citation-examples: Difference between revisions

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(Added more schema information)
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=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 example]  
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 example]  
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29 Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29 Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
The [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples Original Markup] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.


''Journal article:''
''Journal article:''
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This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results Original Markup] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#CiteSeer Original Example 2]
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results Original Markup]] [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#CiteSeer Original Example 2]


* author  
* author  
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[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing Original Markup]
[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]]
* title
* title
* subtitle
* subtitle
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=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]]


* Title
* Title
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=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]  
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]  
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]]


* ISBN
* ISBN
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=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
  [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
  [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]]


* title
* title
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=== RFC vCard Example ===
=== RFC vCard Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]]


* refID (HTML @ID)
* refID (HTML @ID)
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=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]]


* refID (HTML @ID)
* refID (HTML @ID)
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=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]]


* abstract
* abstract
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===== Book =====
===== Book =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]]


* title
* title
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===== Journal Articles =====
===== Journal Articles =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]]


* author (truncated list)
* author (truncated list)
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===== Court cases =====
===== Court cases =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]]


* title
* title
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===== U.S. Law =====
===== U.S. Law =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]]


* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
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===== Conference presentations =====  
===== Conference presentations =====  
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]]


* title
* title
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===== Historical Sources =====
===== Historical Sources =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]]


* source / location
* source / location
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===== U.S. Patent =====
===== U.S. Patent =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]]


* number
* number
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[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]
[[citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]]


Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:  
Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:  
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==== Journal ====
==== Journal ====
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]
[[citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]]


* title  
* title  

Revision as of 20:18, 4 November 2006

Citation Examples

The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

See also:

Contributors

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

(For a cleaner version, see [1]) -- is this link now out of date?--Mike 18:19, 30 Aug 2006 (PDT)

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

example citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29 Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • image
  • publication date
  • pages
  • volumes
  • specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
  • Format - (Hardback, softback)
  • Price
  • ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database. The citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

  • title
  • authors
  • Pages
  • format (PDF)
  • Additional Information
  • abstract
  • index terms
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • pubdate
  • DOI

Conference Proceedings:

  • title
  • authors
  • author institutions
  • source (conference + proceedings name)
  • page
  • year
  • isbn
  • publisher name & address
  • DOI
  • abstract
  • subject category labels
  • keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book. citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • series title
  • page


CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup: citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results Original Markup Original Example 2

  • author
  • title
  • journal
  • pages
  • publication date
  • URL
  • Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike [citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing Original Markup]]

  • title
  • author
  • subjects
  • image
  • Volume
  • Number
  • publication date
  • page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

  • Z3988
  • DOI
  • Pubmed
  • Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[2] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • creator
  • role (to indicate editors and translators)
  • date
  • title
  • volume
  • issue
  • page
  • issue
  • container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
  • type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
  • edition
  • publisher
  • place
  • location (for urls and physical locations)
  • access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

  • url
  • retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • ISBN
  • Price
  • Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup

  • Title
  • subtitle
  • authors
  • AuthorsNote
  • BookCode (internal code system)
  • ISBN
  • Page
  • Publisher
  • Publication Date
  • Price
  • Availability
  • MediaType
  • categories
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup

  • title
  • authors
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • issue
  • pubdate
  • page
  • Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
  • summary


Marshall Cavendish product page

product page citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup

  • ISBN
  • Series
  • Title
  • publisher
  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Authors
  • Target Audience
  • Price
  • description

Ning

Original Example

  • title
  • publications date
  • retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • ISBN
  • format - hardback
  • publication Date
  • price
  • description
  • related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • image
  • isbnNumber
  • format - hardback
  • pages
  • publication Date
  • availability
  • price

Thomson Gale product detail page

citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup

  • title
  • excerp
  • Volume
  • Publisher
  • description
  • Published date
  • ISBN
  • Product number (internal code system)
  • Pages
  • Shipping Weight
  • price

RFC vCard Example

citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • title
  • publication
  • title
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Issue
  • page
  • pubdate
  • RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

  • title
  • publication date
  • retrived on
  • location
  • organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • URL
  • title
  • subtitle
  • part (1 of X)
  • journal
  • authors
  • pubdate
  • language
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

Wikipedia

Original Markup

  • id
  • title
  • url
  • Retrieved/Accessed On
  • Publication Date
  • Journal


PubMed Medical Journal Example

citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup

  • abstract
  • title
  • publisher
  • journal
  • date/time published
  • Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

  • Title
  • Author
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Pages
  • Date
  • Url
  • Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language:

English Wikipdia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Book

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup

  • title
  • author
  • publisher
  • year
  • ISBN
  • url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
Journal Articles

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup

  • author (truncated list)
  • year
  • title
  • journal title
  • journal number
  • page range
  • DOI
Court cases

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup

  • title
  • case number
    • note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
  • court name
  • year
  • description/abstract
U.S. Law

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup

  • title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
  • chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
  • chapter number
  • section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
Conference presentations

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup

  • title
  • location
  • date
  • author (implied - the page is about this person)


Historical Sources

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup

  • source / location
  • title
  • publisher
  • year
  • description
  • url
U.S. Patent

Example citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup

  • number

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

example citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

  • title
  • creator (author)
  • description (abstract)
  • date
  • type
  • identifier (a url)
  • format
  • fulltext
    • this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

  • title
  • authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
  • year
  • conference
  • conference location

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

  • title
  • author
  • periodical (journal) title
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • year

Citation of an Online Resource

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

  • title
  • publication year
  • department/author
  • retrieval date
  • URL


OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (book)
  • publisher name
  • publisher location
  • copyright date
  • isbn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • author
  • z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup

  • title
  • type (journal)
  • publisher
  • issn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • z39.88 (COinS)

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • editor
  • translator
  • image
  • date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
  • language
  • description/Summary/abstract
  • excerpt
  • index terms
  • categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

  • container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
  • collection (series and so forth)
  • event (conference, etc.)
  • original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

  • pages
  • volume
  • series title
  • Series
  • edition
  • issue
  • publication
  • journal
  • part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

  • ISBN
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class
  • URL
  • RFC ID
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • DOI
  • PubMedID

PUBLISHER

  • publisher


These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • Availability
  • Price
  • Shipping Weight
  • related
  • Product number (internal system code)
  • BookCode (internal system code)
  • AuthorsNote
  • Additional Information
  • Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • publication date
  • description
  • pages
  • ISBN
  • publisher

Styles

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.