to figure out exactly what is
associated with what, but the downside is that we have enumerated
lists of values for the class properties.

ii) using the TYPE for book
<pre>
<nowiki>
<div class="hcite">
<div class="type">book</div>
<span class="fn">Book Title</span>
<div class="type">chapter</div>
<span class="fn">Chapter Title</span>
</div>
</nowiki>
</pre>

now the class="fn" is not nested inside the class="book" or
class="chapter" so there would have to be some other mechanism to
associate the data with the type.

== Brian's Straw format ==

=== implied schema (examples) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ journal
+ volume
+ issue
+ page
+ edition
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ copyright
- audience

=== implied schema (formats) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ volume
+ pages
+ edition
+ issue
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ date copyrighted
- subtitle
- image
- excerpt
- index terms
- series title
- publication
- journal
- part (1 of X)

UNION of the two schemas
+ (PLUS) means common properties
- (MINUS) means unique to the schema

=== Example ===
<pre>
<nowiki>
<ul class="bibliography">
<li class="hcite" xml:lang="en-gb">


<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class="fn org">ABC Publishing Co.</span>
<span class="country-name">United Kingdom</span>
...
</div>


<div class="creator vcard">
<span class="fn n"><span class="given-name">John <span class="family-name">Doe</span></span>
...
</div>


<span class="fn">Foobar!</span>
<span class="description">World Class Book about foobar</span>
<span class="volume">1</span>
<span class="issue">1</span>
<span class="edition">1</span>
<span class="pages">1-10</span>
<span class="format">article</span>


<span class="identifier">12345678</span>


<a class="keyword" rel="tag" href="/tags/foo">foo</a>
<span class="keyword">bar</span>


Published <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">January 1st 1006</abbr>
Copyright <abbr class="copyright" title="20060101">2006</abbr>
</li>
...
</ul>

<p class="citation">Have you read <span class="title"><abbr title="book" class="format">Foo Bar</abbr></span>?
It was written by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">John Doe</span></span>.
It only came out a <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">few months ago</abbr></p>
</nowiki>
</pre>

Note: the "format" property above is incorrect. Format would refer more the physical characteristics of an item, rather than its type or genre (e.g. "article", "book", etc.). I'd rather have the main class for the li be "article" in this context, than the fairly meaningless "citation." Of course, one could have both, which would be fine too. -- bruce

Note: Could we use ROLE from hCard to identify editors, translators, authors, etc?
This was discussed on the mailing list and the idea was dropped [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-September/005694.html]

'''Comments''' : [[User:Singpolyma|singpolyma]] 08:03, 16 Jun 2006 (PDT) : keywords should be [[rel-tag]], and probably also [[XOXO]] (the same way the citation list is)

== Mike straw format suggestion ==

In the interests of starting debate and having something concrete to fix, I suggest the following structure for a format. It is probably very incomplete and I claim no microformat expertise. I'm just trying to follow existing patterns. Comments and ridicule are both solicited. -Mike

=== In General ===

The ''citation'' format is based on a set of fields common to many bibliographic data formats, which are often implied by standard citation display styles but not explicitly marked up in practice on the web.

=== Schema ===

The citation schema consists of the following:

* cite
** title: required, text (class = fn)
** subtitle: optional, text
** authors: optional, use hCard
** publication date: optional
** link(s) to instantiations, optional, url or use rel-enclosure? (class=url)
** UID, optional (for ISBN, DOI - use existing uid class) | permalink
** series (aka volume/issuenum) , optional (''not as sure how to handle these - suggestions?'')
** pages: startpage & endpage, optional, text
** venue, optional (hCard)
** publisher, optional (hCard)
** container: optional (nested hCite)
** abstract, optional (blockquote + class="abstract" ?)
** notes, optional (blockquote + class="notes" ?)
** keywords, optional (rel-tag)
** image, optional (for inclusion inline, unlike the url)
** copyright, optional (rel-license)
** ''what else am I missing?''
*** language, optional

''Looks good, but I question the use of hCard for names. Due to ambiguity issues, requring hCard would lead to extra markup in order to apply just a name, hence [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003487.html the need for a root element]. We should extract the N optimization of hCard like we did with adr, in order to ease this problem.'' --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

Perhaps a Retrieved Date or Access Date would be appropriate for citing online resources. For example at http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html
you see citations like this<nowiki>:</nowiki>
<blockquote>
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
</blockquote>
--[[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]]

=== Examples ===

The following are translations into the ''citation'' format.

Note: some of these are just placeholders right now. Please feel free to fill them in!

==== Citing Private Communication ====
* published-date seems a weird fit, but it works...
private communication, Michael Jordan, May 2004

Needs a formatted example.

==== Citing Legal Cases ====
Needs an example. Here's some info I found about citing law:

I'm not a lawyer, so I'm relying on the published [http://www.legalbluebook.com "blue book" standard], at least the only part of it I can get without paying $25. I'd be happy to hear improvements from experts in the field - how do lawyers mark up references to case law in HTML now?

From groklaw.net and eff.org, I find mostly just links to PDFs with the name of the case as the link text. Or just this, from EFF:
<pre><nowiki>
<h1>The Betamax Case</h1>
<h2>Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)</h2>
</nowiki></pre>

From an example at the sample bluepages: http://www.legalbluebook.com/pdfs/bluepages.pdf
5 basic components:
*1 name of the case (citation title)
*2 published source in which case may be found (citation containing publication?)
*3 a parenthetical indicating the court and year of decision (citation venue?)
*4 other parenthetical information, if any (citation notes?)
*5 subsequent history of the case, if any (citation notes?)

Here's two examples from the bluebook. Note that there are very strict rules about abbreviations in that source!

Holland v. Donnelly, 216 F. Supp. 2d 227, 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2002), aff'd, 324 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2003).

Green v. Georgia, 442 U.S. 95, 97 (1979) (per curiam) (holding that exclusion of relevant evidence at sentencing hearing constitutes denial of due process).

==== Citing a Book ====

needs an example

==== Citing a journal article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a magazine article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a Patent ====

Patents are often just cited by number. Here's a citation that accomplishes the same thing with some extra information:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/search-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=tevanian&OS=tevanian&RS=tevanian">US Patent #6,704,928</a>
<span class="author vcard">Richard Shann</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20000828T0000-0500">August 28, 2000</abbr>
<blockquote class="abstract">
An executable program is prepared from a plurality of object code modules, at least one of the object code modules including section data specifying a plurality of code sequences each associated with relocation instructions identifying condition parameters. Only one of the code sequences is selected for inclusion in the executable program, determined by whether the condition for that parameter is satisfied. A linker for preparing the executable program includes a stack, a relocation module for reading the relocations, carrying out the relocation operations and selecting code sequences for inclusion in the executable program in dependence on values taken from the stack, a section data module for holding section data which is subject to the relocation operations, and a program forming module for preparing executable programs. Also disclosed is a method of assembling an object code module such that the assembled object code module includes the conditional code sequences.</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing a conference publication====

Based on the following reference, plus some more information from the ACM site and a little of my own input (the tags)

L. Hochstein, J. Carver, F. Shull, S. Asgari, V. Basili, J. K. Hollingsworth, and M. Zelkowitz, “Hpc programmer productivity: A case study of novice hpc programmers,” in Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, 2005.

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<span class="author vcard">Lorin Hochstein</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeff Carver </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Forrest Shull </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Sima Asgari</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Victor Basili</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth</span>, and
<span class="author vcard"> Marv Zelkowitz</span>,
<a class="fn url" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">HPC Programmer Productivity: A Case Study of Novice HPC Programmers</a>.
<cite class="container citation">
<a class="fn url" href="">Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20051126T0000-0800">2005</abbr>
</cite>
page <span class="startpage">35</span>
<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class=" fn">IEEE Computer Society
</span>
<div class="adr">
<span class="locality">Washington</span>,
<span class="region">DC</span>
</div>
</div>
<a class="url instantiation" href="http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1105800&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68330711&CFTOKEN=39187329">PDF of full text from ACM</a>

DOI: <a class="url uid" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">10.1109/SC.2005.53</a>
Tags: <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/productivity" rel="tag">productivity</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/hpc" rel="tag">hpc</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/performance" rel="tag">performance</a>
<blockquote class="abstract">In developing High-Performance Computing (HPC) software, time to solution is an important metric. This metric is comprised of two main components: the human effort required developing the software, plus the amount of machine time required to execute it. To date, little empirical work has been done to study the first component: the human effort required and the effects of approaches and practices that may be used to reduce it. In this paper, we describe a series of studies that address this problem. We instrumented the development process used in multiple HPC classroom environments. We analyzed data within and across such studies, varying factors such as the parallel programming model used and the application being developed, to understand their impact on the development process.
</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

'''IMPORTANT'''
* sometimes, the citation must include '''Town/Country''' and '''Precise Date/Date Range''', e.g.
** ''Gillespie SH, Dickens A.'' Variation in mutation rate of quinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae [abstract P06-17A]. In: Abstracts of the 3rd International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Disease (Anchorage, 5-9 May 2002).Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology, 2002.
** ''Bassetti, M.; Righi, E.; Rebesco, B.; Molinari, MP.; Costa, A.; Fasce, R.; Cruciani, M.; Bassetti, D.; Bobbio Pallavicini, F.'' 44th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). Washington, DC; 2004. Epidemiological trends in nosocomial candidemia in ICU: A five-year Italian perspective.
** ''Peacock JE, Wade JC, Lazarus HM, et al.'' Ciprofloxacin/piperacillin vs. tobramycin/piperacillin as empiric therapy for fever in neutropenic cancer patients, a randomized, double-blind trial [abstract 373]. In: Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1997.

==== Citing an external website ====

This is based on a formal citation of a website in the references section of a research paper, but could also be used for in-line links that had added information. Here's the original:

[25] David Stern, "eprint Moderator Model", http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html (version dated Jan 25, 1999)

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html">eprint Moderator Model</a>
<span class="author vcard">
<a href="http://pantheon.yale.edu/~dstern/dsbio.html" class="url fn">David Stern</a>
</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="19990125T0000-0500">
Jan 25, 1999
</abbr>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

== discussions ==

* [[citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09]]

citation-formats

2006-10-05T23:55:09Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Implied Schema */

= Citation Formats =

This page will display several different types of citation format types. The idea is to compare what properties are common amonst all of the formats and which ones should be blended into this microformat.

See also:
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]
* [[citation-examples]]
* [[citation-faq]]

== Comparison chart ==
The following chart maps the terms from one implementation to another. This is important because if all the properties are introduced to this microformat, then it's possible to map them to a number of different formats. The table currently only uses Dublin Core, MODS, and bibTeX. Each column has all the properties and their equivalent in each format. If there is no corresponding property, the cell is grey. At the bottom of the list are the unique terms to each format. Dublin Core has basic terms and terms that extend the basic ones. If the property is an extension of a basic term it is in ()'s. MODS uses XML, so any sub-properties are listed in their tree form, property/sub-property.

THIS IS NOT DEFINITIVE, any errors should be corrected. More formats will be added to the list as they are mapped.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Dublin Core</th>
<th>MODS</th>
<th>bibTeX</th>
<th>Z39.80</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Title (alternative)</td>
<td>titleInfo/title<br/>titleInfo/PartNum</td>
<td>booktitle<br/>title<br/>chapter<br/>number<br/>pages<br/>volume<br/>series</td>
<td>Analytic Title<br/>
Collective or Series Title<br/>
Monographic Title<br/>
Work Fraction Title<br/>
Location of Conference<br/>
Main Entry<br/>
Name of Conference<br/>
Number of Meeting<br/>
Other Title<br/>
Parallel Title<br/>
Title Abbriviation<br/>
Title of Conference Proceedings<br/>
Translated Title<br/>
Uniform Title<br/>
Abbriviated Translated Title<br/>
Symposium or Session Title<br/>
Collective or Series Edition<br/>
Video/Film Edition<br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>creator</td>
<td>name/namePart</td>
<td>author<br/>creator</td>
<td>Author, Primary<br/>
Corporate Author, Primary<br/>
Abstract Author<br/>
Authorship Statement<br/>
Acknowledged Supporters<br/>
Assignee for Patents<br/>
Chairperson of Conference<br/>
Director of AV Program<br/>
Other Author<br/>
Reviewed Book Author<br/>
Studio<br/>
Sponsor of Conference<br/>
Staff/Cast<br/>
Symposium Chairperson<br/>
Author Address or Affiliation<br/>
Author Country<br/>
Electronic Address of Author<br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>subject</td>
<td>subject/topic</td>
<td>keywords</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Description (abstract | tableOfContents)</td>
<td>abstract<br/>note<br/>tableOfContents</td>
<td>abstract<br/>annotation<br/>note<br/>contents</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Contributor</td>
<td>name</td>
<td>editor?</td>
<td>Book/Report/Volume Editor<br/>
Producer<br/>
Translator<br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)</td>
<td>originInfo/dateIssued<br/>originInfo/dateCreated<br/>originInfo/dateCaptured<br/>originInfo/dateOther</td>
<td>month<br/>year</td>
<td>Copyright Year<br/>Date-generic<br/>Date of conference<br/>Date of Publication<br/>Date of Update/Revisou/Issuance of Database Record<br/>Former Date<br/>Entry date for Database Record<br/>Database Update<br/>Year of Publication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>typeOfResource<br/>genre</td>
<td>@class<br/>type</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Format (extent | medium)</td>
<td>physicalDescription/internetMediaType<br/>physicalDescription/extent<br/>physicalDescription/form</td>
<td>howpublished</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>identifier (bibliographicCitation)</td>
<td>identifier</td>
<td>ISBN<br/>ISSN<br/>LCCN<br/>URL</td>
<td>ISBN<br/>Identifier<br/>Report Identfier<br/>ISSN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td>relatedItem</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Relation (...)</td>
<td>relatedItem/...</td>
<td>crossRef</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Coverage (spacial | temporal)</td>
<td>subject/temporal<br/>subject/geographic<br/>subject/hierarchicalGeographic<br/>subject/cartographics</td>
<td></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>classifications</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rights (accessRights | license)</td>
<td>accessConditions</td>
<td>copyright</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>publisher</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>publisher</td>
<td>Publisher Name<br/>
Place of Publication<br/>
Country of Publication<br/>
Generic Address<br/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>audience (educationLevel | mediator)</td>
<td>targetAudience</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#999999">accualMethod<br/>accualPeriodicaty<br/>accualPolicy<br/>instrcutionalMethod<br/>provenance<br/>rightsHolder</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">location<br/>extension<br/>recordInfo</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">address<br/>afflilication<br/>location<br/>edition<br/>institution<br/>journal<br/>key<br/>mrnumber<br/>organization<br/>price<br/>school<br/>size</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">(the following need to be mapped to the above rows or left here as other)<br/><br/>
Database Source<br/>
Databse Record Identifier<br/>
Database Producer Name<br/>
Rights Management<br/>
Subfile<br/>
Other Source Identifier<br/>
Vendor Record Identifier<br/>
Database Vendor Name<br/>
Column Number<br/>
Edition<br/>
Frequency of Publication<br/>
Internet Location for Document<br/>
Supplement/Part/Special number identifer<br/>
Issue Identifier<br/>
Location in Work<br/>
Number of the Chapter<br/>
Number in Series<br/>
Volume Identifier<br/>
Section Indentifier<br/>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Dublin Core Metadata ==
[http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core] metadata uses a small vocabulary to describe the data.
* contributor
* coverage
* creator
* date
* description
* format
* identifier
* language
* publisher
* relation
* rights
* source
* subject
* title
* type

From those there are specialised types which are just refinements of the previous, for example:

* abstract refines description.
* accessRights refines rights

[http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-citation-guidelines/ Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in Dublin Core Metadata]

== MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) ==
This is a format developed for the Library of Congress for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications.

[http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/]

(the schema is very big, once i devote the proper time to review it, i will post more about the structure -brian)

== NLM Journal Publishing DTD ==

[http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/2.1/n-fv30.html http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/2.1/n-fv30.html]

The [http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/ NLM Journal Publishing DTD] defines the schema used for publishing journal articles as XML. The <pre><citation></pre> element can be placed with paragraphs or within a <pre><ref-list></pre> element at the end of the article.

"Although the DTD does not enforce it, a citation to a journal article should be tagged with as many as possible of the following, so that PubMed Central, CrossRef, or other matching service can make the citation into a live link:

<table border="1">
<tr><td>source</td><td>The title of a journal, book, conference proceedings, etc. that is the source of the cited material. (Note: In PubMed Central processing, this is typically the MEDLINE abbreviation of the journal name.)</td></tr>
<tr><td>article-title</td><td>Title of the article</td></tr>
<tr><td>volume</td><td>Volume of the journal</td></tr>
<tr><td>issue</td><td>Issue of the journal</td></tr>
<tr><td>fpage</td><td>Page number on which the article starts</td></tr>
<tr><td>name</td><td>Name of an author or editor</td></tr>
<tr><td>year</td><td>Year of publication</td></tr>
<tr><td>month</td><td>Month of publication (if present)</td></tr>
<tr><td>day</td><td>Date of publication (if present)</td></tr>
</table>

The other elements (described [http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/tag-library/2.1/n-fv30.html here]) may be tagged if desired. Use the <source> element for titles of books, conference proceedings, etc."

== XMLResume ==
<pre>
<!ELEMENT pubs (pub+)>
<!ENTITY % pubElements "(artTitle|bookTitle|author|date|pubDate|publisher|pageNums|url)">
<!ELEMENT pub (para | %pubElements;)*>
<!ATTLIST pub id ID #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT artTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT bookTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST author name IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT pubDate (month?, year)> 
<!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA | link | url)*>
<!ELEMENT pageNums (#PCDATA)>
</pre>

* author
* publication date
* publisher
* pages
* title (article/book)
* url

== BibTeX ==
=== Fields Used by Bibtex ===

<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td><strong>abstract:</strong></td>
<td>An abstract of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>address:</b></td>
<td>Publisher's address. For major publishing houses,
just the city is given. For small publishers, you can help the reader by giving the complete address.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>affiliation:</strong></td>
<td>The author's affiliation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>annote:</b></td>
<td>An annotation. It is not used by he standard bibliography styles, but may be used by others that produce an annotated bibliography.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>author:</b></td>
<td>The name(s) of the author(s).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>booktitle: </b></td>
<td>Title of a book, part of which is being cited. For book entries, use the <strong>title</strong> field instead.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>chapter:</b></td>
<td>A chapter (or section) number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>contents:</strong></td>
<td>A Table of Contents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>copyright:</strong></td>
<td>Copyright information.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>crossref:</strong></td>
<td>The database key of the entry being cross-referenced.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>edition: </b></td>
<td>The edition of a book - for example
"Second". Notice that it is in capitals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>editor: </b></td>
<td>Name(s) of editor(s). If there is also an author field, then the editor field gives the editor of the book or collection in which the reference appears.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>howpublished:</b></td>
<td>How something strange has been published. The first word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>institution:</b></td>
<td>The sponsoring institution of a technical report.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ISBN:</strong></td>
<td>The International Standard Book Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ISSN:</strong></td>
<td>The International Standard Serial Number. Used to
identify a journal.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>journal: </b></td>
<td>A journal name. Abbreviations are provided for many journals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>key: </b></td>
<td>Used for alphabetizing and creating a label when the author and editor fields are missing. This field should not be confused with the key that appears at the beginning of the reference.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>keywords:</strong></td>
<td>Key words used for searching or possibly for annotation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>language:</strong></td>
<td>The language the document is written in.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>LCCN:</strong></td>
<td>The Library of Congress Call Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>location:</strong></td>
<td>A location associated with the entry, such as the city in which a conference took place.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>month: </b></td>
<td>The month in which the work was published or, for an unpublished work, in which it was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>mrnumber:</strong></td>
<td>The <em>Mathematical Reviews</em> number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>note:</b></td>
<td>Any additional information that can help the reader. First word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>number: </b></td>
<td>The number of a journal, magazine, technical report, or of a work in a series. An issue of a journal or magazine is usually identified by its volume and number; the organization that issues a technical report usually gives it a number; and sometimes books are given numbers in a named series.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>organization: </b></td>
<td>The organization that sponsors a conference or publishes a manual.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>pages:</b></td>
<td>One or more page numbers or ranges of number, such as 37--42, or 7,53,82--94.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>price:</strong></td>
<td>The price of the material.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>publisher:</b></td>
<td>The publisher's name.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>school:</b></td>
<td>The name of the school where a thesis was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>series:</b></td>
<td>Then name given a series or set of books. When citing an entire book, the title field gives its title and the optional series field gives the name of a series in which the book was published.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>size:</strong></td>
<td>The physical dimensions of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>title:</b></td>
<td>The work's title.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>type:</b></td>
<td>The type of technical report - for example,
"Research Note".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>url:</strong></td>
<td>The WWW Universal Resource Locator that points to the item being referenced. Often used for technical reports to point to the FTP site where it resides.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>volume:</b></td>
<td>The volume of a journal or multivolume book.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>year:</b></td>
<td>The year of publication or, for an unpublished work, the year it was written. It should only consist of numerals, such as 1976.</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== BibTeX citation Types ===
A reference can be to any of a variety of types. Following is a list of types. Each one also explains the fields associated with that type. Any fields not listed as required or optional are considered to be ignored.
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td><b>article:</b></td>
<td>An article from a journal or magazine. Required fields: author, title, journal, year. Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>book:</b></td>
<td>A book with an explicit publisher. Required fields: author or editor, title, publisher, year. Optional fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>booklet: </b></td>
<td>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, howpublished, address, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>collection:</strong></td>
<td>A collection of works. Same as Proceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>conference:</b></td>
<td>The same as Inproceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>inbook:</b></td>
<td>A part of a book, which may be a chapter and/or arange of pages. Required fields: author or editor, title, chapter and/or pages, publisher, year. Optional fields: volumer, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>incollection:</b></td>
<td>A part of a book with its own title. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, publisher, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>inproceedings:</b></td>
<td>An article in a conference proceedings. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>manual: </b></td>
<td>Technical documentation. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>mastersthesis:</b></td>
<td>A Master's thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>misc:</b></td>
<td>Use this type when nothing else fits. Required fields: none. Optional fields: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>patent:</strong></td>
<td>A patent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>phdthesis:</b></td>
<td>A Ph.D. thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>proceedings:</b></td>
<td>The proceedings of a conference. Required fields: title, year. Optional fields: editor, publisher, organization, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>techreport:</b></td>
<td>A report published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series. Required fields: author, title, institution, year. Optional fields: type, number, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>unpublished:</b></td>
<td>A document with an author and title, but not formally published. Required fields: author, title, note. Optional fields: month, year, key.</td>
</tr>
</table>

==== Examples ====
<pre><nowiki>
@book{kn:gnus,

AUTHOR = "Donald E. Knudson",
TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
ADDRESS = {Novosibirsk} }

<div class="book" id="kn:gnus">
<div class="author">Donald E. Knudson</div>
<div class="title">1966 World Gnus Almanac</div>
<div class="publisher">Permafrost Press</div>
<div class="address">Novosibirsk</div>
</div>

@article{XAi_HSCheng_1994a,

author = "X. Ai and H. S. Cheng",
title = "Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts",
journal = "Tribol. Trans.",
volume = "37",
year = "1994",
pages = "323--335",
}

<div class="article" id="XAi_HSCheng_1994a">
<div class="author">X. Ai and H. S. Cheng</div>
<div class="title">Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts</div>
<div class="journal">Tribol. Trans.</div>
<div class="volume">37</div>
<div class="year">1994</div>
<div class="pages">323--335</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

===Bib-enabled Applications===

Reference-management applications that support the bib format. <strong>This is an incomplete list</strong>.

====Desktop Applications====
* [http://www.endnote.com EndNote] (Large market share)
* [http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/ BibDesk]
* [http://www.mackichan.com/index.html?bibdb/default.htm~mainFrame BibDB]
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/bib-it/ Bib-it]
* Large list of other apps at [http://dmoz.org/Computers/Software/Typesetting/TeX/BibTeX/ dmoz] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX#Software Wikipedia]

====Web Applications====
* [http://www.refworks.com RefWorks] (Large market share)
* [http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
* [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/ CiteSeer]
* [http://www.bibsonomy.org/ BibSonomy]
* [http://www.connotea.org Connotea]
* [http://www.2ndminute.org:8080/amatex Amatex - converts Amazon to Bib format]
* Many others can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX#External_links Wikipedia]

====Academic Databases====
* [http://academic.live.com/ Windows Live Academic Search]
* [http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm?dl=ACM ACM Digital Library]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi PubMed] via TexMed

== RIS ==

RIS is similar to BibTeX and is handled by most desktop and web-based bibliography management software.

The specification and field types/tags are described at [http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_intro.asp http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_intro.asp]

In particular, see [http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_reftypes.asp the list of different reference types].

A sample item in RIS format:
<pre>
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baldwin,S.A.
A1 - Fugaccia,I.
A1 - Brown,D.R.
A1 - Brown,L.V.
A1 - Scheff,S.W.
T1 - Blood-brain barrier breach following
cortical contusion in the rat
JO - J.Neurosurg.
Y1 - 1996
VL - 85
SP - 476
EP - 481
RP - Not In File
KW - cortical contusion
KW - blood-brain barrier
KW - horseradish peroxidase
KW - head trauma
KW - hippocampus
KW - rat
ER -
</pre>

[http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/classes/RWL/Projects/citation/Applet/OnlineHelp/refer_doc.html Refer] is a similar, smaller bibliographic format.

* author
* title
* type
* Identifier
* notes/abstract
* reprint status
* keyword
* volume
* issue
* pages
* year
* periodical name (where published)
* publisher
** publisher city
** publisher address
* related links
* link to PDF
* availablity

== OpenURL ==

OpenURL aka [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 Z39.88] defines a standard way of bundling citation data in a URL. It is widely deployed in academic libraries around the world to provide access to licensed content via link resolvers such as [http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/sfx_openurl.htm SFX]. The Context Object in Span ([http://ocoins.info/ COinS]) community standard represents one way to embed OpenURLs in XHTML without including a resolver target. OpenURL also provides an XML encoding.

Example (from a book review written using the Structured Blogging plugin):

<pre><nowiki>
<p><b>ISBN</b>: <span class='Z3988'
title='ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&amp;rft.isbn=0679426612'>
0679426612</span></p>
</nowiki></pre>

Another example, a journal this time:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.issn=1045-4438"></span>
</nowiki>
</pre>

As you can see this isn't very much like semantic XHTML at all. However significant work has gone into defining the set of Key/Encoded Values (KEVs) that can be used in various [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats types] of citations: [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book book], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation dissertation], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal journal], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent patent]. It would be possible to simply provide a standard XHTML bundling for these keys as a microformat.

=== Example ===

<pre>
<nowiki>

<div class="openurl-journal">
<span class="aulast">Berners-Lee</span>,
<span class="aufirst">Tim</a>; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora.</span>
"<span class="atitle">The Semantic Web</span>".
<span class="jtitle">Scientific American</span>
<span class="volume">284</span>(<span class="issue">5</span>), pp.
pp. <span class="pages">34-43</span>.
<span class="issn">0036-8733</span>
</div>

</nowiki>
</pre>

Using OpenURL in this way would enable third party applications that could, say grab citation metadata from a blog, and without much work fire it off at your university's or public libraries openurl resolver to see if the article is available via a licensed databases. The benefits [http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb050801-1.shtml have] [http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/chudnov/ been] [http://www.wallandbinkley.com/quaedam/?p=30 noted] [http://hublog.hubmed.org/archives/001163.html elsewhere].

== The OpenURL Briefly Explained ==

An OpenURL consists of two independent parts: the ContextObject (or the bibliographic metadata surrounding a citation) and the location of resolver to parse the metadata and present contextual services based on said metadata. The problem is that the term "OpenURL" is also used as a catch-all for all of the independent parts and how they work. This is mainly because it's a catchier term than "Z39.88", which is the [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 NISO standard all this is based upon].

The most common representation of the OpenURL ContextObject is seen as arguments in a URL string (which is referred to as "San Antonio Profile 1" -- more commonly SAP1 -- and is represented in Key Encoded Values -- KEVs). This "representation" is independent of the ContextObject (from here on known as CO) itself and is only intended to permit the CO to be transmitted via an HTTP GET request.

There is also SAP2, which is an XML representation of the CO (see: [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:ctx here] for more information) and is a much more human readable format. This still falls outside the scope of microformats, but makes the point that encoding has nothing to do with the CO itself. They are just agreed upon means of conveying the CO to enable machines act upon them consistently.

The ContextObject could be conveyed just as easily in XHTML using attributes, as long as the terms follow the vocabulary defined in the OpenURL framework. The important thing to focus on here is the ContextObject -- the address of the link resolver ''is'' institution-specific and should be handled by a user's (or machine's) activating agent.

However, the link resolver is still a very important component to this whole process. Getting users "appropriate copy" is a very real (and very difficult) problem that libraries are trying to solve. Link resolvers are a pretty efficient means of overcoming this hurdle, so it would make sense to mark up bibiographic citations in a way that link resolvers can easily parse.

== Z39.80 ==
I'm not sure the best place for a guide to Z39.80 so please add links as you see fit:

[http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html]

== DocBook ==

A subset of the DocBook vocabulary is dedicated to representing a bibliography: http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/bibliography.html

<pre><nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE bibliography PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd">
<bibliography>
<title>Languages and Semantics</title>
<bibliodiv>
<title>Books</title>
<biblioentry>
<title>Course in General Linguistics</title>
<abbrev>deSaussure59</abbrev>
<author><firstname>Ferdinand</firstname><surname>de Saussure</surname></author>
<editor><firstname>Charles</firstname><surname>Bally</surname></editor>
<editor><firstname>Albert</firstname><surname>Sechehaye</surname></editor>
<othercredit role="translator"><firstname>Wade</firstname><surname>Baskin</surname></othercredit>
<copyright>
<year>1959</year>
<holder>The Philosophical Library Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<isbn>07-016524-6</isbn>
<publisher>
<publishername>McGraw-Hill Book Company</publishername>
</publisher>
</biblioentry>
</bibliodiv>
</bibliography>
</nowiki></pre>

* publisher
* copyright
* identifier (ISBN)
* title
* author/editor/other credit/
* type (book)

== Ann Arbor District Library XML feed ==

Here's a record in XML format from their project to simplify
access to the catalog. More discussion on [http://www.blyberg.net John Blyberg's blog].

<pre>
<nowiki>
<p:Record>
<callnum>823 Bu</callnum>
<author>Burkart, Gina, 1971-</author>
<fulltitle>A parent's guide to Harry Potter / Gina Burkart</fulltitle>
<title>A parent's guide to Harry Potter </title>
<pubinfo>Downers Grove, Ill. : InterVarsity Press, c2005</pubinfo>
<desc>112 p</desc>
<bibliography>Includes bibliographical references</bibliography>
<contents>
The Harry hype -- More than a story -- The modern fairy tale -- Discussing fantasy with children --
Morals, not magic -- The real issues in Harry Potter -- Dealing with traumatic experiences -- Facing
fears -- Battling bullies -- Delving into diversity -- Hiding hurts -- Letting go of anger -- Getting
help -- Choosing good over evil -- The power of love -- Facing spiritual battles
</contents>
<isbn>0830832882</isbn>
<price>$11.00</price>
<lang>eng</lang>
<copies>0</copies>
<catdate>08-16-2005</catdate>
<mattype>a</mattype>
<avail>No copies available</avail>
<recordlink xlink:href="http://www.aadl.org/cat/seek/record=1249810"/>
</p:Record>
</nowiki>
</pre>

* url
* availablity
* identifier (ISBN/call number)
* author
* title
* publisher
* pages
* description/contents

== SimpleDC supported by the zoom toolkit ==

<pre>
<nowiki>
<dc xmlns="http/www.loc.gov/zing/srw/dcschema/v1.0/">
<title>Kantor Salomon Sulzer und seine Zeit : eine Dokumentation /</title>
<creator>Avenary, Hanoch.</creator>
<creator>Pass, Walter.</creator>
<creator>Vielmetti, Nikolaus.</creator>
<creator>Adler, Israel, (1925-)</creator>
<subject>Sulzer, Salomon, -- 1804-1890.</subject>
<subject>Jewish composers -- Austria -- Biography.</subject>
<subject>Cantors, Jewish -- Biography.</subject>
<date>1985</date>
<publisher>Sigmaringen : Jan Thorbecke Verlag</publisher>
<identifier>3799540636</identifier>
<description>300 p., [12] p. of plates : ill., music, ports. ; 24 cm.</description>
</dc>
</nowiki>
</pre>

this is the output of marc.toSimpleDC()

* title
* creator (author)
* subjects
* date
* publisher
* identifier
* description

(NOTE: this schema is from the example, not the source schema)

== SRU from the Library of Congress ==

http://z3950.loc.gov:7090/voyager?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=dinosaur&maximumRecords=1&recordSchema=dc

<pre>
<nowiki>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<zs:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:zs="http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/">
<zs:version>1.1</zs:version>
<zs:numberOfRecords>1701</zs:numberOfRecords>
<zs:records>
<zs:record>
<zs:recordSchema>info:srw/schema/1/dc-v1.1</zs:recordSchema>
<zs:recordPacking>xml</zs:recordPacking>
<zs:recordData>
<srw_dc:dc xmlns:srw_dc="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xsi:schemaLocation="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/zing/srw/dc-schema.xsd">
<title>3-D dinosaur adventure [computer file].</title>
<creator>Knowledge Adventure, Inc.</creator>
<type>software, multimedia</type>
<publisher>Glendale, CA : Knowledge Adventure,</publisher>

<date>c1995.</date>
<language>eng</language>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of
paleontology. Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration,
games, activities, and color illustrations.</description>
<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>System requirements for PC: 486SX/25MHz processor or higher; 8MB RAM; Windows 3.1,
3.11, or 95; SVGA 256-color graphics adapter; hard drive with 5MB free space; double-speed CD-ROM
drive; MPC-compatible sound card; mouse.</description>
<description>System requirements for Macintosh: 68040 or Power PC processor; 8MB RAM; System 7.0 or
higher; 256-color graphics capability; thirteen-inch color monitor or larger; hard drive with 4MB
free space; double-speed CD-ROM drive.</description>

<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of paleontology.
Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration, games, activities,
and color illustrations.</description>
<subject>Dinosaurs--Juvenile software.</subject>
<subject>Dinosaurs.</subject>
<identifier>URN:ISBN:1569972133</identifier>
</srw_dc:dc>
</zs:recordData>
<zs:recordPosition>1</zs:recordPosition>
</zs:record>
</zs:records>
</zs:searchRetrieveResponse>

</nowiki>
</pre>

NOTE: this is just Dublin Core data in a special LOC envelope

== University of Bath reference type ==
<pre>
<nowiki>
<reference>
<authors>
<author>
<forename>E</forename>
<forename>M</forename>
<surname>Phillips</surname>
</author>
<author>
<forename>D</forename>
<forename>S</forename>
<surname>Pugh</surname>
</author>
</authors>
<date>1994</date>
<entity>
<book title="How to get a PhD: A handbook for students and their supervisors">
<location>
<placeofpublication>Buckinghamshire</placeofpublication>
<publisher>Open University</publisher>
</location>
</book>
</entity>
</reference>

<reference>
<authors>
<author>
<forename>Michael</forename>
<surname>Fumento</surname>
</author>
</authors>
<date>1996</date>
<entity>
<website pagetitle="Radon's Real Threat is to the EPA"
uri="http://www.consumeralert.org/fumento/radon1.htm"/>
</entity>
<frdescription>an article by a prolific newspaper columnist in the USA -
quotes empirical scientific research showing no provable link between radon in homes and elevated
cases of lung cancer</frdescription>
</reference>
</nowiki>
</pre>
[http://www.bath.ac.uk/schemas/screenshots/referencetype.png Schema extract]

* author
* date
* url
* description
* type (book/journal/conference)
* title
* artile
* volume
* issue
* chapter
* pages
* publisher
** publisher data (address, city, ...)

== Implied Schema ==
This is the start of the short list of common properties across documented formats. Once this is finished, there will be a union of Implied schemas between EXAMPLES and IMPLEMENTATIONS and we will see what that looks like. (This currently only covers a few of the formats listed, some documented formats still need to be explored)

* creator (author, editor, translator, contributor) - this can be handled with hCard, but will need an additional property to refine what "creator" means
* publisher (this can also be handled with hCard)
* subject/topics/keywords/categories/genre (there is a rel="tag" microformat)
* Description (abstract, note, tableOfContents)
* typeOfResource/format

common location information
* volume
* issue
* page
* edition

Date Fields
* Date Published (some formats have YEAR/MONTH sperately)
* Date Accessed (see [http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html here] for discussion from APA style guide.)

Again, I'll emphasize: "date published" is problematic. If one needs specificity, then better to have the following list of date classes: date (the generic), issued (braoder than published), copyright (often not the same as issuance date), accessed. -- bruce

Other fields
* Copyright/usage
* audience

* identifier (ISBN, ISSN, id, internal only, other)
* language (this can be handled by the xml:lang attribute native to HTML)

== Types and Roles ==
(Section is informative only as a place to capture various parts of publication citations.)

There are many different types of publications and this information should be captured in the citation. Possible types include:
* Novel/fiction (specify type -- literature, SF, romance, etc.?)
* Non-fiction
* Poem
* Play
* Magazine
* Reference (separate out encyclopedia, dictionary, almanac, etc.?)
* Journal
* Article within a journal
* Chapter within a book
* Dissertation
* Web Site
* Page within a web site
* Music Recording
* Video Recording
* Interview
* Physical object (Statue, Painting, etc.)
* ??

Question:
Certain works have specific types of citations, for example, the Bible--and, I assume, other religious works--have very specific citation formats with different relevant information (chapter/verse) than others, as do the works of Shakespeare. Should these be considered separate types/roles?

A: I think in terms of types, we should at least note the items (chapter, verse, etc). How they get dealt with is still way up in the air. - [[User:Tim White|Tim White]]

Likewise, there are several different roles associated with publications -- author, co-author, editor, translator, etc. Should these be captured under a master "role" or treated as individual elements?

A: Good question. I think there is an important distinction, but whether we follow a design pattern of "role-*" (or more likely "author-*) or some other pattern hasn't been discussed yet. - Tim

== Biblio RDF Class Schema ==
Regading the issue of types notes above, the [http://vocab.org/biblio/schema biblio schema] provides a comprehensive set of classes to describe citation metadata. It might prove useful as a guide for a micro-format. The primary classes are Agent, Reference, Collection, and Event. An "Article", then, would be a subclass of "Part", which in turn is a subclass of Reference. Likewise, a "Journal" is a subclass of a "Periodical," which in turn is a subclass of "Collection." An article would typically be linked to a journal through a dcterms:isPartOf relation.

== ISBN Uniform Resource Names ==

[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3187.html RFC3187] defines an ISBN namespace for Uniform Resource Names (URNs).

Example:

URN:ISBN:0-395-36341-1

I'm not sure if any browser uses this data, but it might have an application in citations describing registered materials with an ISBN.

There is also a URN namespace for ISSN (International Standard Serial Number), which identifies serials/periodicals e.g. [http://alistapart.com A List Apart]. It is defined in [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3044.html RFC3044]. Additional URN namespaces are listed at http://www.iana.org/assignments/urn-namespaces.

== You should know ==
* There are more then 1.300 citation ''styles'' in EndNote 9.
* Libraries have developed formats and rules for publications since more than 100 years. There are millions of records in library catalougues. You should '''at least''' be familiar with AACR and FRBR. There '''already are''' effords to create a new "microformat" called ''Resource Description and Access'' (RDA) [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/rdaprospectus.html]. Why don't you try to work with the professionals instead of amateurishly trying to reinvent the wheel and create yet another incompatible format? -- [[User:JakobVoss|JakobVoss]] 01:39, 5 Jun 2006 (PDT)
** I agree that the people involved in developing this microformat (including me) ought to be aware of these efforts (in particular FRBR), but I also think your argument is hopelessly naive and pretentious. The professionals you refer to are in fact library professionals, with their own bizarre traditios and unique information needs. Those are different than the professional scholars for whom citations are critical (me), or to the professional web developers who might want to implement these formats. What I do think is important is for us to understand the different design traditions, and their trade-offs, rather than to blindly create a microformat based on one of them -- Bruce (author of citeproc [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc] and csl [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/csl]).

Nice to meet you, Bruce! Maybe I'm naive but it still think that there is a way to combine the best of both worlds: scholars and library professionals. Both have developed bizarre traditions and it would be a pitty to create a new bizarre microformat that is not based on both of them. Thanks to your links to xbiblio. I a stumbled upon it a while ago but have to look at it deeper. -- [[User:JakobVoss|JakobVoss]] 11:48, 19 Jul 2006 (PDT)

== OpenDocument ==
The OpenDocument Format also includes parts for citation and bibliography. See also the [http://bibliographic.openoffice.org/ OpenOffice Bibliographic project]. -- [[User:JakobVoss|JakobVoss]] 11:55, 19 Jul 2006 (PDT)

what-are-microformats

2006-07-27T08:43:43Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Joe Andrieu */

= What are microformats? =

== Launch Definition ==

The current definition on the [http://microformats.org home page] says:

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards.</blockquote>

originally written by Dan Cederholm with help from Tantek Çelik for the launch of [http://microformats.org microformats.org] on June 20th, 2005.

== From The Mailing List ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Microformats are simple conventions for embedding semantics in HTML to enable decentralized development.</blockquote>

from someone on the microformats-discuss mailing list. Please link/cite if you know the origin of this.

== More Specifically From The Mailing List ==

More precisely, microformats can be
defined as:

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">
<pre>
simple conventions
for embedding semantic markup

for a specific problem domain

in human-readable (X)HTML/XML documents, Atom/RSS feeds, and "plain" XML

that normalize existing content usage patterns
using brief, descriptive class names
often based on existing interoperable standards

to enable decentralized development

of resources, tools, and services
</pre>
</blockquote>

from someone(s) on the microformats-discuss mailing list. Please link/cite if you know the origin of this.

(I'm pretty sure Ernie kicked off this particular definition, and I think helped a little, but I don't remember the specifics. -Tantek)

== Chris Messina ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">
Microformats are simple codes that you can use to identify specific kinds of data, like people or events, in your webpages.
</blockquote>

== Tantek Çelik ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic"><p>Microformats are the way to publish and share information on <strong>the web with higher fidelity</strong>.</p><p>For example, if a company wanted their <strong>contact information</strong> to be easily found and shared, they would publish it with [[hcard|hCard]]. Similarly if an organization is planning a series of events and wants more people to know about them and add them to their calendars, then they would publish their <strong>events listing</strong> with [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]. For advocacy groups, whenever they take a position on some political leader, some piece of legislation etc., if they wanted their <strong>evaluations/reviews/ratings</strong> of those people/laws to be more easily found and passed around, they would publish such opinions with [[hreview|hReview]]. For all of these, to make it easier, publishers can use [[implementations|tools and services that support microformats]].</p><p>The key here is that microformats are simple/easy enough that the any organizations own <strong>web authors/designers can easily add them</strong> in themselves. Adding microformats is easier than publishing an RSS feed for example. You don't have to be a programmer. Anyone with decent (X)HTML+CSS authoring/writing skills can use microformats. Pretty much anyone who is literate can be taught how to author HTML+CSS, and thus microformats makes use of very widely available skill sets.</p></blockquote>

From an IRC conversation 2006-06-06 which helped "knowprose" grok microformats. Update 2006-06-07: knowprose's blog post [http://www.knowprose.com/node/15844 Making Sense of Microformats: Have Data, Will Find It].

== Drew McLellan ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Microformats are a way of attaching extra meaning to the information published on a web page. This extra semantic richness works alongside the information already presented, and can be used for the benefit of people and computers. This is mostly done through adding special pre-defined names to the class attribute of existing XHTML markup.</blockquote>

from an IRC conversation

== Joe Andrieu ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic"><p>Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon (X)HTML and CSS.</p>

<p>The current blurb leaves me wondering "But <strong>what</strong> are they?". I remember this feeling from the first time reading through the microformats wiki. The [http://microformats.org/about/ about page] goes on from the opening blurb to state what microformats are, what microformats are not, and the microformats principles.</p>

<p>All great descriptions... Yet still leaving me wondering the most basic level of concreteness: <strong>What are they?</strong> Javascript libraries? An XML vocabulary? PHP tools? The most specific language is "data format standard." Is that like HTML? Is it just an RFC for the next web thing? </p>

<p>Of course, I know the answers to all of these things, now. But it took me a while to get there.</p>

<p>This suggestion attempts to concretize the "existing and widely adopted standards". It's a bit shorter and to my eye a bit clearer and more powerful.</p>
</blockquote>

== Add Yours Here ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">microformats are...</blockquote>

written by You.

== See Also ==

* [[what-can-you-do-with-microformats]]
* [[faq]]

== Translation ==
* [[c'est quoi les microformats]] (fr)

what-are-microformats

2006-07-27T08:43:15Z

JoeAndrieu: /* What are microformats? */

= What are microformats? =

== Launch Definition ==

The current definition on the [http://microformats.org home page] says:

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards.</blockquote>

originally written by Dan Cederholm with help from Tantek Çelik for the launch of [http://microformats.org microformats.org] on June 20th, 2005.

== From The Mailing List ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Microformats are simple conventions for embedding semantics in HTML to enable decentralized development.</blockquote>

from someone on the microformats-discuss mailing list. Please link/cite if you know the origin of this.

== More Specifically From The Mailing List ==

More precisely, microformats can be
defined as:

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">
<pre>
simple conventions
for embedding semantic markup

for a specific problem domain

in human-readable (X)HTML/XML documents, Atom/RSS feeds, and "plain" XML

that normalize existing content usage patterns
using brief, descriptive class names
often based on existing interoperable standards

to enable decentralized development

of resources, tools, and services
</pre>
</blockquote>

from someone(s) on the microformats-discuss mailing list. Please link/cite if you know the origin of this.

(I'm pretty sure Ernie kicked off this particular definition, and I think helped a little, but I don't remember the specifics. -Tantek)

== Chris Messina ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">
Microformats are simple codes that you can use to identify specific kinds of data, like people or events, in your webpages.
</blockquote>

== Tantek Çelik ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic"><p>Microformats are the way to publish and share information on <strong>the web with higher fidelity</strong>.</p><p>For example, if a company wanted their <strong>contact information</strong> to be easily found and shared, they would publish it with [[hcard|hCard]]. Similarly if an organization is planning a series of events and wants more people to know about them and add them to their calendars, then they would publish their <strong>events listing</strong> with [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]. For advocacy groups, whenever they take a position on some political leader, some piece of legislation etc., if they wanted their <strong>evaluations/reviews/ratings</strong> of those people/laws to be more easily found and passed around, they would publish such opinions with [[hreview|hReview]]. For all of these, to make it easier, publishers can use [[implementations|tools and services that support microformats]].</p><p>The key here is that microformats are simple/easy enough that the any organizations own <strong>web authors/designers can easily add them</strong> in themselves. Adding microformats is easier than publishing an RSS feed for example. You don't have to be a programmer. Anyone with decent (X)HTML+CSS authoring/writing skills can use microformats. Pretty much anyone who is literate can be taught how to author HTML+CSS, and thus microformats makes use of very widely available skill sets.</p></blockquote>

From an IRC conversation 2006-06-06 which helped "knowprose" grok microformats. Update 2006-06-07: knowprose's blog post [http://www.knowprose.com/node/15844 Making Sense of Microformats: Have Data, Will Find It].

== Drew McLellan ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">Microformats are a way of attaching extra meaning to the information published on a web page. This extra semantic richness works alongside the information already presented, and can be used for the benefit of people and computers. This is mostly done through adding special pre-defined names to the class attribute of existing XHTML markup.</blockquote>

from an IRC conversation

== Joe Andrieu ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic"><p>Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon (X)HTML and CSS.</p>

<p>The current blurb leaves me wondering "But <strong>what</strong> are they?". I remembered this feeling from the first time reading through the microformats wiki. The [http://microformats.org/about/ about page] goes on from the opening blurb to state what microformats are, what microformats are not, and the microformats principles.</p>

<p>All great descriptions... Yet still leaving me wondering the most basic level of concreteness: <strong>What are they?</strong> Javascript libraries? An XML vocabulary? PHP tools? The most specific language is "data format standard." Is that like HTML? Is it just an RFC for the next web thing? </p>

<p>Of course, I know the answers to all of these things, now. But it took me a while to get there.</p>

<p>This suggestion attempts to concretize the "existing and widely adopted standards". It's a bit shorter and to my eye a bit clearer and more powerful.</p>
</blockquote>

== Add Yours Here ==

<blockquote style="font-size:larger;font-style:italic">microformats are...</blockquote>

written by You.

== See Also ==

* [[what-can-you-do-with-microformats]]
* [[faq]]

== Translation ==
* [[c'est quoi les microformats]] (fr)

hcalendar

2006-06-14T06:53:58Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Example */

<h1> hCalendar </h1>

hCalendar is a simple, open, distributed calendaring and events format, based on the iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. hCalendar is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] event? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] to write up an event and publish it.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

; Editor : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
; Authors : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
: [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to:
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.

== Introduction ==
The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "iCal" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==

{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==

=== In General ===

The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]) forms the basis of hCalendar.

Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ "iCal-Basic" effort] and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.

The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===

However, for some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:
* <code>URL</code> in iCalendar becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vevent"</code> in hCalendar.
* <code>ATTENDEE</code>, <code>CONTACT</code>, and <code>ORGANIZER</code> in iCalendar may be represented by an [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar .
* A named <code>LOCATION</code> (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar may be represented by a nested [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar. Similarly, an address <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by an [[adr]], and a geo (latitude and longitude) <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by a [[geo]].
* <code>UID</code> in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
If an <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value. This specification recommends that such <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:
* DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE

== Example ==

Here is a sample event in an iCalendar:
<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
DTSTART:20051005
DTEND:20051008
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-08">7</abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</a>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
which could be displayed as:

[http://www.web2con.com/ Web 2.0 Conference: October 5-7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA]

Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format. When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.

Note 2: A surrounding <code><nowiki><span class="vcalendar"></nowiki></code> element is optional, and is left out as such. It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered. The implied context/scope is that of the document. Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.

Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

Note 4: ISO8601 dates (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly. In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context. Thus <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements are used to simultaneously provide a human friendly date and/or time in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 datetime in the 'title' attribute.
The notation YYYY-MM-DD should be used for better readability.

Note 5: The difference between the DTEND ISO8601 date (2005-10-08) and the human readable date (7) is NOT a mistake. [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/2005-September/000769.html DTEND is exclusive], meaning, that the event ends just before the DTEND. Thus for events which start on one day and end on another day, the DTEND date must be specified as the day after the day that a human would say is the last day of the event.

Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]]. See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.

See [[hcalendar-examples]] for more hCalendar examples

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have implemented hCalendar, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If events on your pages are marked up with hCalendar, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://www.thesession.org/events/ The Session events] uses hCalendar to mark up concerts, festivals and workshops related to Irish traditional music.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle ncl.rb] uses hCalendar to mark up new meetings.
* [http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/ World Cup KickOff] where you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game of the 2006 football World Cup!
** This link was on the [http://www.lifehacker.com/software/sports/world-cup-start-times-for-ical-etc-175393.php Lifehackers site] and made its way to the yahoo news site:

Mon May 22, 4:00 PM ET
The World Cup, one of the world's most watched sporting events, is almost upon us. If you've ever tried to follow your favorite team through the Cup you know that it can sometimes be difficult to know when they're on. World Cup Kickoff can help.

World Cup KickOff is all you will ever need for knowing all the match details for the upcoming World Cup 2006. Whether you use your mobile phone, MS Outlook, Apple iCal or Mozilla Calendar, you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game!
ADVERTISEMENT

Next tip? We'll show you how to get up at 2 AM to watch your matches. ;0) Thanks to Tom for the tip!

* [http://gross.org.za/calendar GROSSUG Calendar] - Uses hCalendar to mark up meetings and other events.
* [http://www.socaltech.com socalTECH] is a news and information site. Their front page event listing is marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://www.webanalyticsassociation.org/en/calendarevents/search.asp Web Analytics Association] - hCalendar microformat is in place on all Tendenci sites on the calendar events search page and consolidated list page.
* [http://www.tendenci.com/en/calendarevents/search.asp Tendenci Calendar Events] with hCalendar
* [http://www.argolon.com/2006/04/17/web20-conference-in-dublin/ Web2.0 Conference in Dublin] hCalendar event
* [http://www.meetup.com/ Meetup.com] has marked up [http://www.meetup.com/cities/us/ny/new_york city event calendars], [http://photo.meetup.com/100/events/ group event lists], and [http://www.meetup.com/ signed-in homepages] with hCalendar.
* [http://ukwindsurfing.com/ ukwindsurfing.com] has marked upcoming events with hCalendar, and the [http://ukwindsurfing.com/events/ events page] in a table.
* [http://ocono.com/ ocono.com] has marked up it's "Upcoming Events" list with hCalendar.
* [http://www.austinbloggers.org/ Austin Bloggers] has marked up their "Upcoming Events" box with hCalendar ([http://www.austinbloggers.org/blog/a/001123.html announcement]).
* Ning's cloneable Group app has [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=list event calendar] and [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=view&id=727220 event detail] pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* The National Arbor Day Foundation has started using hCalendars for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] features a vevent for the next meeting information.
* [http://www.stateofflux.com/ State of Flux street art site] has started adding events in hCalendar format
* The [http://barcamp.org/#BarCamps BarCamp home page lists upcoming BarCamps marked up with hCalendar] and even has a "Subscribe..." link.
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the schedule and events for the week with hCalendar.
* [http://www.code4lib.org/2006/schedule code4lib Conference 2006 Schedule] is marked up with hCalendar as [http://www.code4lib.org/node/65 announced on their blog].
* [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754 IEEE 754 Working Group] - trying hCalendar for upcoming meetings.
* [http://www.pehuen.org/node/494 Elecciones 2005 Chile] - the first spanish language hCalendar event found in the wild.
* [http://www.codewitch.org/it/2005/11/17/no-creative-commons-no-party/ Giocolando » No Creative Commons? No Party!] is marked up with hCalendar
* [http://www.cmprofessionals.org/events/calendar.html CM Pros Events Calendar] by Bob Doyle
* [http://www.midgard-project.org/community/events/ Midgard CMS Event calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/schedule/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Schedule] - hCalendar markup [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ added by Scott Reynen]
* [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/posts/00000011.html Upcoming events on Jason A.R. Moody Amusements Weblog] posted by Jason Moody on 15 Oct 2005. [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/index.html His weblog] in general has hCalendar events posted inside the blog posts.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/tracks-sessions-schedule.html Syndicate - Tracks & Sessions]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/program.html Web 2.0 Conference schedule page marked up with hCalendar]
* [http://www.thisiscmon.com/ C'MON] is a rock band from Canada, and their [http://www.thisiscmon.com/shows/ tour dates] have been marked up by [http://www.d2digitalmedia.com/ Ray Dickman] with hCalendar.
* [http://ifreebusy.com/ ifreebusy.com] will display freebusy information using hCalendar. See this [http://ifreebusy.com/neiljensen/freebusy/ example].
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
* [http://www.asdvbonaparte.nl/ ASDV Bonaparte] is a Dutch debating society. Their events calendar has been marked up with the hCalendar conventions.
* [http://chocnvodka.blogware.com/blog Suw Charman] has marked up [http://suw.org.uk/archives/category/events/ her events] with hCalendar.
* [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/ Blog Business Summit] has published their [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/details.htm event details] marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://eventful.com Eventful.com] publishes all events with hCalendar and venues with [[hcard|hCard]]. Took them only 15 minutes to implement both! Their Atom feeds also contain hCalendar/hCard.
* [http://upcoming.org Upcoming.org] publishes all events and lists of events with hCalendar. Took them only an hour to add hCalendar support to the site.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/ Laughing Squid Calendar] events, [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/9949/2005/5/9 e.g. this party], now supports hCalendar.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCalendar event information for upcoming concerts. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCalendar events for all past concerts.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://iceoasis.shrub.ca/ unofficial schedule site] publishes hCalendar information for upcoming hockey games at [http://www.iceoasis.com/ Ice Oasis]
* [http://www.complexspiral.com/ Complex Spiral Consulting], both in the "Events" box on left side, and the separate [http://www.complexspiral.com/events/ Events page].
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts], specifically the "Events" roll in the right-most column.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/holidays/ Lesser Known Holidays], a list of holidays on [http://suda.co.uk suda.co.uk] that can be imported via iCal and hCal so you can compare actual transformation versus intended.
* [http://norman.walsh.name/2005/itinerary/ Norm Walsh's travel schedule] use hCalendar as well as GRDDL.
* [http://www.policyawareweb.org/2005/ftf2/paw-mtg Policy Aware Web (PAW) Project Meeting] uses hCalendar to record date-related decisions, and uses a vtodo microformat to record action items.
* The [http://www.kiez-ev.de/ Kiez] is a small cinema and has published its [http://www.kiez-ev.de/programm.htm program] marked up with hCalendar.
* The [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems] publishes it's [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/cfps list of notable CfPs on dependability and security] with hCalendar-todo elements.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/laughing-squid-10th-anniversary-party/ Laughing Squid 10th Anniversary Party] has an hcalendar page.
* SPRACI has hcalendar versions of its nightlife/clubbing/gigs/festivals listings for many cities worldwide - eg: [http://www.spraci.com/listhcalendar.php?parea=sydney&category=all Events in Sydney] (check the [http://www.spraci.com/api/ API] pages in the faq section of [http://www.spraci.com/ SPRACI] for more info about the area/city keywords and category tags to use to get data for your city/categories
* WWF-Australia events calendars: [http://wwf.org.au/act/events/ What's on], [http://wwf.org.au/act/volunteer/ Volunteer]
* [http://rubyholic.com rubyholic] uses hCalendar to publish calendars for ruby groups.
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/whats-on/ University of Bath What's On] uses hCalendar on individual event pages

=== Examples with some problems ===
* [http://www.bokle.de/ s'Bokle] is a German music pub. Their events calendar has been marked up with hCalendar.
** improper use of rrule --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 16:04, 6 Jan 2006 (PST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCalendars. If you have an hCalendar implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== Authoring ===
Implementations you can use to author, create, and publish hCalendar events.

==== Blogging and CMS tools ====
;Midgard CMS : [http://www.midgard-project.org/documentation/net-nemein-calendar/ Midgard CMS - net.nemein.calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]

;Drupal module : [http://hybernaut.com/upcoming-hcal Drupal Upcoming.org syndication module emits hCalendar]
;MovableType and WordPress plug-ins : [http://structuredblogging.org/formats.php StructuredBlogging] is a set of plugins [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for WordPress] and [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for MovableType] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts.
;Textpattern plug-in : [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].

==== Browser scripts and plug-ins ====
Browser plugins that work with existing authoring tools:
; Any browser with javascript and a little bit of CSS : [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator microformats.org hCalendar creator] (see also original: [http://theryanking.com/ Ryan King] has an [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar creator]).
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar creator : [http://www.decafbad.com/blog/2005/06/08/greasemonkey_magic magic_hcalendar Greasemonkey user script by Les Orchard] - allows easy form entry of an event into any textarea, e.g. into a blog post text area.
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar to Google Calendar: [http://torrez.us Elias Torres] has created a [http://torrez.us/archives/2006/04/13/431/ simple script] that will parse hCalendar entries and create a link to add event to [http://www.google.com/calendar/ Google Calendar's] service. Based on [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats George's] and [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats Arve's] work.

==== Desktop Authoring Tools ====
;Dreamweaver Extension : [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Extension suite] for Dreamweaver 8 from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project].
;xfy :
In [https://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations.

* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=25 hCalendar via RSS] parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=19&lid=23 hCalendar Marker XVCD] helps to mark up an event information in XHTML document with hCalendar.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=17 Simple RDF Calendar XVCD] is a schedule tool which uses RDF Calendar format. It also converts RDF Calendar format to iCalendar and hCalendar format.

=== Search and Discovery ===

* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].

=== Conversion and Import ===
Implementations you can use to importing into a Calendar Application, typically by converting hCalendar to iCalendar/vCalendar.

==== Web Services ====
These return iCalendar (.ics) and other calendar formats for easy importing into typical calendar programs or other processing.
* [http://feeds.technorati.com/events Technorati Events Feed service] uses X2V library to parse hCalendar and return iCalendar (.ics). Note friendly URL, e.g. http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http%3A//microformats.org
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] parses hCalendar and produces a .ics (iCalendar) stream. Note: needs to be updated to track changes in the specification as they occur.
* [http://lifelint.net/ Life Lint Parser] parses hCalendar and produces .ics, .rdf and debugging information and attempts to be more fully compliant to the iCal standard than previous implementations. It can be used in the same manner as X2V. Can output iCal (w optional Outlook 2002 compat), and RDF.
* [http://spanningsalesforce.com/ Spanning Salesforce] produces hCalendar-enabled RSS feeds and .ics calendars from Salesforce.com.

==== Firefox Greasemonkey Plugins ====
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has built a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script that detects hCalendar events and allows users to easily add them to their calendar application(s)].
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCalendar events, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCalendar to vCalendar conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''

==== Aggregators ====
* [http://kula.jp/software/endo/screenshots/ Endo], an OS X aggregator, supports discovering hCal and adding those events to iCal. Look at the last screenshot at the bottom of the page.

=== Browsing ===
Implementations that detect, display and otherwise highlight hCalendar events in pages.

* In [http://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations. "hCalendar via RSS" parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [http://web.mit.edu/glasser/www/JSCalendar/ JSCalendar] parses hCalendar and produces a displayable HTML table/CSS-based calendar.

==== Firefox extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails is a Firefox Extension] that will display the presence of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage.

==== Flock extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar

=== Libraries ===
Open source libraries of hCalendar parsers and other related code for building hCalendar implementations.
; Javascript : [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats simple hCalendar parser] by [http://virtuelvis.com/ Arve Bersvendsen]
; PHP : [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.
; Ruby : [http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
; XSLT :
* X2V is available as an XSLT library
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] by [[User:DanC]] includes toICal.xsl and test materials; it works much like xhtml2vcal.xsl in X2V. See also: [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ RDF Calendar workspace] with icalendar test materials.

=== Potential implementations ===

These are open source projects that could be potentially enhanced to support hCalendar.

* [http://www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php?topic=About WebCalendar]
* [http://phpicalendar.net/documentation/index.php?title=Main_Page PHP iCalendar]
* [http://www.vcalendar.org VCalendar]
* Investigation: [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Calendar_Talk:Lightning#hCalendar_publish_and_subscribe_support Mozilla Calendar / Lightning / Sunbird hCalendar support discussion]

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [[hcard|hCard]]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt iCalendar RFC2445]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcalendar hCalendar term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt iCal-Basic draft 04]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Related ====
* [[icalendar-implementations|iCalendar implementations]]
* [[hcalendar-tests]]
* [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ IETF-calsify archives]
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>"Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''"</blockquote>

* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]

=== Similar Work ===
* [[XOXO]]

== Discussions ==

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. There is a separate document where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCalendar:

* [[hcalendar-brainstorming]]

* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page].
** [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/01/11.html#a1368 Moving forward with microformats] by [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell Jon Udell] provides an hCalendar example and some discussion.

=== Q&A ===
* If you have any questions about hCalendar, check the [[hcalendar-faq]], and if you don't find answers, add your questions!

=== Issues ===
* Please add any issues with the specification to the separate [[hcalendar-issues]] document.

hcalendar

2006-06-14T06:53:14Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Example */

<h1> hCalendar </h1>

hCalendar is a simple, open, distributed calendaring and events format, based on the iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. hCalendar is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] event? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] to write up an event and publish it.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

; Editor : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
; Authors : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
: [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to:
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.

== Introduction ==
The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "iCal" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==

{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==

=== In General ===

The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]) forms the basis of hCalendar.

Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ "iCal-Basic" effort] and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.

The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===

However, for some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:
* <code>URL</code> in iCalendar becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vevent"</code> in hCalendar.
* <code>ATTENDEE</code>, <code>CONTACT</code>, and <code>ORGANIZER</code> in iCalendar may be represented by an [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar .
* A named <code>LOCATION</code> (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar may be represented by a nested [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar. Similarly, an address <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by an [[adr]], and a geo (latitude and longitude) <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by a [[geo]].
* <code>UID</code> in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
If an <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value. This specification recommends that such <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:
* DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE

== Example ==

Here is a sample event in an iCalendar:
<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
DTSTART:20051005
DTEND:20051008
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-07">7</abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</a>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
which could be displayed as:

[http://www.web2con.com/ Web 2.0 Conference: October 5-7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA]

Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format. When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.

Note 2: A surrounding <code><nowiki><span class="vcalendar"></nowiki></code> element is optional, and is left out as such. It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered. The implied context/scope is that of the document. Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.

Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

Note 4: ISO8601 dates (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly. In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context. Thus <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements are used to simultaneously provide a human friendly date and/or time in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 datetime in the 'title' attribute.
The notation YYYY-MM-DD should be used for better readability.

Note 5: The difference between the DTEND ISO8601 date (2005-10-08) and the human readable date (7) is NOT a mistake. [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/2005-September/000769.html DTEND is exclusive], meaning, that the event ends just before the DTEND. Thus for events which start on one day and end on another day, the DTEND date must be specified as the day after the day that a human would say is the last day of the event.

Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]]. See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.

See [[hcalendar-examples]] for more hCalendar examples

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have implemented hCalendar, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If events on your pages are marked up with hCalendar, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://www.thesession.org/events/ The Session events] uses hCalendar to mark up concerts, festivals and workshops related to Irish traditional music.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle ncl.rb] uses hCalendar to mark up new meetings.
* [http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/ World Cup KickOff] where you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game of the 2006 football World Cup!
** This link was on the [http://www.lifehacker.com/software/sports/world-cup-start-times-for-ical-etc-175393.php Lifehackers site] and made its way to the yahoo news site:

Mon May 22, 4:00 PM ET
The World Cup, one of the world's most watched sporting events, is almost upon us. If you've ever tried to follow your favorite team through the Cup you know that it can sometimes be difficult to know when they're on. World Cup Kickoff can help.

World Cup KickOff is all you will ever need for knowing all the match details for the upcoming World Cup 2006. Whether you use your mobile phone, MS Outlook, Apple iCal or Mozilla Calendar, you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game!
ADVERTISEMENT

Next tip? We'll show you how to get up at 2 AM to watch your matches. ;0) Thanks to Tom for the tip!

* [http://gross.org.za/calendar GROSSUG Calendar] - Uses hCalendar to mark up meetings and other events.
* [http://www.socaltech.com socalTECH] is a news and information site. Their front page event listing is marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://www.webanalyticsassociation.org/en/calendarevents/search.asp Web Analytics Association] - hCalendar microformat is in place on all Tendenci sites on the calendar events search page and consolidated list page.
* [http://www.tendenci.com/en/calendarevents/search.asp Tendenci Calendar Events] with hCalendar
* [http://www.argolon.com/2006/04/17/web20-conference-in-dublin/ Web2.0 Conference in Dublin] hCalendar event
* [http://www.meetup.com/ Meetup.com] has marked up [http://www.meetup.com/cities/us/ny/new_york city event calendars], [http://photo.meetup.com/100/events/ group event lists], and [http://www.meetup.com/ signed-in homepages] with hCalendar.
* [http://ukwindsurfing.com/ ukwindsurfing.com] has marked upcoming events with hCalendar, and the [http://ukwindsurfing.com/events/ events page] in a table.
* [http://ocono.com/ ocono.com] has marked up it's "Upcoming Events" list with hCalendar.
* [http://www.austinbloggers.org/ Austin Bloggers] has marked up their "Upcoming Events" box with hCalendar ([http://www.austinbloggers.org/blog/a/001123.html announcement]).
* Ning's cloneable Group app has [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=list event calendar] and [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=view&id=727220 event detail] pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* The National Arbor Day Foundation has started using hCalendars for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] features a vevent for the next meeting information.
* [http://www.stateofflux.com/ State of Flux street art site] has started adding events in hCalendar format
* The [http://barcamp.org/#BarCamps BarCamp home page lists upcoming BarCamps marked up with hCalendar] and even has a "Subscribe..." link.
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the schedule and events for the week with hCalendar.
* [http://www.code4lib.org/2006/schedule code4lib Conference 2006 Schedule] is marked up with hCalendar as [http://www.code4lib.org/node/65 announced on their blog].
* [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754 IEEE 754 Working Group] - trying hCalendar for upcoming meetings.
* [http://www.pehuen.org/node/494 Elecciones 2005 Chile] - the first spanish language hCalendar event found in the wild.
* [http://www.codewitch.org/it/2005/11/17/no-creative-commons-no-party/ Giocolando » No Creative Commons? No Party!] is marked up with hCalendar
* [http://www.cmprofessionals.org/events/calendar.html CM Pros Events Calendar] by Bob Doyle
* [http://www.midgard-project.org/community/events/ Midgard CMS Event calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/schedule/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Schedule] - hCalendar markup [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ added by Scott Reynen]
* [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/posts/00000011.html Upcoming events on Jason A.R. Moody Amusements Weblog] posted by Jason Moody on 15 Oct 2005. [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/index.html His weblog] in general has hCalendar events posted inside the blog posts.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/tracks-sessions-schedule.html Syndicate - Tracks & Sessions]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/program.html Web 2.0 Conference schedule page marked up with hCalendar]
* [http://www.thisiscmon.com/ C'MON] is a rock band from Canada, and their [http://www.thisiscmon.com/shows/ tour dates] have been marked up by [http://www.d2digitalmedia.com/ Ray Dickman] with hCalendar.
* [http://ifreebusy.com/ ifreebusy.com] will display freebusy information using hCalendar. See this [http://ifreebusy.com/neiljensen/freebusy/ example].
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
* [http://www.asdvbonaparte.nl/ ASDV Bonaparte] is a Dutch debating society. Their events calendar has been marked up with the hCalendar conventions.
* [http://chocnvodka.blogware.com/blog Suw Charman] has marked up [http://suw.org.uk/archives/category/events/ her events] with hCalendar.
* [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/ Blog Business Summit] has published their [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/details.htm event details] marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://eventful.com Eventful.com] publishes all events with hCalendar and venues with [[hcard|hCard]]. Took them only 15 minutes to implement both! Their Atom feeds also contain hCalendar/hCard.
* [http://upcoming.org Upcoming.org] publishes all events and lists of events with hCalendar. Took them only an hour to add hCalendar support to the site.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/ Laughing Squid Calendar] events, [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/9949/2005/5/9 e.g. this party], now supports hCalendar.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCalendar event information for upcoming concerts. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCalendar events for all past concerts.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://iceoasis.shrub.ca/ unofficial schedule site] publishes hCalendar information for upcoming hockey games at [http://www.iceoasis.com/ Ice Oasis]
* [http://www.complexspiral.com/ Complex Spiral Consulting], both in the "Events" box on left side, and the separate [http://www.complexspiral.com/events/ Events page].
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts], specifically the "Events" roll in the right-most column.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/holidays/ Lesser Known Holidays], a list of holidays on [http://suda.co.uk suda.co.uk] that can be imported via iCal and hCal so you can compare actual transformation versus intended.
* [http://norman.walsh.name/2005/itinerary/ Norm Walsh's travel schedule] use hCalendar as well as GRDDL.
* [http://www.policyawareweb.org/2005/ftf2/paw-mtg Policy Aware Web (PAW) Project Meeting] uses hCalendar to record date-related decisions, and uses a vtodo microformat to record action items.
* The [http://www.kiez-ev.de/ Kiez] is a small cinema and has published its [http://www.kiez-ev.de/programm.htm program] marked up with hCalendar.
* The [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems] publishes it's [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/cfps list of notable CfPs on dependability and security] with hCalendar-todo elements.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/laughing-squid-10th-anniversary-party/ Laughing Squid 10th Anniversary Party] has an hcalendar page.
* SPRACI has hcalendar versions of its nightlife/clubbing/gigs/festivals listings for many cities worldwide - eg: [http://www.spraci.com/listhcalendar.php?parea=sydney&category=all Events in Sydney] (check the [http://www.spraci.com/api/ API] pages in the faq section of [http://www.spraci.com/ SPRACI] for more info about the area/city keywords and category tags to use to get data for your city/categories
* WWF-Australia events calendars: [http://wwf.org.au/act/events/ What's on], [http://wwf.org.au/act/volunteer/ Volunteer]
* [http://rubyholic.com rubyholic] uses hCalendar to publish calendars for ruby groups.
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/whats-on/ University of Bath What's On] uses hCalendar on individual event pages

=== Examples with some problems ===
* [http://www.bokle.de/ s'Bokle] is a German music pub. Their events calendar has been marked up with hCalendar.
** improper use of rrule --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 16:04, 6 Jan 2006 (PST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCalendars. If you have an hCalendar implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== Authoring ===
Implementations you can use to author, create, and publish hCalendar events.

==== Blogging and CMS tools ====
;Midgard CMS : [http://www.midgard-project.org/documentation/net-nemein-calendar/ Midgard CMS - net.nemein.calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]

;Drupal module : [http://hybernaut.com/upcoming-hcal Drupal Upcoming.org syndication module emits hCalendar]
;MovableType and WordPress plug-ins : [http://structuredblogging.org/formats.php StructuredBlogging] is a set of plugins [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for WordPress] and [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for MovableType] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts.
;Textpattern plug-in : [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].

==== Browser scripts and plug-ins ====
Browser plugins that work with existing authoring tools:
; Any browser with javascript and a little bit of CSS : [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator microformats.org hCalendar creator] (see also original: [http://theryanking.com/ Ryan King] has an [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar creator]).
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar creator : [http://www.decafbad.com/blog/2005/06/08/greasemonkey_magic magic_hcalendar Greasemonkey user script by Les Orchard] - allows easy form entry of an event into any textarea, e.g. into a blog post text area.
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar to Google Calendar: [http://torrez.us Elias Torres] has created a [http://torrez.us/archives/2006/04/13/431/ simple script] that will parse hCalendar entries and create a link to add event to [http://www.google.com/calendar/ Google Calendar's] service. Based on [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats George's] and [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats Arve's] work.

==== Desktop Authoring Tools ====
;Dreamweaver Extension : [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Extension suite] for Dreamweaver 8 from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project].
;xfy :
In [https://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations.

* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=25 hCalendar via RSS] parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=19&lid=23 hCalendar Marker XVCD] helps to mark up an event information in XHTML document with hCalendar.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=17 Simple RDF Calendar XVCD] is a schedule tool which uses RDF Calendar format. It also converts RDF Calendar format to iCalendar and hCalendar format.

=== Search and Discovery ===

* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].

=== Conversion and Import ===
Implementations you can use to importing into a Calendar Application, typically by converting hCalendar to iCalendar/vCalendar.

==== Web Services ====
These return iCalendar (.ics) and other calendar formats for easy importing into typical calendar programs or other processing.
* [http://feeds.technorati.com/events Technorati Events Feed service] uses X2V library to parse hCalendar and return iCalendar (.ics). Note friendly URL, e.g. http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http%3A//microformats.org
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] parses hCalendar and produces a .ics (iCalendar) stream. Note: needs to be updated to track changes in the specification as they occur.
* [http://lifelint.net/ Life Lint Parser] parses hCalendar and produces .ics, .rdf and debugging information and attempts to be more fully compliant to the iCal standard than previous implementations. It can be used in the same manner as X2V. Can output iCal (w optional Outlook 2002 compat), and RDF.
* [http://spanningsalesforce.com/ Spanning Salesforce] produces hCalendar-enabled RSS feeds and .ics calendars from Salesforce.com.

==== Firefox Greasemonkey Plugins ====
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has built a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script that detects hCalendar events and allows users to easily add them to their calendar application(s)].
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCalendar events, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCalendar to vCalendar conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''

==== Aggregators ====
* [http://kula.jp/software/endo/screenshots/ Endo], an OS X aggregator, supports discovering hCal and adding those events to iCal. Look at the last screenshot at the bottom of the page.

=== Browsing ===
Implementations that detect, display and otherwise highlight hCalendar events in pages.

* In [http://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations. "hCalendar via RSS" parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [http://web.mit.edu/glasser/www/JSCalendar/ JSCalendar] parses hCalendar and produces a displayable HTML table/CSS-based calendar.

==== Firefox extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails is a Firefox Extension] that will display the presence of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage.

==== Flock extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar

=== Libraries ===
Open source libraries of hCalendar parsers and other related code for building hCalendar implementations.
; Javascript : [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats simple hCalendar parser] by [http://virtuelvis.com/ Arve Bersvendsen]
; PHP : [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.
; Ruby : [http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
; XSLT :
* X2V is available as an XSLT library
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] by [[User:DanC]] includes toICal.xsl and test materials; it works much like xhtml2vcal.xsl in X2V. See also: [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ RDF Calendar workspace] with icalendar test materials.

=== Potential implementations ===

These are open source projects that could be potentially enhanced to support hCalendar.

* [http://www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php?topic=About WebCalendar]
* [http://phpicalendar.net/documentation/index.php?title=Main_Page PHP iCalendar]
* [http://www.vcalendar.org VCalendar]
* Investigation: [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Calendar_Talk:Lightning#hCalendar_publish_and_subscribe_support Mozilla Calendar / Lightning / Sunbird hCalendar support discussion]

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [[hcard|hCard]]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt iCalendar RFC2445]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcalendar hCalendar term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt iCal-Basic draft 04]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Related ====
* [[icalendar-implementations|iCalendar implementations]]
* [[hcalendar-tests]]
* [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ IETF-calsify archives]
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>"Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''"</blockquote>

* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]

=== Similar Work ===
* [[XOXO]]

== Discussions ==

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. There is a separate document where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCalendar:

* [[hcalendar-brainstorming]]

* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page].
** [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/01/11.html#a1368 Moving forward with microformats] by [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell Jon Udell] provides an hCalendar example and some discussion.

=== Q&A ===
* If you have any questions about hCalendar, check the [[hcalendar-faq]], and if you don't find answers, add your questions!

=== Issues ===
* Please add any issues with the specification to the separate [[hcalendar-issues]] document.

citation-brainstorming

2006-06-06T04:57:18Z

JoeAndrieu: /* Schema */

<h1> Citation Brainstroming </h1>

__TOC__

== Contributors ==

* ...
* ... (a bunch of good folks!)
* Tantek Çelik
* Tim White
* Michael McCracken

== See also ==
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-examples]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-faq]]

== Use Cases ==

To focus the discussion, please add use cases below that will help show what problems the citation microformat will be solving.

I've included two, focusing on consuming information - I've assumed that use cases for generating microformatted content would just involve the desire to enable your content to be consumed better, but I'm interested to see if there's something I'm missing here -Mike

=== Acquiring reference information from the web ===

A user either finds an author's papers page, or is viewing the results of a search and would like to import the information about the displayed papers into their local reference database, for the purposes of cataloging things they've read, adding notes, and using the information to generate later citations, potentially in other forms, such as BibTeX or Docbook, for inclusion in a publication of their own.

Notes: In this case, it isn't important to the user what format the citation takes as displayed on the page where they find it. What *is* important is that it contains enough information to allow generation of the format they will ultimately re-publish it in. This implies that it may be worthwhile to err a little on the side of verbosity.

Also, links to downloadable full representations of the cited work are very important - e.g. a link to the PDF of a journal article, or to a music file.

=== Subscribing to reading lists, periodicals, etc ===

I would like to be able to leverage my news aggregator with hAtom to subscribe to a remote source for citation information, for example:

* a reading list for a seminar
* The publication list for a conference (e.g., subscribe to SIGGRAPH and see the updated conference proceedings every year)
* the issues of a journal
* a particular research group or researcher's publications
* Not just research: a popular author's publications (e.g., [http://www.gladwell.com/archive.html Malcolm Gladwell's Archive])

=== Aggregating reading lists and reviews ===

A citation microformat-specific aggregator could provide a decentralized version of [http://citeulike.org/ CiteULike]. Libraries, authors, research groups, and publishers could mark up their collections, while other people on weblogs or review sites could add tags and reviews.

At least, having a well-adopted microformat would make writing tools like CiteULike much better, since it relies in some cases on screen-scraping publisher web-sites.

== Original hBib Discussion ==

During the WWW2005 Developer's Day [[microformats]] track, Rohit Khare gave a [[presentations|presentation]] where he discussed the microformats [[process]], and then did a quick demonstration wherein a bunch of us got on a shared Subethaedit document, and brainstormed some thoughts on what an "hBib" bibliography citation microformat would look like. Rohit placed the [http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html document on his Commercenet site].

* http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html

''An attempt to summarize and inline the linked document follows. -Mike''

Two major goals were outlined by the group:

* Avoid re-keying references
* Adapt to new journal styles by changing CSS

The fundamental problem was discussed in terms of display - the ability to transform XHTML+hBib into the many journal-specific formats. For example, how to display "et.al" when all authors are present in the source, and how to re-order the elements if a style defines a set order of elements that conflicts with the ordering in the source. Using hCard for authors was agreed on, and the beginnings of an example were shown.

== XHTML Structure ==
With my exprience working X2V and hCa* has taught me what elememts are easy to find and which are not. Since the Citation microformat is very new it is possible to not make a lot of the same errors twice and to make things easier for extracting application to find and imply certain properties.

* There should be some sort of 'root node' that implies all child elements are for the Citation microformat.
* Since most people will have multiple Citation there should be away to represent each Citation object as a unqiue block independant of another. This is to keep the parse from finding 'author' and applying to all citations. Each citation should be in a container (class="???") that scoped from others.
* Perhaps class="hcite" with <code><cite></code> recommended as the root element. E.g. <code><cite class="hcite"></code>

== Citation vs. [[media-info]] ==

What distinguishes a cite from say [[media-info]] (e.g. [[media-info-examples]]) is that a cite is a reference to something explicitly external to the current piece of content or document, whereas [[media-info]] describes information about content embedded or inline in the current document.

== Semantic Meaning ==
One of the guiding priniciple of Microformats is to use the most semantically rich element to describe each node (Point 2 of Semantic XHTML Design Principles: Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc). Since we are dealing with HTML and citations, several elements are candidates to be used to enrich the semantic meaning. [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/text.html CITE, BLOCKQUOTE, Q, A], (are there more?)

The [[citation-brainstorming|Citation Brainstorming Page]] has a few development and ideas about how to give another person credit for a link. Some of the semantic ideas behind their choices of tags can be applied to a full bibliographic type reference. ''Does this sentence make sense only historically? -Mike''

== OCLC's WorldCat for titles ==
Question: what about using something like OCLC's [http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/isbnissnlinking/default.htm WorldCat] for linking titles? - Tim White

== This and That ==
After reading through alot of different citation encoding formats, i noticed that each format was being used in onw of two ways. It was either to describe the Current page (THIS.PAGE) or being used to encode references that point to external resources (THAT.PAGE)

The informatation being encoded was identical for both resources (author, date, name, etc) they just reference different things. For this microformat, i'm not sure if we want to try to solve both problems, or just one? The meta tags in the head element would be the ideal place for information about the THIS.PAGE, but that is not in following with the ideals of microformats where information is human-readable. The THAT.PAGE idea where a list of references is at the end of a document in the form of a bibliography is more inline with the ideals of a microformat where the data is human-readable. That doesn't mean that data about the current document shouldn't be human-readable, so some of the same properties used to reference extermal resources can be used for the current document (THIS.PAGE). To do this a different root item could be used and transforming applications could either extract the citation data about the current page, or information about this page's references.

This is open for discussion, but either way, i believe that the properties used to describe a page will be the same for both THIS and THAT. [http://suda.co.uk/ brian suda]

== More on This and That ==

Citation microformats are being explored as a possibility for citing genealogical information at [http://eatslikeahuman.blogspot.com Dan Lawyer's blog].

This is a case where frequently the citation would refer to (THIS.PAGE), but would have nested within it a reference to (THAT.PAGE), possibly a few levels deep. For instance, a web page might contain data extracted from a microfilm of a census. The citation would need to include information about the web page, information about the microfilm, and information about the census. Genealogical citations are expected to include the repository (where can this book or microfilm be found. Is this the same as ''venue''?). So, at each level the information should contain the repository of the referenced item. A nesting (recursive) mechanism for citation microformats would be useful in this case. Is this the function of the "container" element in the Straw Format?

== Date Formatting ==
Since microformats are all about re-use and the accepted way to encode Date-Time has been pretty much settled, then this is a good place to start when dealing with all the different date citation types.

These are all the different fields from various citation formats that are of temporal nature:
* Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)
* originInfo/dateIssued
* originInfo/dateCreated
* originInfo/dateCaptured
* originInfo/dateOther
* month
* year
* Copyright Year
* Date - Generic
* Date of Confernce
* Date of Publication
* Date of update/revisou/issuance of database record
* Former Date
* Entry Date for Database Record
* Database Update
* Year of Publication

There are several common properties across several citation domains and will certainly be in the citation microformat, the unique instances will need further consideration, otherwise there could be no end to posiblities.

There are also several properties (year, month, Year of publication) that can be extracted from another source. Therefore, if you only encode a more specific property such as; Date of Publication, you can extract the 'year of publication' from that. Since the date-time format we are modeling after is the ISO date-time format, just the Year portion is an acceptable date. So if you ONLY know the year of publication, the you can form a valid 'Date of Publication' as a microformat (which inturn is a valid 'year of publication') - you milage may vary when it comes to importing into citation applications.

...

It seems to me that these can be collapsed to maybe one or two different date properties. As far as the specific human readable formatting of the date, that can be chosen per whatever the presentation style guide says, and the [[datetime-design-pattern]] used to simplify the markup. - Tantek

== Tags ==
Some of the citation formats has a place for 'keywords' or 'generic tags', etc. This might be a good place to re-use the [http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-tag RelTag microformat]. The downside would be that they are then forced to be links, which might be the correct way to mark-up these terms.

== MARC / MODS / Dublin Core ==

The MODS ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgmods.xml example]) and Dublin Core ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgdc.xml example]) transformations of MARC21 may contain some useful ideas.

Here's a first attempt at rewriting the linked examples in XHTML (written in response to a [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-December/002438.html mailing list query about encoding book information with microformats]):

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="book" lang="en">
<h3 class="fn">Arithmetic /</h3>
<p>By <span class="creator"><span class="fn">Sandburg, Carl</span>,
<span class="date">1878-1967</span></span>,
and <span class="illustrator">Rand, Ted</span></p>
<p>Publisher: <span class="publisher"><span class="fn">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</span>,
<span class="locality">San Diego</span></span></p>
<p>Published: <span class="issued">1993</span></p>
<p class="description">A poem about numbers and their characteristics. Features
anamorphic, or distorted, drawings which can be restored to normal by viewing
from a particular angle or by viewing the image's reflection in the provided
Mylar cone.</p>
<p class="note">One Mylar sheet included in pocket.</p>
<p>Subjects:</p>
<ul>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">Children's poetry, American.</li>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">American poetry</li>
<li class="subject">Visual perception</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== Basic Citation Stuctures ==
There are basic structures to any citation, this is an overview of some of the types
[http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html]

== Brian's Straw format ==

=== implied schema (examples) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ journal
+ volume
+ issue
+ page
+ edition
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ copyright
- audience

=== implied schema (formats) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ volume
+ pages
+ edition
+ issue
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ date copyrighted
- subtitle
- image
- excerpt
- index terms
- series title
- publication
- journal
- part (1 of X)

UNION of the two schemas
+ (PLUS) means common properties
- (MINUS) means unique to the schema

=== Example ===
<pre>
<nowiki>
<ul class="bibliography">
<li class="citation" xml:lang="en-gb">


<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class="fn org">ABC Publishing Co.</span>
<span class="country-name">United Kingdom</span>
...
</div>


<div class="creator vcard">
<span class="fn n"><span class="given-name">John <span class="family-name">Doe</span></span>
...
</div>


<span class="title">Foobar!</span>
<span class="description">World Class Book about foobar</span>
<span class="volume">1</span>
<span class="issue">1</span>
<span class="edition">1</span>
<span class="pages">1-10</span>
<span class="format">article</span>


<span class="identifier">12345678</span>


<span class="keyword">foo</span>
<span class="keyword">bar</span>


Published <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">January 1st 1006</abbr>
Copyright <abbr class="copyright" title="20060101">2006</abbr>
</li>
...
</ul>

<p class="citation">Have you read <span class="title"><abbr title="book" class="format">Foo Bar</abbr></span>?
It was written by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">John Doe</span></span>.
It only came out a <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">few months ago</abbr></p>
</nowiki>
</pre>

Note: the "format" property above is incorrect. Format would refer more the physical characteristics of an item, rather than its type or genre (e.g. "article", "book", etc.). I'd rather have the main class for the li be "article" in this context, than the fairly meaningless "citation." Of course, one could have both, which would be fine too. -- bruce

Note: Could we use ROLE from hCard to identify editors, translators, authors, etc?

== Mike straw format suggestion ==

In the interests of starting debate and having something concrete to fix, I suggest the following structure for a format. It is probably very incomplete and I claim no microformat expertise. I'm just trying to follow existing patterns. Comments and ridicule are both solicited. -Mike

=== In General ===

The ''citation'' format is based on a set of fields common to many bibliographic data formats, which are often implied by standard citation display styles but not explicitly marked up in practice on the web.

=== Schema ===

The citation schema consists of the following:

* cite
** title: required, text (class = fn)
** subtitle: optional, text
** authors: optional, use hCard
** publication date: optional
** link(s) to instantiations, optional, url or use rel-enclosure? (class=url)
** UID, optional (for ISBN, DOI - use existing uid class) | permalink
** series (aka volume/issuenum) , optional (''not as sure how to handle these - suggestions?'')
** pages: startpage & endpage, optional, text
** venue, optional (hCard)
** publisher, optional (hCard)
** container: optional (nested hCite)
** abstract, optional (blockquote + class="abstract" ?)
** notes, optional (blockquote + class="notes" ?)
** keywords, optional (rel-tag)
** image, optional (for inclusion inline, unlike the url)
** copyright, optional (rel-license)
** ''what else am I missing?''
*** language, optional

''Looks good, but I question the use of hCard for names. Due to ambiguity issues, requring hCard would lead to extra markup in order to apply just a name, hence [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003487.html the need for a root element]. We should extract the N optimization of hCard like we did with adr, in order to ease this problem.'' --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

Perhaps a Retrieved Date or Access Date would be appropriate for citing online resources. For example at http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html
you see citations like this<nowiki>:</nowiki>
<blockquote>
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
</blockquote>
--[[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]]

=== Examples ===

The following are translations into the ''citation'' format.

Note: some of these are just placeholders right now. Please feel free to fill them in!

==== Citing Private Communication ====
* published-date seems a weird fit, but it works...
private communication, Michael Jordan, May 2004

Needs a formatted example.

==== Citing Legal Cases ====
Needs an example. Here's some info I found about citing law:

I'm not a lawyer, so I'm relying on the published [http://www.legalbluebook.com "blue book" standard], at least the only part of it I can get without paying $25. I'd be happy to hear improvements from experts in the field - how do lawyers mark up references to case law in HTML now?

From groklaw.net and eff.org, I find mostly just links to PDFs with the name of the case as the link text. Or just this, from EFF:
<pre><nowiki>
<h1>The Betamax Case</h1>
<h2>Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)</h2>
</nowiki></pre>

From an example at the sample bluepages: http://www.legalbluebook.com/pdfs/bluepages.pdf
5 basic components:
*1 name of the case (citation title)
*2 published source in which case may be found (citation containing publication?)
*3 a parenthetical indicating the court and year of decision (citation venue?)
*4 other parenthetical information, if any (citation notes?)
*5 subsequent history of the case, if any (citation notes?)

Here's two examples from the bluebook. Note that there are very strict rules about abbreviations in that source!

Holland v. Donnelly, 216 F. Supp. 2d 227, 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2002), aff'd, 324 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2003).

Green v. Georgia, 442 U.S. 95, 97 (1979) (per curiam) (holding that exclusion of relevant evidence at sentencing hearing constitutes denial of due process).

==== Citing a Book ====

needs an example

==== Citing a journal article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a magazine article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a Patent ====

Patents are often just cited by number. Here's a citation that accomplishes the same thing with some extra information:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/search-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=tevanian&OS=tevanian&RS=tevanian">US Patent #6,704,928</a>
<span class="author vcard">Richard Shann</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20000828T0000-0500">August 28, 2000</abbr>
<blockquote class="abstract">
An executable program is prepared from a plurality of object code modules, at least one of the object code modules including section data specifying a plurality of code sequences each associated with relocation instructions identifying condition parameters. Only one of the code sequences is selected for inclusion in the executable program, determined by whether the condition for that parameter is satisfied. A linker for preparing the executable program includes a stack, a relocation module for reading the relocations, carrying out the relocation operations and selecting code sequences for inclusion in the executable program in dependence on values taken from the stack, a section data module for holding section data which is subject to the relocation operations, and a program forming module for preparing executable programs. Also disclosed is a method of assembling an object code module such that the assembled object code module includes the conditional code sequences.</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing a conference publication====

Based on the following reference, plus some more information from the ACM site and a little of my own input (the tags)

L. Hochstein, J. Carver, F. Shull, S. Asgari, V. Basili, J. K. Hollingsworth, and M. Zelkowitz, “Hpc programmer productivity: A case study of novice hpc programmers,” in Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, 2005.

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<span class="author vcard">Lorin Hochstein</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeff Carver </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Forrest Shull </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Sima Asgari</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Victor Basili</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth</span>, and
<span class="author vcard"> Marv Zelkowitz</span>,
<a class="fn url" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">HPC Programmer Productivity: A Case Study of Novice HPC Programmers</a>.
<cite class="container citation">
<a class="fn url" href="">Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20051126T0000-0800">2005</abbr>
</cite>
page <span class="startpage">35</span>
<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class=" fn">IEEE Computer Society
</span>
<div class="adr">
<span class="locality">Washington</span>,
<span class="region">DC</span>
</div>
</div>
<a class="url instantiation" href="http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1105800&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68330711&CFTOKEN=39187329">PDF of full text from ACM</a>

DOI: <a class="url uid" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">10.1109/SC.2005.53</a>
Tags: <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/productivity" rel="tag">productivity</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/hpc" rel="tag">hpc</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/performance" rel="tag">performance</a>
<blockquote class="abstract">In developing High-Performance Computing (HPC) software, time to solution is an important metric. This metric is comprised of two main components: the human effort required developing the software, plus the amount of machine time required to execute it. To date, little empirical work has been done to study the first component: the human effort required and the effects of approaches and practices that may be used to reduce it. In this paper, we describe a series of studies that address this problem. We instrumented the development process used in multiple HPC classroom environments. We analyzed data within and across such studies, varying factors such as the parallel programming model used and the application being developed, to understand their impact on the development process.
</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing an external website ====

This is based on a formal citation of a website in the references section of a research paper, but could also be used for in-line links that had added information. Here's the original:

[25] David Stern, "eprint Moderator Model", http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html (version dated Jan 25, 1999)

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html">eprint Moderator Model</a>
<span class="author vcard">
<a href="http://pantheon.yale.edu/~dstern/dsbio.html" class="url fn">David Stern</a>
</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="19990125T0000-0500">
Jan 25, 1999
</abbr>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

== discussions ==

* [[citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09]]

citation-brainstorming

2006-05-03T08:38:40Z

JoeAndrieu: added suggestion for retrieved date

<h1> Citation Brainstroming </h1>

__TOC__

== Contributors ==

* ...
* ... (a bunch of good folks!)
* Tantek Çelik
* Tim White
* Michael McCracken

== See also ==
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-examples]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-faq]]

== Use Cases ==

To focus the discussion, please add use cases below that will help show what problems the citation microformat will be solving.

I've included two, focusing on consuming information - I've assumed that use cases for generating microformatted content would just involve the desire to enable your content to be consumed better, but I'm interested to see if there's something I'm missing here -Mike

=== Acquiring reference information from the web ===

A user either finds an author's papers page, or is viewing the results of a search and would like to import the information about the displayed papers into their local reference database, for the purposes of cataloging things they've read, adding notes, and using the information to generate later citations, potentially in other forms, such as BibTeX or Docbook, for inclusion in a publication of their own.

Notes: In this case, it isn't important to the user what format the citation takes as displayed on the page where they find it. What *is* important is that it contains enough information to allow generation of the format they will ultimately re-publish it in. This implies that it may be worthwhile to err a little on the side of verbosity.

Also, links to downloadable full representations of the cited work are very important - e.g. a link to the PDF of a journal article, or to a music file.

=== Subscribing to reading lists, periodicals, etc ===

I would like to be able to leverage my news aggregator with hAtom to subscribe to a remote source for citation information, for example:

* a reading list for a seminar
* The publication list for a conference (e.g., subscribe to SIGGRAPH and see the updated conference proceedings every year)
* the issues of a journal
* a particular research group or researcher's publications
* Not just research: a popular author's publications (e.g., [http://www.gladwell.com/archive.html Malcolm Gladwell's Archive])

=== Aggregating reading lists and reviews ===

A citation microformat-specific aggregator could provide a decentralized version of [http://citeulike.org/ CiteULike]. Libraries, authors, research groups, and publishers could mark up their collections, while other people on weblogs or review sites could add tags and reviews.

At least, having a well-adopted microformat would make writing tools like CiteULike much better, since it relies in some cases on screen-scraping publisher web-sites.

== Original hBib Discussion ==

During the WWW2005 Developer's Day [[microformats]] track, Rohit Khare gave a [[presentations|presentation]] where he discussed the microformats [[process]], and then did a quick demonstration wherein a bunch of us got on a shared Subethaedit document, and brainstormed some thoughts on what an "hBib" bibliography citation microformat would look like. Rohit placed the [http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html document on his Commercenet site].

* http://cnlabs.commerce.net/~rohit/hBib%20Discussion.html

''An attempt to summarize and inline the linked document follows. -Mike''

Two major goals were outlined by the group:

* Avoid re-keying references
* Adapt to new journal styles by changing CSS

The fundamental problem was discussed in terms of display - the ability to transform XHTML+hBib into the many journal-specific formats. For example, how to display "et.al" when all authors are present in the source, and how to re-order the elements if a style defines a set order of elements that conflicts with the ordering in the source. Using hCard for authors was agreed on, and the beginnings of an example were shown.

== XHTML Structure ==
With my exprience working X2V and hCa* has taught me what elememts are easy to find and which are not. Since the Citation microformat is very new it is possible to not make a lot of the same errors twice and to make things easier for extracting application to find and imply certain properties.

* There should be some sort of 'root node' that implies all child elements are for the Citation microformat.
* Since most people will have multiple Citation there should be away to represent each Citation object as a unqiue block independant of another. This is to keep the parse from finding 'author' and applying to all citations. Each citation should be in a container (class="???") that scoped from others.
* Perhaps class="hcite" with <code><cite></code> recommended as the root element. E.g. <code><cite class="hcite"></code>

== Citation vs. [[media-info]] ==

What distinguishes a cite from say [[media-info]] (e.g. [[media-info-examples]]) is that a cite is a reference to something explicitly external to the current piece of content or document, whereas [[media-info]] describes information about content embedded or inline in the current document.

== Semantic Meaning ==
One of the guiding priniciple of Microformats is to use the most semantically rich element to describe each node (Point 2 of Semantic XHTML Design Principles: Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc). Since we are dealing with HTML and citations, several elements are candidates to be used to enrich the semantic meaning. [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/text.html CITE, BLOCKQUOTE, Q, A], (are there more?)

The [[citation-brainstorming|Citation Brainstorming Page]] has a few development and ideas about how to give another person credit for a link. Some of the semantic ideas behind their choices of tags can be applied to a full bibliographic type reference. ''Does this sentence make sense only historically? -Mike''

== OCLC's WorldCat for titles ==
Question: what about using something like OCLC's [http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open/isbnissnlinking/default.htm WorldCat] for linking titles? - Tim White

== This and That ==
After reading through alot of different citation encoding formats, i noticed that each format was being used in onw of two ways. It was either to describe the Current page (THIS.PAGE) or being used to encode references that point to external resources (THAT.PAGE)

The informatation being encoded was identical for both resources (author, date, name, etc) they just reference different things. For this microformat, i'm not sure if we want to try to solve both problems, or just one? The meta tags in the head element would be the ideal place for information about the THIS.PAGE, but that is not in following with the ideals of microformats where information is human-readable. The THAT.PAGE idea where a list of references is at the end of a document in the form of a bibliography is more inline with the ideals of a microformat where the data is human-readable. That doesn't mean that data about the current document shouldn't be human-readable, so some of the same properties used to reference extermal resources can be used for the current document (THIS.PAGE). To do this a different root item could be used and transforming applications could either extract the citation data about the current page, or information about this page's references.

This is open for discussion, but either way, i believe that the properties used to describe a page will be the same for both THIS and THAT. [http://suda.co.uk/ brian suda]

== More on This and That ==

Citation microformats are being explored as a possibility for citing genealogical information at [http://eatslikeahuman.blogspot.com Dan Lawyer's blog].

This is a case where frequently the citation would refer to (THIS.PAGE), but would have nested within it a reference to (THAT.PAGE), possibly a few levels deep. For instance, a web page might contain data extracted from a microfilm of a census. The citation would need to include information about the web page, information about the microfilm, and information about the census. Genealogical citations are expected to include the repository (where can this book or microfilm be found. Is this the same as ''venue''?). So, at each level the information should contain the repository of the referenced item. A nesting (recursive) mechanism for citation microformats would be useful in this case. Is this the function of the "container" element in the Straw Format?

== Date Formatting ==
Since microformats are all about re-use and the accepted way to encode Date-Time has been pretty much settled, then this is a good place to start when dealing with all the different date citation types.

These are all the different fields from various citation formats that are of temporal nature:
* Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)
* originInfo/dateIssued
* originInfo/dateCreated
* originInfo/dateCaptured
* originInfo/dateOther
* month
* year
* Copyright Year
* Date - Generic
* Date of Confernce
* Date of Publication
* Date of update/revisou/issuance of database record
* Former Date
* Entry Date for Database Record
* Database Update
* Year of Publication

There are several common properties across several citation domains and will certainly be in the citation microformat, the unique instances will need further consideration, otherwise there could be no end to posiblities.

There are also several properties (year, month, Year of publication) that can be extracted from another source. Therefore, if you only encode a more specific property such as; Date of Publication, you can extract the 'year of publication' from that. Since the date-time format we are modeling after is the ISO date-time format, just the Year portion is an acceptable date. So if you ONLY know the year of publication, the you can form a valid 'Date of Publication' as a microformat (which inturn is a valid 'year of publication') - you milage may vary when it comes to importing into citation applications.

...

It seems to me that these can be collapsed to maybe one or two different date properties. As far as the specific human readable formatting of the date, that can be chosen per whatever the presentation style guide says, and the [[datetime-design-pattern]] used to simplify the markup. - Tantek

== Tags ==
Some of the citation formats has a place for 'keywords' or 'generic tags', etc. This might be a good place to re-use the [http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-tag RelTag microformat]. The downside would be that they are then forced to be links, which might be the correct way to mark-up these terms.

== MARC / MODS / Dublin Core ==

The MODS ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgmods.xml example]) and Dublin Core ([http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/Sandburg/sandburgdc.xml example]) transformations of MARC21 may contain some useful ideas.

Here's a first attempt at rewriting the linked examples in XHTML (written in response to a [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-December/002438.html mailing list query about encoding book information with microformats]):

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="book" lang="en">
<h3 class="fn">Arithmetic /</h3>
<p>By <span class="creator"><span class="fn">Sandburg, Carl</span>,
<span class="date">1878-1967</span></span>,
and <span class="illustrator">Rand, Ted</span></p>
<p>Publisher: <span class="publisher"><span class="fn">Harcourt Brace Jovanovich</span>,
<span class="locality">San Diego</span></span></p>
<p>Published: <span class="issued">1993</span></p>
<p class="description">A poem about numbers and their characteristics. Features
anamorphic, or distorted, drawings which can be restored to normal by viewing
from a particular angle or by viewing the image's reflection in the provided
Mylar cone.</p>
<p class="note">One Mylar sheet included in pocket.</p>
<p>Subjects:</p>
<ul>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">Children's poetry, American.</li>
<li class="subject">Arithmetic</li>
<li class="subject">American poetry</li>
<li class="subject">Visual perception</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== Basic Citation Stuctures ==
There are basic structures to any citation, this is an overview of some of the types
[http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html http://www.users.muohio.edu/darcusb/misc/citations-spec.html]

== Brian's Straw format ==

=== implied schema (examples) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ volume
+ issue
+ page
+ edition
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ copyright
- audience

=== implied schema (formats) ===
+ publisher
+ language
+ description
+ title
+ creator
+ volume
+ pages
+ edition
+ issue
+ identifier
+ tags
+ format
+ date published
+ date copyrighted
- subtitle
- image
- excerpt
- index terms
- series title
- publication
- journal
- part (1 of X)

UNION of the two schemas
+ (PLUS) means common properties
- (MINUS) means unique to the schema

=== Example ===
<pre>
<nowiki>
<ul class="bibliography">
<li class="citation" xml:lang="en-gb">


<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class="fn org">ABC Publishing Co.</span>
<span class="country-name">United Kingdom</span>
...
</div>


<div class="creator vcard">
<span class="fn n"><span class="given-name">John <span class="family-name">Doe</span></span>
...
</div>


<span class="title">Foobar!</span>
<span class="description">World Class Book about foobar</span>
<span class="volume">1</span>
<span class="issue">1</span>
<span class="edition">1</span>
<span class="pages">1-10</span>
<span class="format">article</span>


<span class="identifier">12345678</span>


<span class="keyword">foo</span>
<span class="keyword">bar</span>


Published <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">January 1st 1006</abbr>
Copyright <abbr class="copyright" title="20060101">2006</abbr>
</li>
...
</ul>

<p class="citation">Have you read <span class="title"><abbr title="book" class="format">Foo Bar</abbr></span>?
It was written by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">John Doe</span></span>.
It only came out a <abbr class="dtpublished" title="20060101">few months ago</abbr></p>
</nowiki>
</pre>

Note: the "format" property above is incorrect. Format would refer more the physical characteristics of an item, rather than its type or genre (e.g. "article", "book", etc.). I'd rather have the main class for the li be "article" in this context, than the fairly meaningless "citation." Of course, one could have both, which would be fine too. -- bruce

== Mike straw format suggestion ==

In the interests of starting debate and having something concrete to fix, I suggest the following structure for a format. It is probably very incomplete and I claim no microformat expertise. I'm just trying to follow existing patterns. Comments and ridicule are both solicited. -Mike

=== In General ===

The ''citation'' format is based on a set of fields common to many bibliographic data formats, which are often implied by standard citation display styles but not explicitly marked up in practice on the web.

=== Schema ===

The citation schema consists of the following:

* cite
** title: required, text (class = fn)
** subtitle: optional, text
** authors: optional, use hCard
** publication date: optional
** link(s) to instantiations, optional, url or use rel-enclosure? (class=url)
** UID, optional (for ISBN, DOI - use existing uid class) | permalink
** series (aka volume/issuenum) , optional (''not as sure how to handle these - suggestions?'')
** pages: startpage & endpage, optional, text
** venue, optional (hCard)
** publisher, optional (hCard)
** container: optional (nested hCite)
** abstract, optional (blockquote + class="abstract" ?)
** notes, optional (blockquote + class="notes" ?)
** keywords, optional (rel-tag)
** image, optional (for inclusion inline, unlike the url)
** copyright, optional (rel-license)
** ''what else am I missing?''
*** language, optional

''Looks good, but I question the use of hCard for names. Due to ambiguity issues, requring hCard would lead to extra markup in order to apply just a name, hence [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-March/003487.html the need for a root element]. We should extract the N optimization of hCard like we did with adr, in order to ease this problem.'' --[[User:RCanine|Ryan Cannon]]

Perhaps a Retrieved Date or Access Date would be appropriate for citing online resources. For example at http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html
you see citations like this<nowiki>:</nowiki>
<blockquote>
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
</blockquote>
--[[User:JoeAndrieu|Joe Andrieu]]

=== Examples ===

The following are translations into the ''citation'' format.

Note: some of these are just placeholders right now. Please feel free to fill them in!

==== Citing Private Communication ====
* published-date seems a weird fit, but it works...
private communication, Michael Jordan, May 2004

Needs a formatted example.

==== Citing Legal Cases ====
Needs an example. Here's some info I found about citing law:

I'm not a lawyer, so I'm relying on the published [http://www.legalbluebook.com "blue book" standard], at least the only part of it I can get without paying $25. I'd be happy to hear improvements from experts in the field - how do lawyers mark up references to case law in HTML now?

From groklaw.net and eff.org, I find mostly just links to PDFs with the name of the case as the link text. Or just this, from EFF:
<pre><nowiki>
<h1>The Betamax Case</h1>
<h2>Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984)</h2>
</nowiki></pre>

From an example at the sample bluepages: http://www.legalbluebook.com/pdfs/bluepages.pdf
5 basic components:
*1 name of the case (citation title)
*2 published source in which case may be found (citation containing publication?)
*3 a parenthetical indicating the court and year of decision (citation venue?)
*4 other parenthetical information, if any (citation notes?)
*5 subsequent history of the case, if any (citation notes?)

Here's two examples from the bluebook. Note that there are very strict rules about abbreviations in that source!

Holland v. Donnelly, 216 F. Supp. 2d 227, 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2002), aff'd, 324 F.3d 99 (2d Cir. 2003).

Green v. Georgia, 442 U.S. 95, 97 (1979) (per curiam) (holding that exclusion of relevant evidence at sentencing hearing constitutes denial of due process).

==== Citing a Book ====

needs an example

==== Citing a journal article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a magazine article ====

needs an example

==== Citing a Patent ====

Patents are often just cited by number. Here's a citation that accomplishes the same thing with some extra information:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/search-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=tevanian&OS=tevanian&RS=tevanian">US Patent #6,704,928</a>
<span class="author vcard">Richard Shann</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20000828T0000-0500">August 28, 2000</abbr>
<blockquote class="abstract">
An executable program is prepared from a plurality of object code modules, at least one of the object code modules including section data specifying a plurality of code sequences each associated with relocation instructions identifying condition parameters. Only one of the code sequences is selected for inclusion in the executable program, determined by whether the condition for that parameter is satisfied. A linker for preparing the executable program includes a stack, a relocation module for reading the relocations, carrying out the relocation operations and selecting code sequences for inclusion in the executable program in dependence on values taken from the stack, a section data module for holding section data which is subject to the relocation operations, and a program forming module for preparing executable programs. Also disclosed is a method of assembling an object code module such that the assembled object code module includes the conditional code sequences.</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing a conference publication====

Based on the following reference, plus some more information from the ACM site and a little of my own input (the tags)

L. Hochstein, J. Carver, F. Shull, S. Asgari, V. Basili, J. K. Hollingsworth, and M. Zelkowitz, “Hpc programmer productivity: A case study of novice hpc programmers,” in Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference, 2005.

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<span class="author vcard">Lorin Hochstein</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeff Carver </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Forrest Shull </span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Sima Asgari</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Victor Basili</span>,
<span class="author vcard"> Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth</span>, and
<span class="author vcard"> Marv Zelkowitz</span>,
<a class="fn url" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">HPC Programmer Productivity: A Case Study of Novice HPC Programmers</a>.
<cite class="container citation">
<a class="fn url" href="">Proceedings of ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="20051126T0000-0800">2005</abbr>
</cite>
page <span class="startpage">35</span>
<div class="publisher vcard">
<span class=" fn">IEEE Computer Society
</span>
<div class="adr">
<span class="locality">Washington</span>,
<span class="region">DC</span>
</div>
</div>
<a class="url instantiation" href="http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1105800&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68330711&CFTOKEN=39187329">PDF of full text from ACM</a>

DOI: <a class="url uid" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SC.2005.53">10.1109/SC.2005.53</a>
Tags: <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/productivity" rel="tag">productivity</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/hpc" rel="tag">hpc</a>, <a href="http://citeulike.org/tag/performance" rel="tag">performance</a>
<blockquote class="abstract">In developing High-Performance Computing (HPC) software, time to solution is an important metric. This metric is comprised of two main components: the human effort required developing the software, plus the amount of machine time required to execute it. To date, little empirical work has been done to study the first component: the human effort required and the effects of approaches and practices that may be used to reduce it. In this paper, we describe a series of studies that address this problem. We instrumented the development process used in multiple HPC classroom environments. We analyzed data within and across such studies, varying factors such as the parallel programming model used and the application being developed, to understand their impact on the development process.
</blockquote>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Citing an external website ====

This is based on a formal citation of a website in the references section of a research paper, but could also be used for in-line links that had added information. Here's the original:

[25] David Stern, "eprint Moderator Model", http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html (version dated Jan 25, 1999)

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="citation">
<a class="fn url" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/scilib/modmodexplain.html">eprint Moderator Model</a>
<span class="author vcard">
<a href="http://pantheon.yale.edu/~dstern/dsbio.html" class="url fn">David Stern</a>
</span>
<abbr class="dtpublished" title="19990125T0000-0500">
Jan 25, 1999
</abbr>
</cite>
</nowiki></pre>

== discussions ==

* [[citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09]]

citation-examples

2006-05-03T08:04:52Z

JoeAndrieu: Added citation of online resource

<h1> Citation Examples </h1>

The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

See also:
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]
* [[citation-faq]]

__TOC__

== Contributors ==
* ...
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]
* Tantek Çelik
* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
* Tim White

== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])

=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29 Original Markup]
* title
* subtitle
* author
* image
* publication date
* pages
* volumes
* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
* Format - (Hardback, softback)
* Price
* ISBN

=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
* title
* subtitle
* author
* ISBN
* Price
* Description

=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]

* Title
* subtitle
* authors
* AuthorsNote
* BookCode (internal code system)
* ISBN
* Page
* Publisher
* Publication Date
* Price
* Availability
* MediaType
* categories
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class

=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]

* ISBN
* Series
* Title
* publisher
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Authors
* Target Audience
* Price
* description

=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]

* title
* subTitle
* edition
* byline
* ISBN
* format - hardback
* publication Date
* price
* description
* related

=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]

* title
* subTitle
* edition
* byline
* image
* isbnNumber
* format - hardback
* pages
* publication Date
* availability
* price

=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]

* title
* excerp
* Volume
* Publisher
* description
* Published date
* ISBN
* Product number (internal code system)
* Pages
* Shipping Weight
* price

== RFC vCard Example ==
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]

* refID (HTML @ID)
* title
* publication
* title
* Journal
* Volume
* Issue
* page
* pubdate
* RFC ID

== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]

* refID (HTML @ID)
* URL
* title
* subtitle
* part (1 of X)
* journal
* authors
* pubdate
* language
* ISO/IEC ID
* RFC ID

[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]

== CiteProc XHTML Output ==
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output Original Markup]

The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

* refID (HTML @ID)
* creator
* role (to indicate editors and translators)
* date
* title
* volume
* issue
* page
* issue
* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
* edition
* publisher
* place
* location (for urls and physical locations)
* access date (for online items)

== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==

The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples Original Markup]

* title
* authors
* Pages
* format (PDF)
* Additional Information
* abstract
* index terms
* journal
* issue
* volume
* pubdate
* DOI

== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]

* title
* authors
* issue
* Volume
* Issue
* pubdate
* Page
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
* Summary

== CiteSeer database search results ==

The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results Original Markup]

* author
* title
* publication (where it was found)
* pages
* publication date
* URL

== CiteULike.org citation listing ==

[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing Original Markup]

* title
* author
* subjects
* image
* Volume
* Number
* publication date
* page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
* Z3988
* DOI
* Pubmed
* Hubmed

== Amazon.com citation info ==

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info Original Markup]

* title
* author
* series title
* page

== PubMed Medical Journal Example ==
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]

* abstract
* title
* publisher
* date/time published
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* PubMedID

== Wikipedia ==
[http://wikpedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further inforamtion sources. The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut; from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations scientific articles] published in journals, to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law legal cases], to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weblog#References conference presentations], to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources primary historical sources].

== Self-Citation Example ==
[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

* title
* author
* periodical (journal) title
* volume
* issue
* pages
* year

== Citation of an Online Resource ==
At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

* title
* publication year
* department/author
* retrieval date
* URL

== Implied schema ==

=== List of all properties ===
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

* title
* subtitle
* author
* editor
* translator
* image
* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
* language
* description/Summary/abstract
* excerpt
* index terms
* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS
* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
* collection (series and so forth)
* event (conference, etc.)
* original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION
* pages
* volume
* series title
* Series
* edition
* issue
* publication
* journal
* part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS
* ISBN
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class
* URL
* RFC ID
* ISO/IEC ID
* DOI
* PubMedID

PUBLISHER
* publisher

These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
* refID (HTML @ID)
* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* Availability
* Price
* Shipping Weight
* related
* Product number (internal system code)
* BookCode (internal system code)
* AuthorsNote
* Additional Information
* Target Audience

=== Analysis of Examples ===
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
* title
* subtitle
* author
* publication date
* description
* pages
* ISBN
* publisher

== Styles ==
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations

faq

2006-04-26T17:33:39Z

JoeAndrieu: added registry/disambiguation questions

<h1> Microformats FAQ </h1>

This page document frequently asked questions about microformats. For frequently asked questions from the [[press]], see [[press-faq]].

__TOC__

== wiki specific questions ==

Q: ''How do I create a username? Why won't it let me use my preferred username?''

A: First, read this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Username . Second, real names are preferred to pseudonyms/handles etc. Real names encourage better transparency and accountability. Third, the most common problem creating a user name is forgetting to caplitalize the first letter of the user name. Try using a WikiCase version of your full name as username, e.g. RyanKing.

== Basic Microformat Questions ==

Q: ''Are microformats dependent upon (X)HTML?''

A: Microformats are made to be embeddable. They can be embedded in (X)HTML, RSS, Atom or anywhere (X)HTML is allowed.

Q: ''Microformats sound great. How can I help?''

A: First of all, take a look at http://microformats.org/discuss to see some ways to join the conversations about microformats.

Q: ''I'd like to make a donation to the microformat cause. How can I do this?''

A: Thank you for your willingness to support microformats. We've only recently started this site and have decided that while we are figuring out exactly how to accept donations, we will be passing along donations to other good causes. Please consider donating to another cause like Red Cross, perhaps directed to help victims of recent natural disasters.

Q: ''Which microformats have been implemented?''

See the [[implementations]] page.

Q: ''Which microformats should I implement?''

A: Chances are you that your website already has data very similar to several microformats. For example, you probably have people and/or their contact information somewhere. That information could be marked up with [[hcard]]. If you are publishing press releases, try using [[hatom]].

Q: ''Do you have any link badges I can add to my website/blog?''

A: Not yet, but we'll post them when we do...

Q. ''Are there any tools that support microformats?''

A. Yes... [[implementations]].

Q. ''What about using new URI schemes instead of class names, e.g. for geo information?''

A. In general, it is more work, and less content-publisher friendly, to ask them to use URI schemes instead of class names.

Authors aren't publishing links to geo information.

They're publishing *visible text* of [[geo]] information.

So the easiest thing to do, for the author, is to leave it as visible text.

Thus, it makes the most sense to do the simple thing of just wrapping that
visible text with a little bit of markup, rather than asking the author to
move (or copy) it into an attribute, which may or may not require a
reformatting of the data as well.

It would make sense from a usability persepective to hyperlink geo information to a maps page or something, so that clicking it actually does something. If you forced them to use a hypothetical "geo:" protocol instead, then that would interfere, since you can only hyperlink something to one destination.

Q: ''Who is the registrar for microformats?''

A: There is no central registry. Microformats are registered in a distributed manner using profiles. For more information on profiles see http://microformats.org/wiki/profile-uris/ and http://gmpg.org/xmdp/

Conflicts and interoperability are managed through social processes rather than a formal registry. Current microformat profiles can be found at http://gmpg.org, http://w3.org, and http://microformats.org.

Q: ''So multiple microformats with the same name can be valid?''

A: Yes. The community at microformats.org can hopefully play a role in determining which is preferred by bringing interested folks together in one place and helping them resolve that question. As long as each microformat maintains a valid profile, each can be used effectively.

== Specific Microformat Questions ==
If you have a question regarding a specific microformat, you may want to check the FAQ specific to that microformat.
* [[hatom-faq]]
* [[hcalendar-faq]]
* [[hcard-faq]]
* [[hreview-faq]]
* [[rel-faq]]
* [[rel-tag-faq]]
* [http://gmpg.org/xfn/faq xfn-faq]
* [[xfolk-faq]]
* [[xmdp-faq]]
* [[xoxo-faq]]

== Class interactions ==

Q. ''Are there issues with page styling when specific class values are used?''

A. There might be. However, any such issues can be easily (trivially) worked around by using contextual selectors.

Q. ''How does the use of class values for semantics interact with the use of class values for attaching CSS styles?''

A. The class attribute takes a space separated set of class names [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 HTML4 reference]. Thus both author and microformat defined class names may be used in the same class attribute. In addition, microformat class names provide the author with a consistent set of class names to use for styling. If the author is already using using specific class names, they can continue to do so, and include microformat class names. If the author is already using a class name that happens to also be a microformat class name, then the author may want to consider using contextual CSS class selectors to make sure that avoid any unintentional styling effects.

See also:
* [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216 A Touch Of Class]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/07.html#classmeaningnotshow Class For Meaning Not For Show]
* [http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2004/07/18/competent-classing Competant Classing], by Eric Meyer for discussion of choosing class names in (X)HTML
* [http://www.microformats.org/blog/2005/10/19/more-than-styling/ Class attributes are about more than styling] - Ryan King dispells common misconceptions about the ''HTML'' class attribute.

== <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> semantics ==

Q. Is it semantically meaningless to use divs?

A. Yes, both <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> have nearly no semantics. <code><div></code> can be used to represent a "division" of the page content. Similarly <code><span></code> can be used to reperesent that that "span" of text has some meaning, but the specifics of what that meaning is undefined by the <code><span></code>.

Q. Does the use of <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> elements add any semantics to web pages?

A. According to the [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.4 spec], <code><div></code> and <code><span></code> "offer a generic mechanism for adding structure to documents." Their only meaning is in dividing documents into sections, and as such, their presence implies that the content within has a specific, but undefined by the element markup, semantic. Thus they are nearly semantic-free.

Q. Why do the examples on the wiki use <code class="element"><span></code> and <code class="element"><div></code> for nearly everything?

A. <code class="element"><span></code> and <code class="element"><div></code> are generic elements in HTML. When you use microformats, you should pick the most specific semantic element available.

== Class semantics ==

Q. ''Do (X)HTML class names have semantics?''

A. The HTML4 specification does not define any particular class values [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF], nor does it define any particular semantic for class values [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF], except that they "may be used for general user agent processing" [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/global.html#h-7.5.2 REF]. However, the [http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328#profile" draft of "Hypertext Links in HTML"], allows for a "profile" to define meanings for those classes. [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP] is a format for defining meta data profiles for (X)HTML, and thus an XMDP profile can be used to define the meanings of class names.

See also:
* [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216 A Touch Of Class]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328 Hypertext Links in HTML]

== Indicating a page contains microformat markup ==

Q. Is there a way to indicate that a given web page contains markup that conforms to one or more microformats?

A. The HTML HEAD element's '<code>profile</code>' attribute alerts applications to the potential presence of microformats. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/global.html#h-7.4.4.3 W3C HTML Specification] describes more about the profile attribute, and the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/description XMDP description] documents how it is used.

== Microformats and Spam ==

Q. Given that Google now looks at hidden content as potential spam, will microformats be considered spam?

A. Microformats aren't meant to disguise semantics -- only provide a mechanism for marking up the content you intend to make visible on a page, typically no more and no less. Where we embed semantic equivalents in the tags themselves (i.e. GMT times in abbr tags for times), it doesn't seem logical that such data could be considered spam.