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<h1> Citation Examples </h1>
{{DISPLAYTITLE: Citation Examples }}


The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.


See also:
'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks!
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]


__TOC__
__TOC__
== Contributors ==
* ...
* ...
* Tantek Çelik
* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
* Tim White


== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.  
Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.  


(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])
=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example]
[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]]


=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
* title
<pre>
* subtitle
<table ...>
* author
    ...
* image
    <tr>
* publication date
      <td ... class="productsubtitle">
* pages
        <span id="serieslbl" class="productsubtitle"><a href="browseseries.aspx?seriesid=33">Teaching With
* volumes
          Documents Series</a></span></td>
* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
    </tr>
* Format - (Hardback, softback)
    <tr>
* Price
      <td ... class="producttitle">
* ISBN
        <span id="title" class="producttitle">The 1920's</span></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td ... class="productsubtitle"><span id="subtitle" class="productsubtitle"></span></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td ... class="productauthor">
        <span id="credit" class="productauthor"></span></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td ...>
        <img  border="0" src="../images/blank-white.gif" ... height="12" alt=""/></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td ...>
        <img id="productImage" src="../images/dbimages/1011\101103.GIF" /></td>
      <td ... valign="top" align="right" colspan="3"><!-- start PUBLICATION SPECS table -->
        <table ...>
          <tr>
            <td class="productdetailhead"><span id="pubdatelabel" class="productdetailhead">Publication Date</span></td>
            <td ... class="productdetailbody"><span id="pubdate" class="productdetailbody">11/2001</span></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td ... class="productdetailhead"><span id="pageslabel" class="productdetailhead">Pages</span></td>
            <td ... class="productdetailbody"><span id="pages" class="productdetailbody">132</span></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td ... class="productdetailhead">
              <span id="volumeslabel" class="productdetailhead">Volumes</span></td>
            <td ... class="productdetailbody">
              <span id="volumes" class="productdetailbody">1</span></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td ... class="productdetailhead">
              <span id="trimlabel" class="productdetailhead">Size</span></td>
            <td ... class="productdetailbody">
              <span id="trimsize" class="productdetailbody">8.5x11</span></td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <!-- end PUBLICATION SPECS table -->
        <!-- Pricing Table -->
        <table id="PriceTable" ...>
          <tr>
            <td class="productdetailhead" ...>
              <img src="../images/academic/blank-blue.gif" id="PriceLine" ... height="1" border="0" /></td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td class="productdetailhead" ...>Format</td>
            <td class="productdetailhead" ...>Price</td>
            <td class="productdetailhead" ...><span id="ISBNLabel">ISBN</span></td>
            <td class="productdetailhead" ...>&nbsp;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td class="productdetailhead"><b>Print</b></td>
            <td class="productdetailbody">$39.00</td>
            <td class="productdetailbody">1-57607-785-3</td>
            <td class="productdetailhead">&nbsp;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <!-- End Pricing Table -->
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>
</div>
</pre>


=== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ===


=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
<pre>
  <div class="title"> <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore
    and Folklife</a> </div>
  <div class="img_box"> <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">
    <img src="/_net.templates/showImage.aspx?imgName=0313328471.jpg&s=140" alt="The Greenwood Encyclopedia
    of World Folklore and Folklife" border="0" /></a> </div>
  <div class="sub_title">Four Volumes</div>
  <div class="author">William M. Clements</div>
  <div class="isbn">0-313-32847-1</div>
  <div class="price">$449.95 <span class="pipe">|</span> &pound;255.00</div>
  <!--<div class="clearing"></div>-->
  <div class="bookDescription"> China . . . Malta . . . Madagascar . . . Wales . . . and Texas: these are
    among the many exotic, distant lands that capture our minds and imaginations. In an era of increasing
    globalization, students, general readers, and business professionals need to know about...
    <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">Read&nbsp;more</a> </div>
</div>
</pre>


The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.


=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
''Journal article:''
<pre>
  <div id="pnlContent" class="pnlContent">
    <div id="pnlFlyerBox" class="flyerBox">
      <a id="hlFlyer" class="flyerLink" href="/books/printFlyer.aspx?sku=GR2847" target="_blank">Print
        book flyer</a> <br />
      <a id="hlFlyerInternational" class="international_flyer"
      href="/books/printFlyer.aspx?sku=GR2847&amp;location=international" ...>(International version)</a>
    </div>
    <span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife</span>
    <span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline">Four Volumes</span>
    <div id="pnlBookDetails" class="detailsBox">
      <div id="pnlImgBox" class="imgBox">
        <img src="/_net.templates/showImage.aspx?imgName=0313328471.jpg&amp;s=135" alt="" border="0" />
      </div>
      <a id="hlAddToCart" title="Add this item to your shopping cart" href="/shopping_cart/?sku=GR2847">
        <img title="Add this item to your shopping cart"
          src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Add to Cart" alt="" border="0" />
      </a>
      <a id="hlAddToWishList" title="Save this item to your wish list" href="/wish_list/?sku=GR2847">
        <img title="Save this item to your wish list"
          src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Add to Wish List".../>
      </a>
      <a id="hlSharePage" title="Email this page to a friend" href="/books/sendform.asp?sku=GR2847"...>
        <img title="Email this page to a friend" src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Email".../>
      </a>
      <a id="hlPrintPage" title="Version of this page optimized for printing" href="/catalog/GR2847.aspx?print=1" ...>
        <img title="Version of this page optimized for printing" src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Print".../>
      </a>
      <a id="hlWorldCat" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/isbn/0313328471"...>
        <img src="/images/world_catalog.gif".../>
      </a>
      <div class="authors"><span><a href="/catalog/author/C/229.aspx">William M. Clements</a> (ed.)</span></div>
      <span id="lblAuthorsNote" class="block"></span>
      <div><span class="book_options">Book Code:</span> <span id="lblBookCode">GR2847</span></div>
      <div id="pnlIsbn"> <span class="book_options">ISBN:</span> <span id="lblIsbn">0-313-32847-1</span> </div>
      <div id="pnlPageColation"> 1972 pages, maps; photos </div>
      <span id="lblImprint" class="block">Greenwood Press</span>
      <div id="pnlPubDate">
        <span class="book_options">Publication Date:</span> <span id="lblPubDate">12/30/2005</span>
      </div>
      <div id="pnlListPrice">
        <span class="book_options">List Price:</span>
        <span id="lblListPrice">$449.95</span>
        (<a href="/contactus/order_info.asp?SectionID=about&amp;Location=order_info#UKEME"
          title="Click for international ordering information">UK Sterling Price: &pound;255.00</a>)
      </div>
      <div id="pnlAvailability">
        <span class="book_options">Availability:</span> <span id="lblAvailability">In Stock</span>
      </div>
      <div id="pnlMediaType"> <span class="book_options">Media Type:</span> <span id="lblMediaType">Hardcover</span> </div>
      <div class="clearing"></div>
    </div>
    <div id="pnlBookInformation"> <span class="book_options">Subjects:</span>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li>
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl1_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> »
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl1_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Folklore.aspx">Folklore</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl2_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> »
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl2_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Anthropology%2b(General).aspx">
            Anthropology (General)
          </a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl3_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> »
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl3_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Cultural%2bAnthropology.aspx">Cultural Anthropology</a>
        </li>
        <li> <a id="rpCategories__ctl4_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/History.aspx">History</a> »
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl4_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/History/World%2bHistory%2b(General).aspx">
            World History (General)</a> </li>
      </ul>
      <div id="pnlDescription">
        <span class="book_options">Description:</span>
        <span id="lblDescription1" class="description block">
          China . . . Malta . . . Madagascar . . . Wales . . . and Texas: these are among the many exotic,
          distant lands that capture our minds and imaginations. In an era of increasing globalization,
          students, general readers, and business professionals need to know about the world and its varied
          ways. So too, a knowledge of world cultures is fundamental to an understanding of America's ethnically
          rich society. Folklore isn't just about the long ago and far away. It's about the here and now, and
          there's no better way to learn about cultural diversity than to study the folklore and folkways of
          different ethnic groups. <br />
          More than just Cinderella and other fairy tales, folklore encompasses the whole realm of traditional
          beliefs and activities that define a culture. The most comprehensive work of its kind, this massive
          encyclopedia engagingly and authoritatively surveys folklife and traditions from around the world. Through its
          vast scope and lengthy entries, it transcends other references on particular national or regional
          folklores and is the most ambitious undertaking of its type. Organized in four volumes, the encyclopedia
          provides convenient access to information about folklore generally and to the traditions of particular
          regions:<br />
          Volume 1: Topics and Themes, Africa, Australia and Oceania<br />
          Volume 2: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East<br />
          Volume 3: Europe<br />
          Volume 4: North and South America</span> <span id="lblDescription2" class="description block">Along
            with the expertise of the contributors, of Volume Editor William M. Clements, and of Advisory Editor
            Thomas A. Green, the encyclopedia draws upon a distinguished board of internationally recognized scholars,
            including:<br />
        <li> Roger D. Abrahams<br />
        </li>
        <li> Cristina Bacchilega<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gillian Bennett<br />
        </li>
        <li> Mary Ellen Brown<br />
        </li>
        <li> James R. Dow<br />
        </li>
        <li> Alessandro Falassi<br />
        </li>
        <li> Barbro Klein<br />
        </li>
        <li> Peter Knecht<br />
        </li>
        <li> Natalie Kononenko<br />
        </li>
        <li> Frances M. Malpezzi<br />
        </li>
        <li> Margaret Mills<br />
        </li>
        <li> M. D. Muthukumaraswamy<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gerald Pocius<br />
        </li>
        <li> And John S. Ryan.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Features:</b><br />
        </li>
        <li> Brings together the knowledge of more than 200 specialists from around the world.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Provides 39 extended entries on topics central to world folklore.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Details the folklore and folkways of roughly 170 cultural groups.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Entries discuss the background, beliefs, oral and theatrical traditions, arts and crafts, and contemporary concerns
          of each cultural group.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Each entry cites numerous works for further reading.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A generous selection of maps and illustrations makes world folklore come to life.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A list of entries and a cumulative subject index, repeated in each volume, offer convenient access to the vast body of
          information contained in the encyclopedia.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A selected, general bibliography directs students and general readers to the most important broad studies of world
          folklore.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A glossary defines key terms, theories, and concepts.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Benefits:</b><br />
        </li>
        <li> Helps students learn about cultures, customs, and daily life around the world.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Fosters respect and appreciation for the many ethnic traditions behind contemporary American culture.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Provides valuable background information for the study of world religions, holidays, and festivals.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Offers a valuable context for understanding world history, politics, literature, and the arts.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Invites students to compare and contrast the values and experiences of different cultures.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Fosters critical reading skills and serves as a model for student research.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 1: Topics and Themes, Africa, Australia and Oceania</b><br />
          Certain themes and topics are central to world foklore. The thematic essays in this volume discuss such matters as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Antiquarianism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Cultural Evolution<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ethnopoetics<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gender<br />
        </li>
        <li> Invented Tradition<br />
        </li>
        <li> Nativism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Primitivism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Public Folklore<br />
        </li>
        <li> Race<br />
        </li>
        <li> Trickster<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 2: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East</b><br />
          Included in this volume are entries on such cultural groups and regions as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Bali<br />
        </li>
        <li> China<br />
        </li>
        <li> Duna<br />
        </li>
        <li> Iban<br />
        </li>
        <li> Kazakh<br />
        </li>
        <li> Mongol<br />
        </li>
        <li> Orissa<br />
        </li>
        <li> Palestine<br />
        </li>
        <li> Tonga<br />
        </li>
        <li> Uyghur<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many others.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 3: Europe</b><br />
          Included in this volume are entries on the folklore of such cultural regions and groups as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ashkenazim<br />
        </li>
        <li> Basque<br />
        </li>
        <li> Brittany<br />
        </li>
        <li> Flanders<br />
        </li>
        <li> Germany<br />
        </li>
        <li> Isle of Man<br />
        </li>
        <li> Roma<br />
        </li>
        <li> Russia<br />
        </li>
        <li> Sami<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ukraine<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 4: North and South America</b><br />
          The entries in this volume explore the folk traditions of such regions and groups as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Appalachia<br />
        </li>
        <li> Choctaw<br />
        </li>
        <li> Haiti<br />
        </li>
        <li> Island Carib<br />
        </li>
        <li> Maya<br />
        </li>
        <li> Quechua<br />
        </li>
        <li> Seminole<br />
        </li>
        <li> Western Inuit and Yupik<br />
        </li>
        <li> Xavante<br />
        </li>
        <li> Yanomami<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          Because folklore is the essence of daily life, this encyclopedia addresses the curriculum needs of high school students and is
          also an indispensable resource for teachers. In addition, anyone researching folklore in a public library will find this the first
          place to look for detailed information about cultural traditions around the world.</li>
        </span> </div>
      <div id="pnlLCCardNumber" class="description"> <span class="book_options">LC Card Number:</span> <span id="lblLCCardNumber">2005019219</span></div>
      <div id="pnlLCCClass" class="description"> <span class="book_options">LCC Class:</span> <span id="lblLCCClass">GR35 </span> </div>
      <div id="pnlDeweyClass" class="description"> <span class="book_options">Dewey Class:</span> <span id="lblDeweyClass">398</span> </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</pre>


=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
* title
<pre>
* authors
  <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
* Pages
    <tr valign="top">
* format (PDF)
      <td><font id="title_catalogue_font"><b>Regionalism &amp; Regional Security</b></font></td>
* Additional Information
    </tr>
* abstract
  </table>
* index terms
  <font id="text">
* journal
  <div style="" align="">
* issue
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
* volume
      <tr valign="top">
* pubdate
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">ISBN Number</font></td>
* DOI
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">9812102108</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Series</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">null</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Title</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Imprint</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">Eastern Universities Press</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Specifications</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">152 mm X 227 mm, 368 pp, limp with flaps, 500 gms</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Authors</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Target Audience</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">University lecturers/researchers, undergraduate students, academicians and those interested in Regional Security Studies.</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Price (SG)</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">S$ 39.00</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Price (US)</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">US$ 30.00</font> &nbsp; <a href="javascript: addToCart()"><img src="/marshallcavendish/components/db_content/MC_AC_redirector/pic/addCart.gif" border="0"/></a></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <br/>
    <br/>
    The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington represented a true watershed in world history.<br/>
    <br/>
    The attacks revealed the horrifying nature of the so-called "new terrorism" that has emerged in the post-Cold War era. The new terrorism is defined by four key features:</div>
  </font>
  <ul>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">sheer lethality</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">religious dimension</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">networked organizational structure</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">greatly enhanced striking power &nbsp; </font></p>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <font id="text">
  <div style="" align="">As September 11 clearly demonstrated, the new terrorists can leverage on technology to inflict catastrophic damage even on superpowers, let alone other states.<br/>
    <br/>
    To examine the new dimensions of terrorism, a conference was organized in Singapore in late March 2002 that brought together a number of leading experts from a wide range of backgrounds from America, Europe and Asia, and the key findings are presented in this volume under the following headings:</div>
  </font>
  <ul>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Anatomy of the new terrorism</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Terrorist trends and patterns in the Asia-Pacific region</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Religion and terrorism: Southeast Asian perspectives</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Formulating counter-strategies &nbsp; </font></p>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <font id="text">
  <div style="" align=""> <span style="font-weight: bold;"> <b> About the Author: </b> </span> <br/>
    Both Andrew Tan and Kumar Ramakrishna are Assistant Professors at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.<br/>
    Andrew Tan received his M.Phil from Cambridge and PhD from the University of Sydney. His research interests are conflict (inter-state tensions, insurgencies, terrorism and force modernization) in Southeast Asia, and security issues in Asia.<br/>
    Kumar Ramakrishna obtained his PhD in History from the University of London in 1999. He teaches and writes on the history of strategic thought as well as the war on terror.</div>
  </font>
  <td width="18.666662" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
  </td>
  <tr valign="top">
    <td width="570.666524" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
    </td>
    <td width="18.666662" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
    </td>
  </tr>
</div>
</pre>


=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
''Conference Proceedings:''
<pre>
  <div class="isbnSummaryDetails">
    <h2> <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471">The Glorious Cause</a> </h2>
    <div class="subTitle"> The American Revolution, 1763-1789 </div>
    <div class="edition"> Revised and Expanded Edition </div>
    <div class="byline"> Robert Middlekauff </div>
    <span class="isbnNumber">0195162471</span>, <span class="format">hardback</span>, <span class="publicationDate"> Feb 2005 </span> <span class="price"> $37.50 </span> <span class="description"> The classic history of the American Revolution--now in an updated and expanded twentieth anniversary edition </span>
    <div class="related">
      <h3>More </h3>
      <!-- /HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary -->
      <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/?view=usa&amp;sf=all">History, American</a> &gt; <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;sf=all">Colonial & Revolutionary</a> </div>
  </div>
  <!--/isbnSummaryDetails-->
</div>
</pre>


=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
* title
<pre>
* authors
  <div class="isbnProperties isbnSummary">
* author institutions
    <div class="isbnSummaryHeading">
* source (conference + proceedings name)
      <h1>The Glorious Cause</h1>
* page
      <div class="subTitle"> The American Revolution, 1763-1789 </div>
* year
      <div class="edition"> Revised and Expanded Edition </div>
* isbn
      <div class="byline"> Robert Middlekauff </div>
* publisher name & address
    </div>
* DOI
    <!--/isbnSummaryHeading-->
* abstract
    <div class="cover"> <span class="bookShot"><a href="#"><img src="/images/covers/0195162471.jpg"
* subject category labels
                    ... alt="bookshot" /> </a></span> <span class="addToCart"><a href="http://www.us.oup.com/us/cart/cart.jsp?op=a&amp;i=0195162471&amp;c=85&amp;q=1&amp;r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.oup.com%2Fus%2Fcatalog%2Fgeneral%2Fsubject%2FHistoryAmerican%2FColonialRevolutionary%2F%3Fview%3Dusa%26ci%3D0195162471">Add to Cart</a></span> </div>
* keywords
    <!--/cover-->
    <div class="isbnSummaryDetails"> <span class="isbnNumber">0195162471</span>, <span class="format">hardback</span>, <span class="pages"> 760 pages </span>
      <div id="generalinfo"> <span class="publicationDate">Feb 2005,&nbsp;</span> <span class="availability"> In Stock </span> </div>
      <div class="cost">
        <h2>Price:</h2>
        $37.50 <span class="discountCode">(02)</span> </div>
      <div class="shipping"> <a href="/us/assets/shippingInfo.jsp?si=1.5&amp;so=3.75&amp;sc=0&amp;isi=5&amp;iso=5&amp;isc=0" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(this.href, this.target, 'height=445,width=445,scrollbars');
  return false;">Shipping Details</a> </div>
      <div class="moreSeries redArrow">
        <h3>See more from the series</h3>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/us/catalog/general/series/OxfordHistoryoftheUnitedStates/?view=usa">Oxford History of the United States, Vol. 3</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <!--moreSeries-->
    </div>
    <!--/isbnSummaryDetails-->
  </div>
</div>
</pre>


=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
=== Amazon.com citation info ===
<pre>
<div id =" title_main">


<h2>Contemporary Literary Criticism</h2>
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.


<div id =" credits">
[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]]
<ul>
<li><h2>Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, Scriptwriters, & Other Creative Writers</h2>
Volume 1</li>
<li><i>Published by Thomson Gale</i></li>
</ul>
</div>


<div id =" description">
* title
<p>Each print volume in this long-standing series profiles approximately 6-8 novelists, poets, playwrights and other creative writers by providing full-text or excerpted criticism taken from books, magazines, literary reviews, newspapers and scholarly journals. Among those profiled in this volume are:</p>
* author
<ul>
* series title
<li>Kingsley Amis
* page
<li>John Dos Passos
<li>Hermann Hesse
<li>Ezra Pound
</ul>
</div><!-- Description -->


<div id =" detail">
=== CiteSeer database search results ===
<ul>
<li>Published/Released:<strong> March 1973</strong></li>
<li>ISBN: <strong>0-8103-0100-8</strong></li>
<li>Product number: <strong>001415</strong></li>
<li>Page count: <strong>485 pp./vol.</strong></li>
<li>Shipping Weight: <strong>5.00 lbs (2.27 kgs)</strong></li>
</ul>
</div>  <!-- /detail-->


<div id =" price">
The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
  <P>Price: US $205.00</p>
#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]]
</div>
#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]]


</div>
* author
</div>
* title
</pre>
* journal
* pages
* publication date
* URL
* Accessed On


== Breakdown of Citation Elements ==
=== CiteULike.org citation listing ===


Using the above examples, various parts of the citations (titles, authors, etc.) can be grouped together for comparision:
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]


=== Book titles: ===
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]]
<pre>
&lt;span id="title" class="producttitle"&gt;The 1920's&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO product detail page)


&lt;div class="title"&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
* title
(Greenwood Press homepage)
* author
* subjects
* image
* Volume
* Number
* publication date
* page


&lt;span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block"&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/span&gt;
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
(Greenwood Press product detail page)
* Z3988
* DOI
* Pubmed
* Hubmed


&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Title&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
=== CiteProc XHTML Output ===
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]]
(Marshall Cavendish product detail page)


&lt;h2&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
(Oxford Univ. Press, homepage)


&lt;h1&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/h1&gt;
* refID (HTML @ID)
(OUP, product detail page)
* creator
* role (to indicate editors and translators)
* date
* title
* volume
* issue
* page
* issue
* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
* edition
* publisher
* place
* location (for urls and physical locations)
* access date (for online items)


&lt;h2&gt;Contemporary Literary Criticism&lt;/h2&gt;
=== Google Cache ===
(Thomson Gale, product detail page)
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup]
* url
* retrieved date


&lt;span id="ctlBookDetailHeader_lblTitle" class="ProdTitle"&gt;Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods&lt;/span&gt; (SAGE Publications)
=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
</pre>
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
Also, many examples where books presented in table format with Title as cell header, or presented "Title: "
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
* title
* subtitle
* author
* ISBN
* Price
* Description


=== Book Series Name: ===
=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
<pre>
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
&lt;span id="serieslbl" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;a href="..."&gt;Teaching With Documents Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]
(ABC-CLIO)
</pre>


=== Sub-title: ===
* Title
<pre>
* subtitle
&lt;span id="subtitle" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
* authors
(ABC-CLIO)
* AuthorsNote
* BookCode (internal code system)
* ISBN
* Page
* Publisher
* Publication Date
* Price
* Availability
* MediaType
* categories
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class


=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]


&lt;div class="sub_title"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/div&gt;
* title
(Greenwood, homepage)
* authors
* journal
* issue
* volume
* issue
* pubdate
* page
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
* summary


&lt;span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/span&gt;
(Greenwood, product page)


=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]


&lt;div class="subTitle"&gt; The American Revolution, 1763-1789 &lt;/div&gt;
* ISBN
(OUP)
* Series
</pre>
* Title
* publisher
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Authors
* Target Audience
* Price
* description


=== Author: ===
=== Ning ===
<pre>
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example]
&lt;span id="credit" class="productauthor"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
* title
(ABC-CLIO)
* publications date
* retrieved on


=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]


&lt;div class="author"&gt;William M. Clements&lt;/div&gt;
* title
(Greenwood)
* subTitle
* edition
* byline
* ISBN
* format - hardback
* publication Date
* price
* description
* related


=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]


&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Authors&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
* title
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
* subTitle
(Marshall Cavendish)
* edition
* byline
* image
* isbnNumber
* format - hardback
* pages
* publication Date
* availability
* price


=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]


&lt;div class="byline"&gt; Robert Middlekauff &lt;/div&gt;
* title
(OUP)
* excerp
</pre>
* Volume
* Publisher
* description
* Published date
* ISBN
* Product number (internal code system)
* Pages
* Shipping Weight
* price


=== Publication Date: ===
=== RFC vCard Example ===
<pre>
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]
&lt;span id="pubdate" class="productdetailbody"&gt;11/2001&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO -- see table structure)


* refID (HTML @ID)
* title
* publication
* title
* Journal
* Volume
* Issue
* page
* pubdate
* RFC ID


&lt;div id="pnlPubDate"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;Publication Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblPubDate"&gt;12/30/2005&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
=== University of Virginia ===
(Greenwood, detail page)
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup]
* title
* publication date
* retrived on
* location
* organization


=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]


&lt;span class="publicationDate"&gt; Feb 2005 &lt;/span&gt;
* refID (HTML @ID)
(OUP)
* URL
* title
* subtitle
* part (1 of X)
* journal
* authors
* pubdate
* language
* ISO/IEC ID
* RFC ID


[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]


&lt;li&gt;Published/Released:&lt;strong&gt; March 1973&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
(Thomson Gale)
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]
</pre>
 
=== Volumes: ===
<pre>
&lt;td ... class="productdetailhead"&gt;&lt;span id="volumeslabel" class="productdetailhead"&gt;Volumes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td ... class="productdetailbody"&gt;&lt;span id="volumes" class="productdetailbody"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)
</pre>
 
=== ISBN: ===
<pre>
&lt;td class="productdetailhead" ...&gt;&lt;span id="ISBNLabel"&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class="productdetailbody"&gt;1-57607-785-3&lt;/td&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)
 
 
&lt;div class="isbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, homepage)
 
&lt;div id="pnlIsbn"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;ISBN:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblIsbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, product page)
 
 
&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;ISBN Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;9812102108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(Marshall Cavendish)
 
 
&lt;span class="isbnNumber"&gt;0195162471&lt;/span&gt;
(OUP)
 
 
&lt;li&gt;ISBN: &lt;strong&gt;0-8103-0100-8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
(Thomson Gale)
</pre>
 
=== Book Edition: ===
<pre>
&lt;div class="edition"&gt; Revised and Expanded Edition &lt;/div&gt;
(OUP)
</pre>
Added by [[User:Tim White|Tim]]
 
== RFC vCard Example ==
<pre><nowiki>
9.  References
 
  [ISO 8601]    ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats -
                Information interchange - Representation of dates and
                times - The International Organization for
                Standardization, June, 1988.
 
  [ISO 8601 TC] ISO 8601, Technical Corrigendum 1 - Data elements and
                interchange formats - Information interchange -
                Representation of dates and times - The International
                Organization for Standardization, May, 1991.
 
  [ISO 9070]    ISO 9070, Information Processing - SGML support
                facilities - Registration Procedures for Public Text
                Owner Identifiers, April, 1991.
 
  [CCITT E.163] Recommendation E.163 - Numbering Plan for The
                International Telephone Service, CCITT Blue Book,
                Fascicle II.2, pp.  128-134, November, 1988.
 
  [CCITT X.121] Recommendation X.121 - International Numbering Plan for
                Public Data Networks, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3,
                pp. 317-332, November, 1988.
 
  [CCITT X.520] Recommendation X.520 - The Directory - Selected
                Attribute Types, November 1988.
 
  [CCITT X.521] Recommendation X.521 - The Directory - Selected Object
                Classes, November 1988.
 
  [MIME-DIR]    Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A MIME Content-
                Type for Directory Information", RFC 2425, September
                1998.
 
  [RFC 1738]    Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
                "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December
                1994.
 
  [RFC 1766]    Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
                Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.
 
  [RFC 1872]    Levinson, E., "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-
                type", RFC 1872, December 1995.
 
  [RFC 2045]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
                Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet
                Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
 
  [RFC 2046]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
                Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC
                2046, November 1996.
 
  [RFC 2047]    Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
                (MIME) - Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
                Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.
 
  [RFC 2048]    Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
                Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four:
                Registration Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.
 
  [RFC 2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
 
  [RFC 2234]    Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
                Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
 
  [UNICODE]    "The Unicode Standard - Version 2.0", The Unicode
                Consortium, July 1996.
 
  [VCARD]      Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The Electronic
                Business Card Version 2.1",
                http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt, September 18,
                1996.
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2426.html vCard RFC]
 
== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
<pre><nowiki>
<h1><a name="refs" id="refs">E.</a> References</h1>
 
<p><strong>This appendix is informative.</strong></p>
 
<dl>
<dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><strong>[CSS2]</strong></a></dt>
 
<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification</a></cite>", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</dd>
 
<dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><strong>[DOM]</strong></a></dt>
 
<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></cite>", Lauren Wood <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</em>, 1 October
1998.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</dd>
 
<dt><a name="ref-dom2" id="ref-dom2"><strong>[DOM2]</strong></a></dt>
 
<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification</a></cite>", A. Le&#160;Hors, <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
al.</em>, 13 November 2000.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core</dd>
 
<dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><strong>[HTML]</strong></a></dt>
 
<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", D. Raggett, A. Le&#160;Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401</dd>
 
<dt><a name="ref-posix.1" id="ref-posix.1"><strong>[POSIX.1]</strong></a></dt>
 
<dd>"<cite>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]</cite>", Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.</dd>
 
<dt><a id="ref-rfc2045" name="ref-rfc2045"><strong>[RFC2045]</strong></a></dt>


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November
* abstract
1996. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
* title
* publisher
* journal
* date of publication
* volume
* issue
* pages
* language
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* PubMedID


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><strong>[RFC2046]</strong></a></dt>
=== BibDesk Default Template ===
[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996.<br />
This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.  
Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><strong>[RFC2119]</strong></a></dt>
* Title
* Author
* Journal
* Volume
* Pages
* Date
* Url
* Abstract


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>", S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
=== Wikipedia ===
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>
[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><strong>[RFC2376]</strong></a></dt>
Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt">RFC2376: XML Media Types</a></cite>", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.<br />
==== English Wikipedia ====
This document is obsoleted by [<a href="#ref-rfc3023">RFC3023</a>].<br />
The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><strong>[RFC2396]</strong></a></dt>
===== Original Markup =====
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup]
* id
* title
* url
* Retrieved/Accessed On
* Publication Date
* Journal


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>", T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.<br />
===== Book =====
This document updates RFC1738 and RFC1808.<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</dd>
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2854" id="ref-rfc2854"><strong>[RFC2854]</strong></a></dt>
* title
* author
* publisher
* year
* ISBN
* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt">RFC2854: The text/html Media Type</a></cite>", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June 2000.<br />
===== Book Infobox =====
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-rfc3023" id="ref-rfc3023"><strong>[RFC3023]</strong></a></dt>
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">RFC3023: XML Media Types</a></cite>", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January 2001.<br />
See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates].
This document obsoletes [<a href="#ref-rfc2376">RFC2376</a>].<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</dd>


<dt><a id="ref-rfc3066" name="ref-rfc3066"><strong>[RFC3066]</strong></a></dt>
* name
* title_orig   
* translator   
* image         
* image_caption 
* author       
* illustrator   
* cover_artist 
* country       
* language     
* series       
* subject       
* genre         
* publisher     
* release_date 
* english_release_date
* media_type   
* pages         
* isbn         
* preceded_by   
* followed_by   


<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">Tags for the Identification of Languages</a>", H. Alvestrand, January 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</dd>


<dt><a id="ref-rfc3236" name="ref-rfc3236"><strong>[RFC3236]</strong></a></dt>


<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt">The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media Type</a>", M. Baker, P. Stark, January 2002.<br />
===== Journal Articles =====
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt</dd>
See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals]


<dt><a id="ref-xhtml-mathml" name="ref-xhtml-mathml"><strong>[XHTML+MathML]</strong></a></dt>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]


<dd><cite>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">XHTML plus Math 1.1 <abbr title="Document Type Definition">DTD</abbr></a></cite>", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical
* author (truncated list)
Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd</dd>
* year
* title
* journal title
* journal number
* page range
* [http://doi.org DOI]


<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmime" name="ref-xhtmlmime"><strong>[XHTMLMIME]</strong></a></dt>
===== Court cases =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">XHTML Media Types</a></cite>", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August 2002.<br />
* title
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types</dd>
* case number
** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"''
* court name
* year
* description/abstract


<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmod" name="ref-xhtmlmod"><strong>[XHTMLMOD]</strong></a></dt>
===== U.S. Law =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML</a></cite>", M. Altheim et al., 10 April 2001.<br />
* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>
* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
* chapter number
* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)


<dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><strong>[XML]</strong></a></dt>
===== Conference presentations =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]


<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>", T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October
* title
2000.<br />
* location
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>
* date
* author (implied - the page is about this person)


<dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><strong>[XMLNS]</strong></a></dt>


<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a>", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.<br />
===== Historical Sources =====
XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI.<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]


<dt><a name="ref-xmlc14n" id="ref-xmlc14n"><strong>[XMLC14N]</strong></a></dt>
* source / location
 
* title
<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical XML Version 1.0</a>", J. Boyer, 15 March 2001.<br />
* publisher
This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML document.<br />
* year
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n</dd>
* description
</dl>
* url
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]


== CiteProc XHTML Output ==
===== U.S. Patent =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]


The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
* number


<pre><nowiki>
==== German Wikipedia ====
<div id="bibliography">
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles]


  <h3>References</h3>
=== EPrints.org ===


  <p id="Brenner2000a" class="bibref">
[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
    <span class="creator">Brenner, N.</span>
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]
    <span class="date"> (<span class="year">2000</span>) </span>
    <span class="title">The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections
    on Henri Lefebre, Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, </span>
    <span class="container">
      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">International Journal of
        Urban and Regional Research, </span>
      <span class="volume">24</span>
      <span class="issue">(2)</span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 361–78</span>
      </span>.
    </p>


  <p id="NW2000-0207" class="bibref">
Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
    <span class="creator">Newsweek</span>
    <span class="date">
      (<span class="year">2000a</span>
      <span class="month">, February</span>
      <span class="day"> 7</span>)
    </span>
    <span class="title">The Grandmas Pay a Visit, </span>
    <span class="container">
      <span class="volume">135</span>
      <span class="issue">(6)</span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 45</span>
    </span>.
  </p>


  <p id="Veer1996a" class="bibref">
* title
    <span class="creator">van der Veer, P.</span>
* creator (author)
    <span class="date"><span class="year"> (1996) </span></span>
* description (abstract)
    <span class="title">Riots and Rituals: The Construction of Violence
* date
      and Public Space in Hindu Nationalism</span>
* type
    <span class="container">, In Brass, P.<span class="role"> (Ed.)</span>.  
* identifier (a url)
      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">Riots and Pogroms.</span>
* format
      <span class="origin"><span class="place">New York</span>
** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
      <span class="publisher">: NYU Press</span></span>
* fulltext
      <span class="locator">, pp. 154–76</span>
** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.
    </span>.
  </p>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>


== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==
In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
*  title
* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
* year
* conference
* conference location


The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
=== Wolfram Mathworld ===


First, the markup for one entry from the table of contents page for the ACM TACO (Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization) journal:
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup]


<pre>
A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.
<nowiki>
<td align="left" class="small-text">
<a href="citation.cfm?id=1113841.1113842&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=1113841&part=periodical&WantType=periodical&title=ACM%20Transactions%20on%20Architecture%20and%20Code%20Optimization%20%28TACO%29&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650"class="medium-text" target="_self">
<strong>Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization </strong>
</a>
<br>
Wankang Zhao, David Whalley, Christopher Healy, Frank Mueller
<br>
<small> Pages: 335 - 365</small>
<br>Full text available:&nbsp;<A HREF="ft_gateway.cfm?id=1113842&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650" target="_blank"><img src="images/pdf_logo.gif" ... height="16" hspace="1" alt="pdf format" border="0" align="texttop">Pdf</A>(510&nbsp;KB)


<div class="smaller-text"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellpadding="0"><tr valign="top"><td class="smaller-text" nowrap>Additional Information:</td>
* authors
<td class="smaller-text"><img src="img/doc_blank.gif" ... height="16" alt="" border="0" align="texttop">
* title
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=cit&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#CIT" target="_self">full citation</a>,
* publisher (name and location)
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=abstract&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#abstract" target="_self">abstract</A>,
* date (just year)
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=references&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#references" target="_self"> references</A>,
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=indexterms&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#indexterms" target="_self"> index terms</A></td></tr></table></div></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
</nowiki>
</pre>


The markup for the 'full citation' page is similar, with a little more information about the authors.
===LibraryThing===
*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy]


Here's the markup from the 'ACM Ref' link, which apparently is how they suggest you format it:
=== Self-Citation Example ===
<pre>
[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
<nowiki>
Zhao, W., Whalley, D., Healy, C., and Mueller, F. 2005.
* title
Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization.
* author
<i>ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.</i> 2, 4 (Dec. 2005), 335-365.
* periodical (journal) title
DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1113841.1113842
* volume
</nowiki>
* issue
</pre>
* pages
* year


== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==
=== Citation of an Online Resource ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup]


<pre><nowiki>
At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html  Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:
<td width="96%" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" valign="middle">
<strong>On the parallel execution time of tiled loops</strong><br>
Hogstedt, K.; Carter, L.; Ferrante, J.<br>
<A href='/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71'>Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on</A><br>
Volume: 14


&nbsp;Issue: 3
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
&nbsp;March 2003 <br />
Page(s): 307- 321<br>
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPDS.2003.1189587<br>


<div id="menu0" style="display:block"><strong>Summary:&nbsp;</strong> Many
* title
computationally-intensive programs, such as those for differential equations, spatial
* publication year
interpolation, and dynamic programming, spend a large portion of their execution time in
* department/author
multiply-nested loops that have a regular stencil of data dependences.....</div>
* retrieval date
</td>
* URL




</nowiki>
[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this:
</pre>


== CiteSeer database search results ==
E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.


The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
* author
* publication year
* web page title
* URL
* accessed date


Here's what you see on the main page for a given paper - this information is duplicated everywhere on the page, but this is where it's formatted most like an academic citation:
<pre><nowiki>
<font size=-1>Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
Automated support for program refactoring using invariants. In ICSM, pages 736-- 743,
November 2001. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kataoka01automated.html &nbsp;
<a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/check/1791139">More</a></font><br>


</nowiki>
[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources:
</pre>


Clicking on the 'More' link in the above text gets you a page with a listing of all the ways they found it written out as a citation in other papers. This is an example of how they mark up each of those entries:
''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.


<pre><nowiki>
* title
<br>
* URL
Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
* accessed date
<i>Automated support for program refactoring using invariants</i>.
In ICSM, pages 736-- 743, November 2001.<br>
<br>
</nowiki>
</pre>


== CiteULike.org citation listing ==
=== OCLC WorldCat Online ===


[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] is a shared reference database site that allows organization using tags and ratings. The site imports from many unstructured web resources using mostly screen-scraping plugins (I think --Mike)
==== Book ====
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup]


Here is an example of the markup for one article on the main page:
* title
<pre><nowiki>
* type (book)
<tr>
* publisher name
  <td...>
* publisher location
    <ul>
* copyright date
      <li>
* isbn
        <a class="title" href="/user/jrw/article/505272">Geometric phases in adiabatic open quantum systems</a>
* oclc number
        <div class="vague"></div>
* subjects
        <div class="vague">by<a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Sarandy">Sarandy</a> MS,
* author
          <a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Lidar">Lidar</a> DA</div>
* z39.88 (COinS)
        <div class="vague">
          posted to <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/geometry">geometry</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/physics">physics</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum">quantum</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum-information">quantum-information</a>
          by <a href="/user/jrw">jrw</a>
          as <img alt="x"src="http://static.citeulike.org/img/star2.png" />
          on&nbsp;2006-02-14 18:36:22
        </div>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>


And here is markup from the detail page for another publication:
==== Journal ====
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]


<pre><nowiki>
* title
<div class="content">
* type (journal)
<table...>
* publisher
  <tr>
* issn
    <td...><h1>T-Coffee: A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment.</h1></td>
* oclc number
  <td>
* subjects
</td>
* z39.88 (COinS)
</tr>
</table>
<div class="vague"><i>J Mol Biol</i>, Vol. 302, No. 1. (8 September 2000), pp. 205-217.</div>
<br>


<h2>Authors</h2>
====West Midland Bird Club====
Uses OpenCOinS
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation]
*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles]


<ul>
Features include:
  <li>
*title
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Notredame">Notredame</a> C</span>,
*author
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Higgins">Higgins</a> DG</span>,
*date
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Heringa">Heringa</a> J</span>
*price (historic, at time of publication)
  </li>
*format
</ul>
*publisher
..
*number of pages
<table...>
*ISBN/ ISSN
  <tr>
*product dimensions
    <td ...>
*page numbers of article
      <h2>Online Article
*image(s)
        <span class="Z3988"
          title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/citeulike.org/citeulike&amp;rft.aufirst=&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10%2e1006%2fjmbi%2e2000%2e4042&amp;rft.spage=205&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Notredame&amp;rft.title=J+Mol+Biol&amp;rft.epage=217&amp;rft.issn=0022%2d2836&amp;rft.volume=302&amp;rft.auinit=C&amp;rft.atitle=T%2dCoffee%3a+A+novel+method+for+fast+and+accurate+multiple+sequence+alignment%2e&amp;date=2000-9-8&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;genre=article">
        </span>


      </h2>
====Amazon====
    </td>
Product listings, e.g.
  </div>
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825]
</td>
*title
</tr>
*author
<tr>
*price
  <td ...>
*format
    <ul>
*publisher
      <li>
*number of pages
        <span class="black">DOI:</span>
*language
        <a accesskey="1" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4042" rel="nofollow">View article online</a>
*ISBN
      </li>
*product dimensions
      <li>
*shipping weighta
        <span class="black">Pubmed:</span>
*average customer review
        <a accesskey="2"
*image
          href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
*Amazon.com Sales Rank
            View article online</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span class="black">Hubmed:</span>
        <a accesskey="3" href="http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
          View article online</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </td>
</tr>
</table>
</nowiki>
</pre>


== Amazon.com citation info ==
====ABE====
Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0]
*title
*author
*ISBN
*publisher
*publication date
*country
*edition
*condition
*whether signed
*format/binding
*number of pages
*bookseller
*inventory number
*price
*shipping costs
*quantity


This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
===Open URL===


<pre><nowiki>
* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]]
<a name='citing' ></a><b>This book cites 10 books:</b><br />
<ul...>
  <li>
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1555424236/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance">
      The New Faculty Member: Supporting and Fostering Professional Development (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
    </a>
    by Robert Boice on
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S04X&checkSum=vptuDOjULIOadVNe9UFX36fnIKktwxxQOeBmFQupyrA%3D">page 156</a>, and <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S088&checkSum=vptuDOjULINm2bvcL37hZR%2BcnJi%2F9hhUyu1%2FlXWnOM8%3D">
      page 275
    </a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0137947364/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance" >Science, Technology and Society</a>
    by Robert E. McGinn on
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S023&checkSum=vptuDOjULIMgFwAeeT8gWiDHmklkxfy%2BGug%2BAS7UI2Y%3D">page 54</a></li><li>


===Upcoming===
====Open Library====
*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library]
**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31]


 
== External Lists of Citation Examples ==
</nowiki>
* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm
</pre>
 
== PubMed Medical Journal Example ==  
 
Still another example of markup in the wild, coming from a search for "pancreas" in the New England Journal of Medicine from pubmed.org.
 
Note the title attribute with the expanded version of the canonical abbreviation for the journal.
 
<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<td ...>
<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15371579&itool=iconnoabstr&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum">
    <img alt="No abstract" id="No abstract_15371579" ... Title="No abstract">
</a>
</td>
<td ...>Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.<br>
<font size="-1">
<span title="The New England journal of medicine.">N Engl J Med.</span> 2004 Sep 16;351(12):1218-26. Review. No abstract available. <br>
PMID: 15371579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
</font>
</td>
</nowiki></pre>
 


== Implied schema ==
== Implied schema ==
=== List of all properties ===
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.


Many of the examples have simple citations in &lt;p&gt;, &lt;div&gt;, &lt;td&gt; etc with no further coding; i.e. &lt;td&gt;Book Title. Author. Publisher, date.&lt;/td&gt;
* title
* subtitle
* author
* editor
* translator
* image
* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
* language
* description/Summary/abstract
* excerpt
* index terms
* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)


The following lists the most common markup:
RELATIONS
* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
* collection (series and so forth)
* event (conference, etc.)
* original (for republished material)


=== Book Titles: ===
LOCATION INFORMATION
* pages
* volume
* series title
* Series
* edition
* issue
* publication
* journal
* part (1 of X)


*id="title"
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
*class="producttitle"
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
*class="title"
* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
*id="lblTitle"
*h1
*h2
*&lt;dt&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
*&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;
*&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
*&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;


=== Book Series: ===
IDENTIFIERS
* ISBN
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class
* URL
* RFC ID
* ISO/IEC ID
* DOI
* PubMedID


*id="serieslbl"
PUBLISHER
*class="productsubtitle"
* publisher


=== Sub-titles: ===


*id="subtitle"
These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
*class="productsubtitle"
* refID (HTML @ID)
*class="sub_title"
* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
*id="lblSubTitle"
* Availability
*class="book_subline"
* Price
*class="subTitle"
* Shipping Weight
* related
* Product number (internal system code)
* BookCode (internal system code)
* AuthorsNote
* Additional Information
* Target Audience


=== Author: ===
=== Analysis of Examples ===
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
* title
* subtitle
* author
* publication date
* description
* pages
* ISBN
* publisher


*id="credit"
== Styles ==
*class="productauthor"
'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''.
*class="author"
*Authors (table cell)
*class="byline"
*class="creator"
*class="role"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
*&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;


=== Publication Date: ===
*id="pubdate"
*Publication Date: (table cell)
*id="pnlPubDate"
*Publication Date:
*class="publicationdate"
*Published/Released:
*class="date" w/ class="year", class="month", class="day"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
=== Publisher: ===
*class="publisher"
*class="origin" (publication location)
=== Volumes: ===
*class="volume"
=== Issue Number: ===
*class="issue"
=== Page Numbers: ===
*class="locator" (inclusive page numbers)
=== ISBN: ===
*class="isbn"
*id="pnlIsbn"
*id="lblIsbn"
*class="isbnNumber"
=== Book Edition: ===
*class="edition"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
== Citeproc XHTML output ==
I'm the author of the [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html citeproc] project, which includes a micro-format of sorts (though I never thought of it as such) in its XHTML output mode.  See [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/examples/apa-en.html here] for an example.  The difference compared to the bibtex-derived model is that is a) more generic and b) hierachical.
It would be possible, certainly, to do a flat model if for some reason there was a good technical reason not to go hierarchical (though is there?)
'''The burden of proof is on *going* hierarchical, rather than a simpler flat solution.  Complexity must be justified, not simplicity.'''
... but then you need to think outside the BibTeX box in any case. Any model of this sort ought to be able to handle legal citations, magazine articles, patents, etc. etc.; not just a narrow range of BibTeX types.
'''Per the microformats [[process]], microformats are designed to support existing practice on the Web, anything else should be omitted from at least the first version.'''
== Styles ==
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.


* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations
* [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE]
 
==Other examples==
*[[citations_in_the_wild]]
*[[blog-quote-examples]]
 
 
==See also==
{{citation-related-pages}}

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020


The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • image
  • publication date
  • pages
  • volumes
  • specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
  • Format - (Hardback, softback)
  • Price
  • ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.

The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

  • title
  • authors
  • Pages
  • format (PDF)
  • Additional Information
  • abstract
  • index terms
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • pubdate
  • DOI

Conference Proceedings:

  • title
  • authors
  • author institutions
  • source (conference + proceedings name)
  • page
  • year
  • isbn
  • publisher name & address
  • DOI
  • abstract
  • subject category labels
  • keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

Amazon's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • series title
  • page

CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

  1. CiteSeer's Original Markup
  2. CiteSeer's Original Example 2
  • author
  • title
  • journal
  • pages
  • publication date
  • URL
  • Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike

CiteULike's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • subjects
  • image
  • Volume
  • Number
  • publication date
  • page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

  • Z3988
  • DOI
  • Pubmed
  • Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

CiteProc Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • creator
  • role (to indicate editors and translators)
  • date
  • title
  • volume
  • issue
  • page
  • issue
  • container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
  • type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
  • edition
  • publisher
  • place
  • location (for urls and physical locations)
  • access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

  • url
  • retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • ISBN
  • Price
  • Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page Original Markup

  • Title
  • subtitle
  • authors
  • AuthorsNote
  • BookCode (internal code system)
  • ISBN
  • Page
  • Publisher
  • Publication Date
  • Price
  • Availability
  • MediaType
  • categories
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Original Markup

  • title
  • authors
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • issue
  • pubdate
  • page
  • Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
  • summary


Marshall Cavendish product page

product page Original Markup

  • ISBN
  • Series
  • Title
  • publisher
  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Authors
  • Target Audience
  • Price
  • description

Ning

Original Example

  • title
  • publications date
  • retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • ISBN
  • format - hardback
  • publication Date
  • price
  • description
  • related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • image
  • isbnNumber
  • format - hardback
  • pages
  • publication Date
  • availability
  • price

Thomson Gale product detail page

Original Markup

  • title
  • excerp
  • Volume
  • Publisher
  • description
  • Published date
  • ISBN
  • Product number (internal code system)
  • Pages
  • Shipping Weight
  • price

RFC vCard Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • title
  • publication
  • title
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Issue
  • page
  • pubdate
  • RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

  • title
  • publication date
  • retrived on
  • location
  • organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • URL
  • title
  • subtitle
  • part (1 of X)
  • journal
  • authors
  • pubdate
  • language
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

PubMed Medical Journal Example

Original Markup

  • abstract
  • title
  • publisher
  • journal
  • date of publication
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • language
  • Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

  • Title
  • Author
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Pages
  • Date
  • Url
  • Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.

Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).

English Wikipedia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Original Markup

Original Markup

  • id
  • title
  • url
  • Retrieved/Accessed On
  • Publication Date
  • Journal
Book

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • author
  • publisher
  • year
  • ISBN
  • url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
Book Infobox

The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.

See also Other Wikipedia book templates & Wikipedia citation templates.

  • name
  • title_orig
  • translator
  • image
  • image_caption
  • author
  • illustrator
  • cover_artist
  • country
  • language
  • series
  • subject
  • genre
  • publisher
  • release_date
  • english_release_date
  • media_type
  • pages
  • isbn
  • preceded_by
  • followed_by


Journal Articles

See also:Wikipedia infobox for journals

Example Example Markup

  • author (truncated list)
  • year
  • title
  • journal title
  • journal number
  • page range
  • DOI
Court cases

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • case number
    • note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
  • court name
  • year
  • description/abstract
U.S. Law

Example Example Markup

  • title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
  • chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
  • chapter number
  • section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
Conference presentations

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • location
  • date
  • author (implied - the page is about this person)


Historical Sources

Example Example Markup

  • source / location
  • title
  • publisher
  • year
  • description
  • url
U.S. Patent

Example Example Markup

  • number

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

example example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

  • title
  • creator (author)
  • description (abstract)
  • date
  • type
  • identifier (a url)
  • format
  • fulltext
    • this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

  • title
  • authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
  • year
  • conference
  • conference location

Wolfram Mathworld

example example markup

A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.

  • authors
  • title
  • publisher (name and location)
  • date (just year)

LibraryThing

  • [2] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

  • title
  • author
  • periodical (journal) title
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • year

Citation of an Online Resource

example markup

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

  • title
  • publication year
  • department/author
  • retrieval date
  • URL


"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:

E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.

  • author
  • publication year
  • web page title
  • URL
  • accessed date


"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:

Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.

  • title
  • URL
  • accessed date

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (book)
  • publisher name
  • publisher location
  • copyright date
  • isbn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • author
  • z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (journal)
  • publisher
  • issn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • z39.88 (COinS)

West Midland Bird Club

Uses OpenCOinS

Features include:

  • title
  • author
  • date
  • price (historic, at time of publication)
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • ISBN/ ISSN
  • product dimensions
  • page numbers of article
  • image(s)

Amazon

Product listings, e.g. [4]

  • title
  • author
  • price
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • language
  • ISBN
  • product dimensions
  • shipping weighta
  • average customer review
  • image
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank

ABE

Product listings, e.g. [5]

  • title
  • author
  • ISBN
  • publisher
  • publication date
  • country
  • edition
  • condition
  • whether signed
  • format/binding
  • number of pages
  • bookseller
  • inventory number
  • price
  • shipping costs
  • quantity

Open URL

Upcoming

Open Library

External Lists of Citation Examples

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • editor
  • translator
  • image
  • date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
  • language
  • description/Summary/abstract
  • excerpt
  • index terms
  • categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

  • container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
  • collection (series and so forth)
  • event (conference, etc.)
  • original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

  • pages
  • volume
  • series title
  • Series
  • edition
  • issue
  • publication
  • journal
  • part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

  • ISBN
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class
  • URL
  • RFC ID
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • DOI
  • PubMedID

PUBLISHER

  • publisher


These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • Availability
  • Price
  • Shipping Weight
  • related
  • Product number (internal system code)
  • BookCode (internal system code)
  • AuthorsNote
  • Additional Information
  • Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • publication date
  • description
  • pages
  • ISBN
  • publisher

Styles

This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

Other examples


See also

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