Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

multilingual-examples

2007-06-22T21:35:19Z

Patfm: /* From Wikipedia */ spam

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

==== Full translations side-by-side ====
* [http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)
* [http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]
* [http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
* [http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

==== Fully translated blogs in one tool ====
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Kafka's Diaries] (de/en)

==== One language per post, language varies ====
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/ Dangereuse Trilingue] (no translations)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (translations for many posts in separate posts)
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej] (Polish in main column, English posts in sidebar)
* [http://fredfred.net/skriker/ skriker] (possibly some multilingual content via global language preference)
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20021127224759/http://polinesia.blogalia.com/ Polinesia] (defunct) Spanish/English/Portuguese

==== Mixed and other ====

* [http://climbtothestars.org/ Climb to the Stars] (all posts have other-language summaries)
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ Serendipity/Diacritics] (some posts in multiple versions, the rest with other-language summaries)
* [http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (some posts togglable by javascript)

==== Separate blogs ====

Not really a solution to the problem stated, more like a workaround

* [http://hoder.com/ Hoder Derakhshan]
* http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/ and http://www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/ (a freelance translator's blog: identical content, but separate comment threads)
* http://www.heartsnatcher.com/ and http://unknowngenius.com/blog/ (different content)
* http://loiclemeur.com/france/ and http://loiclemeur.com/

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-brainstorming

2006-01-25T12:24:58Z

Patfm: /* Previous discussions */ luistxo's site is up again

== Multilingual blogs and sites ==

The boundaries on the web are linguistic. An increasing number of people have multilingual websites and blogs. However, existing blog software, although localizable, is designed with the monolingual author/reader in mind. HTML specs are designed mainly for monolingual web pages.

* How should similar content in different languages (whether translated, re-phrased, abstracted) be organised and related?
* How should blogging software make this possible?
* Three levels of difficulty (or subproblems):
** Markup
** Interface for the reader
** Authoring process
** (And a fourth: integration in specific blogging tools)

The microformat approach to markup can clarify the problem space and lead to simpler work in the interface, authoring and integration stages.

== Readers' perspective ==

Many web authors have a multilingual readership. This means a readership composed of people who are monolingual in language A, monolingual in language B, people who are perfectly bilingual and the whole range of language proficiency in-between. Often, the solution found for "multilingual" content is to create "mirror" versions of a site in different languages. This functions for sites which are static or are maintained by a huge team of people. It is not viable for a blog or forms of publication which encourage people to express themselves online by making it ''easy'' to publish, though translating others' posts can distribute this work.

A multilingual site will be a site containing more than one language. How can it be made friendly for all types of readers -- from monolingual to perfectly bilingual, including monolingual people who have enough working knowledge of other languages to make the effort of trudging through an article in a foreign language if it sounds interesting enough? How can we semantically mark up pages containing more than one language, and create logical links between content expressed in other languages with varying degrees of closeness to the original?

== Successive refinement of meaning ==

=== indicating language of sub-sections ===
pre-existing HTML standards (use lang="xx" on the containing element)
* enables CSS-based show hide, or visual lang indication
* allows parsing of which language is which
=== indicating alternative versions in other languages ===
pre-existing HTML standards (use rel="alternate" hreflang="xx")
=== making meaningful distinctions between the various kinds of alternatives ===
These may be translations, abstracts, paraphrases.
If they are attempted faithful translations, indicating which is the original is useful.
* consider a rel="original" on links (or rev="original" to point to known translations of the current page)
** could combine with [[votelinks]] for approval/disapproval of the translation
If there are separately written posts in different languages on the same topic, the more general rel="alternate" applies
== Examples of current approaches ==
We can start with a multilingual blog safari: [[multilingual-examples]]

== Previous discussions ==

Links to posts which have already reflected on this question or tried to find a solution:

* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/
* http://epeus.blogspot.com/2005_01_01_epeus_archive.html#110513233021128637
* http://blogamundo.net/dev/2005/10/31/a-nice-language-switching-widget/
* http://doocy.net/archives/2005/01/20/the-multilingual-acknowledgement/
* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2004/07/11/multilingual-weblog/
* http://www.zylstra.org/blog/archives/2003/06/multilingual_bl.html
* http://www.mslpr.com/blogworks/archives/2005/06/from_bilingual.html
* http://www.eibar.org/blogak/luistxo/en/68 (original site down?)
* http://due-diligence.typepad.com/blog/2005/01/a_minimal_step_.html
* http://www.zebraincast.com/blog/archives/34 On Loïc Le Meur's blogs (this post in French)

Related documents:

* http://www.la-grange.net/2002/09/03.html
* http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/types.html#type-links

rel-license

2006-01-23T02:03:59Z

Patfm: that was spam

= rel="license" =

Rel-License is a simple, open, format for indicating content licenses which is embedable in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. Rel-License is one of several [[microformats|microformat]] open standards.

__TOC__

== Draft Specification 2005-02-06 ==
=== Author ===
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.] (formerly of [http://microsoft.com/ Microsoft Corporation])

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

== Abstract ==

Rel-License is one of several MicroFormats. By adding <code>rel="license"</code> to a hyperlink, a page indicates that the destination of that hyperlink is license for the current page. E.g. with the following hyperlink:

<pre><nowiki>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" rel="license">cc by 2.0</a>
</nowiki></pre>

the author indicates that the page is licensed under a Creative Commons 2.0 Attribution Required license.

== Multiple Licenses ==
Multiple such rel="license" hyperlinks indicate that the page is available under any of the referred licenses. E.g. the following hyperlinks could be used to declare that a page is available under either a Creative Commons 2.0 Attribution Required license or the Apache 2.0 license:

<pre><nowiki><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/" rel="license">cc by 2.0</a>
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" rel="license">Apache 2.0</a></nowiki></pre>

== XMDP profile ==
<pre><nowiki>
<dl class="profile">
<dt id="rel">rel</dt>
<dd><p>
<a rel="help" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">
HTML4 definition of the 'rel' attribute.</a>
Here is an additional value.</p>
<dl>
<dt id="license">license</dt>
<dd>Indicates that the referred resource is a license for the referring page.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</nowiki></pre>

== Implementations ==
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding rel license and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* [http://creativecommons.org/license/ Creative Commons (cc) license chooser]
* [http://search.yahoo.com/cc Yahoo! (cc) search]
* [http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=29508 Google "Usage Rights" search]

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP]

=== Informative References ===
* 20040211 rel="license" first proposed in presentation [http://tantek.com/presentations/2004etech/realworldsemanticspres.html real world semantics] at 2004 O'Reilly Emerging Technologies Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.
* 20040225 [http://tantek.com/log/2004/02.html#d25t1805 Thorough discussion of rel="license"] including advantages and presentation possibilities.
* [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Creative Commons 2.0 By (Attribution Required) license]
* [http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Apache 2.0 license]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/RelLicense

== see also ==
* See [[rellicense-issues]] for issues which have been raised with this [[microformat]].

multilingual-brainstorming

2006-01-22T13:31:43Z

Patfm: /* Previous discussions */ another discussion in French

== Multilingual blogs and sites ==

The boundaries on the web are linguistic. An increasing number of people have multilingual websites and blogs. However, existing blog software, although localizable, is designed with the monolingual author/reader in mind. HTML specs are designed mainly for monolingual web pages.

* How should similar content in different languages (whether translated, re-phrased, abstracted) be organised and related?
* How should blogging software make this possible?
* Three levels of difficulty (or subproblems):
** Markup
** Interface for the reader
** Authoring process
** (And a fourth: integration in specific blogging tools)

The microformat approach to markup can clarify the problem space and lead to simpler work in the interface, authoring and integration stages.

== Readers' perspective ==

Many web authors have a multilingual readership. This means a readership composed of people who are monolingual in language A, monolingual in language B, people who are perfectly bilingual and the whole range of language proficiency in-between. Often, the solution found for "multilingual" content is to create "mirror" versions of a site in different languages. This functions for sites which are static or are maintained by a huge team of people. It is not viable for a blog or forms of publication which encourage people to express themselves online by making it ''easy'' to publish, though translating others' posts can distribute this work.

A multilingual site will be a site containing more than one language. How can it be made friendly for all types of readers -- from monolingual to perfectly bilingual, including monolingual people who have enough working knowledge of other languages to make the effort of trudging through an article in a foreign language if it sounds interesting enough? How can we semantically mark up pages containing more than one language, and create logical links between content expressed in other languages with varying degrees of closeness to the original?

== Successive refinement of meaning ==

=== indicating language of sub-sections ===
pre-existing HTML standards (use lang="xx" on the containing element)
* enables CSS-based show hide, or visual lang indication
* allows parsing of which language is which
=== indicating alternative versions in other languages ===
pre-existing HTML standards (use rel="alternate" hreflang="xx")
=== making meaningful distinctions between the various kinds of alternatives ===
These may be translations, abstracts, paraphrases.
If they are attempted faithful translations, indicating which is the original is useful.
* consider a rel="original" on links (or rev="original" to point to known translations of the current page)
** could combine with [[votelinks]] for approval/disapproval of the translation
If there are separately written posts in different languages on the same topic, the more general rel="alternate" applies
== Examples of current approaches ==
We can start with a multilingual blog safari: [[multilingual-examples]]

== Previous discussions ==

Links to posts which have already reflected on this question or tried to find a solution:

* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/
* http://epeus.blogspot.com/2005_01_01_epeus_archive.html#110513233021128637
* http://blogamundo.net/dev/2005/10/31/a-nice-language-switching-widget/
* http://doocy.net/archives/2005/01/20/the-multilingual-acknowledgement/
* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2004/07/11/multilingual-weblog/
* http://www.zylstra.org/blog/archives/2003/06/multilingual_bl.html
* http://www.mslpr.com/blogworks/archives/2005/06/from_bilingual.html
* http://web.archive.org/web/20041015024202/www.eibar.org/blogak/luistxo/en/68 (original site down?)
* http://due-diligence.typepad.com/blog/2005/01/a_minimal_step_.html
* http://www.zebraincast.com/blog/archives/34 On Loïc Le Meur's blogs (this post in French)

Related documents:

* http://www.la-grange.net/2002/09/03.html
* http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/types.html#type-links

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T13:29:10Z

Patfm: /* One language per post, language varies */ oops, it's trilingual

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T13:28:13Z

Patfm: /* One language per post, language varies */ add Polinesia

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

==== Full translations side-by-side ====
* [http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)
* [http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]
* [http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
* [http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

==== Fully translated blogs in one tool ====
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Kafka's Diaries] (de/en)

==== One language per post, language varies ====
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/ Dangereuse Trilingue] (no translations)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (translations for many posts in separate posts)
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej] (Polish in main column, English posts in sidebar)
* [http://fredfred.net/skriker/ skriker] (possibly some multilingual content via global language preference)
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20021127224759/http://polinesia.blogalia.com/ Polinesia] (defunct) Spanish/English

==== Mixed and other ====

* [http://climbtothestars.org/ Climb to the Stars] (all posts have other-language summaries)
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ Serendipity/Diacritics] (some posts in multiple versions, the rest with other-language summaries)
* [http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (some posts togglable by javascript)

==== Separate blogs ====

Not really a solution to the problem stated, more like a workaround

* [http://hoder.com/ Hoder Derakhshan]
* http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/ and http://www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/ (a freelance translator's blog: identical content, but separate comment threads)
* http://www.heartsnatcher.com/ and http://unknowngenius.com/blog/ (different content)
* http://loiclemeur.com/france/ and http://loiclemeur.com/

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T11:54:21Z

Patfm: /* Completely separate blogs */

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

* [http://climbtothestars.org/ Climb to the Stars]
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ Serendipity/Diacritics]
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/ Dangereuse Trilingue]
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Franz Kafka's diaries] (de/en)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (many posts translated rather faithfully in English)

===Parallel blogs (not really a solution to the problem stated, more like a workaround)===
* Hoder Derakhshan: [http://hoder.com/weblog/ English] and [http://i.hoder.com/ Persian]
* Dave: [http://www.heartsnatcher.com/ French], [http://unknowngenius.com/blog/ English], and [http://moshikashitara.com/ Japanese] (different content)
* Loïc Le Meur: [http://loiclemeur.com/france/ French] and [http://loiclemeur.com/ English]
* Céline Graciet: [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/ www.nakedtranslations.com/en/] (English) and [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/ www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/] (French) - a freelance translator's blog: identical content, but separate comment threads.

===Parallel (everything translated one-to-one and side-by-side)===
[http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)

===Parallel (language choice passed through URL)===
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?en kafka/en]
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?de kafka/de]

===Side-by-side===

''Two separate blogs in distinct languages, not aligned by date or in translated pairs.''

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej]

===Interwoven (paragraph by paragraph)===
[http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]

===Two languages per post (complete translation)===
[http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
[http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

===Two languages per post (toggleable by Javascript)===
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (wordpress)

===One language per post===
[http://martinepage.com/blog/ martinepage]

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T11:46:34Z

Patfm: /* One language per post */ move this bit.

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

* [http://climbtothestars.org/ Climb to the Stars]
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ Serendipity/Diacritics]
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/ Dangereuse Trilingue]
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Franz Kafka's diaries] (de/en)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (many posts translated rather faithfully in English)

===Completely separate blogs===
[http://hoder.com/ Hoder Derakhshan]

===Parallel (everything translated one-to-one and side-by-side)===
[http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)

===Parallel (language choice passed through URL)===
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?en kafka/en]
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?de kafka/de]

===Side-by-side===

''Two separate blogs in distinct languages, not aligned by date or in translated pairs.''

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej]

===Interwoven (paragraph by paragraph)===
[http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]

===Two languages per post (complete translation)===
[http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
[http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

===Two languages per post (toggleable by Javascript)===
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (wordpress)

===One language per post===
[http://martinepage.com/blog/ martinepage]

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T11:45:14Z

Patfm: /* Side-by-side (not translated) */

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

* [http://climbtothestars.org/ Climb to the Stars]
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ Serendipity/Diacritics]
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/ Dangereuse Trilingue]
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Franz Kafka's diaries] (de/en)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (many posts translated rather faithfully in English)

===Completely separate blogs===
[http://hoder.com/ Hoder Derakhshan]

===Parallel (everything translated one-to-one and side-by-side)===
[http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)

===Parallel (language choice passed through URL)===
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?en kafka/en]
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?de kafka/de]

===Side-by-side===

''Two separate blogs in distinct languages, not aligned by date or in translated pairs.''

* [http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej]

===Interwoven (paragraph by paragraph)===
[http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]

===Two languages per post (complete translation)===
[http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
[http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

===Two languages per post (toggleable by Javascript)===
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (wordpress)

===One language per post===
[http://martinepage.com/blog/ martinepage]

[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh/archives/2004/05/11/a-solution-for-a-bilingual-wordpress/# ]
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh/archives/2004/05/11/a-solution-for-a-bilingual-wordpress/#]

People with parallel blogs (not really a solution to the problem stated, more like a workaround):

* [http://www.heartsnatcher.com/] and [http://unknowngenius.com/blog/] (different content)
* [http://loiclemeur.com/france/] and [http://loiclemeur.com/]
* [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/] and [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/] (a freelance translator's blog: identical content, but separate comment threads)

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-examples

2006-01-22T11:37:22Z

Patfm: first stab at some labels (hello irc channel.)

Back to [[multilingual-brainstorming]].

== Examples of multilingual blogs ==

Multilingual blogs (or sites) spotted in the wild:

* [http://climbtothestars.org/]
* [http://serendipity.lascribe.net/]
* [http://dangereusetrilingue.net/]
* [http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php Franz Kafka's diaries] (de/en)
* [http://aixtal.blogspot.com/ Technologies du Langage] (many posts translated rather faithfully in English)

===Completely separate blogs===
[http://hoder.com/ Hoder Derakhshan]

===Parallel (everything translated one-to-one and side-by-side)===
[http://merdeinfrance.blogspot.com/ merdeinfrance] (tone may be offensive)

===Parallel (language choice passed through URL)===
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?en kafka/en]
[http://www.metameat.net/kafka/index.php?de kafka/de]

===Side-by-side (not translated)===
[http://web.archive.org/web/20050206173408/http://jej.notatnik.net/ jej]

===Interwoven (paragraph by paragraph)===
[http://emmanuelle.net/ emanuelle]

===Two languages per post (complete translation)===
[http://www.spiekermann.com/iblog/index.html spiekermann]
[http://www.09h09.com/ 09h09]

===Two languages per post (toggleable by Javascript)===
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh ozh] (wordpress)

===One language per post===
[http://martinepage.com/blog/ martinepage]

[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh/archives/2004/05/11/a-solution-for-a-bilingual-wordpress/# ]
[http://frenchfragfactory.net/ozh/archives/2004/05/11/a-solution-for-a-bilingual-wordpress/#]

People with parallel blogs (not really a solution to the problem stated, more like a workaround):

* [http://www.heartsnatcher.com/] and [http://unknowngenius.com/blog/] (different content)
* [http://loiclemeur.com/france/] and [http://loiclemeur.com/]
* [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/] and [http://www.nakedtranslations.com/fr/] (a freelance translator's blog: identical content, but separate comment threads)

== Code Samples ==

=== From climbtothestars.org ===

<pre><div class="post" lang="en">

<p class="date-permalink">permalink here</p>
<h2 class="post-title" id="post-1259"><a href="http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/"
rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link: Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin">
Requirements for a Multilingual Wordpress Plugin</a></h2>

<div class="other-excerpt" lang="fr"><p>Quelques réflexions concernant un plugin
multilingue pour WordPress.</p>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<p>My blog has been bilingual for a long time now. Rest of post content...</p>
</div>
</div></pre>

=== From serendipity.lascribe.net ===

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="post" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<h3 class="storytitle" id="post-247"><i>wicket</i> = <i>guichet</i>!</h3>
<div class="postbody clearfix">
<div class="meta1">
<p><span class="otherversion" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<a href="http://serendipity.lascribe.net/ling-lang/2005/12/wicket-guichet/?lp_lang_view=en"
title="English version" rel="alternate" hreflang="en">※ english version </a> </span>
[...]</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From the Canadian government ===
http://canada.gc.ca/

<pre><nowiki>
<html lang="en">
[...]
<td valign="bottom" width="150"><table width="150" summary="Our tables are used for the page layout.
Nos tables sont utilisées pour la mise en page." border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="English" href="/main_e.html">
<img src="/images/englishbt.gif" alt="English" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
<td></td>
<td width="75" align="center"><a title="Français" href="/main_f.html" lang="fr">
<img src="/images/francaisbt.gif" alt="Français" height="27" border="0" width="91"></a></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

=== From Wikipedia ===

The Wikipedia navigation uses no attributes, except for language-specific classes. Example http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm%C3%BCtz :

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="interwiki-ar">
<a href="http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3">العربية</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-bg">
<a href="http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Български</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Česky</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-en"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">English</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Esperanto</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Español</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Français</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-is"><a href="http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Íslenska</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-lt"><a href="http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomoucas">Lietuvių</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Nederlands</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C5%82omuniec">Polski</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-ru">
<a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%86">Русский</a></li>
<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouc">Svenska</a></li>
</ul>
</pre></nowiki></pre>

multilingual-brainstorming

2006-01-22T08:13:20Z

Patfm: /* Research */ added a few links

== Managing multilingual blogs and sites ==

The boundaries on the web are linguistic. An increasing number of people have multilingual websites and blogs. However, existing blog software, although localizable, is designed with the monolingual author/reader in mind. HTML specs are designed mainly for monolingual web pages.

* How should similar content in different languages (whether translated, re-phrased, abstracted) be organised and related?
* How should blogging software make this possible?
* Three levels of difficulty (or subproblems):
** Markup
** Interface for the reader
** Authoring process
** (And a fourth: integration in specific blogging tools)

== Research ==

We can start with a multilingual blog safari: [[multilingual-examples]]

Let's gather links to posts which have already reflected on this question or tried to find a solution (separate page for these?):

* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2006/01/22/requirements-for-a-multilingual-wordpress-plugin/
* http://epeus.blogspot.com/2005_01_01_epeus_archive.html#110513233021128637
* http://blogamundo.net/dev/2005/10/31/a-nice-language-switching-widget/
* http://doocy.net/archives/2005/01/20/the-multilingual-acknowledgement/
* http://climbtothestars.org/archives/2004/07/11/multilingual-weblog/
* http://www.zylstra.org/blog/archives/2003/06/multilingual_bl.html
* http://www.mslpr.com/blogworks/archives/2005/06/from_bilingual.html
* http://web.archive.org/web/20041015024202/www.eibar.org/blogak/luistxo/en/68 (original site down?)

Related documents:

* http://www.la-grange.net/2002/09/03.html
* http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/types.html#type-links

== Trying to formulate the problem again ==

Many web authors have a multilingual readership. This means a readership composed of people who are monolingual in language A, monolingual in language B, people who are perfectly bilingual and the whole range of language proficiency in-between. Often, the solution found for "multilingual" content is to create "mirror" versions of a site in different languages. This functions for sites which are static or are maintained by a huge team of people. It is not viable for a blog or forms of publication which encourage people to express themselves online by making it ''easy'' to publish.

A multilingual site will be a site containing more than one language. How can it be made friendly for all types of readers -- from monolingual to perfectly bilingual, including monolingual people who have enough working knowledge of other languages to make the effort of trudging through an article in a foreign language if it sounds interesting enough? How can we semantically mark up pages containing more than one language, and create logical links between content expressed in other languages with varying degrees of closeness to the original?