species-examples-fr

Les exemples de noms scientifiques communs des choses vivantes, qui pourraient être balisées avec un microformat "species" (ou équivalent). Notez l'usage de paires correspondantes d'exemples quand cela est possible.

Note : le nom origianl du microformat proposé, "species" va probablement changer, probablement vers "biota" ou "taxon". Le précédent a ici été retenu, pour éviter d'avoir à faire beaucoup d'éditions répétitives et peut-être redondantes

Si vous trouvez un lien qui ne fonctionne pas, remplacez-le svp avec une alternative pertinente, plutôt que de simplement l'effacer. Merci.

Types d'éditeurs

There are, perhaps, three types of publisher of taxonomic information (with all the usual overlaps and exceptions one finds when generalising so much!):

1. Those which publish a full or partial hierarchy, like UBIO.
2. Those which publish a binominal, or a binominal with a qualifier, like a subspecies, variety, breed, hybridisation - but still referring to a single type of living thing, with no higher- level taxonomy. e.g the West Midland Bird Club's county lists
3. These which publish common (or "vernacular") names, but who would be interested in "aliasing" those to the scientific equivalent. e.g the West Midland Bird Club's news from Ladywalk

Interestingly, some sites (Wikipedia, for example) have pages which fall into each of the three categories!

1. Bar tailed Godwit
2. Genetics of humans
3. Ladywalk

AndyMabbett 12:05, 23 Oct 2006 (PDT)

Binomial

Oiseaux

Black-tailed Godwit sur West Ladywalk la page des dernières actualités du Midland Bird Club

Limosa limosa sur les listes du West Midland Bird Club West Midland Bird Club county lists

<th scope="col">Common Name</th><th scope="col">Scientific Name</th>
[...]
<th scope="row" class="bird">Black-tailed Godwit</th><td class="sci">Limosa limosa</td>

Eurasian Bittern Bitterns at LAdywalk

<b class="bird">Eurasian Bitterns</b>, (<i class="sci">Botaurus stellaris</i>)

Mammifères

Loup sur l'International Wolf Center

Canis lupus sur NPS.gov

Poisson

Northern pike sur Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

Esox lucius sur Pike & Zander

Insecte

Papillon à Tête de Mort sur Animal Teachers

Acherontia atropos sur UK Moths

Arachnid

Rose Trantula on Pet Care Forum

Araneus angulatus on Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (this is a duplicate. BenWest 21:56, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT))

Plante

Bog Pimpernel sur les Images Wildflower Map Reading

Anagallis tenella on BioImages

Persicaria campanulatum on rECOrd - The Biodiversity Information Centre for the Cheshire region

Galeopsis tetrahit s.s. West Midland Bird Club

<i class="sci">Galeopsis tetrahit 
<abbr lang="la" title="sensu stricto">s.s.</abbr>
</i>
 (<b class="plant">Common Hemp-nettle</b>)

Fungi

Amanita muscaria on California Fungi

• as Amanita muscaria (L. per Fr.) Hooker
• as Amanita muscaria var. flavivolvata

Fly Agaric on Trees for Life

Rhodocollybia maculata (Albertini & Schweinitz: Fries) Singer on [1]

• also written as Rhodocollybia maculata (Albertini & Schweinitz ex Fries) Singer
• (This is where a post-Linnean author is given special rights (because his descriptions were comparatively complete - i.e. recognisable) so his interpretation of earlier names is taken as the sense meant by the original author. Think these used to be "apud" and are now "ex" although a colon has also been used. There are only a few sanctioning authors, the main one being Elias Fries.(Fr.) )

Plus sur les binômes

Autorité

Pica pica Linnaeus, (1758) sur Wikipedia

(par exemple appelée par Linnaeus en 1758)

Espèces non spécifiées

Podiceps sp. on Bird Life

<i>Podiceps</i> sp.

Psyllid plant hopper on Ramblings of a Naturalist blog

Sous-espèces

Animal

Larus glaucoides kumlieni sur BirdGuides

Kumlien's Gull sur Birds Ireland

Plante

Pisum sativum subsp. sativum sur [2] (a aussi d'autres exemples)

Cultivar (plante)

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Aureomarginata' sur Wikipedia

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Golden Wonder' sur Wikipedia

Cultivar groupes (plantes)

Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group sur Wikipedia

Noms de marques commerciales (plantes)

Rosa Peace on Wikipedia

("Peace" est une désignation commercialisée ou "un nom de vente" pour le cultivar R. 'Madame A. Meilland' et devrait être imprimée par conséquent avec une police différente du reste du nom sans quelques guillemets de citations)

Sunflower 'Giant Single' sur Johnsons Seeds

Sunflower 'Infrared' F1 sur Johnsons Seeds

(Note "F1" croise la désignation)

Varieté (plante)

Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon sur le Jardin de Dave

Sous-variété (plante)

Betula ermani var. genuina subvar. brevidentata sur National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens, Gloucestershire Group (plus beaucoup d'autres exemples)

Forme (plante)

Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. klimpelianum alias Acanthocalycium spiniflorum forma klimpelianum sur Wikipedia

Souche (bactérie)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 sur FDA.gov

E.Coli sur BBC news

Sens (plante)

Ranunculus aquatilis s.l. and R. aquatilis s.s; on Blithfield Reservoir: Survey of Flowering Plants... (see also footnotes on that page)

Croisement (plante)

Digitalis x mertonensis sur Hortax

The hybrid name for all plants derived from the cross between D. purpurea and D. grandiflora. The "x" indicates the hybrid status.

× Fatshedera lizei on Scientific Plant Names, Oregon State Univ., Landscape Plants

Souche (bactéries)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 on FDA.gov

E.Coli on BBC news

Synonyms

The Tarpan, Equus ferus ferus:

The Tarpan was first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1774; he had seen the animals in 1769 in the region of Bobrovsk, near Voronezh. In 1784 Pieter Boddaert named the species Equus ferus, referring to Gmelin's description. Unaware of Boddaert's name, Otto Antonius published the name Equus gmelini in 1912, again referring to Gmelin's description. Since Antonius' name refers to the same description as Boddaert's it is a junior objective synonym.

on http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/71-338.htm:

some authors still refer to Scandinavian Herring Gulls as L. a. omissus; others regard omissus as no longer valid (a synonym of argentatus)

On http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devario_chrysotaeniatus:

Devario chrysotaeniatus [...] former Names and Synonyms

• Danio chrysotaeniatus

On http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracanthus:

Echinocactus tetracanthus synonym of Parodia erinacea - cactus

On http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jostia_teaguei (using a "taxobox")

Binomial name

Jostia teaguei

(Luer) Luer

Synonyms

Masdevallia teaguei Luer, 1978

On http://www.coleopterist.org.uk/haliplidae-list.htm

HALIPLUS Latreille, 1802

Subgenus HALIPLUS Latreille, 1802

confinis Stephens, 1828

pallens Fowler, 1887

halberti Bullock, 1928

i.e. Haliplus pallens and H. halberti are synonyms of H. confinis.

See also Wkipedia search for "species synonym"

Divers

Noms supplantés

Tringa bartramia supplanté par Bartramia longicauda sur West Midland Bird Club's Upland Sandpiper article

GUID

NBN Taxon Key for European Otter, Lutra lutra, on NBN Species Dictionary: NBNSYS0000005133

LSID (Life Science Indicator) for Popillia japonica on uBio: urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:3377001

Wikipedia

Black-tailed Godwit on Wikipedia: Black-tailed Godwit

Wikipedia uses several sets of markup, e.g. (in-line styles and links, plus some other markup, removed, for clarity):

<p>The <b>Black-tailed Godwit</b>, <i>Limosa limosa</i>

Lien

Wikipedia uses the standard convention of having species italicised. Internal links to species may be to the common name or scientific name depending on which is used as the article's title (usually common for animals, scientific for plants, although there are exceptions). Links to scientific names work regardless:

''[[Limosa limosa]]''

Link to common name:

[[Black-tailed Godwit]]

Link to common name, but displaying scientific name:

''[[Black-tailed Godwit|Limosa limosa]]''

These types of links are not used in the Black-tailed Godwit article itself, but in others related to it. e.g. British avifauna

Taxoboîte

Wiki markup for the taxobox (taxonomy infobox) on the English Wikipedia, as used on the Black-tailed Godwit article, with irrelevant fields removed:

{{Taxobox
| name = Black-tailed Godwit
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Charadriiformes]]
| familia = [[Scolopacidae]]
| genus = ''[[Godwit|Limosa]]''
| species = '''''L. limosa'''''
| binomial = ''Limosa limosa''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
}}

Above is vaguely displayed in an HTML table as (with formatting and links removed):

<tr>
	<td>Kingdom:</td>
	<td>Animalia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Phylum:</td>
	<td>Chordata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Class:</td>
	<td>Aves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Order:</td>
	<td>Charadriiformes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Family:</td>
	<td>Scolopacidae</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Genus:</td>
	<td>Limosa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Species:</td>
	<td>L. limosa</td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<th>binominal name</th>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Limosa limosa</i>
	<td>(Linnaeus, 1758)</td>
</tr>

Also allows for other levels of taxonomy (e.g. genus or subspecies), and synonyms.

Evidence quantitative

For evidence of quantitative, rather than qualitative, use of species' and other taxonomic names, see species-examples-quantitative

Sites web notables

Ces sites web de haut niveau utilisent des noms d'espèces

• Amazon
  • recherche sur "House Sparrow"

• BBC News
  • Fewer birds spotted in UK gardens
  • Study to solve sparrow's decline riddle

• Encyclopaedia Britannica - all species, e.g.
  • Starling

• Flickr
  • Tag for moth genera 'citheronia'
    • Sample result from that search
  • Field Guide: Birds of the World 23,073 tagged photos, as at 2006-10-21

• CNN
  • Disease threatens bald eagle population

• eBay
  • search for "House Sparrow"

• The Guardian
  • The call of the wildlife
  • Sparrow joins 'raped' duck in Dutch museum (note improper capitalisation "passer domesticus")

• The Internet Movie Database
  • Private Life of the Gannets
    • Private Life of the Gannets trivia page with binominal
  • The Trials of Life
  • Whooping Crane
    • Whooping Crane trivia page with binominal
  • Winged Migration

• London Zoo
  • Tawny frogmouth

• Microsoft
  • Zoo Tycoon

• MSN-Encarta - all species, e.g.
  • Search for "vulgaris"

• MySpace
  • [3]

• Nature
  • Avian flu web focus

• Nature Network, Boston
  • The student and the squid N.B. site already supports rel-tag, hCard for user profiles and hCalendar for marking up events across the site.

• NASA
  • SP-401 Skylab, Classroom in Space. Part II - Student Experiments ("The common Cross spider (Araneus diadematus)")

• New York Times
  • Where the Eagles Fly: Seeing the National Symbol

• Sky News
  • Homo floresiensis
  • Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum
  • Polypedates chlorophthalmus
  • Sky News search for "species"

• Snopes (Urban Legends Reference Pages)
  • Fish Fly

• United Kingdom Government
  • DEFRA: General licences under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981

• United Nations
  • Atlas of the Oceans e.g. Chilean nylon shrimp Heterocarpus reedi

• United States of America Government
  • ITIS, e.g. Passer Domesticus - "authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world"

• W3C
  • An Ontology of Biology
  • BioRDF Sub-group Status Report, 4 May 2006

• Yahoo Groups
  • passerdomesticus species as group name!

• YouTube
  • YouTube search for 'starling']

Actualités

In under two weeks, the BBC News website carried the following stories, all including the scientific names of species:

• BBC News: Stunning new orchids from Asia's rainforest - 2006-10-16
• BBC News: Winter home find cheers twitchers (winter home of the northern bald ibis found) - 2006-10-13
• BBC News: New mouse find is 'living fossil' - 2006-10-12
• BBC News: Giant camel fossil found in Syria - 2006-10-10
• BBC News: Sharks swim into political waters - 2006-10-06
• BBC News: 'Monster' fossil find in Arctic - 2006-10-05

Utilisation dans les blogs

• Technorati search for "Passer domesticus" (367 found, as at 2006-09-25)
• Technorati search for "Acer palmatum" (682 found, as at 2006-09-25)
• Technorati search for "Homo sapiens" (40,932 found, as at 2006-09-25)
• Technorati search for "birding" (26,472 found, as at 2006-09-25)
• Ramblings of a Naturalist
• The Square Metre
• Windowbox Wildlife
• RXWildlife
• British Ornithologists' Union news
• FieldMarking - An experiment to see how people can collaborate to record wildlife observations in blogs.

Et pour finir...

Gary Larson, in his book The Far Side Gallery (Warner Books, 1980, ISBN 0751502367) has a cartoon, showing two entomologists sitting down to eat dinner in a jungle. One says to the other "Hey! What's this Drosophila melanogaster doing in my soup?"

Contributeurs

• Andy Mabbett (proposition)
• Malcolm Storey (par e-mail)
• Charles Roper, Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (proposition)
• Steve McWilliam, rECOrd - The Biodiversity Information System for the Cheshire region (proposition)
• Peter Halasz, Wikipedia Admin.
• Traduction en cours par Christophe Ducamp

Voir aussi

• species
• exemples
  • exemples regroupés
• quantitative evidence
  • Initial quantitative examples
  • further quantitative examples
• brainstorming (comprend la proposition épouvantail ou le draft standard)