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<entry-title>Abbr design pattern</entry-title>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


== Objectif ==
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
* Utiliser le [[abbr-design-pattern-fr|abbr-design-pattern]] pour faire que le texte qui soit lisible par un humain soit aussi lisible formellement par une machine
* Eviter d'utiliser [[abbr-design-pattern-fr|abbr-design-pattern]] pour ré-encoder le texte humain ou pour cacher les données


== Comment l'utiliser ? ==
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* entourer le texte convivial-pour-les-humains que vous voulez pour faire qu'il soit lisible par les machines avec <code>&lt;abbr></code>
* comme pour le [[class-design-pattern-fr|class-design-pattern]], ajoutez l'attribut approprié <code>class</code> à l'élément <code>abbr</code>
* ajoutez un attribut <code>title</code> à l'élément <code>abbr</code> avec les données lisibles par les machines comme la valeur.


== Exemple ==
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
Le [[datetime-design-pattern-fr|datetime-design-pattern]] encode formellement les 'dates-horaires' (bien connus pour être non parsables) à l'intérieur d'un élément <code>abbr</code>.


avant :
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
La fête aura lieu le 10 à 10 heures.
</pre>


Après :
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
La fête aura lieu le
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20051010T10:10:10-0100">10 à 10 heures</abbr>.
</pre>


I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


==Présentations alternatives==
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
Remarquez que les prrésentations suivantes sont toutes équivalentes pour un parseur de microformat :


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
<span class="dtstart">20070501</span>


<span class="dtstart">2007-05-01</span>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">1 mai 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="2007-05-01">1° mai 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">1er mai 2007</abbr>.
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">May 1st 2007</abbr>.
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">The first of May, 2007</abbr>.
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">2007-05-01</abbr>.
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">Mardi 1° mai 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">2007, jour 121</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">May Day, 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501" lang="FR">1er mai, 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501" lang="ES">1 de mayo, 2007</abbr>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
</pre>


et ce qui suit peut être utilisé, disons, dans une liste, un tableau ou une page, titrée "2007" :
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070501">1 May</abbr>
</pre>


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== Discussion ==
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''Cette discussion est rejetée d'[http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-October/001277.html ici]''. Imaginez deux usages possibles pour le [[abbr-design-pattern-fr|abbr-design-pattern]] :


<ol>
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<li>
utiliser ABBR pour encoder les données lisibles par les machines autour de données lisibles par des humains


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20051010T10:10:10-0100">le 10 à 10 heures</abbr>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
Utiliser ABBR pour encoder des données humaines plus formelles autour de quelque chose de moins formel


<pre>
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
<abbr class="author" title="Danny Ayers">Danny</abbr>
</pre>
</li>
</ol>


L'utilisation #1 est encouragée s'il y a un véritable besoin pour cela. L'utilisation de #2 n'est pas recommandée sous le [http://c2.com/cgi-bin/wiki?DontRepeatYourself principe Don't Repeat Yourself], parce que : "#2 est un cas de *plus* d'information étant invisiblement présente, nommément, le nom de famille dans ce cas. Si quelqu'un ne veut pas rendre quelque information visible, alors nous ne devrions pas l'encourager à stocker cette information de façon invisible, pour toutes les mêmes raisons que les méta-données invisibles sont en premier lieu mauvaises/futiles".
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST


''J'aimerais effacer ça en-dessous, car les points sont couverts au-dessus''
I MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LISTI MADE THOUSANDS OF ACCOUNTS IN MICROFORMATS WIKI GO TO CHECK OUT THE USER LIST
 
* Théoriquement, ceci pourrait être produit avec presque n'importe quel élément HTML. Mais est-ce une bonne idée ? Si ce n'en est pas une, est-ce que abbr est la seule ? [[DavidJanes]]
* abbr-design-pattern devrait être évité si possible. [[User:RobertBachmann|RobertBachmann]]
** pourquoi, ou sous quelles circonstances ? Par exemple, il est tout à fait utile avec les dates-heures. Devrait-il y avoir là d'autres situations potentiellement analogues ? [[DavidJanes]]
** Dans des circonstances où le texte dans le titre serait gobbledegook si lu par un lecteur écran. JAWS et d'autres screenreaders utilisent les attributs title provenant de abbr, quand utilisés proprement (comme dans cet exemple provenant du groupe WCAG), pour prononcer les mots qui seraient autrement illisibles ou déroutants. Utiliser des données machines tels que datetime pour un titre est une torsion à la définition du dictionnaire de l'abréviation (contraction par omission ou initialisation, appliquée au mot et non à un niveau sémantique), ceci n'est peut-être pas un gros problème en soi, mais si les lecteurs d'écran sont incapables de transformer le contenu du titre en quelque chose de compréhensible, ceci amènera à des échecs en accessibilité.
 
<pre>
<p>Sugar is commonly sold in 5 <abbr title="pound">lb.<abbr> bags.</p>
<p>Welcome to the <abbr title="World Wide Web">WWW</abbr>!</p>
</pre>
 
==Problématiques d'accessibilité==
 
Ironiquement ce pattern bien que lisible machine pour les navigateurs compatibles avec les microformats n'est pas accessible pour les lecteurs d'écran quand il fait référence à une date. par conséquent :
 
<pre>
we have a party in
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070312T1700-06">
March 12, 2007 at 5 PM
</abbr>
</pre>
 
serait lu par Jaws comme
 
<pre>
we have a party at Twenty million seventy-thousand three-hundred twelve tee seventeen-hundred dash zero six.
</pre>
 
la [http://www.webstandards.org/2007/04/27/haccessibility/  task force accessibility] de webstandards.org recommande :
 
<pre>
<span class="dtstart" title="20070312T1700-06">
March 12, 2007 at 5 PM, Central Standard Time
</span>
</pre>
 
ou
 
<pre>
<span class="dtstart">
March 12, 2007 at 5 PM, Central Standard Time
<span class="value" title="20070312T1700-06"></span>
</span>
</pre>
 
voir plus sur  [[abbr-design-pattern-issues-fr|abbr-design-pattern-problématiques]] et [http://www.webstandards.org/2007/04/27/haccessibility/]
 
 
== Voir aussi ==
* [[abbr-design-pattern-issues-fr|abbr-design-pattern-problématiques]]
* [[Main_Page-fr#Design_Patterns|Tous les design-patterns des microformats]]
* [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-October/001277.html discussion dans la liste microformats-discuss]
* [[datetime-design-pattern-fr|datetime-design-pattern]] utilise [[abbr-design-pattern-fr|abbr-design-pattern]]
* [http://www.la-grange.net/w3c/html4.01/struct/text.html#edef-ABBR définition HTML 4.01]

Revision as of 03:14, 22 September 2013

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