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<h1>hCalendar</h1>
http://www.boogdesign.com/images/buttons/microformat_hcalendar.png


<h1> hCalendar </h1>
hCalendarはiCalendar ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445])を基とした、シンプルでオープンなカレンダー・イベント情報配信用の[[microformats-ja|microformat]]です。(X)HTMLやAtom, RSS, 任意のXMLなど、広範囲に適用可能なフォーマットとなっています。


hCalendarは、iCalendar([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445])を基とした簡単でオープンな日程表とイベント情報を配信するフォーマットです。(X)HTMLやAtom、RSS、任意のXMLに埋め込めます。hCalendarは、[[microformats-ja|microformat]]オープンスタンダードのうちの一つです。
hCalendarでイベント情報を配信するにはいくつかの方法があります。手っ取り早いのは、[http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator]を使うこと。でももし、すでにイベントの情報を自分のblogやwikiなどに書いている場合は[[hcalendar-authoring|hCalendar authoring tips]]を読み、hCalendarに沿うようマークアップをし直しましょう。
 
[[hcalendar-ja|hCalendar]]を使ってイベント情報を書いてみたいならば、はじめは[http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator]を使って作成し、公開してみてください。


__TOC__
__TOC__
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== 仕様 ==
== 仕様 ==


; Editor : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
; 編者 : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
; Authors : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
; 作者 : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
: [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]
: [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]


=== 著作権 ===
=== 著作権 ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004-ja}}


=== 特許 ===
=== 特許方針 ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement-ja}}
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement-ja}}


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* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.


== 概要 ==
iCalendar ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445])はAppleのiCalなど、スケジュール管理用アプリケーションに広く採用され、また実装上の相互運用性も高いフォーマットになっています。


この広く使われているフォーマットを、blogで言及されるイベント情報に応用できないでしょうか。自分のblogにこれから行われるイベントであったり、この間参加したイベントについてエントリをおこすブロガーはたくさんいます。それらのイベント情報を少し構造化し、iCalendarとして出力可能にすれば、アプリケーションやWebサービスが自動的にその情報を利用できるようになります。


== Introduction ==
この'''hCalendar'''というう仕様は、XHTMLにてiCalendarを表現するフォーマットです。ブロガーはhCalendarを直接webページに埋め込んだり、またその情報をCSSでデザインすることが可能です。それだけではありません。アプリケーションはイベント情報を直接そのhCalendarから取ってくることができるようにります。イベントについて書かれたファイルを、webページとは別に用意する必要はもうありません。
iCalendarは、(例えばMac OS Xに同梱されているアップル・コンピュータ社のアプリケーション「iCal」のように)広く相互運用性を持った実装がある標準([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445])です。
 
In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc.  With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.
 
This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic XHTML.  Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired.  In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.


== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==


{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}
For practical implementations, it should be noted that Internet Explorer's support for styling <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements is poor, and may require wrapper elements.


== Format ==
== Format ==
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For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.
For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.


For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.
For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.


==== Plural Properties Singularized ====
==== Plural Properties Singularized ====
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BEGIN:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
DTSTART:20051005
DTSTART:20071005
DTEND:20051008
DTEND:20071020
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
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END:VCALENDAR
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.
 
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.


<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vevent">
<div class="vevent">
  <a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">
  <a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://www.web2con.com/</a>
   <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
   <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
   <abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
   <abbr class="dtstart" title="2007-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
   <abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-08">7</abbr>,
   <abbr class="dtend" title="2007-10-20">19</abbr>,
  at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
  at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
  </a>
  </div>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
which could be displayed as:
which could be displayed as:


[http://www.web2con.com/ Web 2.0 Conference: October 5-7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA]
<div class="vevent">
<span class="url">http://www.web2con.com/</span>&nbsp;<!-- note modified to account for idiosyncrasy of wiki software -->
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2007-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2007-10-20">19</abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</div>
 
Note that this is a '''live''' hCalendar microformat, which will be found on this page by parsers.


=== Example 2===


The following example specifies a scheduled meeting that begins
The following example specifies a scheduled meeting that begins
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until <abbr class="dtend" title="1998-03-12T09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</abbr></p>
until <abbr class="dtend" title="1998-03-12T09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</abbr></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on <abbr class="dtstamp" title="19980309T231000Z">9 Mar 1998 6:00pm</abbr></small>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on  
<abbr class="dtstamp" title="19980309T231000Z">9 Mar 1998 6:00pm</abbr></small>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
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<div class="vevent">
<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
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Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]].  See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.
Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]].  See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.


See [[hcalendar-examples]] for more hCalendar examples
==Buttons==
Don't forget that you can add one of our [[buttons#hCalendar|buttons]] to the page, to indicate the presence of hCalendar microformats. For example: http://www.boogdesign.com/images/buttons/microformat_hcalendar.png. If you can link it back to this page (or even page on your website, about your use of the microformat), so much the better!
 
=== More Examples ===
See [[hcalendar-examples|hCalendar examples]] for more examples, including examples from iCalendar RFC 2445 converted into hCalendar.


== Examples in the wild ==
== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCalendar examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a [[hcalendar-examples-in-wild|separate page]].
 
The following sites have implemented hCalendar, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc.  If events on your pages are marked up with hCalendar, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
 
=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
 
* [http://webdirections.org/program/ The Web Directions Conference (Sydney Australia)] uses hCalendar for their program. It uses axis and headers for events in a table, and demonstrates how easy it is to make the whole thing downloadable using X2V.
* [http://www.thestreet.org.au/ The Street Theatre (Canberra, Australia)] now uses hCalendar for performances on its [http://www.thestreet.org.au/whats_on.htm What's On] page.
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club], in the English Midlands, uses hCal on its [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/diary/ diary of birding events].
* [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk Clackmannanshire Council] uses hCalendar on its [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk/community/events/ event diary] listing pages and individual event pages.
* [http://www.markthisdate.com/ Calendarportal MarkThisDate.com] now uses hCalendar for all calendars. On our website visitors can add calendars and download calendars to Outlook, Lotus Notes, iCal, Netvibes, 30Boxes, Google Calendar and many others. Over 600 calendars were already uploaded.
* [http://mogue.jp/ mogue] uses hCalendar at [http://mogue.jp/event/1000/ event detail] pages.
* [http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2006/schedule.cfm 2006 Nobel Conference] uses hCalendar for the conference schedule
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk Geek in the Park] uses hCalendar for the event information. -- by [[User:Trovster|trovster]]
* [http://www.besancon.fr/ official site of Besançon (France)] for its events
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/schedule/ Conference schedule for d.Construct 2006] is published using hCalendar.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCalendar
* We used hcalendar for the [http://www.fuckparade.org/flyer/2006/ F’parade flyer 2006], a counter demonstration to the Love Parade in Berlin, alas two issues arose: the '''Firefox tails extension''' doesn't get a summary when it's an alt-text in an image. Also the '''default charset''' when creating an iCal file through the [http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http://www.fuckparade.org/flyer/2006/ Technorati feed] is UTF-8, but our website is ISO-8859-15. Is there a way to define a different charset, or why doesn’t the API respect the charset given by the website in the first place (in our case it’s in the HTPP header, in the XML declaration, ''and'' the meta tag)?
* [http://www.harper-adams.ac.uk/press/events.cfm Harper Adams University College] uses hCalendar to mark up all University events on the Homepage and Events Calendar page.
* [http://www.capital.edu/ Capital University] uses hCalendar on multiple pages to provide feeds of events, relevant to page content
* [http://www.thesession.org/events/ The Session events] uses hCalendar to mark up concerts, festivals and workshops related to Irish traditional music.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle ncl.rb] uses hCalendar to mark up new meetings.
* [http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/ World Cup KickOff] where you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game of the 2006 football World Cup!
** This link was on the [http://www.lifehacker.com/software/sports/world-cup-start-times-for-ical-etc-175393.php Lifehackers site] and made its way to the yahoo news site:
 
Mon May 22, 4:00 PM ET
The World Cup, one of the world's most watched sporting events, is almost upon us. If you've ever tried to follow your favorite team through the Cup you know that it can sometimes be difficult to know when they're on. World Cup Kickoff can help.
 
World Cup KickOff is all you will ever need for knowing all the match details for the upcoming World Cup 2006. Whether you use your mobile phone, MS Outlook, Apple iCal or Mozilla Calendar, you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game!
ADVERTISEMENT
 
Next tip? We'll show you how to get up at 2 AM to watch your matches. ;0) Thanks to Tom for the tip!
 
* [http://gross.org.za/calendar GROSSUG Calendar] - Uses hCalendar to mark up meetings and other events.
* [http://www.webanalyticsassociation.org/en/calendarevents/search.asp  Web Analytics Association] - hCalendar microformat is in place on all Tendenci sites on the calendar events search page and consolidated list page.
* [http://www.tendenci.com/en/calendarevents/search.asp Tendenci Calendar Events] with hCalendar
* [http://www.argolon.com/2006/04/17/web20-conference-in-dublin/ Web2.0 Conference in Dublin] hCalendar event
* [http://www.meetup.com/ Meetup.com] has marked up [http://www.meetup.com/cities/us/ny/new_york city event calendars], [http://photo.meetup.com/100/events/ group event lists], and [http://www.meetup.com/ signed-in homepages] with hCalendar.
* [http://ukwindsurfing.com/ ukwindsurfing.com] has marked upcoming events with hCalendar, and the [http://ukwindsurfing.com/events/ events page] in a table.
* [http://ocono.com/ ocono.com] has marked up it's "Upcoming Events" list with hCalendar.
* [http://www.austinbloggers.org/ Austin Bloggers] has marked up their "Upcoming Events" box with hCalendar ([http://www.austinbloggers.org/blog/a/001123.html announcement]).
* Ning's cloneable Group app has [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=list event calendar] and [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=view&id=727220 event detail] pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* The National Arbor Day Foundation has started using hCalendars for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.stateofflux.com/ State of Flux street art site] has started adding events in hCalendar format
* The [http://barcamp.org/#BarCamps BarCamp home page lists upcoming BarCamps marked up with hCalendar] and even has a "Subscribe..." link.
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the schedule and events for the week with hCalendar.
* [http://www.code4lib.org/2006/schedule code4lib Conference 2006 Schedule] is marked up with hCalendar as [http://www.code4lib.org/node/65 announced on their blog].
* [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754 IEEE 754 Working Group] - trying hCalendar for upcoming meetings.
* [http://www.pehuen.org/node/494  Elecciones 2005 Chile] - the first spanish language hCalendar event found in the wild.
* [http://www.codewitch.org/it/2005/11/17/no-creative-commons-no-party/ Giocolando » No Creative Commons? No Party!] is marked up with hCalendar
* [http://www.cmprofessionals.org/events/calendar.html CM Pros Events Calendar] by Bob Doyle
* [http://www.midgard-project.org/community/events/ Midgard CMS Event calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/schedule/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Schedule] - hCalendar markup [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ added by Scott Reynen]
* [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/posts/00000011.html Upcoming events on Jason A.R. Moody Amusements Weblog] posted by Jason Moody on 15 Oct 2005. [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/index.html His weblog] in general has hCalendar events posted inside the blog posts.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/tracks-sessions-schedule.html Syndicate - Tracks &amp; Sessions]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/program.html Web 2.0 Conference schedule page marked up with hCalendar]
* [http://www.thisiscmon.com/ C'MON] is a rock band from Canada, and their [http://www.thisiscmon.com/shows/ tour dates] have been marked up by [http://www.d2digitalmedia.com/ Ray Dickman] with hCalendar.
* [http://ifreebusy.com/ ifreebusy.com] will display freebusy information using hCalendar. See this [http://ifreebusy.com/neiljensen/freebusy/ example].
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
* [http://www.asdvbonaparte.nl/ ASDV Bonaparte] is a Dutch debating society. Their events calendar has been marked up with the hCalendar conventions.
* [http://chocnvodka.blogware.com/blog Suw Charman] has marked up [http://suw.org.uk/archives/category/events/ her events] with hCalendar.
* [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/ Blog Business Summit] has published their [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/details.htm event details] marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://eventful.com Eventful.com] publishes all events with hCalendar and venues with [[hcard|hCard]].  Took them only 15 minutes to implement both! Their Atom feeds also contain hCalendar/hCard.
* [http://upcoming.org Upcoming.org] publishes all events and lists of events with hCalendar.  Took them only an hour to add hCalendar support to the site.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/ Laughing Squid Calendar] events, [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/9949/2005/5/9 e.g. this party], now supports hCalendar.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCalendar event information for upcoming concerts.  In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCalendar events for all past concerts.
* [http://www.complexspiral.com/ Complex Spiral Consulting], both in the "Events" box on left side, and the separate [http://www.complexspiral.com/events/ Events page].
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts], specifically the "Events" roll in the right-most column.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/holidays/ Lesser Known Holidays], a list of holidays on [http://suda.co.uk suda.co.uk] that can be imported via iCal and hCal so you can compare actual transformation versus intended.
* [http://norman.walsh.name/2005/itinerary/ Norm Walsh's travel schedule] use hCalendar as well as GRDDL.
* [http://www.policyawareweb.org/2005/ftf2/paw-mtg Policy Aware Web (PAW) Project Meeting] uses hCalendar to record date-related decisions, and uses a vtodo microformat to record action items.
* The [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems] publishes it's [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/cfps list of notable CfPs on dependability and security] with hCalendar-todo elements.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/laughing-squid-10th-anniversary-party/ Laughing Squid 10th Anniversary Party] has an hcalendar page.
* SPRACI has hcalendar versions of its nightlife/clubbing/gigs/festivals listings for many cities worldwide - eg: [http://www.spraci.com/listhcalendar.php?parea=sydney&category=all Events in Sydney] (check the [http://www.spraci.com/api/ API] pages in the faq section of [http://www.spraci.com/ SPRACI] for more info about the area/city keywords and category tags to use to get data for your city/categories
* WWF-Australia events calendars: [http://wwf.org.au/act/events/ What's on], [http://wwf.org.au/act/volunteer/ Volunteer]
* [http://rubyholic.com rubyholic] uses hCalendar to publish calendars for ruby groups.
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/whats-on/ University of Bath What's On] uses hCalendar on individual event pages
* The [http://www.kiez-ev.de/ Kiez] is a small cinema and has published its [http://www.kiez-ev.de/programm program] marked up with hCalendar
 
=== Examples with some problems ===
* [http://www.bokle.de/ s'Bokle] is a German music pub. Their events calendar has been marked up with hCalendar.
** improper use of rrule --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 16:04, 6 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://plan9.tryphon.org/nancy/list Plan9] - Uses hCalendar to mark up events !
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on span element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://www.socaltech.com socalTECH] is a news and information site. Their front page event listing is marked up with hCalendar.
** dtstart/dtend implemented on span element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] features a vevent for the next meeting information.
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on em element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://iceoasis.shrub.ca/ unofficial schedule site] publishes hCalendar information for upcoming hockey games at [http://www.iceoasis.com/ Ice Oasis]
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on td element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006


- whilst Tails parses dtstart/dtend on <em>any</em> element, technically it really needs to be on abbr. Technorati Microformats Search only looks for the title element on <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> tags, for instance.
See [[hcalendar-examples-in-wild|hCalendar Examples in the wild]].


== Implementations ==
== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCalendar implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a [[hcalendar-implementations|separate page]].
 
The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCalendars. If you have an hCalendar implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list.  Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
 
=== Authoring ===
Implementations you can use to author, create, and publish hCalendar events.
 
==== Blogging and CMS tools ====
;Midgard CMS : [http://www.midgard-project.org/documentation/net-nemein-calendar/ Midgard CMS - net.nemein.calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]
 
;Drupal module : [http://hybernaut.com/upcoming-hcal Drupal Upcoming.org syndication module emits hCalendar]
;MovableType and WordPress plug-ins : [http://structuredblogging.org/formats.php StructuredBlogging] is a set of plugins  [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for  WordPress] and [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for MovableType] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts.
;Textpattern plug-in : [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
 
==== Browser scripts and plug-ins ====
Browser plugins that work with existing authoring tools:
; Any browser with javascript and a little bit of CSS : [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator microformats.org hCalendar creator]  (see also original: [http://theryanking.com/ Ryan King] has an [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar creator]).
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar creator : [http://www.decafbad.com/blog/2005/06/08/greasemonkey_magic magic_hcalendar Greasemonkey user script by Les Orchard] - allows easy form entry of an event into any textarea, e.g. into a blog post text area.
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar to Google Calendar: [http://torrez.us Elias Torres] has created a [http://torrez.us/archives/2006/04/13/431/ simple script] that will parse hCalendar entries and create a link to add event to [http://www.google.com/calendar/ Google Calendar's] service. Based on [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats George's] and [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats Arve's] work.
 
==== Desktop Authoring Tools ====
;Dreamweaver Extension : [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Extension suite] for Dreamweaver 8 from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project].
;xfy :
In [https://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations.
 
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=25 hCalendar via RSS] parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=19&lid=23 hCalendar Marker XVCD] helps to mark up an event information in XHTML document with hCalendar.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=17 Simple RDF Calendar XVCD] is a schedule tool which uses RDF Calendar format. It also converts RDF Calendar format to iCalendar and hCalendar format.
 
=== Search and Discovery ===
 
* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].
 
=== Conversion and Import ===
Implementations you can use to importing into a Calendar Application, typically by converting hCalendar to iCalendar/vCalendar.
 
==== Web Services ====
These return iCalendar (.ics) and other calendar formats for easy importing into typical calendar programs or other processing.
* [http://feeds.technorati.com/events Technorati Events Feed service] uses X2V library to parse hCalendar and return iCalendar (.ics).  Note friendly URL, e.g. http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http%3A//microformats.org
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] parses hCalendar and produces a .ics (iCalendar) stream.  Note: needs to be updated to track changes in the specification as they occur.
* [http://lifelint.net/ Life Lint Parser] parses hCalendar and produces .ics, .rdf and debugging information and attempts to be more fully compliant to the iCal standard than previous implementations.  It can be used in the same manner as X2V.  Can output iCal (w optional Outlook 2002 compat), and RDF.
* [http://spanningsalesforce.com/ Spanning Salesforce] produces hCalendar-enabled RSS feeds and .ics calendars from Salesforce.com.
 
==== Firefox Greasemonkey Plugins ====
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has built a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script that detects hCalendar events and allows users to easily add them to their calendar application(s)].
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCalendar events, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCalendar to vCalendar conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''
 
==== Aggregators ====
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://kula.jp/software/endo/screenshots/ Endo], an OS X aggregator, supports discovering hCal and adding those events to iCal. Look at the last screenshot at the bottom of the page.
 
=== Browsing ===
Implementations that detect, display and otherwise highlight hCalendar events in pages.
 
* In [http://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations. "hCalendar via RSS" parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [http://web.mit.edu/glasser/www/JSCalendar/ JSCalendar] parses hCalendar and produces a displayable HTML table/CSS-based calendar.
 
==== Firefox extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails is a Firefox Extension] that will display the presence of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage.
 
==== Flock extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar
 
=== Libraries ===
Open source libraries of hCalendar parsers and other related code for building hCalendar implementations.
; Javascript : [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats simple hCalendar parser] by [http://virtuelvis.com/ Arve Bersvendsen]
; PHP : [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.
; Ruby : [http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
; XSLT :
* X2V is available as an XSLT library
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] by [[User:DanC]] includes  toICal.xsl and test materials; it works much like xhtml2vcal.xsl in X2V. See also: [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ RDF Calendar workspace] with icalendar test materials.
 
=== Potential implementations ===


These are open source projects that could be potentially enhanced to support hCalendar.
See [[hcalendar-implementations|hCalendar Implementations]].
 
* [http://www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php?topic=About WebCalendar]
* [http://phpicalendar.net/documentation/index.php?title=Main_Page PHP iCalendar]
* [http://www.vcalendar.org VCalendar]
* Investigation: [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Calendar_Talk:Lightning#hCalendar_publish_and_subscribe_support Mozilla Calendar / Lightning / Sunbird hCalendar support discussion]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 353: Line 201:
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt iCal-Basic draft 04]
* [http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-royer-ical-basic/ iCal-Basic (latest)] [http://www.faqs.org/ftp/pub/pub/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt (draft 04)]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]
* [http://www.imc.org/pdi/ Internet Mail Consortium Personal Data Interchange vCard and vCalendar]


==== Specifications That Use hCalendar ====
==== Specifications That Use hCalendar ====
Line 364: Line 213:
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]
== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] ([[hcalendar-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCalendar events.
* [[hcalendar-authoring|hCalendar authoring]] - learn how to add hCalendar markup to your existing events.
* [[hcalendar-faq|hCalendar FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCalendar, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcalendar-parsing|hCalendar parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCalendar.
* [[hcalendar-issues|hCalendar issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcalendar-profile|hCalendar profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCalendar
This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.
* [[hcalendar-brainstorming|hCalendar Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcalendar-tests|hCalendar tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCalendar events to try parsing.
* [[icalendar-implementations|iCalendar implementations]]


== Further Reading ==
== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>"Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''"</blockquote>
<blockquote>Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''</blockquote>


* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/01/11.html#a1368 Moving forward with microformats] by [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell Jon Udell] provides an hCalendar example and some discussion.
* [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/01/11.html#a1368 Moving forward with microformats] by [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell Jon Udell] provides an hCalendar example and some discussion.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcalendar hCalendar tag]
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcalendar hCalendar tag]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCalendar Wikipedia article on hCalendar] (requires expansion)
== Related Pages ==
{{hcalendar-related-pages}}

Revision as of 20:38, 18 April 2007

hCalendar

microformat_hcalendar.png

hCalendarはiCalendar (RFC2445)を基とした、シンプルでオープンなカレンダー・イベント情報配信用のmicroformatです。(X)HTMLやAtom, RSS, 任意のXMLなど、広範囲に適用可能なフォーマットとなっています。

hCalendarでイベント情報を配信するにはいくつかの方法があります。手っ取り早いのは、hCalendar creatorを使うこと。でももし、すでにイベントの情報を自分のblogやwikiなどに書いている場合はhCalendar authoring tipsを読み、hCalendarに沿うようマークアップをし直しましょう。

仕様

編者
Tantek Çelik (Technorati, Inc)
作者
Tantek Çelik, Technorati, Inc
Brian Suda

著作権

© 2004-2024 by the authors.

この仕様の著作権は、ページ編集に関わった人全てが保有しています。 しかし、著者はこの仕様をGMPGIETFW3Cなどの標準化団体に提出することを考えています。この仕様に貢献したい場合は、これらの団体が持つ著作権に対する方針やポリシー(例:GMPG Principles)を読み、ライセンスに関する規定(例:CC-by 1.0や後のバージョン)を理解した上でお願いします。

特許方針

この仕様はロイヤリティーフリーの特許方針に帰属するものです。特許方針に関してはW3C Patent PolicyRFC3667RFC3668をご覧下さい。

謝辞

Thanks to:

概要

iCalendar (RFC2445)はAppleのiCalなど、スケジュール管理用アプリケーションに広く採用され、また実装上の相互運用性も高いフォーマットになっています。

この広く使われているフォーマットを、blogで言及されるイベント情報に応用できないでしょうか。自分のblogにこれから行われるイベントであったり、この間参加したイベントについてエントリをおこすブロガーはたくさんいます。それらのイベント情報を少し構造化し、iCalendarとして出力可能にすれば、アプリケーションやWebサービスが自動的にその情報を利用できるようになります。

このhCalendarというう仕様は、XHTMLにてiCalendarを表現するフォーマットです。ブロガーはhCalendarを直接webページに埋め込んだり、またその情報をCSSでデザインすることが可能です。それだけではありません。アプリケーションはイベント情報を直接そのhCalendarから取ってくることができるようにります。イベントについて書かれたファイルを、webページとは別に用意する必要はもうありません。

Semantic XHTML Design Principles

Note: the Semantic XHTML Design Principles were written primarily within the context of developing hCard and hCalendar, thus it may be easier to understand these principles in the context of the hCard design methodology (i.e. read that first). Tantek

XHTML is built on XML, and thus XHTML based formats can be used not only for convenient display presentation, but also for general purpose data exchange. In many ways, XHTML based formats exemplify the best of both HTML and XML worlds. However, when building XHTML based formats, it helps to have a guiding set of principles.

  1. Reuse the schema (names, objects, properties, values, types, hierarchies, constraints) as much as possible from pre-existing, established, well-supported standards by reference. Avoid restating constraints expressed in the source standard. Informative mentions are ok.
    1. For types with multiple components, use nested elements with class names equivalent to the names of the components.
    2. Plural components are made singular, and thus multiple nested elements are used to represent multiple text values that are comma-delimited.
  2. Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc.
  3. Otherwise use a generic structural element (e.g. <span> or <div>), or the appropriate contextual element (e.g. an <li> inside a <ul> or <ol>).
  4. Use class names based on names from the original schema, unless the semantic XHTML building block precisely represents that part of the original schema. If names in the source schema are case-insensitive, then use an all lowercase equivalent. Components names implicit in prose (rather than explicit in the defined schema) should also use lowercase equivalents for ease of use. Spaces in component names become dash '-' characters.
  5. Finally, if the format of the data according to the original schema is too long and/or not human-friendly, use <abbr> instead of a generic structural element, and place the literal data into the 'title' attribute (where abbr expansions go), and the more brief and human readable equivalent into the element itself. Further informative explanation of this use of <abbr>: Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved

For practical implementations, it should be noted that Internet Explorer's support for styling <abbr> elements is poor, and may require wrapper elements.

Format

In General

The iCalendar standard (RFC2445) forms the basis of hCalendar.

Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the "iCal-Basic" effort and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.

The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML.

More Semantic Equivalents

However, for some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:

  • URL in iCalendar becomes <a class="url" href="...">...</a> inside the element with class="vevent" in hCalendar.
  • ATTENDEE, CONTACT, and ORGANIZER in iCalendar may be represented by an hCard in hCalendar .
  • A named LOCATION (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar may be represented by a nested hCard in hCalendar. Similarly, an address LOCATION may be represented by an adr, and a geo (latitude and longitude) LOCATION may be represented by a geo.
  • UID in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.

Singular vs. Plural Properties

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.

Plural Properties Singularized

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

Human vs. Machine readable

If an <abbr> element is used for a property, then the 'title' attribute of the <abbr> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value. This specification recommends that such <abbr> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:

  • DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE

Example

Here is a sample event in an iCalendar:

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
DTSTART:20071005
DTEND:20071020
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR

and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See hcalendar-example1-steps for the derivation.

<div class="vevent">
 <a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://www.web2con.com/</a>
  <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>: 
  <abbr class="dtstart" title="2007-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
  <abbr class="dtend" title="2007-10-20">19</abbr>,
 at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
 </div>

which could be displayed as:

http://www.web2con.com/  Web 2.0 Conference: October 5- 19, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA

Note that this is a live hCalendar microformat, which will be found on this page by parsers.

Example 2

The following example specifies a scheduled meeting that begins at 8:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998 and ends at 9:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998.

     BEGIN:VCALENDAR
     BEGIN:VEVENT
     UID:guid-1.host1.com
     DTSTAMP:19980309T231000Z
     DESCRIPTION:Project XYZ Review Meeting
     SUMMARY:XYZ Project Review
     DTSTART:19980312T133000Z
     DTEND:19980312T143000Z
     LOCATION:1CP Conference Room 4350
     END:VEVENT
     END:VCALENDAR

The equivalent in hCalendar:

<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To held on <abbr class="dtstart" title="1998-03-12T08:30:00-05:00">12 March 1998 from 8:30am EST</abbr> 
until <abbr class="dtend" title="1998-03-12T09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</abbr></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on 
<abbr class="dtstamp" title="19980309T231000Z">9 Mar 1998 6:00pm</abbr></small>
</div>

This could be displayed as:


XYZ Project Review

Project XYZ Review Meeting

To held on 12 March 1998 from 8:30am EST until 9:30am EST

Location: 1CP Conference Room 4350

Booked by: guid-1.host1.com on

9 Mar 1998 6:00pm

Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format. When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.

Note 2: A surrounding <span class="vcalendar"> element is optional, and is left out as such. It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered. The implied context/scope is that of the document. Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.

Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

Note 4: ISO8601 dates (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly. In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context. Thus <abbr> elements are used to simultaneously provide a human friendly date and/or time in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 datetime in the 'title' attribute. The notation YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss should be used for better readability, following the format of RFC 3339.

Note 5: The difference between the DTEND ISO8601 date (2005-10-08) and the human readable date (7) is NOT a mistake. DTEND is exclusive, meaning, that the event ends just before the DTEND. Thus for events which start on one day and end on another day, the DTEND date must be specified as the day after the day that a human would say is the last day of the event.

Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an hCard. See hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations for a informative explanation of how to do this.

Buttons

Don't forget that you can add one of our buttons to the page, to indicate the presence of hCalendar microformats. For example: microformat_hcalendar.png. If you can link it back to this page (or even page on your website, about your use of the microformat), so much the better!

More Examples

See hCalendar examples for more examples, including examples from iCalendar RFC 2445 converted into hCalendar.

Examples in the wild

This section is informative. The number of hCalendar examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a separate page.

See hCalendar Examples in the wild.

Implementations

This section is informative. The number of hCalendar implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a separate page.

See hCalendar Implementations.

References

Normative References

Informative References

Specifications That Use hCalendar

Similar Work

Further Reading

Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.

Related Pages

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.