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<h1> geo </h1>
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Geo}}
*http://rbach.priv.at/2006/buttons/geo.png
{{latest|h-geo}}
'''geo''' (pronounced "gee-oh") is a simple format for marking up [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84 WGS84] geographic coordinates (latitude; longitude), suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. '''geo''' is a 1:1 representation of the "geo" property in the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in XHTML, one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.
{{Template:DraftSpecification}}
__TOC__
 
'''geo''' (pronounced "gee-oh") is a simple format for marking up [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84 WGS84] geographic coordinates (latitude; longitude), suitable for embedding in HTML or XHTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. '''geo''' is a 1:1 representation of the "geo" property in the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in HTML, one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.


== Draft Specification ==
== Draft Specification ==


=== Editor/Author ===
;Editor/Author
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]
: [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.])


=== Copyright ===
=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2005}}
Per the public domain release on [[User:Tantek|my user page]], this specification is released into the public domain.
 
{{MicroFormatPublicDomainContributionStatement}}


=== Patents ===
=== Patents ===
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Publishers can both embed '''geo''' addresses directly in their web pages and feeds, as well as markup existing latitude/longitude coordinates in the context of the rest of the information in their web pages and feeds.
Publishers can both embed '''geo''' addresses directly in their web pages and feeds, as well as markup existing latitude/longitude coordinates in the context of the rest of the information in their web pages and feeds.


If the publisher knows and is publishing the ''name'' of the location in addition to its geo lat/long, then the publisher MUST use [[hcard|hCard]] instead of just '''geo''' to publish the name and geo lat/long of the location.
If the publisher knows and is publishing the ''name'' of the location in addition to its geo lat/long, then the publisher {{must}} use [[hcard|hCard]] instead of just '''geo''' to publish the name and geo lat/long of the location.


If the publisher knows and is publishing the address of the location, OR if the address of the location was what was actually entered by a human, and the publisher simply turned that into lat/long using some sort of a service, then the publisher SHOULD use [[adr]] to publish the actual human entered address information since that communicates far more semantic information than a simple geo lat/long coordinate.
If the publisher knows and is publishing the address of the location, OR if the address of the location was what was actually entered by a human, and the publisher simply turned that into lat/long using some sort of a service, then the publisher {{should}} use [[adr]] to publish the actual human entered address information since that communicates far more semantic information than a simple geo lat/long coordinate.


== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
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Section 3.4.2 of RFC2426 has a simple geo example:
Section 3.4.2 of RFC2426 has a simple geo example:


<pre><nowiki>
<source lang=text>
GEO:37.386013;-122.082932
GEO:37.386013;-122.082932
</nowiki></pre>
</source>


this vCard fragment as a geo, as [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-examples#3.4.2_GEO_Type_Definition first documented on the hCard examples page]:
this vCard fragment as a geo, as [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-examples#3.4.2_GEO_Type_Definition first documented on the hCard examples page]:


<pre><nowiki>
<source lang=html4strict>
<div class="geo">GEO:  
<div class="geo">GEO:  
  <span class="latitude">37.386013</span>,  
  <span class="latitude">37.386013</span>,  
  <span class="longitude">-122.082932</span>
  <span class="longitude">-122.082932</span>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>
</source>


this geo could be displayed as: <!-- this section includes a live Geo microforamt - please edit with care -->
this geo could be displayed as: <!-- this section includes a live Geo microforamt - please edit with care -->
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Here is a sample of published lat/long info (from [http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=dc4754bf-64d5-4f28-8715-45ad2505c86f geocaching: Noble Steed]):
Here is a sample of published lat/long info (from [http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=dc4754bf-64d5-4f28-8715-45ad2505c86f geocaching: Noble Steed]):


<pre><nowiki>
<source lang=text>
N 37° 24.491 W 122° 08.313
N 37° 24.491 W 122° 08.313
</nowiki></pre>
</source>


With geo markup:
With geo markup:


<pre><nowiki>
<source lang=html4strict>
<div class="geo">
<div class="geo">
  <abbr class="latitude" title="37.408183">N 37° 24.491</abbr>  
  <abbr class="latitude" title="37.408183">N 37° 24.491</abbr>  
  <abbr class="longitude" title="-122.13855">W 122° 08.313</abbr>
  <abbr class="longitude" title="-122.13855">W 122° 08.313</abbr>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>
</source>


This geo might be displayed as: <!-- this section includes a live Geo microforamt - please edit with care -->
This geo might be displayed as: <!-- this section includes a live Geo microformat - please edit with care -->


<div class="geo"><abbr class="latitude" title="37.408183">N 37° 24.491</abbr> <abbr class="longitude" title="-122.13855">W 122° 08.313</abbr>
<div class="geo"><abbr class="latitude" title="37.408183">N 37° 24.491</abbr> <abbr class="longitude" title="-122.13855">W 122° 08.313</abbr>
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Note that since the real world example used a more human readable presentation of the geo coordinates, we use the [[abbr-design-pattern]] to keep that more human readable presentation, and in addition provide the respective absolute numerical values for the geo.
Note that since the real world example used a more human readable presentation of the geo coordinates, we use the [[abbr-design-pattern]] to keep that more human readable presentation, and in addition provide the respective absolute numerical values for the geo.


== Examples in the wild ==
=== with value-title ===
This section is '''informative'''.
There may be instances where you only have text like "the location" in your page, and yet you want to mark it up with geo coordinates. While it is better to markup visible data (for longevity, fidelity, reviewability), if for design reasons you're unable to provide visible display of geo details, you may use the [[value-class-pattern#Parsing_value_from_a_title_attribute|value class pattern value-title]] to markup them up:
 
<source lang=html4strict>
We met at a
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">
  <span class="value-title" title="37.386013"> </span>
</span>
<span class="longitude">
  <span class="value-title" title="-122.082932"> </span>
</span>
certain location
</span>
</source>
 
This geo may be displayed as:


The following sites have published geos, outside their normal context of hCards, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc., in addition to those in many [[hcard-examples-in-wild|hCard examples in the wild]]. If you find geos outside of hCards anywhere else, feel free to add them to the '''top''' of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
We met at a <span class="geo"><span class="latitude"><span class="value-title" title="37.386013"> </span></span><span class="longitude"><span class="value-title" title="-122.082932"> </span></span> certain location</span>


Pages with live Geo can use this button (see [[buttons#Geo]] for any recent additions): http://rbach.priv.at/2006/buttons/geo.png
== Examples in the wild ==


*[http://gc.kls2.com/ Great Circle Mapper] ("GCM"; e.g. [http://tinyurl.com/yugscj sample GCM trip], [http://gc.kls2.com/airport/BHX BHX on GCM])
This section is '''informative'''. The number of Geo examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a separate page, [[geo-examples-in-wild|Geo examples in the wild]].
* [http://www.creation.uk.com Creation design & marketing] has Geo microformat on the [http://www.creation.uk.com/contact/ contact information].
* Wikipedia now has a template, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hcard-geo hcard-geo], for in-line hCards with coordinates, using Geo, such as that on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_Arm Engine Arm]
*[http://www.davidosbornephotography.co.uk/gallery2/main.php www.davidosbornephotography.co.uk] has implemented Geo on all location photography pages; eg. [http://www.davidosbornephotography.co.uk/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=1747 Callanish Stones]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Templates_generating_Geo Wikipedia-EN templates_generating_Geo]
*Wikipedia-IT now has Geo on all  [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Template:Coord pages using the ''coord'' template], e.g. [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messina Messina]. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 07:05, 26 May 2007 (PDT)
*'Area' pages on Wholemap, summarizing the photos, videos, etc... for a specific area, now have Geo codes - [http://wholemap.com/map/area.php?area=NiagaraFalls Niagara Falls, for example] May 10, 2007
*The Italian Wikipedia, for example [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genova Genova (Genoa)]
*I've just added geo support to all of [http://socialight.com Socialight]'s Sticky Notes - here's an example - http://socialight.com/note/2007/4/14/11Aqk_a-great-way-to-spend-a-few-hours
*The [http://www.bayofislands.net/ Bay of Islands] site has geo on its main page, and all photo pages. Example: [http://www.bayofislands.net/photos/8/ photo of Edgewater Apartments]
*I've added geo to [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Location_dec_US all images tagged in Wikimedia Commons] using decimal values. Example: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Montreal_City_Hall_Jan_2006.jpg Montreal City Hall, Jan 2006]  [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 08:54, 12 Apr 2007 (PDT)
**Now on pages tagged in D-M-S also.
*Spotstor.com - e.g. [http://spotstor.com] uses Geo for all coordinates displayed on the site.
*Panoramio - e.g. [http://www.panoramio.com/photo/564690]
* Wikipedia-NL now has Geo on all its map-links pages, e.g. [http://www.nsesoftware.nl/wiki/maps.asp?params=52_28_47_N_1_53_51_W_type:city_region:GB&src=Birmingham_%28Engeland%29 maps for Wikipedia-NL article on Birmingham]
**Called from '''87,724''' article pages as of 2006-04-09; reportedly the sixth most popular website in the Netherlands [http://www.multiscope.nl/organisatie/nieuws/sberichten/nederlandse-wikipedia-groeit-als-kool.html].
* I recently added Geo to Wikipedia-DE's map link pages  e.g. [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=de&params=52_28_47_N_1_53_51_W_type:city_region:GB maps for Wikipedia-DE article on Birmingham]. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 14:27, 9 Apr 2007 (PDT)
* I've just added "geo" to OpenStreetMap documentation pages - see [http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/index.php/Birmingham Birmingham page on OpenStreetMap] for example. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 02:39, 6 Apr 2007 (PDT)
* I've [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3AGeoTemplate&diff=119003866&oldid=118216477 just added] Geo to Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:GeoTemplate GeoTemplate] which is called by '''many thousands''' of other Wikipedia pages. Example: the coordinates (top right) in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barr] link to [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?params=52.54833_N_1.93212_W_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SP047945)]; the latter now has a Geo microformat. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 03:38, 30 Mar 2007 (PDT)
** [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~kolossos/wp-world/imageworld-art.php Map showing global distribution of geo-tagged Wikipedia articles].
* [http://www.jillesvangurp.com/places jillesvangurp.com] provides an xsl stylesheet to transform Google Earth place-marks (kmz files) into html with nested lists of geo formatted places. Several examples are provided.
*[http://www.geograph.org.uk Geograph British Isles] has experimental support for geos on '''350,000+''' photo pages, for example http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1234
*[http://www.poi66.com/ POI66] has '''over 58,500''' waypoints geo-formatted, many describing [[geo-waypoint-examples|trails]] e.g [http://www.poi66.com/maps/show_album.php?album=santiago Mijn pelgrimstocht naar Santiago]
* [http://3amproductions.net 3AM Productions] has published coordinates of cities both in and outside the context of hCards under [http://3amproductions.net/jason.php Jason's] and [http://3amproductions.net/gilbert.php Gil's] pages.
* [http://www.w3.org/People/Connolly/events/ Dan Connoly's Index of Events] has a few geos
** Notes that two of the geos are considered invalid because they use commas instead of semicolons
*Wikitravel now has the facility to add co-ordinates for the subject of the article, and publishes them as a 'geo' microformat - e.g. [http://wikitravel.org/en/Birmingham_%28England%29 Wikitravel - Birmingham]; see [http://wikitravel.org/shared/Tech:Add_SpecialMap_using_Mapstraction_link_for_geo-tagged_pages_and_for_single_listings The announcement].
* [http://flickr.com/ Flickr] now [http://blog.flickr.com/flickrblog/2006/08/great_shot_wher.html supports the geo microformat] on all [http://flickr.com/map/ geotagged photos].  Within 11 days of launch there are now over '''3,000,000+''' photos (as of 2006-09-07) marked up with the "geo" microformat.
* [http://ocono.com/ ocono.com] has marked each of it's "Upcoming Events" items with lat/long values.
* [http://harry.hchen1.com/mylife.htm Harry Chen has marked up his geo location]
* [http://www.multimap.com Multimap.com] uses the geo microformat to mark up latitude and longitude values on map pages.
* [http://rasterweb.net/raster/ Pete Prodoehl] geotags posts on his blog.
* [http://07.pagesd.info/ 07.pagesd.info] uses the geo microformat to mark up latitude and longitude values for each commune of the Ardèche département in France.
* [http://www.openguides.org/ OpenGuides] has support for the geo microformat in svn, and for now you can see it in action on the [http://cotswolds.openguides.org/ Cotswolds OpenGuide]
* [http://www.logon.ie/contact-us/ LogOn.ie] have added geotags (and hcard) to their contact page.


== Implementations ==
== Implementations ==
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The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse geos outside the context of hCards. If you have an geo implementation, feel free to add it to the '''top''' of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse geos outside the context of hCards. If you have an geo implementation, feel free to add it to the '''top''' of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.


*GIS-Wiki's "[http://www.giswiki.org/hjl_get_CoorE.htm hjl_getCoor]" now outputs Geo markup, from a Google Maps API.
*WordPress.com's [http://en.support.wordpress.com/geotagging/ geotagging feature] lets you geotag user profiles and posts. Geo Search is also coming soon.
*[http://www.addressfix.com/ AddressFix] takes any valid address in the listed countries (as at 2003-07) or map point (using GoogleMaps API) and outputs geo markup.
*Clem Rutter's "[http://www.rutter.uklinux.net/ostowiki.html OSGBGridRefs to WGS84]" converter - Takes UK or Irish OS grid references and converts them to WGS84 coordinates, with two types of Geo mark-up (<code>SPAN</code> and <code>ABBR</code>) available to copy & paste.
* GIS-Wiki's "[http://www.giswiki.org/hjl_get_CoorE.htm hjl_getCoor]" now outputs Geo markup, from a Google Maps API.
* [http://www.addressfix.com/ AddressFix] takes any valid address in the listed countries (as at 2003-07) or map point (using GoogleMaps API) and outputs geo markup.
**Countries: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Italy, Japan (but only in Japanese), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America and the Vatican City.  
**Countries: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Italy, Japan (but only in Japanese), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America and the Vatican City.  
**For countries other than the UK, the British Isles and China it provides geocoding for country names and city names (e.g. "Nairobi, Kenya").
**For countries other than the UK, the British Isles and China it provides geocoding for country names and city names (e.g. "Nairobi, Kenya").
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* [http://code.highearthorbit.com/greaseroute/index.php GreaseRoute] is a GreaseMonkey user script (also available as a simple Firefox Extension) which will add icons for displaying the MapQuest map of a [[geo]]. Written by [http://highearthorbit.com Andrew Turner]  
* [http://code.highearthorbit.com/greaseroute/index.php GreaseRoute] is a GreaseMonkey user script (also available as a simple Firefox Extension) which will add icons for displaying the MapQuest map of a [[geo]]. Written by [http://highearthorbit.com Andrew Turner]  
* [http://www.podster.de/page/geotest podster.de] finds geo markups in podcast RSS Feeds and maps soundseeing episodes on a map (German only)
* [http://www.podster.de/page/geotest podster.de] finds geo markups in podcast RSS Feeds and maps soundseeing episodes on a map (German only)
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/ Calvin Yu] has written a  [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/01/28/using-microformats-to-plot-my-favorite-places/ web service that will allow you plot and describe places on a Yahoo Map easily] using [[hreview|hReview]] and [[geo]].
* [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/ Philip Tellis] has written a [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/2006/01/of-microformats-and-geocoding.html javascript to add maps to geo markup on pages]
* [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/ Philip Tellis] has written a [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/2006/01/of-microformats-and-geocoding.html javascript to add maps to geo markup on pages]
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding geos and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding geos and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/ Philip Tellis] has written some javascript to [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/2006/01/of-microformats-and-geocoding.html convert the geo microformat to a google map] using [[geo]].
* [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/ Philip Tellis] has written some javascript to [http://bluesmoon.blogspot.com/2006/01/of-microformats-and-geocoding.html convert the geo microformat to a google map] using [[geo]].
* Brian Suda has written some [http://suda.co.uk/projects/microformats/geo/ geo extracting] code to convert geo microformats to KML for use with Google Maps and Google Earth. There is also a bookmarklet to extract the data and pass it to google maps automatically. He is working on a GeoRSS version for Yahoo! Maps as well.
* Brian Suda has written some [http://suda.co.uk/projects/microformats/geo/ geo extracting] code to convert geo microformats to KML for use with Google Maps and Google Earth. There is also a bookmarklet to extract the data and pass it to google maps automatically. He is working on a GeoRSS version for Yahoo! Maps as well.
**GPX export is done, but needs some tweaking and testing. Just change &type=(kml|georss|gpx). Not quite ready for primetime yet. Feel free to test and send feedback.
* Fil explains [http://www.jquery.info/spip.php?article7 how to use the geo microformat with the javascript library jQuery] [http://jquery.com].
* Fil explains [http://www.jquery.info/spip.php?article7 how to use the geo microformat with the javascript library jQuery] [http://jquery.com].
* [http://georss.org/geopress GeoPress] is a WordPress (http://wordpress.org) plugin that supports embedding adrs, geo, maps (dynamically switchable between Google-Yahoo-Microsoft Maps), and GeoRSS (http://georss.org) feeds. Written by [http://highearthorbit.com Andrew Turner]
* [http://www.locify.com Locify] uses [[geo]] format for presenting waypoints stored from the mobile client.
 
=== old implementations ===
Implementations that have disappeared or appear to be offline:
 
Offline as of 2013-088:
* [http://www.sydneydirectory.org/ Sydney Directory Wiki] supports geographical coordinates for locations
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/ Calvin Yu] has written a  [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/01/28/using-microformats-to-plot-my-favorite-places/ web service that will allow you plot and describe places on a Yahoo Map easily] using [[hreview|hReview]] and [[geo]].
* [http://mmm.iamnear.net Magical Microformat Maker - a Geo Microformat Generator with a big map]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 195: Line 189:
This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added.
This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added.


* Proposals for changes, additions and other thoughts about [[geo]] may be found in the [[hcard-brainstorming#geo_improvements|hCard brainstorming - geo improvements]] section.
* Proposals for changes, additions and other thoughts about [[geo]] may be found at [[geo-brainstorming]].


== Related Work ==
== Related Work ==
Line 210: Line 204:
== See Also ==
== See Also ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_%28microformat%29 Geo on Wikipedia]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo_%28microformat%29 Geo on Wikipedia]
* See [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page]
* [http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel:Geocoding#Sources_for_lat.2Flongs Sources for latitude/ longitude coordinates]
* [http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel:Geocoding#Sources_for_lat.2Flongs Sources for latitude/ longitude coordinates]


== Related Pages ==
== Related Pages ==
{{geo-related-pages}}
{{geo-related-pages}}
[[Category:Draft_Specifications]]
[[Category:Geo]]
[[Category:hCard]]

Latest revision as of 16:22, 18 July 2020

See latest version: h-geo

This document represents a draft microformat specification. Although drafts are somewhat mature in the development process, the stability of this document cannot be guaranteed, and implementers should be prepared to keep abreast of future developments and changes. Watch this wiki page, or follow discussions on the #microformats IRC channel to stay up-to-date.

geo (pronounced "gee-oh") is a simple format for marking up WGS84 geographic coordinates (latitude; longitude), suitable for embedding in HTML or XHTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. geo is a 1:1 representation of the "geo" property in the vCard standard (RFC2426) in HTML, one of several open microformat standards.

Draft Specification

Editor/Author
Tantek Çelik (Technorati, Inc.)

Copyright

Per the public domain release on my user page, this specification is released into the public domain.

Public Domain Contribution Requirement. Since the author(s) released this work into the public domain, in order to maintain this work's public domain status, all contributors to this page agree to release their contributions to this page to the public domain as well. Contributors may indicate their agreement by adding the public domain release template to their user page per the Voluntary Public Domain Declarations instructions. Unreleased contributions may be reverted/removed.

Patents

This specification is subject to a royalty free patent policy, e.g. per the W3C Patent Policy, and IETF RFC3667 & RFC3668.

Inspiration and Acknowledgments

Thanks to everyone who participated in the Geo Microformat BOF at O'Reilly's Where 2.0 conference, and in particular to Nat Torkington and Vee McMillen of O'Reilly for arranging and hosting the BOF. Thanks to Chris Hibbbert for providing the real world geo-caching example.

Introduction and Background

The vCard standard (RFC2426), has been broadly and interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's Address Book application). The hCard microformat has similarly received significant adoption, from numerous sites publishing the format, to hCard to vCard proxies, to clientside javascript parsers.

At the Where 2.0 conference in June 2005, there was widespread recognition that the community needed a way to simply and easily publish visible, extractable, geographic location information on the Web, given how often bloggers, and numerous other sites publish such information. The geo microformat BOF discussed this very topic, and concluded with a consensus decision to just try using geo from vCard/hCard.

This specification introduces the geo microformat, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned geo property from the vCard standard, by simply reusing the geo property and sub-properties as-is from the hCard microformat.

Publishers can both embed geo addresses directly in their web pages and feeds, as well as markup existing latitude/longitude coordinates in the context of the rest of the information in their web pages and feeds.

If the publisher knows and is publishing the name of the location in addition to its geo lat/long, then the publisher MUST use hCard instead of just geo to publish the name and geo lat/long of the location.

If the publisher knows and is publishing the address of the location, OR if the address of the location was what was actually entered by a human, and the publisher simply turned that into lat/long using some sort of a service, then the publisher SHOULD use adr to publish the actual human entered address information since that communicates far more semantic information than a simple geo lat/long coordinate.

Semantic XHTML Design Principles

Note: the Semantic XHTML Design Principles were written primarily within the context of developing hCard and hCalendar, thus it may be easier to understand these principles in the context of the hCard design methodology (i.e. read that first). Tantek

XHTML is built on XML, and thus XHTML based formats can be used not only for convenient display presentation, but also for general purpose data exchange. In many ways, XHTML based formats exemplify the best of both HTML and XML worlds. However, when building XHTML based formats, it helps to have a guiding set of principles.

  1. Reuse the schema (names, objects, properties, values, types, hierarchies, constraints) as much as possible from pre-existing, established, well-supported standards by reference. Avoid restating constraints expressed in the source standard. Informative mentions are ok.
    1. For types with multiple components, use nested elements with class names equivalent to the names of the components.
    2. Plural components are made singular, and thus multiple nested elements are used to represent multiple text values that are comma-delimited.
  2. Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc.
  3. Otherwise use a generic structural element (e.g. <span> or <div>), or the appropriate contextual element (e.g. an <li> inside a <ul> or <ol>).
  4. Use class names based on names from the original schema, unless the semantic XHTML building block precisely represents that part of the original schema. If names in the source schema are case-insensitive, then use an all lowercase equivalent. Components names implicit in prose (rather than explicit in the defined schema) should also use lowercase equivalents for ease of use. Spaces in component names become dash '-' characters.
  5. Finally, if the format of the data according to the original schema is too long and/or not human-friendly, use <abbr> instead of a generic structural element, and place the literal data into the 'title' attribute (where abbr expansions go), and the more brief and human readable equivalent into the element itself. Further informative explanation of this use of <abbr>: Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved

Format

Singular Properties

Note that all the properties in geo are singular properties, and thus the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

Human vs. Machine readable

If an <abbr> element is used for a property, then the title attribute of the <abbr> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.

Value excerpting

Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. For this purpose, the special class name value is used to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. See hCard for details on this.

Root Class Name

The root class name for an geo location is geo.

Property List

This is the list of properties in geo, taken from hCard:

  • latitude
  • longitude

XMDP Profile

See hcard-profile for the XMDP profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

Parsing Details

See hCard parsing, with the only difference being that "geo" is the root class name, rather than "vcard".

Examples

This section is informative.

Example from RFC2426

Section 3.4.2 of RFC2426 has a simple geo example:

GEO:37.386013;-122.082932

this vCard fragment as a geo, as first documented on the hCard examples page:

<div class="geo">GEO: 
 <span class="latitude">37.386013</span>, 
 <span class="longitude">-122.082932</span>
</div>

this geo could be displayed as:

GEO: 37.386013, -122.082932

Note that this is a live geo microformat, which will be found on this page by parsers.

Real world geo example

Here is a sample of published lat/long info (from geocaching: Noble Steed):

N 37° 24.491 W 122° 08.313

With geo markup:

<div class="geo">
 <abbr class="latitude" title="37.408183">N 37° 24.491</abbr> 
 <abbr class="longitude" title="-122.13855">W 122° 08.313</abbr>
</div>

This geo might be displayed as:

N 37° 24.491 W 122° 08.313

Again, this is a live example.

Note that since the real world example used a more human readable presentation of the geo coordinates, we use the abbr-design-pattern to keep that more human readable presentation, and in addition provide the respective absolute numerical values for the geo.

with value-title

There may be instances where you only have text like "the location" in your page, and yet you want to mark it up with geo coordinates. While it is better to markup visible data (for longevity, fidelity, reviewability), if for design reasons you're unable to provide visible display of geo details, you may use the value class pattern value-title to markup them up:

We met at a 
<span class="geo">
 <span class="latitude">
  <span class="value-title" title="37.386013"> </span>
 </span>
 <span class="longitude">
  <span class="value-title" title="-122.082932"> </span>
 </span>
 certain location
</span>

This geo may be displayed as:

We met at a certain location

Examples in the wild

This section is informative. The number of Geo examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a separate page, Geo examples in the wild.

Implementations

This section is informative.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse geos outside the context of hCards. If you have an geo implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

  • WordPress.com's geotagging feature lets you geotag user profiles and posts. Geo Search is also coming soon.
  • Clem Rutter's "OSGBGridRefs to WGS84" converter - Takes UK or Irish OS grid references and converts them to WGS84 coordinates, with two types of Geo mark-up (SPAN and ABBR) available to copy & paste.
  • GIS-Wiki's "hjl_getCoor" now outputs Geo markup, from a Google Maps API.
  • AddressFix takes any valid address in the listed countries (as at 2003-07) or map point (using GoogleMaps API) and outputs geo markup.
    • Countries: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Italy, Japan (but only in Japanese), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States of America and the Vatican City.
    • For countries other than the UK, the British Isles and China it provides geocoding for country names and city names (e.g. "Nairobi, Kenya").
    • For UK, the British Isles and China, Google returns an error.
  • GreaseRoute is a GreaseMonkey user script (also available as a simple Firefox Extension) which will add icons for displaying the MapQuest map of a geo. Written by Andrew Turner
  • podster.de finds geo markups in podcast RSS Feeds and maps soundseeing episodes on a map (German only)
  • Philip Tellis has written a javascript to add maps to geo markup on pages
  • pnh_mf is a plugin for Textpattern that supports embedding geos and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by Chris Casciano.
  • Philip Tellis has written some javascript to convert the geo microformat to a google map using geo.
  • Brian Suda has written some geo extracting code to convert geo microformats to KML for use with Google Maps and Google Earth. There is also a bookmarklet to extract the data and pass it to google maps automatically. He is working on a GeoRSS version for Yahoo! Maps as well.
    • GPX export is done, but needs some tweaking and testing. Just change &type=(kml|georss|gpx). Not quite ready for primetime yet. Feel free to test and send feedback.
  • Fil explains how to use the geo microformat with the javascript library jQuery [1].
  • Locify uses geo format for presenting waypoints stored from the mobile client.

old implementations

Implementations that have disappeared or appear to be offline:

Offline as of 2013-088:

References

Normative References

Informative References

Work in progress

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added.

Related Work

  • luna (proposal for geo-style microformat for co-ordinates on The Moon)
  • mars (proposal for geo-style microformat for co-ordinates on the planet Mars)
  • geo-extension-strawman - extends geo to include the above, and for representing coordinates on other planets, moons etc.
  • thoughts on addind time and reference system to the geo microformat, that could also be used for places on other celestial bodies

Similar Work

See Also

Related Pages