Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

h2vx

2009-11-10T00:56:56Z

Bob Jonkman: /* feedback */ Difficulty determining URLs to use on a Web page

<entry-title>H2VX</entry-title>
__TOC__
{{stub}}

<dfn>[http://h2vx.com H2VX]</dfn> is a production deployment of the [[X2V]] hCard and hCalendar conversion transforms.

It converts [[hCard]] contacts and [[hCalendar]] events on web pages to .vcf and .ics respectively for use in desktop and other client software applications.

== feedback ==
Have feedback on H2VX? Feel free to add to the top of this list and use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> to sign your name and date your comment. If this grows too big we can move it to [[h2vx-feedback]]

* As a Web page author I find the H2XV site a bit awkward to use -- it's difficult to find the URLs to use in my Web page. As an end-user it fine to have the H2VX bookmarklets in my toolbar, but as a page author I can't be sure everyone has the bookmarklets or Operator installed. [[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 00:56, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
* "Also, a short 'about' page would be worthwhile IMO, especially for adding to the homepage." - Norm on microformats-discuss.
* ...

== issues ==
Found a problem with H2VX? Please note it here at the top of this list and use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> to sign your name and date your comment. If this grows too big we can move it to [[h2vx-issues]]
* The "what are microformats?" style descriptions only appear on mouse-over of the trigger terms (those with class="term"). It does not appear at all when keyboard navigation is used, making it somewhat inaccessible. The problem here is that the trigger elements are the ones that should receive focus, but not being links they are not in the tabbing order so do not, hence the helper text never appears for keyboard users. [[User:Norm|Norm]] 10:39, 6 November 2009 (UTC)
** Quick fix: remove '''visibility:hidden''' from '''.term .info'''. [[User:Andr3|Andr3]]

* <i class="term"> should be made into <em>'s for semantic reasons. ;) [[User:Andr3|Andr3]]

=== resolved ===
Resolved issues are moved to this section. If this grows too big we can move it to [[h2vx-issues-resolved]]
* ...

=== closed ===
Once a resolved issue has no further actions (and ideally is verified by the issue reporter), it can be closed and moved to this section. If this grows too big we can move it to [[h2vx-issues-closed]]
* It would be good to have the option to pass "referer" instead of a URL. [[User:Adactio|Adactio]] 10:47, 4 November 2009 (UTC)
** http://h2vx.com/vcf/referrer and http://h2vx.com/ics/referrer are now up and running. Example of /vcf/referrer is live on http://tantek.com/ and the alternate spelling /vcf/referer is used live on http://clearleft.com/ - as such, closing this issue. [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 20:25, 5 November 2009 (UTC)
* ...

== see also ==
* [[X2V]]
* [[hCard]]
* [[hCalendar]]
* [[implementations]]

hatom-examples-in-wild

2008-09-24T19:10:06Z

Bob Jonkman: /* 0.1 hAtom examples */ Added new site

=hAtom Examples in the Wild=

The following sites have implemented [[hatom|hAtom]], and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If your site marked up with hAtom, feel free to add it o the '''top''' of this list. Please check back after a few days, to see if anyone has found any problems with the examples supplied.

== 0.1 hAtom examples==

* [http://fairvote.ca/en/WaterlooRegion Waterloo Region Chapter Fair Vote Canada] hAtom enabled until the site enables RSS/Atom in Drupal. Self-referentially linked with Luke Arno's [http://www.lukearno.com/projects/hatom2atom/ hatom2atom service].
* [http://www.aduk.org/ ADUK] use hAtom to mark up news on their home page.
* [http://thetyee.ca/Blogs/TheHook/ The Hook] a Canadian political blog, uses hAtom for blog posts and list of blog posts, however also offers a feedburner RSS feed.
* [http://www.plaintxt.org/experiments/blog-summary/ Blog Summary] is a [[wordpress|WordPress]] plugin from plaintxt.org that generates a semantic list of recent entries in hAtom. By [[implementors#Scott_Allan_Wallick|Scott Allan Wallick]].
* [http://www.yigg.de YiGG (a german social-news community)] Marks up all there Pages with stories using hAtom.
* [http://www.dancefederation.co.uk Dance Federation Salsa Dancing & Jive Dancing Lessons and Events ] Directory for classes, lessons and events users hatom for its news page and generating rss.
* [http://blog.kakkoi.net/ Kakkoi] - combine hAtom (i.e., xFolk RC1, hreview, hAtom) for blog posts and comments.
* [http://www.vibereview.com/ VibeReview] uses hAtom for sex toy reviews and articles (no nudity, but still maybe NSFW). Two feeds can be found on the homepage.
* [http://www.linuxinfusion.com/ Linux Infusion] uses hAtom for blog posts and comments.
* Joseph Bergantine has used hAtom to mark up [http://bergantinedesign.us/blog/my-microwave-has-a-button-that-says-record blog posts], [http://bergantinedesign.us/blog/ article lists], and [http://bergantinedesign.us/blog/doneish#comment000068 comments]
* [http://microrevie.ws/ MicroReviews] marks up each review with [[hAtom]] so that every page can be a feed. See [http://microrevie.ws/ the home page] or [http://microrevie.ws/????? 5-Star Reviews]
* LocalHero (localhero dot biz) A local search which returns it search results in hatom (as well as other microformats).
* [http://blog.livedoor.jp/forestk/ forestk's blog] uses hAtom (note it is Japanese!)
* [http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/ Niall Kennedy's Weblog] features hAtom on every page. includes comments.
* [http://weborganics.co.uk/ WebOrganics] - Has hAtom feeds on every page.
* [http://journal.redflavor.com/ Reprise] - A [http://redflavor.com/reprise.rb minimal blog] application which uses hAtom out of the box.
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/bangladeshboat BBC World Service Bangladesh River Journey] a social network mashup, with hAtom entries & other microformats. See [http://dharmafly.com/blog/bangladeshboat Dharmafly blog discussion].
* [http://www.people.com/people/news/ People Magazine] uses hAtom to markup the latest news stories.
* [http://www.bo.ingv.it/italiano/News.html Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna] implemented hAtom entries with embedded rel-tags for categories in its news-page (custom template for [http://www.modxcms.com MODx CMS]).
* [http://v1.itvp.pl/blog/przebojowanoc/i.tvp/idb/24/ ITVP] uses hAtom for entries. See [http://twitter.com/Wojtek/statuses/299700082 Wojtek's announcement 2007-09-28].
* [http://shiftingpixel.com Shifting Pixel] uses hAtom for blog posts and comments.
* [http://lazylibrary.com LazyLibrary] uses hAtom on book results pages.
* [http://findsubstance.com Find Substance Blog] uses hAtom for blog posts.
* [http://www.blogger.com Blogger]
** [http://groups.google.com/group/bloggerDev/browse_thread/thread/69344c5cc35b472e Announcement] on Blogger Dev that all new blogs will have hAtom classes
* AOL
**[http://news.aol.com AOL News], AOL News has implemented hAtom into their center column. This display will be used on other AOL channels as well
**[http://sports.aol.com AOL Sports], AOL Sports is the second AOL channel to use the hAtom display for its center column data
* [http://www.creation.uk.com Creation design & marketing] uses hAtom for a lot of the content as well as [http://www.creation.uk.com/news/2007/06/06/easy-money/ comments on articles].
* [http://www.sndbx.org/ The Sandbox Designs Competition] uses hAtom for all content, hCard for participant (the competition designers) and sponsor information, hCalendar for the competition schedule, XFN for links, and rel-license for licensing information. It's all GNU GPL.
* [http://guyleech.net guyleech.net] uses hAtom for blog posts, and uses hCard for contact information. There is also an [http://guyleech.net/technical/html/minimal-microformats article] on how to minimise hAtom, to save time and code.
* [http://kpumuk.info/ Dmytro Shteflyuk] uses hAtom for all blog posts.
* [http://blog.no-panic.at Florian Beer] uses hAtom to mark up all the blog posts. There is also a [http://blog.no-panic.at/2006/11/16/hatom-and-wordpress/ tutorial] on how to convert [[wordpress|WordPress]] themes to include hAtom.
* [http://ficlets.com/ Ficlets] uses hAtom on the [http://ficlets.com/stories main stories page] and on [http://ficlets.com/stories/12 individual story pages].
* [http://www.international.unt.edu UNT International] uses hAtom combined with hCard on news/announcement pages (e.g., [http://www.international.unt.edu/quick/news the main news page]) in addition to providing traditional Atom feeds
* [http://www.absalom.net.au Absalom Media] uses hAtom combined with hCard for articles.
* [http://www.joomlamug.com Joomla! Melbourne User Group] uses hAtom combined with hCard for articles.
* [http://www.volume.co.uk Volume] - Main news page is marked up as hAtom 0.1
* [http://yedda.com Yedda] - Yedda support hAtom on exploration of questions where there is also support for Atom and RSS feeds. ([http://yedda.com/questions/recent/ example])
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club's] frequently-updated [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/new.htm What's New] page, [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ladywalk/latest.htm news from its Ladywalk Reserve] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/worcs/grimley/latest.htm news from Grimley Pits] — comments welcome on my talk page [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* [http://pixelsebi.com pixelsebi's repository] uses hAtom 0.1 for blog posts (and hCard, hCalendar, XFN, xFolk and many more) based on manual [[wordpress|WordPress]] template modifications
* [http://www.qmpeople.com/ qmpeople] uses hAtom combined with hCard for [http://www.qmpeople.com/blog/ blog].
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk Geek in the Park] uses hAtom for the comments. -- by [[User:Trovster|trovster]]
* [http://www.csarven.ca Sarven Capadisli] uses hAtom for the articles and comments -- by [[User:Csarven|csarven]]
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] uses hAtom 0.1 to mark up the feed of latest posts by student bloggers on its home page.
* [http://blog.davidjanes.com Ranting and Roaring] (David Janes)
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site — by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://sedna.spip.org/sedna/ Sedna RSS] (a feed aggregator based on SPIP, by Fil, IZO and others; GPLd sources are available at [http://zone.spip.org/trac/spip-zone/browser/_squelettes_/sedna SPIP-Zone])
* [http://quotedprintable.com/pages/scribbish Scribbish] is a Typo theme which uses hAtom.
* [http://rbach.priv.at/hAtom2Atom/Changelog/ hAtom2Atom.xsl's Changelog] is published as hAtom and Atom.
* [http://federali.st/ federali.st]'s webbed Federalist Papers are each marked up in hAtom.
* [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/sandbox/ Sandbox] is a theme for [[wordpress|WordPress]] that uses hAtom. By [[implementors#Scott_Allan_Wallick|Scott Allan Wallick]].
** The theme is also available to accounts on the [http://wordpress.com/ <username>.wordpress.com] hosting service. The [http://blog.coworking.info Coworking] and [http://barcamp.wordpress.com BarCamp] blogs are examples of custom Sandbox themes.
** Over 40 designs available for the Sandbox at the [http://www.sndbx.org/ Sandbox Designs Competition], which also uses hAtom
* [http://www.whump.com/dropbox/Strangelove.zip Strangelove] is a modification of the default WordPress theme (Kubrick) with hAtom support.
** It points to the hAtom2Atom proxy service as the link for syndication feeds.
* All [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/ plaintxt.org themes] for [[wordpress|WordPress]] now use hAtom. The themes are also coded for hCard compliance. The themes, by name, are:
** [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/barthelme/ Barthelme] (two-column, fluid), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/blogtxt/ blog.txt] (two- or three-column, elastic), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/plaintxtblog/ plaintxtBlog] (three-column, fluid), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/simplr/ Simplr] (one column, elastic), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/veryplaintxt/ veryplaintxt] (two column, fluid)
** By [[implementors#Scott_Allan_Wallick|Scott Allan Wallick]].
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/courses PATS Courses], the PATS Research Group uses hAtom to mark up the latest course documents for some of their courses
* [http://mix.excite.co.uk Excite MIX], the Ajax Start Page from Excite Europe, uses hAtom 0.1 and hCard in the Feed Viewer to mark up feed entries and authors.
* [http://last.fm Last.FM], a social music sharing platform, uses hAtom markup for [http://blog.last.fm/2007/05/30/rss-your-shoutbox-and-you shoutbox], and recommends using [http://tools.microformatic.com microformatic]'s transcode tool
* [http://vlograzor.com/ Vlog Razor] - Contains multiple hAtom feeds on the same page.



==Examples with some problems==

Entries may be moved here if there's a problem with the way hAtom is used on the page concerned. If the page is yours, and you want to improve it, see the [[hatom-faq|hAtom FAQ]], or raise any queries on [[hatom-issues|hAtom Issues]] or [[mailing-lists#microformats-discuss|the mailing list]], where people will be happy to help you.

=== Pre 0.1 hAtom examples===
These pages conform to an older draft standard and need to be updated.

* [http://www.myelin.co.nz/post/ Second p0st] (Phil Pearson)

==See Also==
{{hatom-related-pages}}

include-pattern-feedback

2008-07-05T21:27:08Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Removal of <object> as an instance of the include-pattern */

<h1> Include Pattern Feedback </h1>
{{TOC-right}}
Feedback about [[include-pattern]].

== Removal of <object> as an instance of the include-pattern ==
<div class="vevent">
{{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2008-06-23</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:Csarven|Sarven Capadisli]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#h-13.3 states:
"Most user agents have built-in mechanisms for rendering common data types such as text, GIF images, colors, fonts, and a handful of graphic elements. To render data types they don't support natively, user agents generally run external applications. The OBJECT element allows authors to control whether data should be rendered externally or by some program, specified by the author, that renders the data within the user agent."

The key being "to render data types" the user-agents "don't support natively" can be handled with <object> by running an external
application. In the case of the include-pattern, we are merely trying to "include" or "refer" to some text/html. The latter is done sufficiently with <a>.

+1 for removal --[[User:Csarven|Sarven Capadisli]] 16:34, 23 Jun 2008 (PDT)

</div>
</div>
* +1 for removal. On a tightly secured browser <nowiki><object></nowiki> elements are removed or filtered out or just not loaded at all (don't want arbitrary external applications launching from an <nowiki><object></nowiki> element on a malicious web page). [[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 14:27, 5 Jul 2008 (PDT)

== Objects and Browser Behavior ==
{{OpenIssue}} <strong>This is still open: To close it we need to version numbers of the affected browsers to add to the main documentation. The issue itself is how handled by using the hyperlink pattern.</strong>

Over at Yahoo! Local, we were using the object include pattern for all our [[hreview|hReviews]] on business detail pages and review listings. That is, until we realized that Safari and Internet Explorer both try to embed the entire page with every OBJECT call. (Firefox correctly recognizes that it's a local object and doesn't reload anything.)

On a page with 20+ reviews, this means a substantial increase in load time and memory consumption. As a result of this (bad) browser behavior, we removed the objects entirely.

-- AndyBaio 29 Jun 2006

:Based on this conversation http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20080617#l-444 <object data="#foo" class="include" type="text/html"></object> will embed (making a separate request) all of the content from the current document, meanwhile pointing to the identifier. This is actually the proper way <object> is supposed to be handled by the user-agents. (Safari 3/Win, it turns out, is treating the <object> element properly.) --[[User:Csarven|Sarven Capadisli]] 16:34, 23 Jun 2008 (PDT)

== Safari 2.x OBJECT element handling==

{{OpenIssue}} <strong>This issue needs clarification of the ‘major issues’ referred to, Safari version numbers involved, whether they are still present in later builds of Safari 2, or in builds of Safari 3</strong>.

My hResume page [http://robert.o-rourke.org seen here] caused Safari <ins>2.0</ins> some major issues. The page was jumping between object elements when a link was hovered eventually causing the browser to crash. You can follow the thread on the [http://www.mail-archive.com/listdad%40webstandardsgroup.org/msg06078.html WSG mail archive].

It seems that while the object element may be more semantically appropriate it <del>is not</del> <ins>may not be</ins> usable in lieu of the issues raised in Safari.

--[[User:SanchoTheFat|Robert O'Rourke]] 12:08, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

Which version of Safari? Please be specific as many Safari OBJECT bugs were fixed in Safari 2.x.

-- [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 13:39, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

The issues with OBJECT in Internet Explorer & Safari and the lack of a good workaround example are a show stopper for me using this. I am now commenting it out. Hope someone can think of a workaround!

--[[User:WizardIsHungry|Jon Williams]] 10:21, 7 Feb 2007 (PST)

== Hyperlink Include - issues for keyboard users (including Screen Reader users) ==

{{ClosedIssue}} <strong>Issue is now resolved, main documentation requires inner text for hyperlinks, disallows hiding of links with negative margins.</strong>

Although invisible in visual user agents, and (according to the JAWS 7.0 test below) not spoken by screen readers (at least not by JAWS 7.0), empty links are still contained in the normal tab cycle. Users navigating via keyboard (or equivalent, e.g. switch access, puff/blow devices, etc) will still need to tab through the empty links (tested in Firefox 2.0, IE 6, IE 7; Opera 9.2 seems to remove empty links from tab cycle).

This can be verified by modifying the test page below, adding a regular link at the end of the 5 variations of empty links. It takes a user 6 tabs to arrive at the "real" link. It would therefore be advisable to rethink the approach, or scrap it completely.

-- [[User:PatrickLauke|Patrick H. Lauke]] 28 Apr 2007

== Hyperlink Include - Screen Reader Testing ==

{{ClosedIssue}} <strong>The documentation has been updated to reflect this research</strong>

Some [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-July/004693.html concerns have been raised] over the implications using empty hyperlinks may have on assistive devices such as screen readers. One concern is that an empty link may be read out, partially read out or result in some other confusing scenario for the user.

In response, a [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] consisting of a number of empty hyperlinks in the style suggested by the pattern has been created. A 'good' result is that none of the links be read out.

=== Test Results from Yahoo! Accessibility Stakeholders Group ===
Tests by Mike Davies and members of the Yahoo! Accessibility Stakeholders group can be found at [http://yuiblog.com/blog/2008/01/23/empty-links/ Empty Links and Screen Readers].

<blockquote>The conclusion is that the most accessible link is one that contains link text. Different techniques of hiding links, from no link text, through to hiding by CSS can cause an accessibility barrier to screen reader users. Each screen reader presented its user with a different set of problems and barriers.
</blockquote>

The article contains tables describing the behaviors of different screen readers in a number of scenarios.

(added by: [[User:VinceVeselosky|VinceVeselosky]] 05:46, 24 Jan 2008 (PST) )

=== Test Results: JAWS 7.0 with Firefox 1.5/Win ===

Tested by [[User:Phae|Frances Berriman]] 2006-07-21.

Purpose of this test was to ascertain what JAWS 7.0 would verbally announce to a user visiting the test case.

* 31 dash include dash Mozilla Firefox
* Page has no links
* 31 dash include

Was keyboard access fully tested (see above)? This test is not conclusive, as JAWS 7.0's behavior may well differ from other access technology. Further testing with a wider range of readers is strongly recommended. -- [[User:PatrickLauke|Patrick H. Lauke]] 28 Apr 2007

The example above has been incorrectly stated, to be honest. Conclusion was just a conclusion for that verbal test, not overall. Therefore, removed "Conclusion" line so it's not misleading! I concur with additional tests are vital (by as many people/softwares/scenarios as possible!). [[User:Phae|Phae]] 04:10, 2 May 2007 (PDT)

== Proprietary attribute ==

{{ClosedIssue}} <s>
HTML tidy on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] gives:
:Warning: <a> proprietary attribute "data"

The [http://validator.w3.org/check?verbose=1&uri=http%3A%2F%2Fallinthehead.com%2Fdemo%2Finclude.html W3C validator is similarly unimpressed].

[[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 14:22, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==== Use href ====
To clarify, links on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] should be changed to use the <code>href</code> attribute as described at [[include-pattern]] (without <code>href</code> attributes, the elements probably won't register as hyperlinks, but anchors). Set <code>title=""</code> to fix empty link behavior for many assistive devices. --[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 23:31, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)
</s>

==== Test page corrected ====
2006-10-25: This error has been corrected on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page]. Any tests should probably be re-run in light of this.

== Unclear status ==

{{ClosedIssue}} <strong>Resolved by explicitly stating that the include-pattern is a design pattern in the introduction, and the documentation itself now makes reference to which specifications the pattern applies to (and that specifications must explicitly cite the include-pattern, that it doesn't apply to everything.</strong>

It's not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]], whether this is an agreed standard, a draft, or just a proposal. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 03:14, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

* [[include-pattern]] is not its own proposal, draft, or spec. It is a design pattern, as listed on the [[Main_Page|wiki home page]] that is included in other proposals, drafts. and specs. ''Recommend for adding to the [[include-pattern-faq]].
**And that is not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]]. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 16:40, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)
***ACCEPTED. Will further clarify relationship between patterns and formats. [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 16:48, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==Parsing for include-pattern==

{{ClosedIssue}} <strong>Note: this issue is obsolete. On a [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-03#T165528 IRC conversation 2007-01-03], Mike Kaply admitted that he figured this out, which is to apply all includes first into the parse tree before looking for any properties.</strong> -Tantek

''To be more specific, what finally occurred to me is that the object pattern is simply about grabbing nodes from another vcard and using them in this vcard. So the implementor responsibility is just to clone the dom node from the other vcard and replace the object with the corresponding nodes. Works great. (of course I also had to clone the entire vcard since I can't manipulate the DOM like that without changing the page) -mkaply''

In an [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-02#T205847 IRC discussion] with [http://www.kaply.com/weblog/ Mike Kaply] (author of the [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/4106/ Operator] extension for Firefox) we discussed the difficulty of parsing for an [[include-pattern]] in [[hresume|hResume]]. Mike asks:
<blockquote>I'm really wondering why the <code>object</code> stuff doesn't point back to the entire vCard. I don't understand why the spec has it point to individual items.</blockquote>
The problem was thought to be a weakness in the specification, which doesn't specify what part of the data is in the content that is pointed to by the <code>object</code>.

Currently, to overcome this a parser needs to follow this logic:
::IF I don't find an <code>fn</code>, look for an <code>object</code>. IF there is an <code>object</code>, do a <code>getelementbyid</code> on that <code>ID</code>, but yet there was nothing about that <code>object</code> that said that the content I was looking for in the other card was an <code>fn</code>

Two things may help in overcoming this difficulty:

# Change the spec to have the include-pattern reference the entire vCard, with the intent that any data not found in this vCard use the other vCard
# Include the element of the reference, where the class attribute on <code><object></code> has "include" plus the element that needs to be included. For example:
<pre><nowiki><object
class="include fn" data="#vcard-name">myname</object> </nowiki></pre>

Additionally, I pointed out that using the <code><object></code> element to contain the reference makes Microsoft's Internet Explorer throw an error "Your current security settings prohibit ActiveX controls on this page. As a result, the page may not display correctly." Of course, there is no ActiveX content on an include-pattern.

[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 21:15, 2 Jan 2007 (PST)#

== Concatenating values==

{{ClosedIssue}} <strong>This issue proposes a fragment URL structure that is incompatible with hyperlinks, and so cannot be integrated with the current include pattern mechanisms.</strong>

I feel that there should be a way to "include" data from two places, in one microformat property. For instance:

<pre><nowiki><span id="summaryA" class="summary">Kidderminster Branch Indoor Meeting</span></nowiki></pre>
<pre><nowiki><span id="summaryB>Janaury</span></nowiki></pre>

and later

<pre><nowiki><object data="#summaryB+#summaryA" class="include"></object></nowiki></pre>

would give a summary of:

:'''January Kidderminster Branch Indoor Meeting'''

It may even be possible to include extra data:

<pre><nowiki><span id="summaryC>Fred Smith</span></nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki><object data="#summaryA+ with +#summaryC" class="include"></object></nowiki></pre>

to give:

:'''Kidderminster Branch Indoor Meeting with Fred Smith'''

[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 14:33, 8 Jan 2007 (PST)

Why not use

<pre><nowiki><span class="value"><object data="#summaryA" class="include"></object> with <object data="#summaryB" class="include"></object></span></nowiki></pre>

to build

:'''Kidderminster Branch Indoor Meeting with Fred Smith'''

[[User:DerrickPallas|Derrick Pallas]] 11:15, 31 Jan 2007 (PST)

:Neat solution! Can anyone say whether current parsers accept this? [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 12:18, 31 Jan 2007 (PST)

:Fully disclosure: My XSLT transformer supports this implicitly because it does include-pattern first, then pulls values. My only question would be what to do with nested @class="value" elements that could result from this. [[User:DerrickPallas|Derrick Pallas]] 12:35, 31 Jan 2007 (PST)

== Script for client-side processing of include-pattern==

{{ClosedIssue}} Can you use the hyperlink option with DHMTL/Ajax to perform replacements in advanced browsers? (Simon Willison's <code>[http://simon.incutio.com/archive/2003/03/25/getElementsBySelector getElementsBySelector()]</code> may be helpful)
<a href="#id" class="include" title=""></a>
with something like:
//Works only for linked include-pattern definition at microformats.org
//Requires Simon Willison's getElementsBySelector()
// and normal IE workaround for addEventListener()
addEventListener( window, 'load', function() {
var myIncludes = document.getElementsBySelector( 'a[href].include' ), a, e;
for( var i=0; a=myIncludes[i]; i++ ) if (a.href.charAt(0)=='#') {
e = document.getElementsBySelector( a.href )[0].cloneNode( true );
a.parentNode.replaceChild( e, a );
}
})
--[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 00:51, 23 Oct 2006 (PDT)

It seems there is some confusion around this topic. I believe that the included data '''are not supposed to be actually included in the point of inclusion'''. I believe it is only meant to be a hint for the microformats parser; but the inclusion pattern should not affect how the page is rendered. If that is true, let's clear out this page:
* Remove the DHTML suggestion by Rich Hall.
* Change the IRC quote between Tantek and Kaply. Replace the quote ''"clone the dom node from the other vcard and replace the object with the corresponding nodes"'' with ''"look for objects in the vcard and check their corresponding nodes in the dom" [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-03#T165941|IRC of 2007-01-03]'' or remove the IRC quote completely.

-- [[User:JiriKopsa]] 18 Mar 2007

:For clarification, it is true that the spec *does* call for a microformat include to be ignored (content-neutral) when its data isn't being accessed. My Ajax suggestion is valid for those of us extracting microformat data client-side, but feel free to use it from an XHR callback instead of a window load event. Also, it would seem that without adjusting the DOM by cloning the repeated nodes, implementers would have to roll their own smart traversal functions rather than using built-in or well-defined CSS, XPath, E4X, etc. My feedback is that it's usually easier/faster to complete the tree than leave it sparse and memory-efficient, but it would be nice if the spec could leave enough wiggle room for both alternatives.
:-- [[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 12:47, 17 Dec 2007 (PST)

==Template==

{{issues-format}}

==Related Pages==
{{include-pattern-related-pages}}

hcalendar-issues

2008-06-25T22:26:56Z

Bob Jonkman: fix broken markup

<h1>hCalendar issues</h1>

These are externally raised issues about [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] with broadly varying degrees of merit. Thus some issues are REJECTED for a number of obvious reasons (but still documented here in case they are re-raised), and others contain longer discussions. Some issues may be ACCEPTED and perhaps cause changes or improved explanations in the spec.

'''IMPORTANT''': Please read the [[hcalendar-faq|hCalendar FAQ]] ''before'' giving any feedback or raising any issues as your feedback/issues may already be resolved/answered.

Submitted issues may (and probably will) be edited and rewritten for better terseness, clarity, calmness, rationality, and as neutral a point of view as possible. Write your issues well. — [http://tantek.com/ Tantek]

See related [[hcard-issues]].

__TOC__

== Closed Issues ==
Resolved issues that have no further actions to take. These will likely be moved to a separate page like [[hcalendar-issues-closed]].

* 2006-01-04 raised by [[User:CGranade|CGranade]]
*# ''Interactions with strong namespacing. So far, it seems that hCalendar cannot be embedded into non-XHTML schemas that are also strongly namespaced (e.g.: RDF, Atom) without a resultant validation error, as the <code>class</code> attribute is ''not'' portable across schemas.''
*#* REJECTED. The class attribute is used on XHTML elements, which are XML, which can be embedded in any other XML. The issue as raised doesn't make sense.

* 2005-02-18 raised by Matt Raymond [http://listserver.dreamhost.com/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2005-February/003116.html on the whatwg list]:
*# ''There is no way for some reading the markup to tell if a class name is the name of an attribute or simply the name of a class used for styling.''
*#* REJECTED (strawman, poor assumption). There is no need to differentiate in the general case. In the specific case, a vocabulary is defined within a context.
*# ''As a result of the above, user agents would not be able to reliably allow users to access extension properties such as "x-mozilla-alarm-default-length" (which is an actual extension used in Sunbird).''
*#* REJECTED (out of scope). Extension properties are outside the current scope of hCalendar.
*# ''The use of <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> for dates is incorrect. "August 5th, 2004" is not the abbreviation of 2004-09-05. In fact, the opposite is closer to the truth.''
*#* REJECTED (false statement). This is simply a false statement. See this article for an explanation of this use of <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> [http://tantek.com/log/2005/01.html#d26t0100 Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved]
*# ''You have to create a complex set of rules for all possible uses of legacy markup within <span class="vcalendar"> which can easily be implemented incorrectly.''
*#* REJECTED (false statements, strawman). There is no legacy markup. There is no need to create rules for all possible uses of legacy markup. There is no need to create a complex set of rules.
*# ''There are styling and tooltip issues that are unresolved.''
*#* REJECTED (empty statements). See the [[hcalendar-faq|hCalendar FAQ]] for answers to specific styling and tooltip questions. Otherwise, please raise specific issues here with clear valid examples.
*# ''hCalendar/hCard is more complicated for webmasters to read and understand and more complicated for developers to implement.''
*#* REJECTED (empty statements, invalid comparator). Please state specific examples which show the perceived complexity. The comparison "more complicated" requires two items, no second item was provided.

== Resolved Issues ==
Issues that are resolved but may have outstanding [[to-do]] items.
* 2006-02-17 raised by [[User:Mark Mansour|Mark Mansour]] - notes are summarized [[hcalendar-irc-meetup-20060225|here]]
*# Should vcalendar be a class? Section 4.4 of RFC2445 says: "The Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object is a collection of calendaring and scheduling information. Typically, this information will consist of a single iCalendar object. However, multiple iCalendar objects can be sequentially grouped together." Also the vcalendar class would allow properties on the calendar itself such as METHOD and CALSCALE (I don't think VERSION and PRODID are particularly relevant).
*#* ACCEPTED SPECUPDATE/FAQ. Is this a case of fixing something that isn't broken? Note that "iCalendar object" != "vcalendar". This is a bit confusing so read RFC 2445 carefully in that regard. In addition, the [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] spec should say *precisely* how to generate VCALENDAR properties in their absence.
*# How are axis and headers going to be handled?
*#* ACCEPTED. This is documented in [[hcalendar-brainstorming]] but MUST be moved to [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] proper as the editors and implementers have all agreed on it (months ago). Add this as a [[to-do]] for Tantek.
*# There has been talk that table axis and headers should be used to capture calendar information in a more compact format, but no example are available. Does anyone have examples or should we try to invent some?
*#* REJECTED. Please RTFM. Searching the [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] spec for *either* "axis" or "headers" would have found the following example in the wild: [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
*# Should embeded components be allowed? [[RyanKing]] has already noted that vJournal overlaps blog-posts (although not yet accepted), but should the components to-do, free/busy, timezone, alarms be allowed? They all considered as just as relevant by the ical spec as events are (my interpretation).
*#* ACCEPTED SPECUPDATE/FAQ. Another [[to-do]] for Tantek. Explicitly specify which additional iCalendar objects (in addition to VEVENT) are permitted in hCalendar. Current additional candidates: VTODO (many examples of this info on the web), VFREEBUSY (already at least one site publishing this info), VALARM (maybe, seems harmless enough, but without a compelling real world use case we should probably omit it). Currently dropping: VTIMEZONE (terrible construct), VJOURNAL (obsoleted by [[hatom|hAtom]]).
*# Validation of the hCalendar tests. The hCalendar tests have been available for a while now, but only Brian Suda and I have made contributions to their content. Does anyone else have thoughts and should we try to make these the beginning of 'official' hCalendar tests?
*#* ACCEPT PARTIAL. We probably need an hCalendar ''validator'' before we can declare any set of tests to be official.
*# The use of fragments is unclear. Fragment interpretation seems to be agent dependant. Fragments usually denote a heading or marker, like a goto statement for HTML. Unfortunately it may jump in the middle of elements (rather to the beginning of an element). How should this be handled. i.e.
<pre>
<a name="myfrag">heading</a>
<div class="vevent">
<div class="description">A nice event</div>
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>
</div>
</pre>
*#* ACCEPTED. We should clarify to converters how to interpret a fragement id. The interpretations are all consistent. It points to the element that is to be converted. If that element is empty then so is the conversion. There is no issue here other than a need for more documentation.
* 2006-02-01 raised by [[RyanKing]]
*# ''Issue 1: Given that now, or soon will have hAtom, should we disallow vJournal, so that we don't have 2 blog-post formats?''
*#* ACCEPTED. Yes, we should expliclty DROP "vjournal" from [[hcalendar|hCalendar]].
* 2006-01-04 raised by [[User:CGranade|CGranade]]
*# ''...''
*# ''All examples in XHTML. XHTML should not be the only host to microformats, and thus it should not be the only example host language. Rather, examples in Atom, RSS, RDF, etc. should also be provided.''
*#* ACCEPTED. This is definitely something to be added to *-examples pages for each microformat.
* 2005-10-14 raised by [[User:MarkoMrdjenovic|MarkoMrdjenovic]]
*# ''UID has to be present in iCal events if they want to be used in Microsoft Outlook. [Suggestion:] it should probably be added to the vevent tag as html attribute id. There is also the problem of converters - x2v has UID commented out. [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC] recommends use of addr format for uids which is problematic in html id (does not validate). [[User:HenriBergius|HenriBergius]] pointed out some calendaring software crashes when @ is in the UID, so some other form of identification should be used - along the lines of dtstart-dtend-hash(title,summary)-sample-org''.
*#* ACCEPTED-PARTIAL. Yes, it appears RFC2445 requires UID. However, typical mentions of events by web authors do not provide anything equivalent to a UID, nor should we require authors to do so. Thus we must come up with an algorithm for implied UID, similar to some of the other properties. We REJECT the use of the html 'id' attributre as a substitute for UID as they are of different scopes and thus such a translation will likely be problematic. As part of this algorithm, we MUST disallow "@" signs since the issue points out that such UIDs crash some calendaring software.
*# ''DTSTAMP also has to be present in iCal event for Microsoft Outlook. I think DTSTAMP should be user visible information so implementation with class="dtstamp" is fine. x2v already supports it so it should just be added to the standard and examples. The converters might also think of a way to force (create) dtstamp if it's not present.'' [Suggestion:] why not set DTSTAMP to DTSTART if not explicitly defined? -- [[DimitriGlazkov]]
*#* ACCEPTED. We should come up with a way to encourage/synthesize/imply DTSTAMP property values.
*# ''Here is an example from Midgard CMS (which will be easy to change according to bergie on irc):''
*#* For more discussion of this, please see [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#UID_handling hCalendar brainstorming: UID handling]
<pre><nowiki>
<li class="vevent" id="2678c3f94af4a49f9ccbb69b92a82aba-midgardGuid">
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-20T14:34:45Z">Torstai 20. Lokakuu 17:34</abbr> -
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-20T15:33:56Z">18:33</abbr>
<a class="url" href="/bergie/another-calendar/82457028ba83407451edd8aaeaa40622.html">
<span class="summary">From the other cal</span>
</a>
<abbr class="dtstamp" title="2005-10-14T12:16:45Z">Torstai 14. Lokakuu 12:16</abbr>
</li></nowiki></pre>
* 2005-09-29 raised by RyanKing
*# ''How does one use ATTENDEE?''
*#* ACCEPTED. Another [[to-do]] for Tantek - document how to use ATTENDEE with [[hcard|hCard]].

* 2005-06-21 raised by Hixie
*# ''Issue H-1: This specification is lacking a user agent conformance section. There's basically nothing that says how hCalendars must be parsed, how to handle errors, and so forth. Is it defined in terms of the DOM? Is it defined in terms of a serialisation? How do you handle unexpected content or missing content?
*#* ACCEPTED. Another [[to-do]] for Tantek, write-up [[hcalendar-parsing]] that documents precisely how user agents are to parse [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup.
* 2005-02-22 raised by Matt Raymond [http://listserver.dreamhost.com/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2005-February/003124.html on the whatwg list]:
*# ''There is no copyright statement and no patent statement.''
*#* ACCEPTED. I have updated [[hcalendar]] (and [[hcard]], and all other MicroFormats) with a standard copyright statement and patent statement.

* 2005-02-18 raised by Matt Raymond [http://listserver.dreamhost.com/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2005-February/003116.html on the whatwg list]:
*# ''...''
*# ''...''
*# ''...''
*# ''...''
*# ''...''
*# ''...''
*# ''I dislike the entire system of using class names as markup. Class names should be reserved for user-defined semantics.''
*#* ACCEPT-PARTIAL. When specific elements are available, they should be used instead of class names, but even then class names work well to "subclass" specific elements. This is thoroughly discussed in the essay [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216 A Touch of Class]. And yes, class names can and should be used for user-defined semantics. [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] is one such user, and it is reasonable for users to use each others class names.
*#* ''Would it be more in the spirit of HTML to define these classes in a [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.4.4.3 metadata profile], so that "User agents may... perform some activity based on known conventions for that profile"? Should this be a part of [[microformats]] specifications in general? (If not, why not?)''
*#** ACCEPTED. Yes, all [[microformats]] that introduce new classnames SHOULD include an [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP] profile (which itself is a microformat for defining HTML metadata profiles) that defines those classnames.
*#*** ''Ok, but in order to refer to a profile, it needs a URI. Tantek writes in [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-July/000407.html a message of Jul 21] "This is precisely the reason that GMPG was founded and created, to provide permanent URLs/homes for microformat profiles." How does one cause GMPG to issue a profile URL?''
*#**** ACCEPTED. See [[profile-uris]]; this is moving from Tantek's [[to-do]] list, to both provide profiles and URLs (probably at gmpg.org) for those profiles for hCalendar etc.

== Issues ==
Please add new issues to the '''bottom''' of the list. Please follow-up to resolved/rejected issues with new information rather than resubmitting such issues. Duplicate issue additions will be reverted.

=== 2005 ===

* 2005-07-11 raised by Kragen
*# ''The specification of class="url" as <a href="..."> should be a "should", not a "must". Other ways of referencing the event URL, such as <iframe src="..."> and <embed src="...">, shoul be mentioned. At present X2V doesn't appear to handle them. This came up in a discussion about [[xfolk|xFolk]].''
*#* REJECTED. Lack of use case. We should not add additional "ways of referencing the event URL" unless you can show a concrete real world example on the Web which requires it.

* 2005-07-21 raised by Neil Jensen
*# ''should we create a vfreebusy class for HTML representations of freebusy data? Discussion [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#Free.2FBusy_information on hCalendar brainstorming]. Additional background: [http://www.ifreebusy.com/cyclical/blog/calendar/3.html here].''

* 2005-07-27 raised by Paolo Massa
*# ''I tried to add a hcalendar event in my blog but it rendered orribly. The problem was I already have a 'class="summary' in my normal HTML (it is the title of the posts) and my CSS displays it bigger and bold. In this way the summary of the event was as big as the titles of the posts, destroying readability. The problem is Overloading of class attributes, it might be the case that a blogger already use, for example, class="summary" for different purposes. What can be a solution? Providing in every microformat wiki page a CSS file that users can download and insert in their blog as additional CSS. This CSS file will "shield" attribute "inside" microformats from being interpreted as "normal" attributes. For example for the hCalendar microformats the relative CSS could be something like:

.vevent .summary {

//remove all the previously set properties, for example:

text-decoration: none;

font-size: 100%;

...

}

Since the hCalendar microformat is the following,

<span class="vevent">

<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">

<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:

...

I hope to have been clear but I'm not so sure ;-)''

=== 2006 ===

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2006-03-07</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:Ragdoll|Justin McDowell]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# I'd love to see a Property List, similar to what is seen in the hCard spec, that lists all the available properties and sub-properties in a nice, compact list. This saves a lot of time and is really useful for quickly and easily getting acquainted with the possibilities of vCalendar.
*#* See [[hcalendar-cheatsheet]] . [[User:Leikam|Michael Leikam]] 2007-01-29
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2006-04-10</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:ScottReynen|Scott Reynen]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# When someone looks at the [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] pages, one sees no collection of real-world publishing of event data nor discussion of the properties implied by such examples, I think it's far too easy to infer that microformats come from other formats more than actual behavior. There's nothing on the [[process]] nor the hCalendar pages explaining this discrepancy. I would argue that there should be an explanation, probably in both places.
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2006-04-13</span> raised by <span class="fn">Tantek</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# Need to add a section on "Property Exceptions" like that in [[hcard|hCard]] to document how to publish / handle the '''METHOD''' property and potentially others. I.e. typically publishers may omit the METHOD property, however, converters whose function is to convert [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] to iCalendar for consumption/subscription by a calendar aggregator, should probably insert a default '''METHOD:PUBLISH''' on the '''VCALENDAR''' object in the resultant .ics stream.
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2006-08-14</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:Elias|Elias Sinderson]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# Although ISO 8601 allows both basic (sans delimiters) and extended formats, the extended format (where hyphens and colons are explicitly added) is broadly preferred for the web. While RFC 2445 specifies that the basic form be used in in iCalendar date / time fields, the W3C has published a technical [http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime note] (submitted by Reuters), which recommends that the extended (delimited) format be used, and the [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/types.html#h-6.11 HTML 4.0 spec] uses the extended format. Further, RFC 3339 defines a ISO 8601 profile for dates and time representations on the internet that future specs SHOULD use; recommending a fully delimited representation (see sec. 5.6). Lastly, it should be noted that the [http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#date xsd:date] and [http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime xsd:dateTime] types are specified as being the ISO 8601 extended format. So, given that hCalendar is based on iCalendar, it is understandable that it allows both formats, however this is clearly a case in which it would be very reasonable to require users to upconvert the format into the least ambiguous and most easily parsed/ validated representation. Think of the children.
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2006-09-22</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# How are Julian dates to be displayed? So far as I am aware, ISO8601 has no facility for marking up Julian dates, so should the form <pre><nowiki><abbr class="dtstart" title="[Gregorian date]">[Julian date]</abbr> </nowiki></pre> be used? If so, that should be indicated, via an example.
</div>
</div>

=== 2007 ===

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2007-01-07</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:Webf|Webf]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# ''Looking for a mechanism for specifying a dtstart without using <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code>. Would be used where there are a number of events (as in the [http://www.webfeet.org/events.html Webfeet events lists]) where you do not want to have the visible date repeated''
*#* <code>abbr</code> is the correct - and only - element to use, unless you wish to display the raw ISO-formatted date-time to the user. Use it with the [[include-pattern]], thus:

<code>
<pre>
<nowiki>
<dt id="D20070120">
<abbr class="dtstart" title="20070120">
Saturday, 20 January 2007
</abbr>
</dt>
<dd>
<span class="vevent">
<object class="include" data="#D20070120"></object>
[Details of first event]
</span>

<span class="vevent">
<object class="include" data="#D20070120"></object>
[Details of second event]
</span>
</dd>
</nowiki>
</pre>
</code>

:but please note that you should validate your HTML - it has over 3,000 errors! The high number of hCalendar microformats (>500) is causing parsers such as Firefox's Tails and Operator to respond very slowly. You should use CSS, not non-breaking spaces and multiple line-breaks, to layout your page - this will reduce it's size and enable parsers to work more quickly. You will need to style <code>object .include</code> to <code>display:none</code> [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 04:10, 16 Jan 2007 (PST)

:Thanks Andy!
:* This use of <code>object</code> is a proposal at this stage? It does not seem to be mentioned in the [[hCalendar|hCalendar]] page and only marked 'under consideration' in [[include-pattern#Specifications_Using|Include Pattern]]
:* Re: '>500 entries', I would think that User Agents ''should'' be able to deal with this. The linked page displays a collection of events (not all pages will have so many :-) however I would expect a User Agent to worry mainly about the events visible on the screen (really, a ''small'' part of the whole page).
:** Brainstorming a little, I would hope that the UA could track an event I've inserted ino my calendar and notice any changes, such as the event being postponed/cancelled, pick up this info and update my calendar. Worth thinking what implications this might bring to the markup.
:** I'm thinking though that the primary effort with a UA would be making sure the 99.99% pages which ''do not'' include hCalendar markup are not slowed down!
:* Re: <code>abbr</code> as the ''only'' way, I can see <code>abbr</code> used within the [[hCalendar|hCalendar]] page and, yes, it looks a exceptionally neat way of rolling up some markup but I don't see it defined as a mandatory for marking up an event.
:** Am I missing some rationale? Why is <code>abbr</code> the ''only'' option?
:** Should the spec be written up more formally? should hCalendar be more relaxed? My take is that <code>abbr</code> is OK but it would be wrong for it to be mandatory. Think that screen readers may be reading the expanded content (as with <code><nowiki><abbr title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</abbr></nowiki></code>). The underlying issue is that [[hCalendar|hCalendar]] seems to want <code>abbr</code> to <em>disambiguate</em> a displayed date and this is not really the same as an abbreviation. UA's should be liberal when looking for a <code>class="dtstart"</code>, after all they <em>do</em> know that they are within an event markup as they have met the <code>class="vevent"</code>....
:*Feel free to move the above thoughts to a brainstorming area. I might come back to the other points later - but maybe better in a talk page. :-) [[User:Webf|Webf]] 13:23, 21 Jan 2007 (PST)
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2007-01-20</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
:: <span id="dtend-date-plus1">Where <code>DTEND</code> is a date</span>, and not a date-time, it is required to be the day after the end of the event, thus: <code><nowiki>
<abbr class="dtend" title="2007-04-30">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki></code>. However, "29 April 2007" is '''''not''''' an abbreviation of 2007-04-30; it is an abbreviation of 2007-04-29. The markup as shown is semantically incorrect and likely to cause problems for users and user-agents which read the title attribute, and not the text value, of the <code>abbr</code> element.
::[[User:Webf2|Webf2]] 23:23, 11 May 2007 (PDT)
::*The ISO date 2007-04-30 is directly equivalent to 2007-04-30 00:00:00, which is why it's used as the end time of an event occuring on 2007-04-29. In this fuller context then you can view it as an abbreviation of 'the end of 29 April 2007'. Authors uncomfortable with this could use <nowiki><abbr class="dtend" title="2007-04-29 23:59:59">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki>, or be more specific with their times.
:::[[User:CiaranMc|Ciaran McNulty]] 09:21, 12 May 2007 [GMT]
:::*The ISO standard has 2007-04-29 24:00:00 expressly to mark the end of the day 2007-04-29 rather than the start of the day 2007-04-30. This seems far preferable to 23:59:59. [[User:Matthew|Matthew]] 15:22, 17 Jul 2007 (PDT)

::* This certainly risks confusion. The abbr title includes different information than the content; different when read by a 'normal' user who does not know about the exclusive-end-date.

:::* The trouble is going to be with dates (rather than date-times). User expectation is different if you are talking about "3 o'clock", which really is a point-in-time, and "29th April", something lasting 24 hours. No problem saying an end time is 'exclusive', but an end-date can be either and is typically inclusive.
:::* Using a more precise <code>dtend</code> is just a workround, you might not really want to say to the second when an event ends (as in 2007-04-29 23:59:59). You might easily want to say it runs from the Wednesday to Friday without committing to precise times - or that the event is sometime on that Friday but you don't know when.

::: Possible options could be:
:::* Include a note in the standard that contradictory markup such as
:::: <code><nowiki><abbr class="dtend" title="2007-04-30">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki></code>
:::: is bad practice and should be avoided
:::* Make a break with the ical usage that end dates are exclusive.
:::* Make the meaning clear:
:::: <code><nowiki><abbr class="dtend" title="value=date:value=inclusive:2007-04-29">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki></code>
:::: <code><nowiki><abbr class="dtend" title="value=exclusive:2007-04-30">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki></code>
:::: or maybe
:::: <code><nowiki><abbr class="dtend;value=date:value=inclusive" title="2007-04-29">29 April 2007</abbr></nowiki></code>

::: [[User:Webf2|Webf2]] 00:25, 13 May 2007 (PDT)
*# Here is the first issue I have.
*# Here is the second issue I have.
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2007-05-12</span> raised by <span class="fn">Anon</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# A pertinent point from the [http://microformats.org/wiki?title=hcalendar-issues&oldid=16115 22 Feb 2007 version] of hcalendar issues. Worth keeping and addressing.
</div>
</div>

=== 2008 ===

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2008-01-16</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# Lack of method for marking up vague dates and eras; see [[history-examples#The_Problem|vague-date examples]].
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2008-01-17</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:Guillaume Lebleu|Guillaume]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
*# In some instances, see [http://biz.yahoo.com/c/e.html Yahoo Economic Calendar], the content in dtstart is split into two td (same issue for summary), which requires to either tag the date as dtstart or the time as dstart. The reason is that due to the structure of HTML tables, it is not possible to mark up each part of the dtstart as value and wrap them all in an element of class dstart.
*#* The [[include-pattern]] could solve this, but the solution isn't pretty. [[User:TobyInk|TobyInk]] 03:33, 1 Mar 2008 (PST)
<pre>
<tr>
<td id="mydate006">2007-01-02</td>
<td class="dtstart">
<a href="#mydate006" class="include" style="display:none"></a>
<abbr title="T" style="display:none">time </abbr>13:00:00
</td>
</tr>
</pre>
An alternative would be to use hidden metadata, although that goes against uF principles. [[User:TobyInk|TobyInk]] 03:33, 1 Mar 2008 (PST)
<pre>
<tr>
<td class="dtstart">2007-01-02<abbr style="display:none" title="T13:00:00"></abbr></td>
<td>13:00:00</td>
</tr>
</pre>
</div>
</div>

<div class="vevent" id="html5-time-element">
* {{OpenIssue}} <span class="summary vcard"><span class="dtstart">2008-06-25</span> raised by <span class="fn">[[User:TobyInk|TobyInk]]</span></span>
<div class="description">
HTML 5 introduces a <code><[http://www.w3.org/html/wg/html5/#the-time time]></code> element. Without wishing to push people into using HTML 5 prematurely, we could define a parsing procedure for dealing with these elements when they are encountered in microformats.

Bleeding-edge publishers who are already using HTML 5 could then choose to use this new semantic element with microformats. Publishers with accessbility concerns over the current datetime design pattern would be given some alternative ways of resolving their issue. (i.e. continue using HTML 4, but use the <code><time></code> element invalidly; create a custom DTD based on HTML 4, but including <code><time></code>; or switch fully to HTML 5.)
</div>
</div>

== Template ==

{{issues-format}}

== Related Pages ==
{{hcalendar-related-pages}}

User:Bob Jonkman

2007-12-30T06:57:54Z

Bob Jonkman: Public Domain declaration

Me, as an hCard:

<div class="vcard">
<span class="n fn"><span class="given-name">Bob</span> <span class="family-name">Jonkman</span></span><br>
<span class="org">SOBAC Microcomputer Services</span><br>
<span class="adr"><span class="street-address">6 James St.</span><br>
<span class="locality">Elmira</span>, <span class="region">ON</span><br>
<span class="country-name">Canada</span>   <span class="postal-code">N3B 1L5</span></span><br>
<br>
Web: <span class="url">http://sobac.com/bjonkman/</span><br>
e-mail: <span class="email">mailto:bjonkman@sobac.com</span><br>
</div>

{{cc-public-domain-release}}

exploratory-discussions

2007-08-27T16:17:44Z

Bob Jonkman: Moved genealogy from Moribund to Current

=Exploratory Discussions=

Per the microformats [[process]]: research and analysis of real-world [[examples]], existing formats, and brainstorming to motivate the microformat. Please check [[rejected-formats]] before making additions.


==Active==

The following exploratory discussions are being actively pursued (generally, edited in the last month, or with an active community member (named in parentheses) having expressed an interest in pursuing them)

* [[audio-info]] ([[audio-info-examples|examples]], [[audio-info-formats|formats]], [[audio-info-brainstorming|brainstorming]], [[audio-info-proposal|proposal]], [[audio-info-issues|issues]]) - Marking up information and metadata related to audio (speech, music, and sound in general). ([[User:ManuSporny | Manu Sporny]])
** music [[music-examples|music examples]]
* audio-album (see [[audio-info]] pages for examples, formats, brainstorming. [[audio-album-proposal]], [[audio-album-issues]]) - Marking up information and metadata related to audio albums/collections. ([[User:ManuSporny | Manu Sporny]])
* geo extensions ([[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]])
** [[geo-elevation-examples]], [[geo-elevation-formats]] - extend geo for representing altitude
** [[geo-waypoint-examples]], [[geo-waypoint-formats]] - extend geo for representing routes and boundaries, using waypoints
** [[geo-extension-examples]], [[geo-extension-formats]], [[geo-extension-brainstorming]], [[geo-extension-strawman]] - extend geo for moons, other planets, etc.
* receipt ([[receipt-examples|examples]], [[receipt-formats|formats]], [[receipt-brainstorming|brainstorming]], [[receipt-proposal|proposal]]) - Marking up information and metadata related to purchase receipts. (Leif Arne Storset)
* [[species]] - for the marking up of the scientific names of living things: [[species-examples]], [[species-formats]], [[species-brainstorming]] ([[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]])

==Current==

The following exploratory discussions are less actively pursued, but may still be developed.

* citation [[citation|citation effort]], [[citation-examples|citation examples]], [[citation-formats|citation formats]], [[citation-brainstorming|citation brainstorming]], and [[citation-faq|citation FAQ]] ([[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]])
* [[currency]]; [[currency-examples]]; [[currency-formats]]; [[currency-brainstorming]]; [[currency-proposal]]; [[currency-issues]] ([[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]])
* genealogy [[genealogy-examples]], [[genealogy-formats|genealogy formats]] ([[User:Bob_Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]])
* listing / hListing [[hlisting-proposal|hListing proposal]], and [[hlisting-feedback|hListing feedback]]
** based on listing [[listing-examples|examples]], [[listing-formats|formats]], and [[listing-brainstorming|brainstorming]]
* measures and measurement units [[measure]], [[measure-examples]], [[measure-formats]] [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* recipe [[recipe-examples|recipe examples]], [[recipe-formats]], [[recipe-brainstorming]]

==Moribund==

The following exploratory discussions are believed moribund, or superseded; or are simply not being maintained due to the absence of the interested party or shortage of volunteer effort. Work may well resume in the future. Please feel free to move them to one of the above sections if you are interested in developing them, and append your name in parentheses, or move them to "Abandoned" or "Archived", if that is more appropriate. '''At the time of writing, 26 August 2007, it is expected that many of these will be moved, shortly, to one of the above sections.'''

* alternates [[alternates-brainstorming|alternates brainstorming]], [[alternates-examples|alternates examples]]
*[[attention]]
* blog description [[blog-description-examples|blog description examples]]
* blog info [[blog-info-examples|blog info examples]]
* book [[book-examples|book examples]], [[book-formats|book formats]], and [[book-brainstorming|book brainstorming]]
* chat [[chat-examples|chat examples]], [[chat-formats|chat formats]], and [[chat-brainstorming|chat brainstorming]]
* code [[code-examples|code examples]], [[code-formats]], [[code-brainstorming|code brainstorming]]
* comment [[comment-problem|comment problem]], [[comment-examples|comment examples]], and [[comments-formats|comment formats]] (Some stuff needs to be extracted from [[comments-formats]])
* [[collection-description|collection description]] - for describing collections in libraries
* [[course-catalog]]; [[course-catalog-examples]]
* [[depend-examples]]: examples of dependency graphs, especially as they relate to software
* [[digital-signatures]]: incorporation of digital signatures in Microformatted data; ([[digitalsignature-examples|digital-signature examples]], [[digitalsignature-formats]], [[digitalsignature-brainstorming|digital-signatures brainstorming]])
* directions [[directions-examples|directions examples]]
* directory inclusion [[directory-inclusion-examples|directory inclusion examples]], [[directory-inclusion-formats|directory inclusion formats]]. (yielded the [[rel-directory]] microformat)
* distributed conversation [[distributed-conversation|distributed conversation overview]], [[distributed-conversation-examples|distributed conversation examples]], [[distributed-conversation-formats|distributed conversation formats]], [[distributed-conversation-brainstorming|distributed conversation brainstorming]]
* [[downloads]] [[downloads-examples|downloads examples]], [[downloads-formats|downloads formats]], [[downloads-brainstorming|downloads brainstorming]]
* error messages [[error-message-examples|error message examples]], [[error-message-formats]], [[error-message-brainstorming|error message brainstorming]]
* figures [[figure-examples|figure examples]], [[figure-formats]], [[figure-brainstorming|figure brainstorming]]
* file-format ([[file-format-examples|examples]], formats, brainstorming) - for the mark-up of file format information (size, type, codecs, bitrate, etc.) - should this be merged with [[downloads]] ?
* forms [[forms-examples|forms examples]]
* group [[group-examples|group examples]], [[group-formats]], [[group-brainstorming|group brainstorming]]
* grouping ([[grouping-examples|examples]], [[grouping-formats|formats]], [[grouping-brainstorming|brainstorming]], [[grouping-proposal|proposal]]) - Metadata markup of items that should be grouped together.
* hash [[hash-examples|hash examples]] (see also [[downloads]])
* items [[items-examples|items examples]], [[items-formats]], [[items-brainstorming|items brainstorming]]
* job listing [[job-listing-examples|job listing examples]], [[job-listing-formats]], [[job-listing-brainstorming|job listing brainstorming]]
* last modified [[last-modified-examples|last modified examples]], [[last-modified-formats|last modified formats]], and [[last-modified-brainstorming|last modified brainstorming]]
* [[media-info]] ([[media-info-examples|media-info examples]], [[media-info-formats|media-info formats]], [[media-info-brainstorming|media-info brainstorming]]) {
* meeting minutes [[meeting-minutes-examples|meeting minutes examples]], [[meeting-minutes-formats|meeting minutes formats]], and [[meeting-minutes-brainstorming|meeting minutes brainstorming]]
* metalink [[metalink-examples|metalink examples]]
* [[mfo-examples|MFO examples]]
* news [[news-examples|news examples]]
* [[off|OFF]]
* [[operating-hours]]: [[operating-hours-examples]] ..of stores, restaurants, etc. {
* [[page-summary]] [[page-summary-examples]], [[page-summary-formats]]
* [[payment]]
* photo note [[photo-note-examples|photo note examples]]
* [[product]] - [[product-examples]], [[product-formats]], [[product-brainstorming]]. The following needs to be cleaned up as part of product: rel-product [[rel-product-brainstorming|rel-product brainstorming]]
* [[question-answer]], [[question-answer-examples]], [[question-answer-formats]], [[question-answer-brainstorming]]
* [[realestate-propertydetail]], [[realestate-propertydetail-examples]], [[realestate-propertydetail-formats]], [[realestate-propertydetail brainstorming]]
* requirements testing [[requirements-testing|requirements testing overview]], and [[requirements-testing-examples|requirements testing examples]]
* [[rest-examples|REST examples]] (see also [[rest]])
* search results [[search-results-example|search results example]]
* show [[show-examples]], [[show-formats]], [[show-brainstorming|show brainstorming]] (see also [[media-info]])
* showroll [[showroll-examples]], [[showroll-formats]], [[showroll-brainstorming]]
* table [[table-examples|examples]]
* tagspeak [[tagspeak-examples|tagspeak examples]]
* tagcloud [[tagcloud-examples|tagcloud examples]], [[tagcloud-formats]], and [[tagcloud-brainstorming|tagcloud brainstorming]].
* [[to-do-examples]], [[to-do-formats]], [[to-do-brainstorming]], to perhaps yield [[htodo|hToDo]]
* transit table [[transit-table-examples|transit table examples]]
* [[uid]]
* [[widget]], [[widget-examples|widget examples]], [[widget-formats]], [[widget-brainstorming|widget brainstorming]]
* [[wiki-formats|wiki formats]]
* work of art [[work-of-art|work of art overview]], [[workofart-examples|work of art examples]], [[workofart-formats|work of art formats]], and [[workofart-brainstorming|work of art brainstorming]]
* [[xmdp-brainstorming|XMDP brainstorming]] (see also [[xmdp-faq]])

==Abandoned==
The following exploratory discussions are confirmed as abandoned:
*...

==Archive==

The following exploratory discussions resulted in a microformat, or have been superseded by later developments, but are kept here for historical interest:

* blog post [[blog-post-examples|examples]], [[blog-post-formats|blog post formats]], and [[blog-post-brainstorming|blog post brainstorming]] (yielded the [[hatom|hAtom]] draft)
* location [[location-examples]], [[location-formats|location formats]]. (see also [[adr]], [[geo]], [[hcard|hCard]])
* resume [[resume-examples]], [[resume-formats|resume formats]], [[resume-brainstorming|resume brainstorming]] yielded the [[hresume|hResume]] draft.
* review [[review-examples|review examples]], and [[review-formats|review formats]] yielded the [[hreview|hReview]] draft

genealogy-formats

2007-08-03T21:15:47Z

Bob Jonkman: GEDCOM _IS_ a format for genealogical data.

= Genealogy Formats =

I started this page because someone (Bob Jonkman apparently) added a bunch of stuff to the [http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/MicroFormats Technorati microformats page] on genealogy, and I moved it here. -[http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek]

== In the wild ==

see: The Dring tree [http://www.sussexbarn.com/dring/web/dring/pafg01.htm] for an interesting family tree website.

[http://www.comp.utas.edu.au/users/rsmith/levett/wc01/wc01_045.html this family group] is pretty much a direct translation of a gedcom FAM structure, but with some names added to the links. It also includes back links to parents.

[http://www.comp.utas.edu.au/users/rsmith/levett/ps02/ps02_361.html an individual from the same tree] This is basically an INDI record from GEDCOM.

== problem statement ==
The main problem for geneaology on the web is that many people are posting their family trees, but if you were searching for your ancestors, there is no semantic in these pages which helps you link them to similar named individuals in your own tree. some sites like freeCEN and freeBMD have databases which can assist in this linkage, but they are incomplete and frustrating to use.

If there were some kind of order to this process, ordinary web searching might be used; and we could interlink family trees more readily.

[http://jay.askren.net/Projects/SemWeb/ RDF] and the semantic web has been used to tackle this problem, but this doesnt help people that want to publish, or search published trees until there is a real semantic web.

What I think we need is some kind of microformat markup to add to examples like [http://jay.askren.net/Projects/SemWeb/FamilyTrees/AbrahamLincoln.html this tree of Abraham Lincoln].

== GEDCOM ==

GEDCOM has become pretty much the defacto standard for sharing data between geneaology systems. It is hierachical and link based, much like HTML; but it encodes family structure (which is a general graph) outside of this structural hierachy. <blockquote>GEDCOM was developed (...) to provide a flexible, uniform format for exchanging computerized genealogical data.[http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/gedcom/55gcint.htm]</blockquote>

* Coding the GEDCOM standard into hGEDCOM. I don't know of any projects working on this, but nominate [http://www.starkeffect.com/ged2html/3.6a/ Gene Stark's GED2HTML translator] (esp. the [http://www.starkeffect.com/ged2html/3.6a/templates.html modifiable output program]) as a suitable candidate for hGEDCOM hacking. See also [http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/genweb.html#gedcom Paul McBride's links] to GEDCOM standards and resources. --[mailto:bjonkman@sobac.com Bob Jonkman]

* I'm not sure whether it makes sense to do GEDCOM as its own format, the FAM structure and the need to present different reports, suggest to me that we need some kind of post GEDCOM markup. To see how direct use of GEDCOM might pan out I hacked up this [[GEDCOM Worked example]]. To me the main issue seems to revolve around the FAM structure. I think the [http://jay.askren.net/Projects/SemWeb/ Jay Askren] approach might be better thsn the Gene Stark work as a starting point.

* Had a look at some examples of what GEDCOM creates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEDCOM#Example]. Basically, seems to be [[xfn|XFN]] relationships (siblings, spouses etc.) and [[hcard|hCard]] information (could genealogy be inferred from existing XFNs regardless of a hGED format?). The only additional information we do not currently hold in a format is that of gender. GEDCOM specifies male or female for each individual. Creating something using these formats would be quite straightforward, but not sure its takeup would be good unless someone was interested in creating a hGEDCOM2GEDCOM. -- [[user:Phae|Frances Berriman]]

* GEDCOM is basically a set of INDIvidual records, related by FAMily nodes the family nodes contain the HUSBand, WIFE and CHILd. The INDI records are quite similar and might be replaced by hCard records, but the graph structure is a little harder to capture; families arent strict trees, so a direct mapping to XML doesnt really work. Publishing a GEDCOM database directly to the web might not be the most logical thing to do.

* Genealogical information has date-of-death, which is also missing in hCard format (although hCard does have date-of-birth). Much of genealogical information is event based: Date of birth, date of death, dates of marriages and divorces, and many other significant events such as religious observances (Baptisms, Bar/Bat Mitzvahs) and migrations ("Moved to Canada from the Netherlands"). This all translates wonderfully to [[hCalendar]]. Additionally, a properly researched family tree will cite sources for all the data listed, and so could use [[citation|hCite]]. The biggest problem I see in using hCalendar is that genealogical data allows approximate dates, specifically "ABT 4 July 1776", "BEF 25 Dec 1903", "AFT 11 Nov 1918". It also also allows ambiguous dates, "July 1867" or just "1886", or even "4 July". And these in combination, (Approximately ambiguous dates? Ambiguously approximate dates?), eg. "BEF Feb 2007", "AFT 1945". The most ambiguous entries I've seen for dates are "DECEASED" when date-of-death is unknown, and "NOT MARRIED" for couples who have not had a wedding ceremony. (Info from ''Guidelines for event dates'' in the PAF Help File).

::The only relationship links in GEDCOM are HUSBand, WIFE and CHILd. All other relationships (brother, sister, grandparents, grandchildren, uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews, cousins) can be inferred by traversing family records. This does mean that any collection of genealogical pages need some way to cross-reference to each other. This isn't a problem for all pages on a single Web site, which use RIN (Record Identifier) or REFN (User Reference Number). However, different Web pages maintained by different genealogists may have conflicting RINs and REFNs. There is a globally-unique AFN (Ancestral File Number) issued by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS), but I don't know how they're issued and most genealogical sites don't use them anyway.

::The GEDCOM format contains much other data specific to the LDS, but I don't know how widespread it is, nor how appropriate it would be to code it into a microformat intended to reach well beyond the LDS.

::Regardless of whether an hGED microformat is developed, it would still be valuable to mark up genealogical information with microformats on Web pages for the semantic value.

::[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 07:58, 9 Feb 2007 (PST)

==Wikipedia's Persondata==
Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Persondata Persondata] aligns very closely with hCard, but has additional date and place of birth & death fields. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 13:04, 28 Jan 2007 (PST)

== External Links ==
*GEDCOM specifications are documented on the FamilySearch website: [http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Home/FAQ/faq_gedcom.asp]
** [http://www.familysearch.org/GEDCOM/GEDCOM55.EXE GEDCOM 5.5 Standard] (Executable file in Envoy format) (broken?)
** HTML translation [http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/gedcom/55gctoc.htm GEDCOM 5.5 Standard]
** [http://www.familysearch.org/GEDCOM/GedXML60.pdf Draft Specification for GEDCOM XML 6.0] (PDF)
*Personal Ancestral File (PAF)
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Ancestral_File Personal Ancestral File]
**[http://productsupport.familysearch.org/supportroot/eng/frameset_products.asp PAF support page]
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_File_Number Ancestral File Number]

==See also==
*[[genealogy-brainstorming]]
*[[hcard|hCard]]

hcard-brainstorming

2007-07-13T17:07:13Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Open Questions */

<h1> hCard Brainstorming </h1>
This page is for brainstorming about various uses and details of [[hcard|hCard]].

__TOC__

== Authors ==
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]
* [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]

== Contributors ==
* [[User:Atamido|Atamido]]
* [[User:ChrisMessina|ChrisMessina]]
* [[User:DimitriGlazkov|DimitriGlazkov]]
* ...
* ... and many others

== Problems Being Solved ==

Some of the problems that [[hcard|hCard]] helps to solve:

* having to enter business cards that go out of date (subscribe to someone's syndicated [[hcard|hCard]] instead).
* annoying "update your contact info" email from various centralized contact info services

== FN Nickname semantic ==

There are many sites (e.g. [http://flickr.com Flickr], [http://consumating.com/ Consumating]) which permit the user to '''both''' have a multi-word login/handle/alias, '''and''' not show their ''real'' name (fn, n, given-name, family-name etc.).

For the people represented by the profile pages of these sites, the best we can do is mark-up their login/handle/alias as their "nickname". Originally, we had thought that such handles etc. were single words only, and thus we created the [[hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization|Implied nickname optimization]] accordingly, where you can markup the handle as an "fn", and have it automatically set a "nickname" property value, and empty values for all the "n" sub-values.

In order to deal with multi-word handles, similar to the [[hcard#Organization_Contact_Info|hCard Organization contact info]] method, the following is proposed:

=== "fn" and "nickname" combination ===

Due to the use of potentially multi-word nicknames/handles/usernames in content published on the Web, (e.g. on sites like [http://flickr.com Flickr] and [http://consumating.com/ Consumating]), hCard has a mechanism for specifying a multi-word "fn" that is also a "nickname" without affecting any "n" sub-properties that are otherwise specified, and explicitly implying empty defaults for "n" sub-properties.

Similar to the [[hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization|implied "nickname" optimization]], if the "fn" property and a "nickname" property have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. <code>class="fn nickname"</code>), then

# The content of the "fn" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "n" property by implying empty values for all the "n" sub-properties.

== Examples ==

* See [[hcard-examples]], which provides several illustrative instructive examples, as well as 1:1 hCard examples for each example in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC 2426].

=== Using RFC2806 with hCard ===

[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2806.txt RFC 2806] defines the telephone scheme "tel:", "fax:" and "modem:" to handle phone communications with URIs in the same way, "mailto:" is defined for email. It's part of the list or registered schemes by IANA : [http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) SCHEMES]

<pre><nowiki>
tel telephone [RFC2806]
fax fax [RFC2806]
modem modem [RFC2806]
</nowiki></pre>

It is practical to write your tel number like this.

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="tel" href="tel:+1-919-555-7878">+1-919-555-7878</a>
</nowiki></pre>

or even

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="tel" href="tel:+1-919-555-7878">Mr Smith's phone</a>
</nowiki></pre>

You can add support for "tel:" to your desktop and to your browser

* For Gnome, edit ~/.gnome/Gnome and add something to the URL Handlers section. (Dan Connolly uses this to get galeon to launch telnum from [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/telagent/ telagent sources] for tel URIs)
* In Mozilla, [http://dizzy.mozdev.org/ Dizzy]
* In Internet Explorer, [http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/networking/pluggable/overview/overview.asp Asynchronous Pluggable Protocols]

On the CSS front… You could for example add automagically an icon. I have put the property !important for those who wants to add it to their own stylesheet in their browsers, so they know type of links when browsing.

<pre><nowiki>
a[href^="tel:"]:before {
content: '\260f ' !important;
padding-left: 20px !important; }

a[href^="mailto:"]:before {
content: '\2709 ' !important;
padding-left: 20px !important; }
</nowiki></pre>

== Encoding "modern" attributes ==

Since vCard was first established, various interactive communication technologies and addressing schemes have been widely adopted. Although there aren't specific properties for these technologies / addressing schemes, they can be captured as URLs or email addresses.

This has now been written up for the most part. See:

http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-examples#New_Types_of_Contact_Info

Still to be addressed:

* iChat mac.com addresses, simply store "@mac.com" email addresses, e.g.
** <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:steve@mac.com">...</nowiki></code>
* MSN Instant Messenger, you can simple store "@hotmail.com" or "@msn.com" or "@passport.com" email addresses.
* Internet Relay Chat (IRC), use "irc:" URLs.

== Auto-Discovery ==

=== Representative hCard discovery ===
Ways to auto discover the representative hCard for a page, that is the hCard that means the person/owner of the page.

Applications for auto-discovery of the representative hCard for the page
* vCard auto extraction from the page
* profile icon discovery (e.g. what people use gravatar for and have proposed pavatar for).

The preferred option is to use only visible semantic HTML ([[POSH]]).

Here is a scenario that outlines the proposed auto-discovery process:

# I (as user) give the URL of my homepage or hCard or other profile URL, to a site that wants a profile icon
# That site goes and gets it (e.g. using hKit), and then:
## checks to see if there is an <nowiki><address></nowiki> hCard, and uses it if it finds it
## otherwise uses the first hCard it finds (which in cases of profile URLs which have a single hCard like on [http://flickr.com Flickr], [http://zooomr.com Zooomr], and [http://technorati.com/ Technorati], will work as expected).
# The site looks in the hCard for a "logo" property and uses the first one if it finds any.
# Otherwise it looks for a "photo" property and uses the first one if it finds any.
# Otherwise the site uses a default icon, but subscribes to the URL with the hCard and checks it for a "logo" or "photo", say, once a day.

=== vCard link rel auto-discovery ===

A similar possibility is an auto discovery link in the head of the document could point to a URL (perhaps with transform) to a vCard version of the representative hCard.

On the page with the hCard encoding, the best link would be as follows:
<code><nowiki> <link rel="alternate" type="text/directory" href="..." /> </nowiki></code>
this HTML page is an alternate view of the vCard.

The [http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/ registered and appropriate type] for vCard entities is “text/directory”, as defined in Internet RFC 2425, “[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2425.txt A MIME Content-Type for Directory Information]”. RFC 2426, “[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2425.txt vCard MIME Directory Profile]”, specifies the vCard profile for “text/directory” entities, which profile the MIME/HTTP header field “Content-Type” would indicate with a “profile” parameter whose value is “VCARD”.

It is unclear whether the HTML/XHTML “type” attribute allows values with parameters. On 2004-05-23, [http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/ Björn Höhrmann] sent to the [http://www.w3.org/2002/05/html/charter HTML Working Group] a [http://www.w3.org/mid/40ccdc4d.97400945@smtp.bjoern.hoehrmann.de request for clarification] on the issue.

When on a different page, referencing that encoded page in the href would ''not'' be an alternate view of the current page. Therefore rel="alternate" may not be appropriate. The problem of what rel value to use is bigger than links to vCards.

=== hCard to hCard relationships ===

There are several types of hCard to hCard relationships, that is, one hCard hyperlinking to another hCard which would beneift from the explicit rel values that described the specific relationship.

==== mini hCard to expanded hCard ====

Perhaps the most common type of hCard to hCard link is a mini hCard, e.g. from a personal home page or blog to the person's contact/about page, perhaps consisting of only a name and URL, that links to an expanded hCard. Examples in the wild:

In this instance, possible rel values might include:
* rel="expanded"
* rel="definitive" - the problem with this is that the expanded hCard is not necessarily a definitive version.
* rel="canonical" - similarly, the expanded hCard is not necessarily at a canonical URL. It may simply be *an* expanded version, not *the* expanded version.

The following rel values have been suggested, but are not really a good idea due to the fact that they imply a dependence to add a new rel value for any new microformat which might have a mini-version linking to a more expanded version:
* rel="author"
* rel='contact'
* rel="contactinfo"
* rel='hcard'
* rel='person'

Here are some more generic values that have been suggested which perhaps make even less sense:
* rel='microformat' - this doesn't make any sense when you imagine a world where nearly every web page contains microformats.
* rel='about' - what does "about" have to do with a person or even authorship?
* rel="profile" - should be reserved for meaning here is an [[xmdp|XMDP]] profile for the current page.
* rel='PIM' - not sure about how this makes any sense either.

==== mini hCard to remote site ====
Per the instructions in [[hcard-examples]] for [[hcard-examples#References_to_People_in_Blogrolls|marking up people in blogrolls]], you might have an hCard of your site for another person which then links to that other person's website. Should there be a rel value that indicates this "mini-hCard" to "person" relationship?

==== mini hCards and nearby expanded hCard links ====
Some authors include mini-hCards on their pages of themselves (e.g. in their blog posts), and yet those mini-hCards don't actually point to more expanded versions. However, sometimes they have a separate but nearby link on the same page like "about" or "contact" that does link to an expanded hCard.

E.g. on [http://factoryjoe.com/blog/ FactoryCity], blog posts have mini-hCards for "published by", e.g. (white space added for readability):
<pre><nowiki>
Published by
<span class="vcard author">
<a href="http://factoryjoe.com/blog/author/factoryjoe/" class="url fn">
Chris Messina
</a>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

On those same blog pages, there is a link labeled "Contact Information" that links to http://factoryjoe.com/blog/hcard/ which has an hCard with more information like phone number, birthday etc.

=== Auto-Discovery for XFN ===

An author will typically their XFN information on a specific page, rather than all pages. In particular, a specific page separate from the home page of their blog, and thus it would be useful to have an explicit rel value to assist in auto-discovery of XFN information.

This was suggested by Jens Alfke on 20050606 at the WWDC blogger's dinner.

== geo improvements ==
''See [[geo-brainstorming]]''

== Other use cases ==
*calculate and display the subject's age "as of today".
*calculate and display the subject's age at death (if a Date of Death is available)
*Generate an recurring iCal for a living subject's birthday
*Generate an recurring iCal for a dead subject's "anniversary of birth" (if a Date of Death is available)

== Issues with vCard Applications ==
See [[vcard-implementations]].

== Open Questions ==

Q: since many of the components would be using CSS classes for encoding data, it is possible to MIX two different profiles. (e.g. hCard and XFN) There are no real constraints on where/how to enforce class names, these are based on the html profile, since it is difficult to associate the text within the attribute to a specific profile.

<pre><nowiki>
...
<a href="mailto:joe.smith@example.com" class="fn" rel="met">Joe Smith</a>
...
</nowiki></pre>

-- [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

Q: Preserving White space? Should the transforming applications preserve extra white space characters? For example:
<pre><nowiki>
<a href="http://mywebsite.com/" class="fn n">
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="other-names">Q.</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>
</a>
</nowiki></pre>

When transformed into a vCard, the N property will pick apart the span tags and create the value for N correctly seperated by colons. The FN property will take a string and simply display it. There are two possible renderings for FN:
<pre><nowiki>
John Q. Public

John
Q.
Public
</nowiki></pre>

Either the white-space is preserved or it is not. Which should the transforming applications render?

-- [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

A: The parsing application should follow the white space collapsing rules of the mime type it retrieves. I.e. if it retrieves a "text/html" document, it should do HTML white space collapsing.

-- [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek]

Many of the Questions and Answers are relevant to both ["hCal"] and hCard.

Q: Would it be appropriate to wrap the name of the vCard owner with <dfn/>? This may give the hCard some added semantic value in the XHTML document.
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="agent">
<span class="vcard">
<span class="email">
<a class="internet" href="mailto:jfriday@host.com">
<dfn>
<span class="fn">Joe Friday</span>
</dfn>
</a>
</span>
<span class="tel">+1-919-555-7878</span>
<span class="title">Area Administrator, Assistant</span>
</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
-- [http://www.ben-ward.co.uk/ Ben Ward]
* If the answer to the above Q is "yes", why not use the following?
<pre><nowiki>
<dfn class="fn">Joe Friday</dfn>
</nowiki></pre>
or
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="agent">
<dfn class="vcard">
<span class="email">
<a class="internet" href="mailto:jfriday@host.com">
<span class="fn">Joe Friday</span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="tel">+1-919-555-7878</span>
<span class="title">Area Administrator, Assistant</span>
</dfn>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
This would mark the entire hcard as the "defining instance".

[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 10:07, 13 Jul 2007 (PDT)

== Applications ==
Applications that are hCard aware or can convert hCard to vCard formats.

=== Copy hCards favelet(s) ===
* I think a Favelet would work nicely here. When you find a page that is hCard friendly, you click the favlet and you get yourself a vCard. This is done! See X2V in the implementations section of the [[hcard|hCard]] spec.

=== Distributed Commentor Icons ===

* See [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ using hCards in your blog] for an example of hCards used for comment authors (commentors). The system used there, "Gravatars", is a centralized site that serves commentor icons that requires login etc.

What if we gave each commentor the option of hosting their own icon?

A distributed commentor icon implementation could work like this:

# Given the URL of a commentor, look for an <code><address></code> element with classname of "vcard" at the commentor's URL. The <code><address></code> element is supposed to be the contact information for the page (see [[hcard-faq|hCard FAQ]] for more info), so this makes sense.
# Next, look for the first element inside that hcard that has a classname of "logo".
# Hopefully that element is an <code><img></code>, and if so, use its src to get the commentor's icon.
# Presto. You've got distributed commentor icons!

== Spam prevention ==
hCard uses <code>mailto:</code> links, and therefore
it automatically "inherits" the disadvantage of <code>mailto:</code> links:
These links can be easily detected by emails spiders (used by spammers).

Email addresses are picked up like any other link crawled by a search engine and trustworthy crawlers may be deterred from adding emphasis while indexing these links by including rel="nofollow" (See [[rel-nofollow]]). However, email addresses used for spam are crawled by email spiders which will likely ignore this attribute.

There are ways to prevent email address detection by simple email spiders, while
still retaining full compatibility with (X)HTML applications.
One common way is to "encode" the the "m" of "mail" and "@" with character entities, yet it's unwise to follow a convention of only encoding specific characters because the email spiders can pick up on this too:

Example of the original link:
<pre><nowiki>
<a class="email" href="mailto:john.smith@example.com">john.smith@example.com</a>
</nowiki></pre>

Example of the "encoded" link (with rel-nofollow added):
<pre><nowiki>
<a class="e&#109;ail" rel="nofollow" href="&#109;ailto:john.smith&#064;example.com">john.smith&#064;example.com</a>
</nowiki></pre>

Simple email spiders which do not do character entity decoding will therefore not be able to find your email address.

''Note:'' Perhaps there are or will be email spiders which can decode entities, so the this technique will only help with some (cheap) email spiders.
(See also: http://rbach.priv.at/Misc/2005/EmailSpiderTest)

=== Other prevention methods to consider ===
* Using server-side code to implement character entities randomly
* Displaying the address in a way thought to be only human readable (thus breaking the link):
** Using an image instead of text (could still be machine readable using OCR)
** Using human readable text that conveys the need for editing before use (eg PLEASE-NO-SPAM_name@example_NO-SPAM.com)
* Using javascript for client-side decryption of an encrypted address (requires javascript to be enabled)
* Pointing to an email form or other URL instead of an email address

== Tutorials ==
* How to hCard encode entries in Popular blog software.
* Good reasons to publish your hCard
** as a business, get people to put you in their address book so they'll find you later
** as a business with an email list, get people to add you (with email address) to their address book so that your email list works via whitelisting via the address book.

== Parsing ==
See separate [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]] page for current hCard parsing rules.

Add thoughts/proposals to improve/add to hCard parsing here in this section in hCard brainstorming, and be sure to include URLs to examples of hCards in the wild which could benefit from parsing rule changes.

* Multiple Type parsing / Type Optimization: The spec allows for, and the [[hcard-authoring#Phone_Numbers|hcard-authoring]] demonstrate the use of multiple type designations for a single value of tel. The syntax used in the authoring examples where each seems like it could become cumbersome. As these type designations are all single 'word' strings it may be possible to implement additional parsing rules to allow for multiple types inside the same HTML element. Handling delimiters may be an issue [space, comma, etc?], and some in-the-wild usage of multiple types would need to be located and examined before considering additional parsing rules along these lines [ [[User:ChrisCasciano|ChrisCasciano]] 10:21, 16 Apr 2007 (PDT) ]
*Parsers could calculate the current age of hCard subjects, from the DoB. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 07:47, 20 Apr 2007 (PDT)
*for hCards with DoB, parsers could generate and export a recurring hCalendar. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 08:06, 20 Apr 2007 (PDT)
**If/ when date-of-death is added to hCard, parsers could instead generate a recurring "death-anniversary" hCalendar. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 08:08, 20 Apr 2007 (PDT)
* ...

=== fax and modem hyperlink parsing ===
For the "tel" property in particular, when the element is:
* <code><a href="fax:..."></code> OR <code><area href="fax:..."></code> : parse the value of the 'href' attribute, omitting the "fax:" prefix and any "?" query suffix (if present), in the attribute. For details on the "fax:" URL scheme, see RFC 2806. In addition, treat this 'tel' property instance as having subproperty type "fax" in addition to any explicit subproperty type specified on the 'tel' property.
* <code><a href="modem:..."></code> OR <code><area href="modem:..."></code> : parse the value of the 'href' attribute, omitting the "modem:" prefix and any "?" query suffix (if present), in the attribute. For details on the "modem:" URL scheme, see RFC 2806. In addition, treat this 'tel' property instance as having subproperty type "modem" in addition to any explicit subproperty type specified on the 'tel' property.

== Post vCard additions ==

Keeping hCard properties and values as a 1:1 representation of vCard properties and values has numerous benefits such as simplicity, stability, interoperability with the vast number of existing vCard applications etc.

However some have found vCard to be limiting in terms of the data/properties/fields they want to express in contact information. Some implementations use vCard extensions to express such information [citation needed].

This section is for documentation of such suggested additions. Empirical evidence of actual *real world* examples on the Web of people publishing this information would be a good step towards considering any such additions/extensions.

* '''altitude'''. From [[hcard-issues]].
** Used by Wikipedia e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avers Avers]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Argentina volcanoes in Argentina]
**Used (as "height") by PoI66 in GPS tracks, e.g [http://www.poi66.com/maps/show_earth.php?album=wip&lat=35.58756&lon=27.06803&extent=0.1&title=Beach%20van%20Lefkos%20]
**Used by Great Circle Mapper, e.g [http://gc.kls2.com/airport/BHX BHX]
**Used by UK Govt. Met Office (as "AMSL" = height Above Mean Sea Level) e.g. [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19611990/sites/penkridge.html Penkridge Weather station]
**See also [[geo-elevation-examples]]
* '''vat-number''' : for VAT numbers of companies, which are used a lot in Europe and they need to be published on Belgian publications (including websites).
* '''gender'''
**most social network sites (see [[profile-examples]]) publish the gender of the individual
**Many pages publish implicit gender information, not easily machine parsable - using names (Andrew, Andrea), titles (Mr, Mrs, Miss), relationships (husband, brother), pronouns (he, she), etc. See also [[genealogy-brainstorming]]
* '''date-of-death'''
**Used by Wikipedia e.g. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bonham John Bonham]
**Used in obituaries, e.g [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/obituaries/norris.htm Tony Norris (WMBC)]; [http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1725211,00.html Ivor Cutler (Guardian)]; [http://www.britarch.ac.uk/BA/ba8/ba8obit.html Grahame Clark (British Archaeology)]
**Used in grave indices e.g. [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=676 Chico Marx]
**Used on war memorial pages [http://tinyurl.com/2ddlvq Captain Ronald Wilkinson]
**Used in biographies e.g. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/lotw/6.html Oxford National Dictionary of Biography]
Of course if vCard were extended itself, that may provide impetus to add such extensions to hCard in order to maintain the 1:1 representation of properties/values.

Thus see (and add to): [[vcard-suggestions]]

Another path to consider is the development of another microformat which includes an hCard and then extends it with additional properties for a particular domain. In many ways [[hresume|hResume]] has already done this. Other related efforts:
* [[genealogy]]
* [[profile]]

Using hCard as a stable building block for additional microformats may seem more desirable than incrementally growing hCard itself.

==Wikipedia's Persondata==
Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Persondata Persondata] aligns very closely with hCard, but has additional date and place of birth & death fields. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 13:02, 28 Jan 2007 (PST)

== TODO ==

* The [[hcard-profile]] needs verification and perhaps a URL for retrieving the actual XMDP, rather than as <pre> text on a wiki page.
* Complete translating the examples from the vCard spec into hCard, and place them on a separate hCard examples page.
* Create a "rich" but realistic hCard example, say for example for a salesperson, who wants to put a whole bunch of contact information on their website in order to be found/contacted easily.
* Provide examples of how to encode instant messaging (IM) accounts. Figure out what would the mailto: or aim: URL in hCard look like in vCard. And take a look at what vCard applications do today with IM addresses.

== CSS Styles ==
Not only can you create semantics with the hCard values, but you can add CSS styles to them as well. You are free to style the terms in any way you want, but here we can list a few ideas for how to style terms.

If you want to encode hCard data, but do NOT want to display it in the HTML code (WARNING: This is very much recommended AGAINST, and in general against the microformat principle of marking up visible data), then you can hide that tag in CSS with the following code:
<pre><nowiki>
<span style="display: none">Hidden Data</span>
</nowiki></pre>
Transforming applications will still find the data and use it when converting hCards to vCards.

== Other Implementations/Ideas ==
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-vcard-rdf-20010222/ Representing vCard Objects in RDF/XML] This could allow conversion of vCard data from XHTML to RDF and from RDF to XHTML
* It would also be possible to convert XFN and hCard to FoaF.

== Additional Parsing Improvements ==
=== Ambiguous name components ===

When automatically publishing hCards from pre-existing data, it's not necessarily possible to tell which words in a name map to which hCard properties. When the structure of a name is unknown, it is hard to ensure an automatically published hCard remains valid.

There's currently no easy answer to this.

One implementation suggestion is a 'best-guess' algorithm, something along the lines of:

# If the name is one word, attempt [[hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization|implied nickname optimization]]
# If the name is two words, attempt [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|implied n optimization]]
# For three or more words
## Perform a lookup against known sub-name combinations (e.g. 'Sarah Jane', 'Vander Wal')
## Apply the grammar "given-name additional-name(s) family-name"

The principal behind this suggestion is that it's better to make a good guess and potentially miscategorize an ambiguous name component than to generate an invalid hCard.

===ADR with no children===
Parsers (Operator, Tails, Almost Universal Microformat Parser) currently expect <code>adr</code> to have one or more sub-properties. It is not clear from the hCard spec that that's mandatory (though the vCard RFC requires it); nor is it always possible for an address field in a templated (or CMS) web site to be defined with such granularity.

Consider Wikipedia, whose templates often have a "locale" or "place" field, used, for example, on these articles about railway stations:

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Street_station Old Street]
**"Place" ("locale" in the template) is a '''street'''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamstead_railway_station Hamstead]
**"Place" is a '''local district'''
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_railway_station Inverness]
**"Place" is a '''city'''

Likewise, the Wikipedia template for organisations, in which a "headquarters" address (for a business, for example) may contain a full or partial postal address, or just a city/county or city/country pair:

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco Tesco]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP BP]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google Google]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Coat_Systems Blue Coat Systems]

I propose that, where <code>adr</code> has content, but no explicit sub-properties, there should be a default sub-property to which that content is allocated, in order that it is captured by user agents, and can later be manually tweaked (in, say, an address book programme) by users if so desired. This would satisfy the vCard requirement for child-of-adr, and adhere to the general principle to "[[be-strict|be strict in what you send but generous in what you receive]]".
*Note that there may be other reasons to consider this suggestion, such as "ease of authoring". Another way of looking at this suggestion is as a "adr/extended-address shorthand". [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 08:28, 26 Mar 2007 (PDT)

* there is also a LABEL property which is NOT structured data, but purely a text string to be used when labeling. LABEL purpose: To specify the formatted text corresponding to delivery address of the object the vCard represents. [[User:Brian|Brian]] 13:18, 30 Mar 2007 (UTC)
**On re-reading this, it seems that none of the adressess given in my examples meet the criteria of being "''formatted text corresponding to delivery address''". [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 03:35, 17 Apr 2007 (PDT)

Of the available sub-property options:

*street-address
*extended-address
*region
*locality

I suggest that "extended-address" is the most sensible sub-property to use, for this purpose. [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]] 03:57, 26 Mar 2007 (PDT)

=== INPUT element handling ===

In [[hcard-parsing]], I've defined special-case handling for several elements according to [[hcard-parsing#more_semantic_exceptions|more semantic exceptions]], e.g. textual properties on the IMG element use the 'alt' attribute.

One element I forgot at the time was the INPUT element, specifically, <nowiki><input type="text"></nowiki>.

The simple suggestion is to add the following to [[hcard-parsing]], specifically to the [[hcard-parsing#all_properties|all properties]] sub-section:

* <code><input type="text" value="..."></code>: use the value of the 'value' attribute. If there is no 'value' attribute then treat the value as empty.

[[User:Tantek|Tantek]]

==== Background discussion: ====

Key threads:
* http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-September/005951.html
* http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-October/006132.html
* http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2007-January/008312.html

Somewhat related:
* http://microformats.org/wiki/rest/forms-brainstorming
* http://microformats.org/wiki/rest/forms-examples

One key summary:
* http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-October/006172.html

The options discussed in a hypothetical hCard input system so far appear to be:

1) create a new root class other than vcard to indicate a form that's
fillable with hCard data.

Proposed markup:

<pre><nowiki>
<form class="vcard-input" ...>
<fieldset class="fn">
<input type="text" class="given-name" name="first_name" />
<input type="text" class="family-name" name="last_name" />
</fieldset>
...
</form>
</nowiki></pre>

Benefits:
Doesn't overcomplicate hCard with new parsing rules,
doesn't require rewrite of existing parsers to ignore 'unparsable' data.
Drawbacks:
Requires completely new parsers to be written.
Existing parsers would ignore data even if a valid hCard could be extracted.

2) extend hCard's parsing rules to cover form elements and relying on
the FORM/INPUT semantics to indicate that stuff is inputtable.

Proposed markup:

<pre><nowiki>
<form class="vcard" ...>
<fieldset class="fn">
<input type="text" class="given-name" name="first_name" />
<input type="text" class="family-name" name="last_name" />
</fieldset>
...
</form>
</nowiki></pre>

Benefits:
Small addition to existing format rather than new one.
Semantics of an input form and the eventual display format are the same.
Drawbacks:
Existing parsers would/could parse forms as invalid hCards, would need re-writing.

Broader question:
* http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2005-September/001059.html
Should this be extended beyond just hCard?

==== Key Issues/discussion points ====
* Extending parsing rules to extract value attributes from <input type="text|hidden"> fields
- ''Negative'' : this require re-coding the existing parsers
- ''Positive'' : this could help to enable uf based auto form filling
- ''Negative'' : this could help to enable uf based auto form filling (e.g. spam automation)
* Existing server side and client side scripts use non-hCard field names so class is the most seamless extension point
- ''Positive'' : this is in line with the current parsing model
* Many parsers (e.g. operator) parse the loaded html not the dynamic DOM
- ''Negative'' : parser doesn't pickup any updated form data after the page has loaded
- e.g. even though textarea appears to parse ok - it's only ever the initially loaded value that can be exported
* Forms may contain more than one hCard so using <FORM class="vcard"> should not be required
- ''Positive'' : this minimises the changes to current parsing rules
* Empty values should be ignored when extracting hCards
* hCards with all empty values should be ignored when listing/extracting hCards
* Which form elements should be supported beyond input fields
- ''Examples''
- title select that lists mr/mrs/ms/dr/etc.
- checkboxes to choose which addresses to use
- ''Option'' : simplify extension to only support input fields and recommend that select's, radio buttons and checkboxes update related hidden input fields with simple javascript (e.g. onChange/Click="this.form.elements[this.className].value = this.value")
- ''Positive'' : this would simplify parsing and server side form processing as only single input fields for each value need to be used/validated
- ''Negative'' : hCard forms then require javascript if they use form elements other than basic <input type="text|hidden">
- ''Comment'' : either way any auto form filling will be more complex beyond simple <input type="text|hidden"> fields

[[User:RobManson|RobManson]]

== Accepted Suggestions ==

=== Encoding Company data as a Business Card (proposal) ===

( Accepted: http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info )

In the wild there are several hCards that do not currently validate because they are businesses that have omitted the "fn" property in favor of the "org" property.

Proposal: hCards representing a business or organization MUST set fn AND org to the same value. Parsers may then use this equivalence, if detected, to treat an hCard as the contact info for a business or organization rather than an individual.

Note that [http://microformats.org/wiki/vcard-implementations#organization_vs._individual Apple Address Book supports this semantic when importing vCards].

See the [http://technorati.com/about/contact.html Technorati Contact Info] for an example.

=== Implied "FN and N" Optimization (proposal) ===

Right now a parser first looks for an "n" element.

And then if no "n" is present, look for an "fn" element to use to imply an "n" element per the "implied n property" rules in the spec.

BACKGROUND:

Due to the prevalence of the use of "nicknames" or "handles" on the Web, in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of reviews), there has been a discussion about adding a "fn" shortcut to the "n" shortcut that used the "nickname" as a fallback.

PROPOSAL:

We should consider adding one more implied optimization after the steps documented above and that is:

If no "fn" is present either, then look for a "nickname" element to use to imply both the "fn", and the "n/given-name", leaving the "n/family-name" as empty.

This would enable "nickname" only hCards for denoting and individual on a website, which is quite common on blogs and reviews published on the Web.
* +1 [[User:Atamido|Atamido]]
* +1 [[User:ChrisMessina|ChrisMessina]] - note: multiple alternate nicknames should also be allowed
* +1 [[User:DimitriGlazkov|DimitriGlazkov]]

== Rejected Suggestions ==

Suggestion: ''The use of class="url" on an <a> tag to represent an hCard URL property is redundant. By virtue of the <a> tag you know this is a URL.''

Rejected. This is a bad suggestion because although it appears to reduce redunancy and keep things cleaner, it also creates a few problems. Without explicitly noting that this is a URL then any <a> tags within a 'vcard' would be considered a URL, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vcard">
...
<ul class="categories">
<li><a href="http://w3c.org">W3C</a></li>
</ul>
...
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

There is no way to "turn-off" the encoding of the W3C URL, whereas if "url" needed to be explicitly listed in the class attribute list, then by NOT listing it you could effectively turn it off.

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC 2426] vCard RFC
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2397 RFC 2397] data URI RFC
* [http://gmpg.org/xmdp/ XMDP]
=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.imc.org/pdi/ Personal Data Interchange (PDI) at the Internet Mail Consortium]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/07.html#d27t1049 Markup language design notes]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2002/12.html#L20021216t2238 A Touch of Class]
* [http://www.icao.int/mrtd/download/technical.cfm ICAO - Machine Readable Travel Documents format]

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

semacode

2007-07-04T21:38:26Z

Bob Jonkman: Added link to (official?) Semacode site

=Semacode=

==Background==

Here is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semacode Semacode] (Semantic barcode) for http://microformats.org/.

Semacodes are a type of barcode, resembling a crossword puzzle. By encoding a website's URL they can be quickly captured with a mobile phone's camera and the site accessed via the phone's web browser.

==Graphic==

http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1400/718713806_748f98dda9.jpg?v=0.png

==Resources==

You may also [http://tinyurl.com/35xcuo see the original] or [http://sohne.net/projects/semafox/ generate your own].

==Uses==
The Semacode can be used on posters, in conference programmes, as the final slide in a power point presentation, on garments - list your uses below.

* ...

==Contributor and license==
* I hereby place this image into the public domain [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]

==References==
* http://semacode.org/ Semacode Web Site

==See also==
{{branding-see-also}}

hcard

2007-06-30T16:40:18Z

Bob Jonkman: More native Wikimedia RFC markup

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of vCard (RFC 2426) properties and values in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

; Editor: [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]
; Authors: [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc], [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

; Acknowledgments: See [[hcard#Inspiration_and_Acknowledgements|acknowledgments]].

Microformats [[hcard#Copyright|copyright]] and [[hcard#Patents|patents]] statements apply.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard (RFC 2426), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard (RFC 2426) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== Root Class Name ===
The root class name for an hCard is "vcard". An element with a class name of "vcard" is itself called an ''hCard''.

=== Properties and Sub-properties ===
The properties of an hCard are represented by elements inside the hCard. Elements with class names of the listed properties represent the values of those properties. Some properties have sub-properties, and those are represented by elements inside the elements for properties.

=== Property List ===
hCard properties (sub-properties in parentheses like this)

'''Required:'''
* '''fn'''
* '''n'''* (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix)
Optional:
* nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel** (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev

=== Property Notes ===
<nowiki>*</nowiki> The 'n' property is optional if any [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|implied 'n' optimization rules]] are in effect.<br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> tel - Authors MAY want to follow the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.123 E.123] standard for writing values of telephone numbers.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===
Singular properties: 'fn', 'n', 'bday', 'tz', 'geo', 'sort-string', 'uid', 'class'. For properties which are singular, the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

All other properties can be plural. Each class instance of such properties creates a new instance of that property.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
The human visible text contents of an element for a property represents the value of that property, with a few exceptions:

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute (if present) of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a more human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===
Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like 'tel'. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>



=== Property Exceptions ===
vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# vCard's '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties are defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC 2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===
If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company, organization or place and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===
Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===
Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===
The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===
Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with [[rel-tag]]. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== type subproperty values ===
The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME,PREF:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em; ">
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, [http://flickr.com/photos/tags/carcellphone/ car], isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati
</div>

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

===Live example===

Here are the WikiMedia Foundation's contact details, as a live hCard which will be detected, on this page, by microformat parsing tools:

<div class="vcard">
<div class="fn org">'''Wikimedia Foundation Inc.'''</div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address">'''200 2nd Ave. South #358'''</div>
<div> <span class="locality">'''St. Petersburg'''</span>, <span class="region">'''FL'''</span> <span class="postal-code">'''33701-4313'''</span></div>
<div class="country-name">'''USA'''</div>
</div>
<div>'''Phone:''' <span class="tel">'''+1-727-231-0101'''</span></div>
<div>'''Email:''' <span class="email">'''info@wikimedia.org'''</span></div>
<div><span class="tel"><span class="type">'''Fax'''</span>''':''' <span class="value">'''+1-727-258-0207'''</span></span></div>
</div>

The mark-up (wrapped, and emboldening omitted, for clarity) used is:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<div class="fn org">Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address">200 2nd Ave. South #358</div>
<div>
<span class="locality">St. Petersburg</span>,
<abbr class="region" title="Florida">FL</abbr> <span class="postal-code">33701-4313</span>
</div>
<div class="country-name">USA</div>
</div>
<div>Phone: <span class="tel">+1-727-231-0101</span></div>
<div>Email: <span class="email">info@wikimedia.org</span></div>
<div>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Fax</span>:
<span class="value">+1-727-258-0207</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

=== More Examples ===
See [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

==Buttons==
You can use these buttons on pages with hCards. See [[buttons#hCard]] for any recent additions.

* http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png (mirror: http://www.davidjanes.com/images/mf_hcard.png)
* http://rbach.priv.at/2006/buttons/hcard.png
* http://www.boogdesign.com/images/buttons/microformat_hcard.png
* CSS-powered button, as evidenced at [http://re-run.com/about/microformat-badges microformat badges @ re-run]

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCard examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a [[hcard-examples-in-wild|separate page]].

See [[hcard-examples-in-wild|hCard Examples in the wild]].

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCard implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a [[hcard-implementations|separate page]].

See [[hcard-implementations|hCard Implementations]].

== Copyright ==
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

== Patents ==
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]
* [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.123-200102-I/en ITU recommendation E.123] format of telephone numbers (chargeable document)

=== Informative References ===
* [[hcard-history|hCard history]]
** [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 2004-09-10]
** [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 2004-09-30]
** Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard 2005-06-20
* [http://www.dante.net/np/ds/osi/9594-6-X.520.A4.ps X.520 in Postscript] ([http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:FjqzsFu4h20J:www.dante.net/np/ds/osi/9594-6-X.520.A4.ps HTMLization courtesy of Google Cache]) - vCard refers to ROLE as being "based on the X.520 Business Category explanatory attribute".
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.123 Wikipedia summary of ITU-T Recommendation E.123] - for "TEL" values.
* [http://www.imc.org/pdi/ Internet Mail Consortium Personal Data Interchange vCard and vCalendar]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ==
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Notes on derivation from vCard ==
This section is ''informative''.

=== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ===
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular and Plural derivations ===
The [[hcard#Singular_vs._Plural_Properties|lists of singular and plural properties]] have been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====
Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* [http://24ways.org/2006/styling-hcards-with-css 24 Ways: Styling hCards with CSS] A 24 Ways article - John Allsopp on styling hCard using CSS
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]
* [http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4770.txt RFC 4770 - Extensions for Instant Messaging]

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

hcard

2007-06-30T16:37:04Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Format */ Used native Wikimedia markup for RFC identifiers

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of vCard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) properties and values in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

; Editor: [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]
; Authors: [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc], [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

; Acknowledgments: See [[hcard#Inspiration_and_Acknowledgements|acknowledgments]].

Microformats [[hcard#Copyright|copyright]] and [[hcard#Patents|patents]] statements apply.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard (RFC 2426) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== Root Class Name ===
The root class name for an hCard is "vcard". An element with a class name of "vcard" is itself called an ''hCard''.

=== Properties and Sub-properties ===
The properties of an hCard are represented by elements inside the hCard. Elements with class names of the listed properties represent the values of those properties. Some properties have sub-properties, and those are represented by elements inside the elements for properties.

=== Property List ===
hCard properties (sub-properties in parentheses like this)

'''Required:'''
* '''fn'''
* '''n'''* (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix)
Optional:
* nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel** (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev

=== Property Notes ===
<nowiki>*</nowiki> The 'n' property is optional if any [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|implied 'n' optimization rules]] are in effect.<br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> tel - Authors MAY want to follow the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.123 E.123] standard for writing values of telephone numbers.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===
Singular properties: 'fn', 'n', 'bday', 'tz', 'geo', 'sort-string', 'uid', 'class'. For properties which are singular, the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

All other properties can be plural. Each class instance of such properties creates a new instance of that property.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
The human visible text contents of an element for a property represents the value of that property, with a few exceptions:

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute (if present) of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a more human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the 'photo' property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===
Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like 'tel'. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>



=== Property Exceptions ===
vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# vCard's '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties are defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC 2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===
If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company, organization or place and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===
Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===
Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===
The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===
Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with [[rel-tag]]. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== type subproperty values ===
The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME,PREF:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em; ">
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, [http://flickr.com/photos/tags/carcellphone/ car], isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati
</div>

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

===Live example===

Here are the WikiMedia Foundation's contact details, as a live hCard which will be detected, on this page, by microformat parsing tools:

<div class="vcard">
<div class="fn org">'''Wikimedia Foundation Inc.'''</div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address">'''200 2nd Ave. South #358'''</div>
<div> <span class="locality">'''St. Petersburg'''</span>, <span class="region">'''FL'''</span> <span class="postal-code">'''33701-4313'''</span></div>
<div class="country-name">'''USA'''</div>
</div>
<div>'''Phone:''' <span class="tel">'''+1-727-231-0101'''</span></div>
<div>'''Email:''' <span class="email">'''info@wikimedia.org'''</span></div>
<div><span class="tel"><span class="type">'''Fax'''</span>''':''' <span class="value">'''+1-727-258-0207'''</span></span></div>
</div>

The mark-up (wrapped, and emboldening omitted, for clarity) used is:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<div class="fn org">Wikimedia Foundation Inc.</div>
<div class="adr">
<div class="street-address">200 2nd Ave. South #358</div>
<div>
<span class="locality">St. Petersburg</span>,
<abbr class="region" title="Florida">FL</abbr> <span class="postal-code">33701-4313</span>
</div>
<div class="country-name">USA</div>
</div>
<div>Phone: <span class="tel">+1-727-231-0101</span></div>
<div>Email: <span class="email">info@wikimedia.org</span></div>
<div>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Fax</span>:
<span class="value">+1-727-258-0207</span></span>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

=== More Examples ===
See [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

==Buttons==
You can use these buttons on pages with hCards. See [[buttons#hCard]] for any recent additions.

* http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png (mirror: http://www.davidjanes.com/images/mf_hcard.png)
* http://rbach.priv.at/2006/buttons/hcard.png
* http://www.boogdesign.com/images/buttons/microformat_hcard.png
* CSS-powered button, as evidenced at [http://re-run.com/about/microformat-badges microformat badges @ re-run]

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCard examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a [[hcard-examples-in-wild|separate page]].

See [[hcard-examples-in-wild|hCard Examples in the wild]].

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCard implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a [[hcard-implementations|separate page]].

See [[hcard-implementations|hCard Implementations]].

== Copyright ==
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

== Patents ==
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]
* [http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.123-200102-I/en ITU recommendation E.123] format of telephone numbers (chargeable document)

=== Informative References ===
* [[hcard-history|hCard history]]
** [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 2004-09-10]
** [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 2004-09-30]
** Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard 2005-06-20
* [http://www.dante.net/np/ds/osi/9594-6-X.520.A4.ps X.520 in Postscript] ([http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:FjqzsFu4h20J:www.dante.net/np/ds/osi/9594-6-X.520.A4.ps HTMLization courtesy of Google Cache]) - vCard refers to ROLE as being "based on the X.520 Business Category explanatory attribute".
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.123 Wikipedia summary of ITU-T Recommendation E.123] - for "TEL" values.
* [http://www.imc.org/pdi/ Internet Mail Consortium Personal Data Interchange vCard and vCalendar]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ==
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Notes on derivation from vCard ==
This section is ''informative''.

=== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ===
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular and Plural derivations ===
The [[hcard#Singular_vs._Plural_Properties|lists of singular and plural properties]] have been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====
Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* [http://24ways.org/2006/styling-hcards-with-css 24 Ways: Styling hCards with CSS] A 24 Ways article - John Allsopp on styling hCard using CSS
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]
* [http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4770.txt RFC 4770 - Extensions for Instant Messaging]

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

genealogy-formats

2007-02-09T15:58:16Z

Bob Jonkman: /* GEDCOM */ Microformat re-use; date difficulties

firefox-extensions

2007-01-06T03:35:24Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Operator */ Operator bug is already fixed

A list of extensions for the [http://www.mozilla.com/ FireFox web browser], which detect or extract microformats.

==Operator==
*[https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/4106/ Operator] - see also [http://labs.mozilla.com/2006/12/introducing-operator Mozilla Labs Operator announcement]; [http://www.kaply.com/weblog/index.html Operator author's blog]
**<s>Bug: [https://www2.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3488289&postID=952454745445946731 new links (from other apps) are opened in new Firefox windows rather than new tabs.]</s>
*** Fixed: See [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-05#T173801 IRC conversation of 2006-01-05] (fixed code not yet released)
**Bug: [https://www2.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=3488289&postID=952454745445946731 tab bar is hidden when only one tab open]
**Not implemented: fn optimization

==Tails==
*[http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension-03/ Tails]
**[http://code.google.com/p/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails on Google Code]

==Tails Export==
*[https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2240/ Tails Export]
**'''Not yet compatible with FireFox 2.0+'''

==Firefox developments==

Mozilla are "brainstorming" developments for Firefox 3.0 and beyond, and have [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Firefox/Feature_Brainstorming:Microformat_Handling a page on microformat handling]

==See also==
*[[bookmarklets]]
*[[greasemonkey]] - a powerful tool for customizing Firefox.
*[https://addons.mozilla.org/search.php?app=firefox&q=RSS RSS extensions] - for viewing hAtom feeds via third-party converters

press

2007-01-05T19:55:31Z

Bob Jonkman: Information Week article of 2007-01-03

__NOTOC__
<h1> Press </h1>

This page documents the press that [[microformats]] has received. See also microformats [[screencasts]], [[presentations]], [[podcasts]], and [[books]].

==Ongoing==
* [http://www.google.com/custom?domains=programmableweb.com&q=microformats&sitesearch=programmableweb.com Search for 'microformats' at programmableweb.com]
== 2007 ==

=== January ===

* [http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2007/01/firefox_3_from.html Firefox 3: From HTML Renderer To Information Broker] by Mitch Wagner, Information Week. Discusses the implications of native microformat support in Firefox (2007-01-03)

== 2006 ==

=== December ===
* [http://24ways.org/2006/styling-hcards-with-css 24 Ways: Styling hCards with CSS] The 24 Ways article for December 14 is John Allsopp's article on styling hCard using CSS (2006-12-14).

=== November ===
* [http://accessify.com/news/2006/11/html-mastery/ Accessify.com announce ''HTML Mastery''] a new book by Paul Haine, with a chapter on microformats (2006-11-27).
* [http://www.netmag.co.uk .Net magazine (UK)], cover date December 2006, has tutorial on microformats, by Rachel Andrew (tutorial not available on-line)
* [http://www.ascii.co.jp/books/magazines/macpeople.shtml MacPeople], a paper magazine about Macintosh in Japan, contained an article about microformats on its 12/2006 issue, written by [http://nobi.com/nobilog/ Nobuyuki Hayashi].
* Cover story in iX 11/2006 p. 62-65: [http://www.heise.de/ix/artikel/2006/11/062/ Mehrwert-Markup] (German: additional value markup)
* [http://www.architecturejournal.net/2006/issue8/F5_Patterns/default.aspx Patterns for High-Integrity Data Consumption and Composition], in "The Architecture Journal", an online journal of web architecture published by Microsoft, mentions microformats as a way to maintain high data fidelity in loosely coupled, highly federated systems. "The considerable variety of data these days includes an extensive array of XML-based formats, as well as increasingly widespread, lighter weight data formats such as the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) and microformats."

=== October ===
* [http://weblog.infoworld.com/techwatch/archives/008472.html INFOWORLD TECH WATCH: "Bloggers speak out on IE 7"] - published: October 20, 2006. Mention/discussion of microformats by Tantek Çelik and Kristopher Tate.
* Practical Web Design, October 2006 issue, "Microformats" article by Rachel Andrews
* W3C [http://www.w3.org/2006/10/grddl-pressrelease Press Release] GRDDL Spec

=== September ===
* ...

=== August ===
* [http://digital-web.com/articles/the_big_picture_on_microformats/ The Big Picture on microformats] - who's doing what with microformats right now - by John Allsopp - Published August 28th, 2006.
* [http://www.thinkvitamin.com/features/design/how-to-use-microformats Add microformats magic to your site] by John Allsopp - Published August 25th, 2006.

=== July ===
* [http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1526 Knowledge at Wharton: Tantek Çelik and Rohit Khare: The Progress and the Promise of Microformats] - Published: July 20, 2006
=== June ===
* [http://devzone.zend.com/node/view/id/584 Microformats, PHP and hKit], from devzone.zend.com, a PHP developer resource, 28th June.
* [http://www.mercurytide.com/knowledge/white-papers/microformats Building a more semantic web with microformats], from Mercurytide, 20th June.
=== May ===
* [http://www.devsource.com/article2/0,1895,1961106,00.asp DevSource: An Developer's Introduction to Microformats by Phil Haack, May 11.]
** See also Phil Haack's [http://haacked.com/archive/2006/05/11/IntroductionToMicroformatsArticle.aspx blog post about the article].
=== April ===
=== March ===
* (need to backfill these - there were a bunch and I think we simply forgot to add them in)
=== February ===
* [http://book.mycom.co.jp/wd/ Web Designing], a popular paper magazine for web industry in Japan, contained an article about microformats on its 03/2006 issue.
* [http://www.release1-0.com/freshproduce/newideas_socialtime.cfm Release 1.0 / Ideas / New Ideas that Matter: Time as a social object], February 16. Video interviews composite, including a bit on microformats.
* [http://2006.sxsw.com/interactive/web_awards/finalists/ SXSW 2006 Web Awards Finalists], February 3rd. [http://microformats.org microformats.org] is a finalist in the "Technical Achievement" category for "the sites that are re-inventing and re-defining the technical parameters of our online experience".
=== January ===
* [http://code.google.com/webstats/index.html Google Web Authoring Statistics, January 20]
*# The home page of the study "[http://code.google.com/webstats/index.html Web Authoring Statistics]" itself both mentions “microformats.org” and links to http://microformats.org .
*# The "[http://code.google.com/webstats/2005-12/pageheaders.html Page Headers]” page notes that the [http://gmpg.org/xfn/ XFN] microformat is the most popular HTML metadata profile: “…people do use the profile attribute, though. The three most-often used values are http://gmpg.org/xfn/1, http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/, and http://gmpg.org/xfn/11. This makes XFN the most popular HTML metadata profile!”
*# The “[http://code.google.com/webstats/2005-12/element-a.html a element]” page found that three of the most popular ‘rel’ attribute values were microformats: #1 [[rel-nofollow]], #2 [[rel-license]], #5 [[rel-tag]].
* [http://www.philoneist.com/50226711/interview_with_technorati_marketing_director_derek_gordon.php Philoneist: Interview With Technorati Marketing Director Derek Gordon by Jonathan G. Cohen, January 11]
* [http://www.kbcafe.com/iBLOGthere4iM/?guid=20060101232742 #2 on the list of Best Web 2.0 Blogs, January 2]

== 2005 ==
=== December ===
* [http://www.publish.com/article2/0,1759,1904359,00.asp Publish: Year in Review: CSS, Standards, Microformats and Flash, By Stephen Bryant, December 21]
* [http://www.primezone.com/newsroom/news.html?d=91118 Newswire: Structured Blogging to support microformats, December 13th]
* [http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8731 Linux Journal: Syndication and the Live Web Economy, By Doc Searls, December 9]
=== November ===
* [http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=349&page=4 ACM Queue: A Conversation with Ray Ozzie, ACM Queue vol. 3, no. 9 - November 2005]
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer by Garrett Dimon, November 14, 2005]
=== October ===
* [http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/10/19/microformats-and-web-2.0.html XML.com: Microformats and Web 2.0 by Micah Dubinko, October 19, 2005]
=== September ===
* [http://channel9.msdn.com/Showpost.aspx?postid=118325 Channel 9: Interview at PDC] - Robert Scoble interviews Tantek Çelik briefly on web standards, IE, and microformats.

=== July ===
* [http://www.acm.org/technews/articles/2005-7/0722f.html#item12 ACM News Service - Volume 7, Issue 819: Friday, July 22, 2005]
* [http://lists.ssc.com/pipermail/suitwatch/2005-July/000090.html Linux Journal: SuitWatch -- July 21 -- by Doc Searls, Senior Editor of Linux Journal: Making More Sense of the Web]
* [http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/index.cfm?fa=viewArticle&id=1247&specialId=38 Knowledge at Wharton: Supernova 2005: It's a Whole New, Connected World: What's the Next Big Thing on the Web? It May Be a Small, Simple Thing -- Microformats]
** Simplified Chinese: <http://knowledge2.wharton.com.cn//index.cfm?fa=article&articleid=1203&specialid=58&languageid=4>
** Traditional Chinese: <http://knowledge2.wharton.com.cn//index.cfm?fa=article&articleid=1203&specialid=58&l=4&languageid=5>
** Original english version: <http://knowledge2.wharton.com.cn//index.cfm?fa=article&articleid=1203&specialid=58&languageid=1>
=== June ===
* [http://news.com.com/2030-12-5745034.html#microformats CNET News.com: Supernova 2005 blogcast] - David Weinberger interviews Tantek Çelik and Rohit Khare about microformats and [http://microformats.org/ microformats.org].
** [http://blog.blogcast2005.silkclips.com/clipView?http://silkblogs.com/FindResource/EC139870-22E5-F208-70FA-BC437BD64420/celik-khave-full.mov Watch the full interview with Rohit Khare & Tantek Çelik (22:21 minutes)]
* Golem: [http://www.golem.de/0506/38831.html microformats.org - Formate für Menschen und Maschinen] (German: microformats.org - Formats for humans and machines)

=== March ===
* [http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/03/23/deviant.html XML.com: What Are Microformats?]

irc-people

2007-01-05T07:28:19Z

Bob Jonkman: Added myself

A list of [[irc|IRC]] regulars sorted by nick and their normal timezones (winter/summer).

* [[User:Adam Craven|AdamCraven]] (+0000)
* [[User:Amette|amette]] (+1000)
* [[User:B.K._DeLong|bkdelong]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:Ben Ward|BenWard]] (+0000)
* [[User:BenjaminCarlyle|BenjaminCarlyle]] (+1000)
* [[User:BenWest|bewest]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Bob Jonkman|BobJonkman]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:Boneill|boneill]] (+0000)
* [[User:Brian|briansuda]] (+0000)
* [[User:ColinDDevroe|cdevroe]] (-0500/-0600)
* [[User:Cgriego|cgriego]] (-0600/-0500)
* [[User:CharlesRoper|charles_r]] (0000/+0100)
* [[User:ChrisCasciano|pnhChris]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:ChrisMessina|factoryjoe]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:ChristopherStJohn|cks]] (-0600/-0500)
* [[User:Cloud|Cloud]] (+0000)
* [[User:Csarven|csarven]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:DanC|DanC]] (-0600/-0500)
** office hours: Wednesday afternoons, America/Chicago time
* [[User:DannyAyers|danja]] (+0100/+0200)
* [[User:Dave Cardwell|davecardwell]] (+0000)
* [[User:DeanEro|deanero]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:DimitriGlazkov|dglazkov]] (-0600/-0500)
* [[User:DrewMcLellan|drewinthehead]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:EdwardOConnor|hober]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Enric|enric]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Evan|evanpro]] (-0500)
* [[User:Fil|Fil]] (+0200)
* [[User:Grantbow|Grantbow]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Hlb|hlb]] (+0800-0700)
* [[User:IanHickson|Hixie]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Izo|IZO]]
* [[User:JamieKnight|jammie_]] (+1000/0000)
* [[User:JoeGregorio|jcgregorio]]
* [[User:Jonathan_Arkell|jonnay]] (-0700/0600)
* [[User:JasonK|jkridner]]] (-0600/-0500)
* [[User:Kapowaz|kapowaz]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:Keri Henare|kerihenare]] (+1200)
* [http://epeus.blogspot.com/ KevinMarks] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Lachlan Hunt|Lachy]] (+1000/+1100)
* [[User:Mark Mansour|Mark Mansour]] (+1100)
* [[User:MarkNormanFrancis|Mark Norman Francis]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:CiaranMc|McNulty]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:SteveIvy|monkinetic/redmonk]] (-0700)
* [[User:neuro|neuro`]]
* [[User:NTollervey|ntoll]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:Phae|Phae]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:PriitLaes|plaes]] (+0200/+0300)
* [[User:DavidOsolkowski|qid]] (-0500)
* [[User:Remi|Remi]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:RobertBachmann|RobertBachmann]] (+0100/+0200)
** Office hours: <del>Wednesday, 18:00-20:00 UTC</del> (Currently no office hours)
* [[User:Ronnos|Ron Kok]] (+0000)
* [[User:RyanKing|kingryan]] (-0800/-0700)
** [http://theryanking.com/blog/archives/2006/04/19/office-hours/ Office hours]: Wednesday, 21:00 UTC
* [[User:Dana Benson|Snowden]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Steve Ganz|SteveGanz]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Trovster|trovster]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Tyler|Tyler Roehmholdt]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Vant|vant]] (+0900)
* [[User:Veeliam|William Lawrence]] (-0800/-0700)

== unsorted ==
* [[User:Dan Kubb|dkubb]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Ed Summers|edsu]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:Smackman|Steve Farrell]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Enric|Enric]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Charlvn|Charl]] (+0200/+0200)
* [[User:MarkoMrdjenovic|friedcell]] (+0100/+0200)
* [[User:KrissWatt|VoodooChild]] (+0000/+0100)
* [[User:IwaiMasaharu|iwaim]] (+0900)
* [[User:Richard Conyard|WhiskeyM]] (+0000)
* [[User:Ianloic|yakk]] (-0800/-0700)
* [[User:Ashley|Ashley]] (+1000)
* [[User:SuperPhly|SuperPhly]] (-600/-500)
* [[User:Colin_Barrett|cbarrett]] (-1000)
* [[User:HenriBergius|bergie]] (+0200/+0300)
* [[User:JacksonWilkinson|whafro]] (-0500/-0400)
* [[User:Adactio|Jeremy Keith]] (+0000)
* [[User:JulianStahnke|Julian Stahnke]] (+0000)

hcard

2007-01-04T23:17:42Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Property Notes */ An even cooler picture of a non-cellular car phone

include-pattern-feedback

2007-01-03T19:39:13Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Parsing for include-pattern */ Link to IRC of 2007-01-03

= Include Pattern Feedback =

Feedback about [[include-pattern]].

== Objects and Browser Behavior ==

Over at Yahoo! Local, we were using the object include pattern for all our hReviews on business detail pages and review listings. That is, until we realized that Safari and Internet Explorer both try to embed the entire page with every OBJECT call. (Firefox correctly recognizes that it's a local object and doesn't reload anything.)

On a page with 20+ reviews, this means a substantial increase in load time and memory consumption. As a result of this (bad) browser behavior, we removed the objects entirely.

Any suggestions for workarounds or modifications to the pattern?

-- AndyBaio 29 Jun 2006

Can you use the hyperlink option with DHMTL/Ajax to perform replacements in advanced browsers? (Simon Willison's <code>[http://simon.incutio.com/archive/2003/03/25/getElementsBySelector getElementsBySelector()]</code> may be helpful)
<a href="#id" class="include" title=""></a>
with something like:
//Works only for linked include-pattern definition at microformats.org
//Requires Simon Willison's getElementsBySelector()
// and normal IE workaround for addEventListener()
addEventListener( window, 'load', function() {
var myIncludes = document.getElementsBySelector( 'a[href].include' ), a, e;
for( var i=0; a=myIncludes[i]; i++ ) if (a.href.charAt(0)=='#') {
e = document.getElementsBySelector( a.href )[0].cloneNode( true );
a.parentNode.replaceChild( e, a );
}
})
--[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 00:51, 23 Oct 2006 (PDT)

My hResume page [http://robert.o-rourke.org seen here] caused Safari <ins>2.0</ins> some major issues. The page was jumping between object elements when a link was hovered eventually causing the browser to crash. You can follow the thread on the [http://www.mail-archive.com/listdad%40webstandardsgroup.org/msg06078.html WSG mail archive].

It seems that while the object element may be more semantically appropriate it <del>is not</del> <ins>may not be</ins> usable in lieu of the issues raised in Safari.

--[[User:SanchoTheFat|Robert O'Rourke]] 12:08, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

Which version of Safari? Please be specific as many Safari OBJECT bugs were fixed in Safari 2.x.

-- [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 13:39, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

== Hyperlink Include - Screen Reader Testing ==

Some [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-July/004693.html concerns have been raised] over the implications using empty hyperlinks may have on assistive devices such as screen readers. One concern is that an empty link may be read out, partially read out or result in some other confusing scenario for the user.

In response, a [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] consisting of a number of empty hyperlinks in the style suggested by the pattern has been created. A 'good' result is that none of the links be read out.

=== Test Results: JAWS 7.0 with Firefox 1.5/Win ===

Tested by [[User:Phae|Frances Berriman]] 2006-07-21.

* 31 dash include dash Mozilla Firefox
* Page has no links
* 31 dash include

Conclusion: the hyperlink include pattern presented no usability issues for this screen reader.

=== Proprietary attribute ===
HTML tidy on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] gives:
:Warning: <a> proprietary attribute "data"

The [http://validator.w3.org/check?verbose=1&uri=http%3A%2F%2Fallinthehead.com%2Fdemo%2Finclude.html W3C validator is similarly unimpressed].

[[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 14:22, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==== Use href ====
To clarify, links on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] should be changed to use the <code>href</code> attribute as described at [[include-pattern]] (without <code>href</code> attributes, the elements probably won't register as hyperlinks, but anchors). Set <code>title=""</code> to fix empty link behavior for many assistive devices. --[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 23:31, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==== Test page corrected ====
2006-10-25: This error has been corrected on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page]. Any tests should probably be re-run in light of this.

== Unclear status ==

It's not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]], whether this is an agreed standard, a draft, or just a proposal. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 03:14, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

* [[include-pattern]] is not its own proposal, draft, or spec. It is a design pattern, as listed on the [[Main_Page|wiki home page]] that is included in other proposals, drafts. and specs. ''Recommend for adding to the [[include-pattern-faq]].
**And that is not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]]. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 16:40, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)
***ACCEPTED. Will further clarify relationship between patterns and formats. [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 16:48, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==Parsing for include-pattern==

''Note: this issue is obsolete. On a [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-03#T165528 IRC conversation 2007-01-03], Mike Kaply admitted that he figured this out, which is to apply all includes first into the parse tree before looking for any properties. -Tantek''

''To be more specific, what finally occurred to me is that the object pattern is simply about grabbing nodes from another vcard and using them in this vcard. So the implementor responsibility is just to clone the dom node from the other vcard and replace the object with the corresponding nodes. Works great. (of course I also had to clone the entire vcard since I can't manipulate the DOM like that without changing the page) -mkaply''

In an [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-02#T205847 IRC discussion] with [http://www.kaply.com/weblog/ Mike Kaply] (author of the [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/4106/ Operator] extension for Firefox) we discussed the difficulty of parsing for an [[include-pattern]] in [[hresume|hResume]]. Mike asks:
<blockquote>I'm really wondering why the <code>object</code> stuff doesn't point back to the entire vCard. I don't understand why the spec has it point to individual items.</blockquote>
The problem was thought to be a weakness in the specification, which doesn't specify what part of the data is in the content that is pointed to by the <code>object</code>.

Currently, to overcome this a parser needs to follow this logic:
::IF I don't find an <code>fn</code>, look for an <code>object</code>. IF there is an <code>object</code>, do a <code>getelementbyid</code> on that <code>ID</code>, but yet there was nothing about that <code>object</code> that said that the content I was looking for in the other card was an <code>fn</code>

Two things may help in overcoming this difficulty:

# Change the spec to have the include-pattern reference the entire vCard, with the intent that any data not found in this vCard use the other vCard
# Include the element of the reference, where the class attribute on <code><object></code> has "include" plus the element that needs to be included. For example:
<pre><nowiki><object
class="include fn" data="#vcard-name">myname</object> </nowiki></pre>

Additionally, I pointed out that using the <code><object></code> element to contain the reference makes Microsoft's Internet Explorer throw an error "Your current security settings prohibit ActiveX controls on this page. As a result, the page may not display correctly." Of course, there is no ActiveX content on an include-pattern.

[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 21:15, 2 Jan 2007 (PST)

User:Bob Jonkman

2007-01-03T05:51:14Z

Bob Jonkman: Bob Jonkman's hcard

include-pattern-feedback

2007-01-03T05:15:25Z

Bob Jonkman: Difficulty in parsing for include-pattern

= Include Pattern Feedback =

Feedback about [[include-pattern]].

== Objects and Browser Behavior ==

Over at Yahoo! Local, we were using the object include pattern for all our hReviews on business detail pages and review listings. That is, until we realized that Safari and Internet Explorer both try to embed the entire page with every OBJECT call. (Firefox correctly recognizes that it's a local object and doesn't reload anything.)

On a page with 20+ reviews, this means a substantial increase in load time and memory consumption. As a result of this (bad) browser behavior, we removed the objects entirely.

Any suggestions for workarounds or modifications to the pattern?

-- AndyBaio 29 Jun 2006

Can you use the hyperlink option with DHMTL/Ajax to perform replacements in advanced browsers? (Simon Willison's <code>[http://simon.incutio.com/archive/2003/03/25/getElementsBySelector getElementsBySelector()]</code> may be helpful)
<a href="#id" class="include" title=""></a>
with something like:
//Works only for linked include-pattern definition at microformats.org
//Requires Simon Willison's getElementsBySelector()
// and normal IE workaround for addEventListener()
addEventListener( window, 'load', function() {
var myIncludes = document.getElementsBySelector( 'a[href].include' ), a, e;
for( var i=0; a=myIncludes[i]; i++ ) if (a.href.charAt(0)=='#') {
e = document.getElementsBySelector( a.href )[0].cloneNode( true );
a.parentNode.replaceChild( e, a );
}
})
--[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 00:51, 23 Oct 2006 (PDT)

My hResume page [http://robert.o-rourke.org seen here] caused Safari <ins>2.0</ins> some major issues. The page was jumping between object elements when a link was hovered eventually causing the browser to crash. You can follow the thread on the [http://www.mail-archive.com/listdad%40webstandardsgroup.org/msg06078.html WSG mail archive].

It seems that while the object element may be more semantically appropriate it <del>is not</del> <ins>may not be</ins> usable in lieu of the issues raised in Safari.

--[[User:SanchoTheFat|Robert O'Rourke]] 12:08, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

Which version of Safari? Please be specific as many Safari OBJECT bugs were fixed in Safari 2.x.

-- [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 13:39, 3 Nov 2006 (PST)

== Hyperlink Include - Screen Reader Testing ==

Some [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/2006-July/004693.html concerns have been raised] over the implications using empty hyperlinks may have on assistive devices such as screen readers. One concern is that an empty link may be read out, partially read out or result in some other confusing scenario for the user.

In response, a [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] consisting of a number of empty hyperlinks in the style suggested by the pattern has been created. A 'good' result is that none of the links be read out.

=== Test Results: JAWS 7.0 with Firefox 1.5/Win ===

Tested by [[User:Phae|Frances Berriman]] 2006-07-21.

* 31 dash include dash Mozilla Firefox
* Page has no links
* 31 dash include

Conclusion: the hyperlink include pattern presented no usability issues for this screen reader.

=== Proprietary attribute ===
HTML tidy on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] gives:
:Warning: <a> proprietary attribute "data"

The [http://validator.w3.org/check?verbose=1&uri=http%3A%2F%2Fallinthehead.com%2Fdemo%2Finclude.html W3C validator is similarly unimpressed].

[[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 14:22, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==== Use href ====
To clarify, links on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page] should be changed to use the <code>href</code> attribute as described at [[include-pattern]] (without <code>href</code> attributes, the elements probably won't register as hyperlinks, but anchors). Set <code>title=""</code> to fix empty link behavior for many assistive devices. --[[User:RichHall|RichHall]] 23:31, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==== Test page corrected ====
2006-10-25: This error has been corrected on the [http://allinthehead.com/demo/include.html test page]. Any tests should probably be re-run in light of this.

== Unclear status ==

It's not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]], whether this is an agreed standard, a draft, or just a proposal. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 03:14, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

* [[include-pattern]] is not its own proposal, draft, or spec. It is a design pattern, as listed on the [[Main_Page|wiki home page]] that is included in other proposals, drafts. and specs. ''Recommend for adding to the [[include-pattern-faq]].
**And that is not clear, either from the main Wiki page or [[include-pattern]]. [[User:AndyMabbett|AndyMabbett]] 16:40, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)
***ACCEPTED. Will further clarify relationship between patterns and formats. [[User:Tantek|Tantek]] 16:48, 18 Oct 2006 (PDT)

==Parsing for include-pattern==

In an [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2007-01-02#T205847 IRC discussion] with [http://www.kaply.com/weblog/ Mike Kaply] (author of the [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/4106/ Operator] extension for Firefox) we discusssed the difficulty of parsing for an [[include-pattern]] in hResume. Mike asks: <blockquote>I'm really wondering why the object stuff doesn't point back to the entire vcard. I don't understand why the spec has it
point to individual items.</blockquote> The problem was thought to be a weakness in the specification, which doesn't specify what part of the data is in the content that is pointed to by the object.

Currently, to overcome this a parser needs to follow this logic: <blockquote>IF I don't find an fn, look for an object. IF there is an object, do a getelementbyid on that ID, but yet there was nothing about that object that said that the content I was looking for in the other card was an fn </blockquote>

Two things may help in overcoming this difficulty:

# Change the spec to have the include-pattern reference the entire vCard, with the intent that any data not found in this vCard use the other vCard
# Include the element of the reference, where the class attribute on <object> has "include" plus the element that needs to be included. For example:
<pre><nowiki><object
class="include fn" data="#vcard-name">myname</object> </nowiki></pre>

Additionally, I pointed out that using the <object> element to contain the reference makes Microsoft's Internet Explorer throw an error "Your current security settings prohibit ActiveX controls on this page. As a result, the page may not display correctly." Of course, there is no ActiveX content on an include-pattern.

[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 21:15, 2 Jan 2007 (PST)

namespaces-considered-harmful

2006-12-09T05:59:25Z

Bob Jonkman: /* See Also */ Provided text for external links

= namespaces considered harmful =

(This article is a stub, feel free to expand upon it)

The mixed namespace approach has already been tried by *numerous* others since 1998 and has failed on the Web.
* [http://blog.davidjanes.com/:entry:davidjanes-2005-10-04-0000/ XML - what is it good for? by David Janes]
* [http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2004/07/21/dive.html XML on the Web has Failed by Mark Pilgrim]
* [http://microformats.org/blog/2006/01/09/tim-bray-on-creating-xml-dialects/ Tim Bray on creating XML dialects]

On the other hand, XHTML + [[semantic-class-names]] has seen widespread adoption among the web authoring/design/IA/publishing community. Microformats is leveraging the approach that is both working better and frankly dominating in practice on the Web.

Namespaces are actually a *huge* negative. Search for:
* [http://www.google.com/search?q=namespaces%20Tower%20of%20Babel namespaces Tower of Babel]
* [http://www.google.com/search?q=namespaces+syntactic+vinegar namespaces syntactic vinegar]

Namespaces are actually *not* well supported in sufficient modern browsers, nor even sufficiently with enough W3C technologies or test suites as compared to [[semantic-xhtml|(X)HTML]] + [[semantic-class-names]] + CSS.

Namespaces encourage people to seclude themselves in their own namespace and invent their own schema rather than reusing existing elements in existing formats. This hurts interoperability because a dozen different namespaces can all have their own slightly different semantics for the same element. See [http://esw.w3.org/topic/BuildOrBuyTerms BuildOrBuy] for support for this argument, specifically
<blockquote>Use somebody elses rather than making aliases on purpose. It's one thing to make your own and then discover that there's something equivalent out there. It's quite another to willfully clutter the semantic web with aliases; the latter increases the burden on the community of consuming your data, so it's anti-social.</blockquote>

If you start thinking about the web in terms of OOP and polymorphism, namespaces break the polymorphic model that allows you handle widely varied data structures using the same methods.

== See Also ==

* [[plain-old-xml-considered-harmful]]
* [[microformats-easier-than-xml]]
* [[semantic-xhtml]]
* [[semantic-class-names]]
* [http://esw.w3.org/topic/VocabularyMarket|W3 ESW Wiki: VocabularyMarket]
* [http://esw.w3.org/topic/BuildOrBuyTerms|W3 ESW Wiki: BuildOrBuyTerms]

hcard-faq

2006-11-24T07:37:25Z

Bob Jonkman: /* How do you markup a phone extension */ Reference to RFC3966, changed type to 'work' (cell numbers don't have extensions)

<h1> hCard FAQ </h1>

This page is for documenting Q&A about [[hcard|hCard]]. If you have a new question to ask, Please consider first asking your question on the [http://microformats.org/mailman/listinfo/microformats-discuss/ microformats-discuss] list.

<h2> Q&A </h2>

=== Should I use ADDRESS for hCards ===
''Should I use the more semantic <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element for my hCards?''
* Yes the <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element is more semantic, but it is ''too'' specifically semantic for most hCard uses. The poorly named <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element really means <contact-info-for-this-web-page>. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.5.6 HTML4 definition of the ADDRESS element] says it is used "to supply contact information for a document or a major part of a document such as a form." Therefore <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> should be used for an hCard ONLY IF that hCard represents the contact information for the page or major part thereof. One example of such a usage is on [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek's blog]. Another way of saying this is the following two statements: Every <address> on a page SHOULD be an hCard. But not every hCard should be an <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code>. <br /> In short, '''DO NOT''' use <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> to markup addresses in general. Only use it to markup the contact information for the page (or major part thereof), and when doing so, use it to markup ''the entire'' contact information (via <address class="vcard">), not just the address of the contact.

=== Why is url property necessary ===
''Why is it necessary to put class name "url" on URL elements in the hCard when those hyperlinks already start with "http://", and that is enough to distinguish them from email links?''
* The classname "url" is necessary to explicitly distinguish hyperlinks that are URL elements for the hCard, from other hyperlinks that may be related to the item or otherwise in the same containing element but should not be included in the hCard. Common links that may appear in the document but not be contact information are action related links (download data, add to friends list, etc.) contact hyperlinks (email, internal site messaging, autodialers), as well as hyperlinks to photos, or other random hyperlinks that happen to be inside the hCard.

=== How do I support an existing vCard URL ===
''I already have a vCard that I keep up-to-date. I don't want to change any references to it because it might break something else, what can I do?''
* You can use .HTACCESS to rewrite links to your vCard to a webservice that converts a page to the vCard dynamically, to do this you need to add something similar to your .htaccess file
<pre>
RewriteRule ^path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php\?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

Now you shouldn't have to do anything else, all links to the "old.vcf" are redirected to the webservice and will return a new vCard that is dynamially generated from your page.

I think that using 'Redirect' is better than using mod_rewrite (is not enabled on some hosts) --Robert Bachmann
<pre>
Redirect /path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

=== What are plural hCard properties ===
''Is there a list of all hCard properties which can be plural?''<br />
''Is there a list of all the properties which can have multiple instances?''
* There is the [[hcard#Property_List|list of hCard properties]], and the list of [[hcard#Singular_properties|singular hCard properties]]. Everything that is not singular is plural. This list was presented explicitly (after much analysis of RFC2426) because it was too hard to read RFC2426 and reliably grok which properties were singular vs. plural.

Old previous answer:
* We have avoided *duplicating* (or providing a shortcut for) the "can this property occur multiple times or not" deliberately in order to avoid repeating a constraint from RFC 2426 vCard, and thus potentially getting it wrong. Here is the way to determine whether or not a particular property can occur multiple times (is a plural property / may have multiple instances or values).
* Check the [[hcard-profile|hCard XMDP profile]] for the property definition.
* If the property definition references a plural form in RFC 2426 (e.g. honorific-suffix references honorific suffixes), then the property is a plural property.
* Else go check the referenced section in RFC 2426 which should state explicitly whether or not the property is plural or singular.
* Else (if RFC 2426 is *not* explicit) then the property is plural.

=== What does FN stand for ===

''What does FN stand for?''
* FN stands for "Formatted Name." From Section 3.1.1 of the RFC:
<blockquote>Type purpose: To specify the formatted text corresponding to the name of the object the vCard represents.</blockquote>
* The reasoning behind this seems to be that, while N gives us a structured name, FN gives us the human-readable, formatted name which is assembled from its structured parts in a culturally dependant way.

=== How is gender represented ===
''How do you represent gender in hCard?''
* There is no GENDER property in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]. [[hcard|hCard]] is following the schema from vCard for interoperability reasons. If you want, it is possible to represent gender implicitly in the honorific-prefix field, e.g. Mr. for male, and Ms. for female:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
</nowiki></pre>
or
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Ms.</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note that there is also a [http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/properties/vcard_name.asp page on MSDN that mentions vCard and "gender"]. Not sure what to make of that.

Gender could be represented with a [[genealogy-formats|genealogical microformat]], but that seems like overkill.

Instead, keep it simple! Just use tags/categories to tag people's hCards with their gender, "male", "female", or any other tag you feel is appropriate. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity gender identity] for more details on the topic.

=== Can an hCard contains extra elements ===
''Is it OK for an hCard node to contain extra elements?''
* Yes, parsers will ignore anything they don't understand.

=== Can a GEO be inferred from an ADR in an hCard ===
''Can I automatically add GEO from an address when transfoming an hCard to vCard if it is not present?''
* No, an address represents a building which is a polygon, whereas a GEO only represents a single point

=== X2V does not convert email with name as plain text ===
''X2V doesn't convert my email address correctly, it is in the form href="FirstName LastName <Email@example.com>"''
* While that form of email address works for some programs such as outlook, it is not a valid mailto: value (see [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2368.html RFC2368]) the FirstName and LastName should be omitted.

One possible valid hCard markup would be:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">Firstname Lastname</span>
&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:Email@example.com">Email@example.com</a>&gt;
</span>
</nowiki></pre>



This might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black">
Firstname Lastname <[http://email@example.com email@example.com]>
</div>

=== What hCard properties are required ===
''What properties are required in an hCard?''
* The only required properties are 'fn' (the formatted name) and 'n' (the structured name), but 'n' can under certain circumstances be inferred from the <code>fn</code> property. See the [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|Implied N Optimization]] for details.

=== Does N property require all subproperties ===
''If I use the 'n' property, do I have to use ALL of the sub-properties?''
* No, You can use as many or as few as you need to mark-up the name, but at a minimum you should at least use the 'given-name' and 'family-name' sub-properties if at all possible. If all you have is a nickname/handle/userid, then consider simply marking it up as an 'fn' property and taking advantage of the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization Implied "nickname" Optimization].

=== Do FN and N need to be on same element ===
''Do the 'fn' and 'n' properties have to be on the same element?''
* No, you can have two separate elements, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<p class="vcard">My name is
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Q</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>
</span>
but you can just call me
<span class="fn">Johnny</span>
</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you convert a vCard to an hCard ===
''Is there a way to convert a vCard to an hCard?''
* There is no canonical conversion from a vCard to an hCard because you can construct an hCard in many different ways while expressing the same semantics. If you would like to recommend a suggested template hCard to use when displaying vCards in a browser, please propose it to the [http://microformats.org/discuss mailing list].

=== Are descendant elements recognized in a microformat ===
''Are descendants recognized in a microformat property?''
* Yes, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="country-name">United States <small>of</small> America</span>
</nowiki></pre>
The output would be "United States of America".

=== Do properties like TEL use all descendants ===
''Do properties like TEL use all descendants?'' e.g. <pre><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1.234.567.8900</span></span></nowiki></pre><br>''Shouldn't that output be "TEL:Home: +1.234.567.8900"?''
* No. class="value" is used to denote a sub-element which is used for the value of the property. See [[hcard#Value_excerpting|Value excerpting]] for more details.

=== Can you have multiple value elements ===
''Can you have multiple class="value" elements inside a property and what happens to them?''
* Sure, for example:
<code><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1</span>.<span class="value">234</span>.<span class="value">567</span>.<span class="value">8900</span></span>
</nowiki></code><br> would output: "+12345678900".

=== Can you mix properties and the root class name ===
''<span id="nesting-properties">Can you put properties on the same element as the root class for a microformat? E.g. class="vcard fn"?</span>''
* No, for several reasons:
** It breaks the simple contextual CSS selector rule for finding and styling property values: .rootname .propertyname which will make it more difficult to write scoped CSS for the properties. For more on why this is important see the [[faq#Class_interactions|microformats FAQ regarding class interactions]].
** It will result in more confusion for parsers which may be parsing nested microformats.

=== Can you mix a property and its subproperties ===
''Can singular sub-properties be mixed with parents?''
* No, all sub-properties MUST be on elements inside their parents.

=== Can you use query strings on email ===
''What happened to the Query String on my email address?''
* Query strings are removed from email addresses because they are not valid for importing to vCards

=== Are ADR and TEL types case sensitive ===
''Is the list of possible types for an ADR and TEL case sensitive?''
* No, enumerated values are case-INsensitive, therefore Home, home, HOME, etc. are all equivalent.

=== How does GEO work with ABBR ===
''What happens to the GEO sub-properties when GEO is used with ABBR?''
* The GEO property can be represented two different ways:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">123.45</span>
<span class="longitude">67.89</span>
</span>

<abbr class="geo" title="123.45;67.89">My House</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
When used with an <abbr> element the latitude and longitude are seperated by a semicolon.

=== Why is the root class name vcard ===
''Why is the root class="vcard" and not 'hcard'?''
* The reason is historical, hCard is based off of the vCard specification.

=== How do you markup a phone extension ===
''How do I mark-up a phone extension in hCard?''
There doesn't seem to be a way to declare a telephone extension in the vCard RFC 2426 spec, the suggested way is currently:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">work</span>: <span class="value">800 555-1212 x 1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

RFC 3966 suggests that an extension be indicated with ";ext=" for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">work</span>: <span class="value">800 555-1212;ext=1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
although that is more relevant when used as a URI:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">work</span>: <a class="value" href="tel:+18005551212;ext=1234">800 555-1212;ext=1234</a>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you encode IM accounts ===
''How do I encode my IM account in hCard?''
* see [[hcard-examples#New_Types_of_Contact_Info|hCard examples: New Types of Contact Info]]

=== Can you hCard the deceased ===
''How do you make an hCard for the deceased?''
* vCards were never designed to handle date-of-death, please refer to the biographical or [[genealogy-formats]] microformat

=== Any plans for xparams ===
''Are there plans to include x-parameters in future versions of hCard?''
* No. The problem is that each of these x-parameters are vendor specific and are not part of the RFC. Secondly, there is no way to be 100% sure that 'x-foobar' is not just a content-specific HTML class name that the publisher is using for CSS styling.

=== What is a word in implied optimizations ===
''What constitutes a "word" for the purpose of 'implied-n optimization'?''
* "N" can be implied from "FN" when the content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace. For this purpose, a "word" is any sequence of non-whitespace characters including but not limited to low- and high-range alphanumerics and punctuation. A "word" can be characterised by the following regular expression: <pre><nowiki>/\S+/</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you create non English tooltips ===
''My website is not in English and i want the tooltips to be in my native language''
* Properties such as class="type" require an enumerated list of English words. It is possible to use your native language for the displaying tooltip, but still use the English work for the class="type" without it being shown.
<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="type" title="home">
<span title="[your native word for home here]">
to my home
</span>
</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
Having an span with a title attribute inside the abbr element will only display the title on the span, where you have the text (your native word for home here).

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

hcard-faq

2006-11-24T07:15:25Z

Bob Jonkman: /* How is gender represented */ Link to genealogy-format

<h1> hCard FAQ </h1>

This page is for documenting Q&A about [[hcard|hCard]]. If you have a new question to ask, Please consider first asking your question on the [http://microformats.org/mailman/listinfo/microformats-discuss/ microformats-discuss] list.

<h2> Q&A </h2>

=== Should I use ADDRESS for hCards ===
''Should I use the more semantic <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element for my hCards?''
* Yes the <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element is more semantic, but it is ''too'' specifically semantic for most hCard uses. The poorly named <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element really means <contact-info-for-this-web-page>. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.5.6 HTML4 definition of the ADDRESS element] says it is used "to supply contact information for a document or a major part of a document such as a form." Therefore <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> should be used for an hCard ONLY IF that hCard represents the contact information for the page or major part thereof. One example of such a usage is on [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek's blog]. Another way of saying this is the following two statements: Every <address> on a page SHOULD be an hCard. But not every hCard should be an <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code>. <br /> In short, '''DO NOT''' use <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> to markup addresses in general. Only use it to markup the contact information for the page (or major part thereof), and when doing so, use it to markup ''the entire'' contact information (via <address class="vcard">), not just the address of the contact.

=== Why is url property necessary ===
''Why is it necessary to put class name "url" on URL elements in the hCard when those hyperlinks already start with "http://", and that is enough to distinguish them from email links?''
* The classname "url" is necessary to explicitly distinguish hyperlinks that are URL elements for the hCard, from other hyperlinks that may be related to the item or otherwise in the same containing element but should not be included in the hCard. Common links that may appear in the document but not be contact information are action related links (download data, add to friends list, etc.) contact hyperlinks (email, internal site messaging, autodialers), as well as hyperlinks to photos, or other random hyperlinks that happen to be inside the hCard.

=== How do I support an existing vCard URL ===
''I already have a vCard that I keep up-to-date. I don't want to change any references to it because it might break something else, what can I do?''
* You can use .HTACCESS to rewrite links to your vCard to a webservice that converts a page to the vCard dynamically, to do this you need to add something similar to your .htaccess file
<pre>
RewriteRule ^path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php\?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

Now you shouldn't have to do anything else, all links to the "old.vcf" are redirected to the webservice and will return a new vCard that is dynamially generated from your page.

I think that using 'Redirect' is better than using mod_rewrite (is not enabled on some hosts) --Robert Bachmann
<pre>
Redirect /path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

=== What are plural hCard properties ===
''Is there a list of all hCard properties which can be plural?''<br />
''Is there a list of all the properties which can have multiple instances?''
* There is the [[hcard#Property_List|list of hCard properties]], and the list of [[hcard#Singular_properties|singular hCard properties]]. Everything that is not singular is plural. This list was presented explicitly (after much analysis of RFC2426) because it was too hard to read RFC2426 and reliably grok which properties were singular vs. plural.

Old previous answer:
* We have avoided *duplicating* (or providing a shortcut for) the "can this property occur multiple times or not" deliberately in order to avoid repeating a constraint from RFC 2426 vCard, and thus potentially getting it wrong. Here is the way to determine whether or not a particular property can occur multiple times (is a plural property / may have multiple instances or values).
* Check the [[hcard-profile|hCard XMDP profile]] for the property definition.
* If the property definition references a plural form in RFC 2426 (e.g. honorific-suffix references honorific suffixes), then the property is a plural property.
* Else go check the referenced section in RFC 2426 which should state explicitly whether or not the property is plural or singular.
* Else (if RFC 2426 is *not* explicit) then the property is plural.

=== What does FN stand for ===

''What does FN stand for?''
* FN stands for "Formatted Name." From Section 3.1.1 of the RFC:
<blockquote>Type purpose: To specify the formatted text corresponding to the name of the object the vCard represents.</blockquote>
* The reasoning behind this seems to be that, while N gives us a structured name, FN gives us the human-readable, formatted name which is assembled from its structured parts in a culturally dependant way.

=== How is gender represented ===
''How do you represent gender in hCard?''
* There is no GENDER property in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]. [[hcard|hCard]] is following the schema from vCard for interoperability reasons. If you want, it is possible to represent gender implicitly in the honorific-prefix field, e.g. Mr. for male, and Ms. for female:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
</nowiki></pre>
or
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Ms.</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Gender will be represented with a [[genealogy-formats|genealogical microformat]].

Note that there is also a [http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/properties/vcard_name.asp page on MSDN that mentions vCard and "gender"]. Not sure what to make of that.

=== Can an hCard contains extra elements ===
''Is it OK for an hCard node to contain extra elements?''
* Yes, parsers will ignore anything they don't understand.

=== Can a GEO be inferred from an ADR in an hCard ===
''Can I automatically add GEO from an address when transfoming an hCard to vCard if it is not present?''
* No, an address represents a building which is a polygon, whereas a GEO only represents a single point

=== X2V does not convert email with name as plain text ===
''X2V doesn't convert my email address correctly, it is in the form href="FirstName LastName <Email@example.com>"''
* While that form of email address works for some programs such as outlook, it is not a valid mailto: value (see [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2368.html RFC2368]) the FirstName and LastName should be omitted.

One possible valid hCard markup would be:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">Firstname Lastname</span>
&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:Email@example.com">Email@example.com</a>&gt;
</span>
</nowiki></pre>



This might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black">
Firstname Lastname <[http://email@example.com email@example.com]>
</div>

=== What hCard properties are required ===
''What properties are required in an hCard?''
* The only required properties are 'fn' (the formatted name) and 'n' (the structured name), but 'n' can under certain circumstances be inferred from the <code>fn</code> property. See the [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|Implied N Optimization]] for details.

=== Does N property require all subproperties ===
''If I use the 'n' property, do I have to use ALL of the sub-properties?''
* No, You can use as many or as few as you need to mark-up the name, but at a minimum you should at least use the 'given-name' and 'family-name' sub-properties if at all possible. If all you have is a nickname/handle/userid, then consider simply marking it up as an 'fn' property and taking advantage of the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization Implied "nickname" Optimization].

=== Do FN and N need to be on same element ===
''Do the 'fn' and 'n' properties have to be on the same element?''
* No, you can have two separate elements, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<p class="vcard">My name is
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Q</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>
</span>
but you can just call me
<span class="fn">Johnny</span>
</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you convert a vCard to an hCard ===
''Is there a way to convert a vCard to an hCard?''
* There is no canonical conversion from a vCard to an hCard because you can construct an hCard in many different ways while expressing the same semantics. If you would like to recommend a suggested template hCard to use when displaying vCards in a browser, please propose it to the [http://microformats.org/discuss mailing list].

=== Are descendant elements recognized in a microformat ===
''Are descendants recognized in a microformat property?''
* Yes, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="country-name">United States <small>of</small> America</span>
</nowiki></pre>
The output would be "United States of America".

=== Do properties like TEL use all descendants ===
''Do properties like TEL use all descendants?'' e.g. <pre><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1.234.567.8900</span></span></nowiki></pre><br>''Shouldn't that output be "TEL:Home: +1.234.567.8900"?''
* No. class="value" is used to denote a sub-element which is used for the value of the property. See [[hcard#Value_excerpting|Value excerpting]] for more details.

=== Can you have multiple value elements ===
''Can you have multiple class="value" elements inside a property and what happens to them?''
* Sure, for example:
<code><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1</span>.<span class="value">234</span>.<span class="value">567</span>.<span class="value">8900</span></span>
</nowiki></code><br> would output: "+12345678900".

=== Can you mix properties and the root class name ===
''<span id="nesting-properties">Can you put properties on the same element as the root class for a microformat? E.g. class="vcard fn"?</span>''
* No, for several reasons:
** It breaks the simple contextual CSS selector rule for finding and styling property values: .rootname .propertyname which will make it more difficult to write scoped CSS for the properties. For more on why this is important see the [[faq#Class_interactions|microformats FAQ regarding class interactions]].
** It will result in more confusion for parsers which may be parsing nested microformats.

=== Can you mix a property and its subproperties ===
''Can singular sub-properties be mixed with parents?''
* No, all sub-properties MUST be on elements inside their parents.

=== Can you use query strings on email ===
''What happened to the Query String on my email address?''
* Query strings are removed from email addresses because they are not valid for importing to vCards

=== Are ADR and TEL types case sensitive ===
''Is the list of possible types for an ADR and TEL case sensitive?''
* No, enumerated values are case-INsensitive, therefore Home, home, HOME, etc. are all equivalent.

=== How does GEO work with ABBR ===
''What happens to the GEO sub-properties when GEO is used with ABBR?''
* The GEO property can be represented two different ways:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">123.45</span>
<span class="longitude">67.89</span>
</span>

<abbr class="geo" title="123.45;67.89">My House</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
When used with an <abbr> element the latitude and longitude are seperated by a semicolon.

=== Why is the root class name vcard ===
''Why is the root class="vcard" and not 'hcard'?''
* The reason is historical, hCard is based off of the vCard specification.

=== How do you markup a phone extension ===
''How do I mark-up a phone extension in hCard?''
There doesn't seem to be a way to declare a telephone extension in the vCard RFC2426 spec, the suggested way is currently:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">cell</span>: <span class="value">800 555-1212 x 1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you encode IM accounts ===
''How do I encode my IM account in hCard?''
* see [[hcard-examples#New_Types_of_Contact_Info|hCard examples: New Types of Contact Info]]

=== Can you hCard the deceased ===
''How do you make an hCard for the deceased?''
* vCards were never designed to handle date-of-death, please refer to the biographical or [[genealogy-formats]] microformat

=== Any plans for xparams ===
''Are there plans to include x-parameters in future versions of hCard?''
* No. The problem is that each of these x-parameters are vendor specific and are not part of the RFC. Secondly, there is no way to be 100% sure that 'x-foobar' is not just a content-specific HTML class name that the publisher is using for CSS styling.

=== What is a word in implied optimizations ===
''What constitutes a "word" for the purpose of 'implied-n optimization'?''
* "N" can be implied from "FN" when the content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace. For this purpose, a "word" is any sequence of non-whitespace characters including but not limited to low- and high-range alphanumerics and punctuation. A "word" can be characterised by the following regular expression: <pre><nowiki>/\S+/</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you create non English tooltips ===
''My website is not in English and i want the tooltips to be in my native language''
* Properties such as class="type" require an enumerated list of English words. It is possible to use your native language for the displaying tooltip, but still use the English work for the class="type" without it being shown.
<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="type" title="home">
<span title="[your native word for home here]">
to my home
</span>
</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
Having an span with a title attribute inside the abbr element will only display the title on the span, where you have the text (your native word for home here).

== Related Pages ==
{{hcard-related-pages}}

genealogy-formats

2006-11-16T22:47:28Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Genealogy Formats */ Added 'External Links' section for standards documents

hcard-examples-rfc2426

2006-11-01T20:56:29Z

Bob Jonkman: /* References to People and Organizations */

<h1>hCard examples</h1>

Example [[hcard|hCards]].

== Authors ==
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek Çelik]
* Brian Suda

== Instructive Examples ==

=== Authors of Pages and Posts ===
[http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.5.6 Per the HTML4.01 specification], authors should be using the <code><address></code> element to indicate the "contact information for a document or a major part of a document." E.g.

<pre><nowiki>
<address>
<a href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
</address>
</nowiki></pre>

By adding [[hcard|hCard]] to such existing semantic XHTML, you can explicitly indicate the name of the person, their URL, etc.:

<pre><nowiki>
<address class="vcard">
<a class="fn url" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
</address>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]

This works not only for whole pages, but also for "major part[s]" of pages, e.g. blog posts.

See the [http://microformats.org/blog/ microformats.org blog] (view the source) for a live example. The author of every blog post on the microformats.org blog is marked up as an <code><address class="vcard"></code> element like the example shown above.

=== References to People and Organizations ===

A common pattern in blog posts is to link mentions of people's names to their blogs, and/or organizations to their home pages. E.g.:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite><a href="http://meyerweb.com/">Eric Meyer</a></cite> wrote a post
(<cite><a href="http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/">Tax Relief</a></cite>)
about an unintentionally humorous letter he received from the
<a href="http://irs.gov/">Internal Revenue Service</a>.
</nowiki></pre>

By adding hCard to such markup, you can explicitly indicate both the person and the organization by name and URL:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="vcard"><a class="fn url" href="http://meyerweb.com/">Eric Meyer</a></cite> wrote a post
(<cite><a href="http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/">Tax Relief</a></cite>)
about an unintentionally humorous letter he received from the
<span class="vcard"><a class="fn org url" href="http://irs.gov/">Internal Revenue Service</a></span>.
</nowiki></pre>

Note the class names "fn org url" on the hyperlink surrounding the IRS. Using the same value (or element for that matter) for "fn" and "org" indicates that the hCard describes an organization rather than a person.

This could be displayed as:

''[http://meyerweb.com/ Eric Meyer]'' wrote a post (''[http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/ Tax Relief]'') about an unintentionally humorous letter
he received from the [http://irs.gov/ Internal Revenue Service].

=== hCard and XFN ===
==== References to People in Blog Posts ====

In the above example, one person (the blogger) is referring to another person (Eric Meyer). In addition to using hCard to explicitly mark up the reference as a person, the blogger can use [http://gmpg.org/xfn/ XFN] (the XHTML Friends Network) to indicate their relationship to Eric Meyer, e.g.:

<pre><nowiki>
<cite class="vcard"><a class="fn url" rel="friend colleague met" href="http://meyerweb.com/">Eric Meyer</a></cite> wrote a post
(<cite><a href="http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/">Tax Relief</a></cite>)
about an unintentionally humorous letter he received from the
<span class="vcard"><a class="fn org url" href="http://irs.gov/">Internal Revenue Service</a></span>.
</nowiki></pre>

It would be displayed the same as the previous example.

==== References to People in Blogrolls ====

Many bloggers are using XFN (often using an easy user interface like that built into [http://wordpress.org WordPress]) to explicitly indicate their relationships to the people in their blogrolls:

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://meyerweb.com" rel="friend colleague met">Eric Meyer</a></li>
<li><a href="http://photomatt.net" rel="friend colleague met">Matt Mullenweg</a></li>
</ul>
</nowiki></pre>

By adding hCard markup to an XFN Friendly blogroll, you can explicitly indicate the name and URL of the person in addition to their relationship:

<pre><nowiki>
<ul>
<li class="vcard"><a class="fn url" href="http://meyerweb.com" rel="friend colleague met">Eric Meyer</a></li>
<li class="vcard"><a class="fn url" href="http://photomatt.net" rel="friend colleague met">Matt Mullenweg</a></li>
</ul>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:
* [http://meyerweb.com Eric Meyer]
* [http://photomatt.net Matt Mullenweg]

For more information on XFN, see the [http://gmpg.org/xfn/ XFN home page], [http://gmpg.org/xfn/join joining XFN], and [http://gmpg.org/xfn/background background on XFN].

This technique is used in the [http://factorycity.net/projects/wp-microformatted-blogroll/ WP Microformatted Blogroll] plugin.

=== New Types of Contact Info ===

Since vCard was designed, there have been numerous other services that provide individuals with addresses or other means of contact, e.g. instant messaging, voip, etc.

Does this mean that vCard (and hence hCard) must be extended to represent these?

Thanks to the flexibility of the URL property, the answer is no, no extensions are necessary. Instead, we use the proper URL for the service which identifies the service (protocol, machine, and/or path), and place the individual's address inside that.

==== AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) ====

AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) ids can be represented using the <code>aim:</code> protocol. Many who publish their AIM ids do so with clickable URLs e.g.:

<pre><nowiki>
<a href="aim:goim?screenname=ShoppingBuddy">IM with the AIM ShoppingBuddy</a>
</nowiki></pre>

Thus for hCard, we will adopt this existing content publisher behavior, and simply capture it as another URL for the hCard:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="url" href="aim:goim?screenname=ShoppingBuddy">IM with the AIM ShoppingBuddy</a>
</nowiki></pre>

==== Yahoo Messenger ====

Similarly, Yahoo Instant Messenger (YIM) ids can be represented using the <code>ymsgr:</code> protocol. And similarly many publish their YIM ids as clickable URLs e.g.:

<pre><nowiki>
<a href="ymsgr:sendIM?SomeYahooFriend">IM with SomeYahooFriend</a>
</nowiki></pre>

Again, for hCard, we will adopt this existing content publisher behavior, and simply capture it as another URL for the hCard:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="url" href="ymsgr:sendIM?SomeYahooFriend">IM with SomeYahooFriend</a>
</nowiki></pre>

==== MSN Messenger ====

<strike>Unfortunately, AFAIK, there is no hacked up defacto protocol for opening an MSN IM session with an MSN userid (which themselves are just email addresses). Thus we must simply resort to marking them up as email addresses, and expect that consumers may use some heuristic, such as "hotmail.com email addresses are also MSN IM ids". -Tantek</strike>

MSN Messenger (MSNIM) ids can be represented using the <code>msnim:</code> protocol. And similarly many publish their MSNIM ids as clickable URLs e.g.:

<pre><nowiki>
<a href="msnim:chat?contact=joebob@hotmail.com">IM with joebob@hotmail.com</a>
</nowiki></pre>

For hCard, we will adopt this existing content publisher behavior, and simply capture it as another URL for the hCard:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="url" href="msnim:chat?contact=joebob@hotmail.com">IM with joebob@hotmail.com</a>
</nowiki></pre>

Updated 14 May 2006 - [http://www.wackomenace.co.uk/ Ruben]

Ruben, I tried this, and "msnim:" is an unrecognized protocol on MacOSX.4 (this is with the latest MSN Messenger for Mac installed and running and logged int). Could you provide links to documentation about "msnim:" and links to actual pages that publish their MSNIM ids this way? I don't know of any - [http://tantek.com/ Tantek]

: Tantek, Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Windows_Live_Messenger History of Windows Live Messenger] states that MSN Messenger 7.5 for Windows, among other things, introduced: "the msnim protocol handler, allowing Web sites to provide links which automatically add a contact or start conversations (for example clicking on link msnim:chat?contact=login@passport.net will start chat conversation with user login@passport.net).". The Mac version is notoriously lagging behind, sadly. --''[[User:Chucker|chucker]] 11:33, 29 Jun 2006 (PDT)''

==== Site profiles ====
Bloggers often indicate their identity on content hosting services using the URL to their home page, feed or profile on those services. By labeling them as URL properties, these additional facets of identity can be publish in an hCard as well.

* [http://del.icio.us delicious]:
** <code><a class="url" href="http://del.icio.us/rbach">Robert Bachmann's links</a></code>
* [http://flickr.com Flickr]:
** <code><a class="url" href="http://flickr.com/photos/tantek/">See my photos</a></code>
** <code><a class="url" href="http://flickr.com/people/tantek/">Flickr profile</a></code>
* [http://technorati.com/ Technorati]:
** <code><a class="url" href="http://technorati.com/profile/tantek/">Technorati profile</a></code>
* Add more here...
** ....

=== Organizations and Departments ===

Departments are marked up using the "organization-unit" class name inside the "org" element, with the "organization-name" specifically marked up to distinguish it from the department:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<div class="org fn">
<div class="organization-name">Sprinkler Fitters U.A. Local 483</div>
<div class="organization-unit">Apprenticeship Training Center</div>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

The department may also be part of the address, in which case, you may want to explicitly mark it up as the "extended-address" in addition to the "organization-unit".

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<div class="adr">
<div class="org fn">
<div class="organization-name">Sprinkler Fitters U.A. Local 483</div>
<div class="organization-unit extended-address">Apprenticeship Training Center</div>
</div>
<div class="street-address">2531 Barrington Court</div>
<span class="locality">Hayward</span>,
<abbr title="California" class="region">CA</abbr>
<span class="postal-code">94545</span>
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

Note that by nesting the org inside the address we avoided having to duplicate the department name.

== RFC 2426 examples in hCard ==

These are 1:1 hCard examples for each example in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC 2426].

Mark Pilgrim has made these hCard examples available as separate files:
* http://diveintomark.org/projects/greasemonkey/hcard/tests/

=== 2.4.2 VCARD ===

<pre><nowiki>
AGENT:BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Joe Friday\nTEL:+1-919-555-7878\n
TITLE:Area Administrator\, Assistant\n EMAIL\;TYPE=INTERNET:\n
jfriday@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n
</nowiki></pre>

This vCard fragment has one property whose value is another vCard, and could be represented as an hCard fragment with an embedded hCard, literally (with the unnecessary type=internet default omitted, and the implied n optimization):

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="agent vcard">
<a class="email fn" href="mailto:jfriday@host.com">Joe Friday</a>
<div class="tel">+1-919-555-7878</div>
<div class="title">Area Administrator, Assistant</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard could be displayed as:

[mailto:jfriday@host.com Joe Friday]<br />
+1-919-555-7878<br />
Area Administrator, Assistant

=== 3.1.1 FN Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Mr. John Q. Public\, Esq.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="fn">Mr. John Q. Public, Esq.</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Mr. John Q. Public, Esq.

=== 3.1.2 N Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
N:Public;John;Quinlan;Mr.;Esq.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Quinlan</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>,
<span class="honorific-suffix">Esq.</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Mr. John Quinlan Public, Esq.

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
N:Stevenson;John;Philip,Paul;Dr.;Jr.,M.D.,A.C.P.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Dr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Philip</span>
<span class="additional-name">Paul</span>
<span class="family-name">Stevenson</span>,
<span class="honorific-suffix">Jr.</span>,
<span class="honorific-suffix">M.D.</span>,
<span class="honorific-suffix">A.C.P.</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment would be displayed as:

Dr. John Philip Paul Stevenson, Jr., M.D., A.C.P.

=== 3.1.3 NICKNAME Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
NICKNAME:Robbie
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="nickname">Robbie</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Robbie

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
NICKNAME:Jim,Jimmie
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="nickname">Jim</span>,
<span class="nickname">Jimmie</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment would be displayed as:

Jim, Jimmie

=== 3.1.4 PHOTO Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====
<pre><nowiki>
PHOTO;VALUE=uri:http://www.abc.com/pub/photos/jqpublic.gif
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<img class="photo" src="http://www.abc.com/pub/photos/jqpublic.gif" alt="" />
</nowiki></pre>

==== Example 2 ====
<pre><nowiki>
PHOTO;ENCODING=b;TYPE=JPEG:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
<...remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment (line breaks inserted into src value for readability):

<pre><nowiki>
<img class="photo" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
...remainder of B encoded binary data..." alt="" />
</nowiki></pre>

=== 3.1.5 BDAY Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
BDAY:1996-04-15
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="bday" title="1996-04-15">April 15, 1996</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="bday" title="1996-04-15">April 15, 1996</abbr>

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
BDAY:1953-10-15T23:10:00Z
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="bday" title="1953-10-15T23:10:00Z">Oct 15, 1953</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="bday" title="1953-10-15T23:10:00Z">Oct 15, 1953</abbr>

==== Example 3 ====

<pre><nowiki>
BDAY:1987-09-27T08:30:00-06:00
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="bday" title="1987-09-27T08:30:00-06:00">Sept 9, 1987</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="bday" title="1987-09-27T08:30:00-06:00">Sept 9, 1987</abbr>

=== 3.2.1 ADR Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
ADR;TYPE=dom,home,postal,parcel:;;123 Main
Street;Any Town;CA;91921-1234
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="adr">
<abbr class="type" title="dom">US</abbr>
<span class="type">home</span> address, for
<abbr class="type" title="postal">mail</abbr> and
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">shipments</abbr>:
<div class="street-address">123 Main Street</div>
<span class="locality">Any Town</span>, <span class="region">CA</span>,
<span class="postal-code">91921-1234</span>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div class="adr">
<abbr class="type" title="dom">US</abbr>
<span class="type">home</span> address, for
<abbr class="type" title="postal">mail</abbr> and
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">shipments</abbr>:
<div class="street-address">123 Main Street</div>
<span class="locality">Any Town</span>, <span class="region">CA</span>,
<span class="postal-code">91921-1234</span>
</div>

=== 3.2.2 LABEL Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
LABEL;TYPE=dom,home,postal,parcel:Mr.John Q. Public\, Esq.\n
Mail Drop: TNE QB\n123 Main Street\nAny Town\, CA 91921-1234
\nU.S.A.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
Please use the following address label for
<div class="label">
<abbr class="type" title="dom">local delivery</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="home">to my home</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="postal">of mail</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">and packages:</abbr>
<pre>
Mr.John Q. Public, Esq.
Mail Drop: TNE QB
123 Main Street
Any Town, CA 91921-1234
U.S.A.
</pre>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

'''Note:''' the above hCard fragment uses a <pre> tag inside a property value to capture/represent explicit carriage returns ("\n" characters) from the vCard fragment.

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Please use the following address label for
<abbr class="type" title="dom">local delivery</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="home">to my home</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="postal">of mail</abbr>
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">and packages:</abbr>
<pre>
Mr.John Q. Public, Esq.
Mail Drop: TNE QB
123 Main Street
Any Town, CA 91921-1234
U.S.A.
</pre>

=== 3.3.1 TEL Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=work,voice,pref,msg:+1-213-555-1234
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<abbr class="type" title="pref">my</abbr>
<span class="type">work</span>
<abbr class="type" title="voice">phone</abbr>, with
<abbr class="type" title="msg">voicemail</abbr>:
<span class="value">+1-213-555-1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

my work phone, with voicemail: +1-213-555-1234

=== 3.3.2 EMAIL Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
EMAIL;TYPE=internet:jqpublic@xyz.dom1.com
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="email" href="mailto:jqpublic@xyz.dom1.com">email jqpublic</a>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

[mailto:jqpublic@xyz.dom1.com email jqpublic]

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
EMAIL;TYPE=internet:jdoe@isp.net
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="email" href="mailto:jdoe@isp.net">email jdoe</a>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

[mailto:jdoe@isp.net email jdoe]

==== Example 3 ====

<pre><nowiki>
EMAIL;TYPE=internet,pref:jane_doe@abc.com
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="email" href="mailto:jane_doe@abc.com">
<abbr class="type" title="pref">preferred</abbr>
email for jane_doe
</a>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

[mailto:jane_doe@abc.com preferred email for jane_doe]

=== 3.3.3 MAILER Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
MAILER:PigeonMail 2.1
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
Jane Doe uses <span class="mailer">PigeonMail 2.1</span> for email.
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Jane Doe uses <span class="mailer">PigeonMail 2.1</span> for email.

=== 3.4.1 TZ Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
TZ:-05:00
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tz">-05:00</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

-05:00
==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
TZ;VALUE=text:-05:00; EST; Raleigh/North America
;This example has a single value, not a structure text value.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="tz"
title="-05:00; EST; Raleigh/North America;This example has a single value, not a structure text value.">
EST
</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="tz" title="-05:00; EST; Raleigh/North America;This example has a single value, not a structure text value.">EST</abbr>

=== 3.4.2 GEO Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
GEO:37.386013;-122.082932
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">37.386013</span>,
<span class="longitude">-122.082932</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

37.386013, -122.082932

=== 3.5.1 TITLE Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
TITLE:Director\, Research and Development
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="title">Director, Research and Development</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Director, Research and Development

=== 3.5.2 ROLE Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
ROLE:Programmer
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="role">Programmer</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Programmer

=== 3.5.3 LOGO Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
LOGO;VALUE=uri:http://www.abc.com/pub/logos/abccorp.jpg
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<img class="logo" src="http://www.abc.com/pub/logos/abccorp.jpg" alt="my logo" />
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as (note: I used a real URL for the image):

http://microformats.org/img/mf-lg-ora.gif

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
LOGO;ENCODING=b;TYPE=JPEG:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
<...the remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<img class="logo" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
...remainder of B encoded binary data..." alt="" />
</nowiki></pre>

no display equivalent given, since data: URL from original example is incomplete.

=== 3.5.4 AGENT Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
AGENT;VALUE=uri:
CID:JQPUBLIC.part3.960129T083020.xyzMail@host3.com
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="agent" href="CID:JQPUBLIC.part3.960129T083020.xyzMail@host3.com">JQPUBLIC</a>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

JQPUBLIC

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
AGENT:BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:Susan Thomas\nTEL:+1-919-555-
1234\nEMAIL\;INTERNET:sthomas@host.com\nEND:VCARD\n
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="agent vcard">
<a class="email fn n" href="mailto:sthomas@host.com">Susan Thomas</a>,
<span class="tel">+1-919-555-1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

[mailto:sthomas@host.com Susan Thomas], +1-919-555-1234

Note: the vCard in the AGENT property vCard fragment is actually invalid since it lacks an "N" property. However, the hCard version *is* valid, since I added the "n" class name to the example.

=== 3.5.5 ORG Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
ORG:ABC\, Inc.;North American Division;Marketing
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="org">
<span class="organization-name">ABC, Inc.</span>,
<span class="organization-unit">North American Division</span>,
<span class="organization-unit">Marketing</span>,
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

ABC, Inc., North American Division, Marketing

=== 3.6.1 CATEGORIES Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
CATEGORIES:TRAVEL AGENT
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="category">TRAVEL AGENT</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

TRAVEL AGENT

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
CATEGORIES:INTERNET,IETF,INDUSTRY,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="category">INTERNET</span>,
<span class="category">IETF</span>,
<span class="category">INDUSTRY</span>,
<span class="category">INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment would be displayed as:

INTERNET, IETF, INDUSTRY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

=== 3.6.2 NOTE Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
NOTE:This fax number is operational 0800 to 1715
EST\, Mon-Fri.
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<p class="note">This fax number is operational 0800 to 1715 EST, Mon-Fri.</p>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

This fax number is operational 0800 to 1715 EST, Mon-Fri.

=== 3.6.3 PRODID Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
PRODID:-//ONLINE DIRECTORY//NONSGML Version 1//EN
</nowiki></pre>

Note, this vCard property actually doesn't make sense as a hCard property, since it really should be filled in by whatever code transforms the hCard into a vCard, e.g. Brian Suda's X2V.

=== 3.6.4 REV Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
REV:1995-10-31T22:27:10Z
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="rev" title="1995-10-31T22:27:10Z">Updated: 10/31 10:27p</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="rev" title="1995-10-31T22:27:10Z">Updated: 10/31 10:27p</abbr>

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
REV:1997-11-15
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="rev" title="1997-11-15">Updated: November 15</abbr>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<abbr class="rev" title="1997-11-15">Updated: November 15</abbr>

=== 3.6.5 SORT-STRING Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Rene van der Harten
N:van der Harten;Rene;J.;Sir;R.D.O.N.
SORT-STRING:Harten
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="n"
<span class="honorific-prefix">Sir</span>
<span class="fn">
<span class="given-name">Rene</span>
<span class="family-name">
van der <span class="sort-string">Harten</span>
</span>
</span>
(<span class="additional-name">J.</span>),
<span class="honorific-suffix">R.D.O.N.</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note: The string "Harten" was NOT repeated in the hCard, even though it WAS repeated in the vCard (3 times! In N, FN, and SORT-STRING). The "SORT-STRING" property provides another good demonstration of how hCard enables better adherence to the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-example1-steps#hCard_example_iteration_1:_DRY DRY principle] than vCard.

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Sir Rene van der Harten (J.), R.D.O.N.

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Robert Pau Shou Chang
N:Pau;Shou Chang;Robert
SORT-STRING:Pau
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="fn n">
<span class="additional-name">Robert</span>
<span class="family-name sort-string">Pau</span>
<span class="given-name">Shou Chang</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note: Not only was the string "Pau" was NOT repeated in the hCard (better [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-example1-steps#hCard_example_iteration_1:_DRY DRY principle] adherence again), even though it WAS repeated in the vCard, but in this case since the "family-name" and "sort-string" are the same, we were able to use [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-example1-steps#hCard_example_iteration_2:_element_conservation element conservation] and use only one element for both properties.

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Robert Pau Shou Chang

==== Example 3 ====

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Osamu Koura
N:Koura;Osamu
SORT-STRING:Koura
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="fn">
Osamu <span class="sort-string">Koura</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note: This example, in addition to illustrating better support for the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-example1-steps#hCard_example_iteration_1:_DRY DRY principle], also makes use of the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22N.22_Optimization Implied "N" Optimization].

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Osamu Koura

==== Example 4 ====

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Oscar del Pozo
N:del Pozo Triscon;Oscar
SORT-STRING:Pozo
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="n">
<span class="fn">
<span class="given-name">Oscar</span>
del <span class="sort-string">Pozo</span>
</span>
<span class="family-name" style="display:none">
del Pozo Triscon
</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note: This example unfortunately could not completely adhere to the DRY principle due to the "FN" using a *substring* of the family-name, and in addition thus had to hide the extra "family-name" string value using CSS display:none, which in general should be avoided. Suggestion welcome for improvements on this hCard fragement.

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Oscar del Pozo

==== Example 5 ====

<pre><nowiki>
FN:Christine d'Aboville
N:d'Aboville;Christine
SORT-STRING:Aboville
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="fn">
Christine d'<span class="sort-string">Aboville</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note: This example re-demonstrates the same hCard advantages/efficiencies demonstrated in [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard-examples#Example_3_3 example 3] above.

this hCard fragment could be displayed as:

Christine d'Aboville

=== 3.6.6 SOUND Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
SOUND;TYPE=BASIC;VALUE=uri:CID:JOHNQPUBLIC.part8.
19960229T080000.xyzMail@host1.com
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<object class="sound" type="audio/basic"
data="CID:JOHNQPUBLIC.part8.19960229T080000.xyzMail@host1.com">
pronounciation of "JOHN Q PUBLIC"
</object>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment would probably be displayed as

pronounciation of "JOHN Q PUBLIC"

unless your browser supports the MIME type "audio/basic" (defined in [http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt RFC2046 section 4.3]) and has some way of retrieving "CID:" urls.

==== Example 2 ====
<pre><nowiki>
SOUND;TYPE=BASIC;ENCODING=b:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
<...the remainder of "B" encoded binary data...>
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<object class="sound"
data="data:audio/basic;base64,MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bm
ljYXRpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
...the remainder of "B" encoded binary data...">
pronounciation
</object>
</nowiki></pre>

no display equivalent given, since data: URL from original example is incomplete.

=== 3.6.7 UID Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
UID:19950401-080045-40000F192713-0052
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
Unique id:
<span class="uid">19950401-080045-40000F192713-0052</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

Unique id:19950401-080045-40000F192713-0052

Note: in practice I don't think I've seen globally unique IDs for "contact info" records published on the web, but perhaps I am not considering enough examples.

=== 3.6.8 URL Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
URL:http://www.swbyps.restaurant.french/~chezchic.html
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<a class="url" href="http://www.swbyps.restaurant.french/~chezchic.html">Chez Chic</a>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

[http://www.swbyps.restaurant.french/~chezchic.html Chez Chic]

=== 3.7.1 CLASS Type Definition ===

==== Example 1 ====

<pre><nowiki>
CLASS:PUBLIC
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="class">PUBLIC</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

PUBLIC

==== Example 2 ====

<pre><nowiki>
CLASS:PRIVATE
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="class">PRIVATE</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

PRIVATE

==== Example 3 ====

<pre><nowiki>
CLASS:CONFIDENTIAL
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="class">CONFIDENTIAL</span>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

CONFIDENTIAL

=== 3.7.2 KEY Type Definition ===

<pre><nowiki>
KEY;ENCODING=b:MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQA
wdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENbW11bmljYX
Rpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
ZW1zMRwwGgYDVQQDExNyb290Y2EubmV0c2NhcGUuY29tMB4XDTk3MDYwNj
E5NDc1OVoXDTk3MTIwMzE5NDc1OVowgYkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSYwJAYD
VQQKEx1OZXRzY2FwZSBDb21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucyBDb3JwLjEYMBYGA1UEAx
MPVGltb3RoeSBBIEhvd2VzMSEwHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhJob3dlc0BuZXRz
Y2FwZS5jb20xFTATBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEBEwVob3dlczBcMA0GCSqGSIb3DQ
EBAQUAA0sAMEgCQQC0JZf6wkg8pLMXHHCUvMfL5H6zjSk4vTTXZpYyrdN2
dXcoX49LKiOmgeJSzoiFKHtLOIboyludF90CgqcxtwKnAgMBAAGjNjA0MB
EGCWCGSAGG+EIBAQQEAwIAoDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBT84FToB/GV3jr3mcau
+hUMbsQukjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQBexv7o7mi3PLXadkmNP9LcIP
mx93HGp0Kgyx1jIVMyNgsemeAwBM+MSlhMfcpbTrONwNjZYW8vJDSoi//y
rZlVt9bJbs7MNYZVsyF1unsqaln4/vy6Uawfg8VUMk1U7jt8LYpo4YULU7
UZHPYVUaSgVttImOHZIKi4hlPXBOhcUQ==
</nowiki></pre>

this vCard fragment as an hCard fragment

<pre><nowiki>
<object class="key" type="application/octet-stream"
data="data:application/octet-stream;base64,MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQA
wdzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENbW11bmljYX
Rpb25zIENvcnBvcmF0aW9uMRwwGgYDVQQLExNJbmZvcm1hdGlvbiBTeXN0
ZW1zMRwwGgYDVQQDExNyb290Y2EubmV0c2NhcGUuY29tMB4XDTk3MDYwNj
E5NDc1OVoXDTk3MTIwMzE5NDc1OVowgYkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSYwJAYD
VQQKEx1OZXRzY2FwZSBDb21tdW5pY2F0aW9ucyBDb3JwLjEYMBYGA1UEAx
MPVGltb3RoeSBBIEhvd2VzMSEwHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhJob3dlc0BuZXRz
Y2FwZS5jb20xFTATBgoJkiaJk/IsZAEBEwVob3dlczBcMA0GCSqGSIb3DQ
EBAQUAA0sAMEgCQQC0JZf6wkg8pLMXHHCUvMfL5H6zjSk4vTTXZpYyrdN2
dXcoX49LKiOmgeJSzoiFKHtLOIboyludF90CgqcxtwKnAgMBAAGjNjA0MB
EGCWCGSAGG+EIBAQQEAwIAoDAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBT84FToB/GV3jr3mcau
+hUMbsQukjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFAAOBgQBexv7o7mi3PLXadkmNP9LcIP
mx93HGp0Kgyx1jIVMyNgsemeAwBM+MSlhMfcpbTrONwNjZYW8vJDSoi//y
rZlVt9bJbs7MNYZVsyF1unsqaln4/vy6Uawfg8VUMk1U7jt8LYpo4YULU7
UZHPYVUaSgVttImOHZIKi4hlPXBOhcUQ==">
Key
</object>

</nowiki></pre>

this hCard fragment could be displayed as

Key

Note: Because of the lack of a TYPE value in the RFC2426 example, I substituted application/octet-stream. Clearly for it to be of some use, the type specified must be some sort of key or certificate mime type.

=== 7. Authors' Addresses ===

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:vCard
VERSION:3.0
FN:Frank Dawson
ORG:Lotus Development Corporation
ADR;TYPE=WORK,POSTAL,PARCEL:;;6544 Battleford Drive
;Raleigh;NC;27613-3502;U.S.A.
TEL;TYPE=VOICE,MSG,WORK:+1-919-676-9515
TEL;TYPE=FAX,WORK:+1-919-676-9564
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET,PREF:Frank_Dawson@Lotus.com
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:fdawson@earthlink.net
URL:http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson
END:vCard

BEGIN:vCard
VERSION:3.0
FN:Tim Howes
ORG:Netscape Communications Corp.
ADR;TYPE=WORK:;;501 E. Middlefield Rd.;Mountain View;
CA; 94043;U.S.A.
TEL;TYPE=VOICE,MSG,WORK:+1-415-937-3419
TEL;TYPE=FAX,WORK:+1-415-528-4164
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:howes@netscape.com
END:vCard
</nowiki></pre>

Note that both of these vCards are invalid since they lack the REQUIRED "N" property which is quite ironic, since these are the vCards of the authors themselves.

Nonetheless, these vCards can be represented by the following hCards:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson">Frank Dawson</a>
<div class="org">Lotus Development Corporation</div>
<div class="adr">
<span class="type">work</span> address
(<abbr class="type" title="postal">mail</abbr> and
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">packages</abbr>):
<div class="street-address">6544 Battleford Drive</div>
<span class="locality">Raleigh</span>
<span class="region">NC</span>
<span class="postal-code">27613-3502</span>
<div class="country-name">U.S.A.</div>
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-919-676-9515</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr>,
<abbr class="type" title="VOICE">v</abbr><abbr class="type" title="MSG">m</abbr>)
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-919-676-9564</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr><abbr class="type" title="FAX">f</abbr>)
</div>
<a class="email" href="mailto:Frank_Dawson@Lotus.com">
<span class="type">pref<span>erred</span> email</span>
</a>,
<a class="email" href="mailto:fdawson@earthlink.net">
alternate email
</a>
</div>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="email fn" href="mailto:howes@netscape.com">Tim Howes</a>
<div class="org">Netscape Communications Corp.</div>
<div class="adr">
<span class="type">work</span> address:
<div class="street-address">501 E. Middlefield Rd.</div>
<span class="locality">Mountain View</span>,
<span class="region">CA</span>
<span class="postal-code">94043</span>
<div class="country-name">U.S.A.</div>
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-415-937-3419</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr>,
<abbr class="type" title="VOICE">v</abbr><abbr class="type" title="MSG">m</abbr>)
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-415-528-4164</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr><abbr class="type" title="FAX">f</abbr>)
</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

this hCards could be displayed as

<div class="vcard">
[http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson Frank Dawson]
<div class="org">Lotus Development Corporation</div>
<div class="adr">
<span class="type">work</span> address
(<abbr class="type" title="postal">mail</abbr> and
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">packages</abbr>):
<div class="street-address">6544 Battleford Drive</div>
<span class="locality">Raleigh</span>
<span class="region">NC</span>
<span class="postal-code">27613-3502</span>
<div class="country-name">U.S.A.</div>
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-919-676-9515</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr>,
<abbr class="type" title="VOICE">v</abbr><abbr class="type" title="MSG">m</abbr>)
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-919-676-9564</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr><abbr class="type" title="FAX">f</abbr>)
</div>
[mailto:Frank_Dawson@Lotus.com preferred email],
[mailto:fdawson@earthlink.net alternate email]
</div>

<div class="vcard">
[mailto:howes@netscape.com Tim Howes]
<div class="org">Netscape Communications Corp.</div>
<div class="adr">
<span class="type">work</span> address:
<div class="street-address">501 E. Middlefield Rd.</div>
<span class="locality">Mountain View</span>,
<span class="region">CA</span>
<span class="postal-code">94043</span>
<div class="country-name">U.S.A.</div>
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-415-937-3419</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr>,
<abbr class="type" title="VOICE">v</abbr><abbr class="type" title="MSG">m</abbr>)
</div>
<div class="tel">
<span class="value">+1-415-528-4164</span>
(<abbr class="type" title="WORK">w</abbr><abbr class="type" title="FAX">f</abbr>)
</div>
</div>

== Test Cases ==

These are [[hcard|hCard]] examples which have been found to be particularly useful in finding bugs in hCard parsers (e.g. X2V).

=== Problem with BDAY Information ===

this example:

<pre>

<div class="bday">
<dt>Birthday</dt>
<dd>
<abbr class="value" title="1985-10-27T00:00:00Z">October 27, 1985</abbr>
</dd>
</div>
</pre>

ought to produce "BDAY:1985-10-27T00:00:00Z" but it produces "BDAY:Birthday October 27\, 1985". interesting is that the apple addressbook is still willing to accept it in this way.

=== case-INSENSITIVITY of type values ===

* "home" vs. "Home"

this example works with X2V:

<pre>
<div class="tel">
<dt>Phone (<span class="type">home</span>)</dt>
<dd><span class="value">+438123418</span></dd>
</div>
</pre>

this does not, but should. but instead it becomes just TEL without a type in the vcard

<pre>
<div class="tel">
<dt>Phone (<span class="type">Home</span>)</dt>
<dd><span class="value">+438123418</span></dd>
</div>
</pre>

=== GEO parsing ===
The following hCard:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<span class="n">
<a class="url" href="http://t37.net">
<span class="given-name">Fréderic</span>
<span class="family-name">de Villamil</span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="nickname">neuro</span>
<a class="email" href="mailto:neuroNOSPAM@t37.net">
<span class="type">pref<span>erred</span> email</span>
</a>
<span class="org">Omatis</span>
<span class="adr">
<abbr class="type" title="dom">France</abbr>
<span class="type">home</span> address
<abbr class="type" title="postal">mail</abbr> and
<abbr class="type" title="parcel">shipments</abbr>:
<span class="street-address">12 rue Danton</span>
<span class="locality">Le Kremlin-Bicetre</span>
<span class="postal-code">94270</span>
<span class="country-name">France</span>
</span>
<span class="geo">
<abbr class="latitude" title="48.816667">N 48° 81.6667</abbr>
<abbr class="longitude" title="2.366667">E 2° 36.6667</abbr>
</span>
</div>
</nowiki>
</pre>

Should be translated into the following vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
URL:http://t37.net
ORG:Omatis;;
NICKNAME:neuro
N:de Villamil;Frederic;;Mr.;
EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET,PREF:neuroNOSPAM@t37.net
ADR;TYPE=HOME:;;12 rue danton;le Kremlin-Bicetre;;94270;France
GEO:48.816667;2.366667
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

X2V currently (2005-12-18) fails to parse/export the GEO property at all.

== Other ==

* See [[hcard-brainstorming]] for more examples (which may eventually be moved here) and analysis.

mailing-lists

2006-10-19T04:56:26Z

Bob Jonkman: /*New List Proposal*/ Poll participation

<h1> Mailing Lists </h1>

Read the [http://microformats.org/discuss/ microformats discuss page] first.

Then read the [http://microformats.org/mailinglists-policies/ mailing list policies].

Ok, now here are some additional notes of scope and topics for each list.

__TOC__

== microformats-discuss ==
A mailing list for general discussion of microformats, with a strong leaning towards:

* starting out with microformats
* real-world content authoring

=== good topics for discussion ===
Here is a list (certainly not definitive) of good topics which are appropriate for the microformats-discuss mailing list:

* general thoughts on the design and use of semantic XHTML markup
* how to use and write microformats in content
* how to use microformat design patterns in content

=== good topics that belong somewhere else ===
* see [http://microformats.org/wiki/mailing-lists#good_topics_for_discussion_2 microformats-dev good topics for discussion]

=== bad topics for discussion ===

AKA topics better discussed elsewhere (somewhere other than microformats.org).

Here is a list (also not definitive) of topics which are undesired and inappopriate for the microformats-discuss mailing list. In fact, they're not even worth the time to bother discussing, so please do not bring them up on the microformats-discuss mailing list. We'll add more topics as people come up with more off-topic or out-of-scope or rathole topics.

# '''How to make a "general purpose" (micro)format.''' Go read [http://microformats.org/wiki/microformats#microformats_are_not what microformats are not], actually, go read the entire [[microformats|principles]] page. Sometimes this may masquerade as a "format of formats". Either way, it is one of those boil the ocean ratholes which are far outside the focus of microformats. If you really want to work on such subjects, teach yourself DTD (SGML, XML), XML Schema, Relax NG, RDF Schema, and find the communities working on those technologies.
# '''Using namespaces and namespace prefixes.''' In short, namespaces are neither necessary (the Internet ran just fine without them for decades, go read some RFCs), nor desirable (prefixes make formats far uglier and more difficult to hand-code). See also [[namespaces-considered-harmful]].
# '''Using non-English names for properties'''. This was briefly discussed on the microformats-discuss list most recently as "Language Maps" but has been raised before that. Some folks have raised the issue that microformats use English names for properties, and they would like alternate (non-English) names in other (natural) languages, and perhaps try to establish a mapping between them. As microformats property names are based on existing standards (see [[process]], and [[naming-principles]]), this is another problem that is far outside the scope of microformats. As Ryan King put it, this is a pre-existing (unsolved) "problem" with English-based HTML, the English-based CSS, the English-based HTTP and so on. Note that this is NOT about the internationalization (i18n) of the content and data itself - which is of course an excellent goal, advocated and promoted by microformats and the standards they are based on (e.g. W3C, IETF). This is purely about the names of the properties (and enumerated values) in the formats.

== microformats-dev ==
For discussion of microformats development, with a leaning towards:

* anything that involves writing code
* abstractions / models (in contrast to actual content)

=== good topics for discussion ===
These tend to be topics that belong in microformats-dev instead of microformats-discuss. This list is also not definitive, but illustrates the general areas:

* microformat parsing
* microformat "(auto)-discovery"
* comparisons of microformats with other data abstractions or data representations (e.g. XML, RDF)
* compatibility/interoperability of microformats with other data abstractions or data representations

Formerly, the membership to this list was moderated and limited to people who had demonstrated public implementations of microformats. We've since relaxed this requirement, yet maintain the same expectations that people involved in the discussion are focused on concrete and pragmatic topics related to writing code using microformats.

== microformats-rest ==
For discussion of use of microformats with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer REST], in protocols, services, APIs etc.

== how to search the mailing list archives ==
If your post to the list starts off "I'm new to the list and microformats so I don't know if you've discussed this already" READ THROUGH THE [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/ ARCHIVES]!

The archives are getting larger, so here are a few simple ways you can search them. Most popular search engines imploy some sort of site based results filtering. Google does this in your initial search. Type "site:http://microformats.org/discuss/ <search terms here>" to limit the search results to only our discussion list. This will help you from asking a question that has already been posted, debated, and possibly resolved. It saves everyone time and energy!

== new list proposal ==

There is a proposal for creating a new mailing list for discussing the research and creation of new microformats so that those discussions do not overwhelm microformats-discuss.

Some candidates for names with the thinking behind them. Feel free to add your name and opinion (+/- 1 or 0).

* microformats-new (focusing on discussing "new" microformats)
** +1 tantek
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 Lachlan Hunt
** +1 Joe Andrieu
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** +1 Bob Jonkman
* microformats-research (focusing on the essential, and often overlooked by first-time proposers "research" phase(s) in the process)
** +1 tantek
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 cgriego
** +1 Phae
** +1 JustinThorp
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Joe Andrieu
** -1 Bob Jonkman (research is part of process, best documented on the Wiki)
* microformats-process (That's really what we're talking about with research of new microformats, isn't it?)
** +1 ScottReynen
** +1 Lachlan Hunt
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Joe Andrieu
** -1 cgriego (reminds me of parsing--processing--more so than even microformats-dev)
** -1 Bob Jonkman (Is this the process of creating a new microformat, or the some other process? Document it on the Wiki, I say)
* microformats-propose (it misses the point of the process, and implies that there is a desire for microformats proposals - there isn't)
** -1 tantek
** -1 ScottReynen
** 0 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Bob Jonkman
* microformats-suggest (similar to propose but milder ;)
** +1 ChrisMessina
** 0 tantek
** -1 ScottReynen
** -1 Phae (I feel this is just -propose in disguise)
** - BenWest
** -1 Andy Mabbett
** -1 Bob Jonkman
* nothing (fix uf-dev, do nothing else (for now))
** +1 RyanKing
** +1 BenWest
** +1 Tim White
** +1 Andy Mabbett
** 0 Bob Jonkman

hcard-faq

2006-10-19T03:27:57Z

Bob Jonkman: /* X2V does not convert email with name as plain text */ Commented out poorly rendered example

<h1> hCard FAQ </h1>

This page is for documenting Q&A about [[hcard|hCard]]. If you have a new question to ask, Please consider first asking your question on the [http://microformats.org/mailman/listinfo/microformats-discuss/ microformats-discuss] list.

<h2> Q&A </h2>

=== Should I use ADDRESS for hCards ===
''Should I use the more semantic <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element for my hCards?''
* Yes the <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element is more semantic, but it is ''too'' specifically semantic for most hCard uses. The poorly named <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element really means <contact-info-for-this-web-page>. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.5.6 HTML4 definition of the ADDRESS element] says it is used "to supply contact information for a document or a major part of a document such as a form." Therefore <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> should be used for an hCard ONLY IF that hCard represents the contact information for the page or major part thereof. One example of such a usage is on [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek's blog]. Another way of saying this is the following two statements: Every <address> on a page SHOULD be an hCard. But not every hCard should be an <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code>. <br /> In short, '''DO NOT''' use <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> to markup addresses in general. Only use it to markup the contact information for the page (or major part thereof), and when doing so, use it to markup ''the entire'' contact information (via <address class="vcard">), not just the address of the contact.

=== Why is url property necessary ===
''Why is it necessary to put class name "url" on URL elements in the hCard when those hyperlinks already start with "http://", and that is enough to distinguish them from email links?''
* The classname "url" is necessary to explicitly distinguish hyperlinks that are URL elements for the hCard, from email hyperlinks, as well as hyperlinks to photos, or other random hyperlinks that happen to be inside the hCard.

=== How do I support an existing vCard URL ===
''I already have a vCard that I keep up-to-date. I don't want to change any references to it because it might break something else, what can I do?''
* You can use .HTACCESS to rewrite links to your vCard to a webservice that converts a page to the vCard dynamically, to do this you need to add something similar to your .htaccess file
<pre>
RewriteRule ^path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php\?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

Now you shouldn't have to do anything else, all links to the "old.vcf" are redirected to the webservice and will return a new vCard that is dynamially generated from your page.

I think that using 'Redirect' is better than using mod_rewrite (is not enabled on some hosts) --Robert Bachmann
<pre>
Redirect /path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

=== What are plural hCard properties ===
''Is there a list of all hCard properties which can be plural?''<br />
''Is there a list of all the properties which can have multiple instances?''
* There is the [[hcard#Property_List|list of hCard properties]], and the list of [[hcard#Singular_properties|singular hCard properties]]. Everything that is not singular is plural. This list was presented explicitly (after much analysis of RFC2426) because it was too hard to read RFC2426 and reliably grok which properties were singular vs. plural.

Old previous answer:
* We have avoided *duplicating* (or providing a shortcut for) the "can this property occur multiple times or not" deliberately in order to avoid repeating a constraint from RFC 2426 vCard, and thus potentially getting it wrong. Here is the way to determine whether or not a particular property can occur multiple times (is a plural property / may have multiple instances or values).
* Check the [[hcard-profile|hCard XMDP profile]] for the property definition.
* If the property definition references a plural form in RFC 2426 (e.g. honorific-suffix references honorific suffixes), then the property is a plural property.
* Else go check the referenced section in RFC 2426 which should state explicitly whether or not the property is plural or singular.
* Else (if RFC 2426 is *not* explicit) then the property is plural.

=== What does FN stand for ===

''What does FN stand for?''
* FN stands for "Formatted Name." From Section 3.1.1 of the RFC:
<blockquote>Type purpose: To specify the formatted text corresponding to the name of the object the vCard represents.</blockquote>
* The reasoning behind this seems to be that, while N gives us a structured name, FN gives us the human-readable, formatted name which is assembled from its structured parts in a culturally dependant way.

=== How is gender represented ===
''How do you represent gender in hCard?''
* There is no GENDER property in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]. [[hcard|hCard]] is following the schema from vCard for interoperability reasons. If you want, it is possible to represent gender implicitly in the honorific-prefix field, e.g. Mr. for male, and Ms. for female:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
</nowiki></pre>
or
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Ms.</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note that there is also a [http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/properties/vcard_name.asp page on MSDN that mentions vCard and "gender"]. Not sure what to make of that.

=== Can an hCard contains extra elements ===
''Is it OK for an hCard node to contain extra elements?''
* Yes, parsers will ignore anything they don't understand.

=== Can a GEO be inferred from an ADR in an hCard ===
''Can I automatically add GEO from an address when transfoming an hCard to vCard if it is not present?''
* No, an address represents a building which is a polygon, whereas a GEO only represents a single point

=== X2V does not convert email with name as plain text ===
''X2V doesn't convert my email address correctly, it is in the form href="FirstName LastName <Email@example.com>"''
* While that form of email address works for some programs such as outlook, it is not a valid mailto: value (see [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2368.html RFC2368]) the FirstName and LastName should be omitted.

One possible valid hCard markup would be:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">Firstname Lastname</span>
&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:Email@example.com">Email@example.com</a>&gt;
</span>
</nowiki></pre>



This might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black">
Firstname Lastname <[http://email@example.com email@example.com]>
</div>

=== What hCard properties are required ===
''What properties are required in an hCard?''
* The only required properties are 'fn' (the formatted name) and 'n' (the structured name), but 'n' can under certain circumstances be inferred from the <code>fn</code> property. See the [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|Implied N Optimization]] for details.

=== Does N property require all subproperties ===
''If I use the 'n' property, do I have to use ALL of the sub-properties?''
* No, You can use as many or as few as you need to mark-up the name, but at a minimum you should at least use the 'given-name' and 'family-name' sub-properties if at all possible. If all you have is a nickname/handle/userid, then consider simply marking it up as an 'fn' property and taking advantage of the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization Implied "nickname" Optimization].

=== Do FN and N need to be on same element ===
''Do the 'fn' and 'n' properties have to be on the same element?''
* No, you can have two separate elements, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<p class="vcard">My name is
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Q</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>
</span>
but you can just call me
<span class="fn">Johnny</span>
</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you convert a vCard to an hCard ===
''Is there a way to convert a vCard to an hCard?''
* There is no canonical conversion from a vCard to an hCard because you can construct an hCard in many different ways while expressing the same semantics. If you would like to recommend a suggested template hCard to use when displaying vCards in a browser, please propose it to the [http://microformats.org/discuss mailing list].

=== Are descendant elements recognized in a microformat ===
''Are descendants recognized in a microformat property?''
* Yes, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="country-name">United States <small>of</small> America</span>
</nowiki></pre>
The output would be "United States of America".

=== Do properties like TEL use all descendants ===
''Do properties like TEL use all descendants?'' e.g. <pre><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1.234.567.8900</span></span></nowiki></pre><br>''Shouldn't that output be "TEL:Home: +1.234.567.8900"?''
* No. class="value" is used to denote a sub-element which is used for the value of the property. See [[hcard#Value_excerpting|Value excerpting]] for more details.

=== Can you have multiple value elements ===
''Can you have multiple class="value" elements inside a property and what happens to them?''
* Sure, for example:
<code><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1</span>.<span class="value">234</span>.<span class="value">567</span>.<span class="value">8900</span></span>
</nowiki></code><br> would output: "+12345678900".

=== Can you mix properties and the root class name ===
''<span id="nesting-properties">Can you put properties on the same element as the root class for a microformat? E.g. class="vcard fn"?</span>''
* No, for several reasons:
** It breaks the simple contextual CSS selector rule for finding and styling property values: .rootname .propertyname which will make it more difficult to write scoped CSS for the properties. For more on why this is important see the [[faq#Class_interactions|microformats FAQ regarding class interactions]].
** It will result in more confusion for parsers which may be parsing nested microformats.

=== Can you mix a property and its subproperties ===
''Can singular sub-properties be mixed with parents?''
* No, all sub-properties MUST be on elements inside their parents.

=== Can you use query strings on email ===
''What happened to the Query String on my email address?''
* Query strings are removed from email addresses because they are not valid for importing to vCards

=== Are ADR and TEL types case sensitive ===
''Is the list of possible types for an ADR and TEL case sensitive?''
* No, enumerated values are case-INsensitive, therefore Home, home, HOME, etc. are all equivalent.

=== How does GEO work with ABBR ===
''What happens to the GEO sub-properties when GEO is used with ABBR?''
* The GEO property can be represented two different ways:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">123.45</span>
<span class="longitude">67.89</span>
</span>

<abbr class="geo" title="123.45;67.89">My House</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
When used with an <abbr> element the latitude and longitude are seperated by a semicolon.

=== Why is the root class name vcard ===
''Why is the root class="vcard" and not 'hcard'?''
* The reason is historical, hCard is based off of the vCard specification.

=== How do you markup a phone extension ===
''How do I mark-up a phone extension in hCard?''
There doesn't seem to be a way to declare a telephone extension in the vCard RFC2426 spec, the suggested way is currently:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">cell</span>: <span class="value">800 555-1212 x 1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you encode IM accounts ===
''How do I encode my IM account in hCard?''
* see [[hcard-examples#New_Types_of_Contact_Info|hCard examples: New Types of Contact Info]]

=== Can you hCard the deceased ===
''How do you make an hCard for the deceased?''
* vCards were never designed to handle date-of-death, please refer to the biographical or [[genealogy-formats]] microformat

=== Any plans for xparams ===
''Are there plans to include x-parameters in future versions of hCard?''
* No. The problem is that each of these x-parameters are vendor specific and are not part of the RFC. Secondly, there is no way to be 100% sure that 'x-foobar' is not just a content-specific HTML class name that the publisher is using for CSS styling.

=== What is a word in implied optimizations ===
''What constitutes a "word" for the purpose of 'implied-n optimization'?''
* "N" can be implied from "FN" when the content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace. For this purpose, a "word" is any sequence of non-whitespace characters including but not limited to low- and high-range alphanumerics and punctuation. A "word" can be characterised by the following regular expression: <pre><nowiki>/\S+/</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you create non English tooltips ===
''My website is not in English and i want the tooltips to be in my native language''
* Properties such as class="type" require an enumerated list of English words. It is possible to use your native language for the displaying tooltip, but still use the English work for the class="type" without it being shown.
<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="type" title="home">
<span title="[your native word for home here]">
to my home
</span>
</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
Having an span with a title attribute inside the abbr element will only display the title on the span, where you have the text (your native word for home here).

hcard-faq

2006-10-19T03:08:31Z

Bob Jonkman: /* X2V does not convert email with name as plain text */ changed example to 'example.com', supplied valid hcard markup

<h1> hCard FAQ </h1>

This page is for documenting Q&A about [[hcard|hCard]]. If you have a new question to ask, Please consider first asking your question on the [http://microformats.org/mailman/listinfo/microformats-discuss/ microformats-discuss] list.

<h2> Q&A </h2>

=== Should I use ADDRESS for hCards ===
''Should I use the more semantic <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element for my hCards?''
* Yes the <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element is more semantic, but it is ''too'' specifically semantic for most hCard uses. The poorly named <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> element really means <contact-info-for-this-web-page>. The [http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#h-7.5.6 HTML4 definition of the ADDRESS element] says it is used "to supply contact information for a document or a major part of a document such as a form." Therefore <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> should be used for an hCard ONLY IF that hCard represents the contact information for the page or major part thereof. One example of such a usage is on [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek's blog]. Another way of saying this is the following two statements: Every <address> on a page SHOULD be an hCard. But not every hCard should be an <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code>. <br /> In short, '''DO NOT''' use <code><nowiki><address></nowiki></code> to markup addresses in general. Only use it to markup the contact information for the page (or major part thereof), and when doing so, use it to markup ''the entire'' contact information (via <address class="vcard">), not just the address of the contact.

=== Why is url property necessary ===
''Why is it necessary to put class name "url" on URL elements in the hCard when those hyperlinks already start with "http://", and that is enough to distinguish them from email links?''
* The classname "url" is necessary to explicitly distinguish hyperlinks that are URL elements for the hCard, from email hyperlinks, as well as hyperlinks to photos, or other random hyperlinks that happen to be inside the hCard.

=== How do I support an existing vCard URL ===
''I already have a vCard that I keep up-to-date. I don't want to change any references to it because it might break something else, what can I do?''
* You can use .HTACCESS to rewrite links to your vCard to a webservice that converts a page to the vCard dynamically, to do this you need to add something similar to your .htaccess file
<pre>
RewriteRule ^path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php\?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

Now you shouldn't have to do anything else, all links to the "old.vcf" are redirected to the webservice and will return a new vCard that is dynamially generated from your page.

I think that using 'Redirect' is better than using mod_rewrite (is not enabled on some hosts) --Robert Bachmann
<pre>
Redirect /path/to/old.vcf http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://example.com/hCard_encoded.htm&filename=old.vcf
</pre>

=== What are plural hCard properties ===
''Is there a list of all hCard properties which can be plural?''<br />
''Is there a list of all the properties which can have multiple instances?''
* There is the [[hcard#Property_List|list of hCard properties]], and the list of [[hcard#Singular_properties|singular hCard properties]]. Everything that is not singular is plural. This list was presented explicitly (after much analysis of RFC2426) because it was too hard to read RFC2426 and reliably grok which properties were singular vs. plural.

Old previous answer:
* We have avoided *duplicating* (or providing a shortcut for) the "can this property occur multiple times or not" deliberately in order to avoid repeating a constraint from RFC 2426 vCard, and thus potentially getting it wrong. Here is the way to determine whether or not a particular property can occur multiple times (is a plural property / may have multiple instances or values).
* Check the [[hcard-profile|hCard XMDP profile]] for the property definition.
* If the property definition references a plural form in RFC 2426 (e.g. honorific-suffix references honorific suffixes), then the property is a plural property.
* Else go check the referenced section in RFC 2426 which should state explicitly whether or not the property is plural or singular.
* Else (if RFC 2426 is *not* explicit) then the property is plural.

=== What does FN stand for ===

''What does FN stand for?''
* FN stands for "Formatted Name." From Section 3.1.1 of the RFC:
<blockquote>Type purpose: To specify the formatted text corresponding to the name of the object the vCard represents.</blockquote>
* The reasoning behind this seems to be that, while N gives us a structured name, FN gives us the human-readable, formatted name which is assembled from its structured parts in a culturally dependant way.

=== How is gender represented ===
''How do you represent gender in hCard?''
* There is no GENDER property in [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]. [[hcard|hCard]] is following the schema from vCard for interoperability reasons. If you want, it is possible to represent gender implicitly in the honorific-prefix field, e.g. Mr. for male, and Ms. for female:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
</nowiki></pre>
or
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="honorific-prefix">Ms.</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Note that there is also a [http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/properties/vcard_name.asp page on MSDN that mentions vCard and "gender"]. Not sure what to make of that.

=== Can an hCard contains extra elements ===
''Is it OK for an hCard node to contain extra elements?''
* Yes, parsers will ignore anything they don't understand.

=== Can a GEO be inferred from an ADR in an hCard ===
''Can I automatically add GEO from an address when transfoming an hCard to vCard if it is not present?''
* No, an address represents a building which is a polygon, whereas a GEO only represents a single point

=== X2V does not convert email with name as plain text ===
''X2V doesn't convert my email address correctly, it is in the form href="FirstName LastName <Email@example.com>"''
* While that form of email address works for some programs such as outlook, it is not a valid mailto: value (see [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2368.html RFC2368]) the FirstName and LastName should be omitted.

One possible valid hCard markup would be:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vcard">
<span class="fn">Firstname Lastname</span>
<<a class="email" href="mailto:Email@example.com">Email@example.com</a>>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This might be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black">
<span class="vcard"><span class="fn">Firstname Lastname</span> <<a class="email" href="mailto:Email@example.com">Email@example.com</a>></span>
</div>

=== What hCard properties are required ===
''What properties are required in an hCard?''
* The only required properties are 'fn' (the formatted name) and 'n' (the structured name), but 'n' can under certain circumstances be inferred from the <code>fn</code> property. See the [[hcard#Implied_.22n.22_Optimization|Implied N Optimization]] for details.

=== Does N property require all subproperties ===
''If I use the 'n' property, do I have to use ALL of the sub-properties?''
* No, You can use as many or as few as you need to mark-up the name, but at a minimum you should at least use the 'given-name' and 'family-name' sub-properties if at all possible. If all you have is a nickname/handle/userid, then consider simply marking it up as an 'fn' property and taking advantage of the [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Implied_.22nickname.22_Optimization Implied "nickname" Optimization].

=== Do FN and N need to be on same element ===
''Do the 'fn' and 'n' properties have to be on the same element?''
* No, you can have two separate elements, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<p class="vcard">My name is
<span class="n">
<span class="honorific-prefix">Mr.</span>
<span class="given-name">John</span>
<span class="additional-name">Q</span>
<span class="family-name">Public</span>
</span>
but you can just call me
<span class="fn">Johnny</span>
</p>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you convert a vCard to an hCard ===
''Is there a way to convert a vCard to an hCard?''
* There is no canonical conversion from a vCard to an hCard because you can construct an hCard in many different ways while expressing the same semantics. If you would like to recommend a suggested template hCard to use when displaying vCards in a browser, please propose it to the [http://microformats.org/discuss mailing list].

=== Are descendant elements recognized in a microformat ===
''Are descendants recognized in a microformat property?''
* Yes, for example:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="country-name">United States <small>of</small> America</span>
</nowiki></pre>
The output would be "United States of America".

=== Do properties like TEL use all descendants ===
''Do properties like TEL use all descendants?'' e.g. <pre><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1.234.567.8900</span></span></nowiki></pre><br>''Shouldn't that output be "TEL:Home: +1.234.567.8900"?''
* No. class="value" is used to denote a sub-element which is used for the value of the property. See [[hcard#Value_excerpting|Value excerpting]] for more details.

=== Can you have multiple value elements ===
''Can you have multiple class="value" elements inside a property and what happens to them?''
* Sure, for example:
<code><nowiki><span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span>:<span class="value">+1</span>.<span class="value">234</span>.<span class="value">567</span>.<span class="value">8900</span></span>
</nowiki></code><br> would output: "+12345678900".

=== Can you mix properties and the root class name ===
''<span id="nesting-properties">Can you put properties on the same element as the root class for a microformat? E.g. class="vcard fn"?</span>''
* No, for several reasons:
** It breaks the simple contextual CSS selector rule for finding and styling property values: .rootname .propertyname which will make it more difficult to write scoped CSS for the properties. For more on why this is important see the [[faq#Class_interactions|microformats FAQ regarding class interactions]].
** It will result in more confusion for parsers which may be parsing nested microformats.

=== Can you mix a property and its subproperties ===
''Can singular sub-properties be mixed with parents?''
* No, all sub-properties MUST be on elements inside their parents.

=== Can you use query strings on email ===
''What happened to the Query String on my email address?''
* Query strings are removed from email addresses because they are not valid for importing to vCards

=== Are ADR and TEL types case sensitive ===
''Is the list of possible types for an ADR and TEL case sensitive?''
* No, enumerated values are case-INsensitive, therefore Home, home, HOME, etc. are all equivalent.

=== How does GEO work with ABBR ===
''What happens to the GEO sub-properties when GEO is used with ABBR?''
* The GEO property can be represented two different ways:
<pre>
<nowiki>
<span class="geo">
<span class="latitude">123.45</span>
<span class="longitude">67.89</span>
</span>

<abbr class="geo" title="123.45;67.89">My House</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
When used with an <abbr> element the latitude and longitude are seperated by a semicolon.

=== Why is the root class name vcard ===
''Why is the root class="vcard" and not 'hcard'?''
* The reason is historical, hCard is based off of the vCard specification.

=== How do you markup a phone extension ===
''How do I mark-up a phone extension in hCard?''
There doesn't seem to be a way to declare a telephone extension in the vCard RFC2426 spec, the suggested way is currently:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">cell</span>: <span class="value">800 555-1212 x 1234</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you encode IM accounts ===
''How do I encode my IM account in hCard?''
* see [[hcard-examples#New_Types_of_Contact_Info|hCard examples: New Types of Contact Info]]

=== Can you hCard the deceased ===
''How do you make an hCard for the deceased?''
* vCards were never designed to handle date-of-death, please refer to the biographical or [[genealogy-formats]] microformat

=== Any plans for xparams ===
''Are there plans to include x-parameters in future versions of hCard?''
* No. The problem is that each of these x-parameters are vendor specific and are not part of the RFC. Secondly, there is no way to be 100% sure that 'x-foobar' is not just a content-specific HTML class name that the publisher is using for CSS styling.

=== What is a word in implied optimizations ===
''What constitutes a "word" for the purpose of 'implied-n optimization'?''
* "N" can be implied from "FN" when the content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace. For this purpose, a "word" is any sequence of non-whitespace characters including but not limited to low- and high-range alphanumerics and punctuation. A "word" can be characterised by the following regular expression: <pre><nowiki>/\S+/</nowiki></pre>

=== How do you create non English tooltips ===
''My website is not in English and i want the tooltips to be in my native language''
* Properties such as class="type" require an enumerated list of English words. It is possible to use your native language for the displaying tooltip, but still use the English work for the class="type" without it being shown.
<pre><nowiki>
<abbr class="type" title="home">
<span title="[your native word for home here]">
to my home
</span>
</abbr>
</nowiki>
</pre>
Having an span with a title attribute inside the abbr element will only display the title on the span, where you have the text (your native word for home here).

semantic-xhtml-design-principles

2006-10-14T16:43:14Z

Bob Jonkman: Added section from a mailing list post by Tantek

=Semantic XHTML Design Principles=

__TOC__

XHTML is built on XML, and thus XHTML-based formats can be used not only for convenient display presentation, but also for general-purpose data exchange. In many ways, XHTML-based formats exemplify the best of both HTML and XML worlds. However, when building XHTML-based formats, it helps to have a guiding set of principles.

# Reuse the schema (names, objects, properties, values, types, hierarchies, constraints) as much as possible from pre-existing, established, well-supported standards by reference. Avoid restating constraints expressed in the source standard. Informative mentions are ok.
## For types with multiple components, use nested elements with class names equivalent to the names of the components.
## Plural components are made singular, and thus multiple nested elements are used to represent multiple text values that are comma-delimited.
# Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc.
# Otherwise use a generic structural element (e.g. <code><span></code> or <code><div></code>), or the appropriate contextual element (e.g. an <code><li></code> inside a <code><ul></code> or <code><ol></code>).
# Use class names based on names from the original schema, unless the [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]] building block precisely represents that part of the original schema. If names in the source schema are case-insensitive, then use an all lowercase equivalent. Components names implicit in prose (rather than explicit in the defined schema) should also use lowercase equivalents for ease of use. Spaces in component names become dash '-' characters.
# Finally, if the format of the data according to the original schema is too long and/or not human-friendly, use <code><abbr></code> instead of a generic structural element, and place the literal data into the 'title' attribute (where abbr expansions go), and the more brief and human-readable equivalent into the element itself. Further informative explanation of this use of <code><abbr></code>: [http://tantek.com/log/2005/01.html#d26t0100 Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved]

==Semantic XHTML and Microformats==
(from Tantek Çelik on the [http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.web.microformats.general/6014 microformats-discuss mailing list])

Note that microformats use semantic XHTML, but not all use of semantic
XHTML are microformats.

Web designers and authors are using semantic XHTML everyday without using
microformats, and that's perfectly fine. They are not trying to create
standards and interoperably/automatically exchange data with each other.
They are simply expressing the semantics of their documents.

Whereas microformats follow a specific process and are intended to provide
a way for publishers worldwide to easily interoperably exchange simple
bits of data.

http://microformats.org/wiki/process

This distinction between "semantic XHTML" and "microformats" is very
important to understand and is often confused - I've even seen W3C staff
themselves call microformats "just using good class names", which is
incorrect. (Using good class names is simply one of the practices of
semantic XHTML).

semantic-xhtml-design-principles

2006-10-14T16:25:37Z

Bob Jonkman: Replace template link with actual text

=Semantic XHTML Design Principles=

XHTML is built on XML, and thus XHTML-based formats can be used not only for convenient display presentation, but also for general-purpose data exchange. In many ways, XHTML-based formats exemplify the best of both HTML and XML worlds. However, when building XHTML-based formats, it helps to have a guiding set of principles.

# Reuse the schema (names, objects, properties, values, types, hierarchies, constraints) as much as possible from pre-existing, established, well-supported standards by reference. Avoid restating constraints expressed in the source standard. Informative mentions are ok.
## For types with multiple components, use nested elements with class names equivalent to the names of the components.
## Plural components are made singular, and thus multiple nested elements are used to represent multiple text values that are comma-delimited.
# Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc.
# Otherwise use a generic structural element (e.g. <code><span></code> or <code><div></code>), or the appropriate contextual element (e.g. an <code><li></code> inside a <code><ul></code> or <code><ol></code>).
# Use class names based on names from the original schema, unless the [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]] building block precisely represents that part of the original schema. If names in the source schema are case-insensitive, then use an all lowercase equivalent. Components names implicit in prose (rather than explicit in the defined schema) should also use lowercase equivalents for ease of use. Spaces in component names become dash '-' characters.
# Finally, if the format of the data according to the original schema is too long and/or not human-friendly, use <code><abbr></code> instead of a generic structural element, and place the literal data into the 'title' attribute (where abbr expansions go), and the more brief and human-readable equivalent into the element itself. Further informative explanation of this use of <code><abbr></code>: [http://tantek.com/log/2005/01.html#d26t0100 Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved]

currency-brainstorming

2006-10-13T05:26:49Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Mike Stickel */ Comment on language attribute.

== Brainstorming ==

Brainstorming for the proposed [[currency]] microformat.

===Ben Buchanan===
<p>Verbose but extensible and explicitly defines all values (without breaking DRY):</p>

<pre><div class="currency">
<p class="figure">
<span class="code">code</span>
<span class="sign">symbol</span>
<span class="amount">12345</span>
</p>
</div></pre>
<p>"figure" is there to both explicitly associate the code, sign and amount but also allow the potential for more than one currency figure to be placed within the container. It does anticipate further development though and is the most easily dropped item at the early stage.</p>

<p>Without figure:</p>
<pre><div class="currency">
<span class="code">code</span>
<span class="sign">symbol</span>
<span class="amount">12345</span>
</div></pre>

<p>Super shortened, relying on the parser to identify everything via implied order/structure:</p>

<pre><div class="currency">ABC12345$</div></pre>

<p>Although the simplest solution, it has a notable vulnerability: some currencies have/had three-letter abbreviations for their currency sign, instead of a symbol. This would make it very difficult for a parser to accurately identify such a currency.</p>
<p>In addition, it should be noted that the order alone cannot be used to identify which parts are code, sign and amount; since many currencies are denoted with the sign <em>after</em> the number.</p>

<p>Super shortened, but specifying a currency code as a class:</p>

<pre><div class="currency ABC">12345$</div></pre>

<p>It defines...</p>

<ol type="a">
<li>we're talking about money - ISO standard implied,</li>
<li>we're talking about the USD variety,</li>
<li>we're talking fifty units of that money,</li>
<li>a parser could work out the numbers and the symbol.</li>
</ol>

<p>The biggest limitation I can see for that shorthand is that the currency code is not displayed visibly to human readers. The currency code is useful information to viewers and ideally should be displayed.</p>

<p>Shortened (including dropping 'figure', but explicitly defining and displaying the currency code. This would allow a parser to treat any remaining numbers as the amount; and any remaining a-z or symbol as the sign:</p>

<pre><div class="currency">
<span class="code">ABC</span>12345$</p>
</div></pre>

===Charles Iliya Krempeaux===
<p>Maybe something like...</p>

<pre>Pay me <abbr class="currency" title="CAD">$</abbr>5.00 now!</pre>

<p>Although something like the the following might be better...</p>

<pre>Pay me <span class="money"><abbr class="currency" title="CAD">$</abbr>5.00</span> now!</pre>

<p>But it might be more semantic salt than is considered necessary. Just having the abbr with the class-currency near a number might be good enough. But that's open for discussion though.</p>

=== Ben Ward ===
<p>Could pure HTML be sufficient?</p>
<pre><html lang="en-gb">
<p>My new T-Shirts cost £30, but it cost my friend in Canada <span lang="en-ca">$34</span></p>
</html></pre>

===Arve Bersvendsen ===
<pre><p lang="nb">Den kanadiske prisen på t-skjorten var <span class="currency CAD">34 $</span>.</p></pre>

=== Mike Stickel ===
<pre><span class="money"><abbr class="currency" title="CAD eng">$</abbr><span class="amount">5.00</span></span></pre>
<p>In this format the wrapping would be "money" or something similar followed by either the actual "amount" or the "currency", depending on what rules your country/language follows in regards to the order.
Since there can be a difference between different languages within countries I thought it might be a good idea to include that in the "currency" definition of the formating, eg., "CAD eng" or "CAD fr".
It could also give sites that list multiple languages a way to differentiate when they show multiple prices.</p>

:Good idea, but shouldn't a Microformat use existing markup for language attributes, eg.

:<pre><span class="money"><abbr class="currency" title="CAD" lang="en">$</abbr><span class="amount">5.00</span></span></pre>

:Reference [http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/struct/dirlang.html#h-8.1 w3.org: 8.1 Specifying the language of content: the lang attribute]
:[[User:Bob Jonkman|Bob Jonkman]] 22:26, 12 Oct 2006 (PDT)

=== Ciaran McNulty ===
<p>The only microformat that I've noticed currency units in is [[hListing]], and that deliberately shies away from parsing the actual values because it's too free-form in most existing Listing formats.</p>

<p>My own preference would be for something like:</p>
<pre><p class="money">This item costs
<span class="currency">GBP</span>
<span class="amount">10.00</span>
</p></pre>

<p>Which with similar parsing rules to existing formats would also allow things like:</p>
<pre><p class="money">
It'll cost you
<abbr class="currency" title="50.00">fifty</abbr>
<abbr class="amount" title="GBP">quid</abbr>
, mate!
</p></pre>
<p>Or, a more complex example with multiple languages:</p>
<pre>
<p lang="en">Price:
<span class="money">
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">£</abbr>
<span class="amount">1,250.00</span>
</span>
<span lang="fr" class="money">
(Prix:
<span class="amount">1600,00</span>
<abbr class="currency" title="EUR">€</abbr>
)
</span>
</p></pre>

===Andy Mabbett===

====Straw man proposal====

(this reflects Ciaran McNulty's proposals, above)

In order to use currency as a sub-class, the parent should be named 'money'

*money - class (required) '''[or "currency"?]'''
**currency - class (required; uses ISO 4217) '''[or "type"?]'''
**amount - class (required) '''[or "value"?]'''
**year - class (optional - for historic values only) (better "'''date'''", in [[datetime-design-pattern]]. Consider inflation in Germany in 1930s!)
**symbol - class (optional - so that we know whether the symbol is present; or whether it needs to be generated by the user agent; it will also help user agents to ignore $ and other such symbols, when used for purposes other than to indicate a currency, or to remove them, when translating to a different currency.)
**unit - class (subdivison of currency; use as "symbol")
**equivalence - class (optional; conversion should be done by the user agent. Do we need this? Does it need a numeric value?)

All classes may occur only once, apart from ''symbol'' (to allow for "£14 6s 2d") and ''unit'' (to allow for "five pounds 23 pence").

=====Examples=====
Thus:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">A widget costs
<abbr class="currency symbol" title="USD">$</abbr>
<span class="amount">12.57</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<th>Spaghetti-knitter</th>
<td class="money">
<abbr class="currency" title="USD">
<span class="amount">42.67</span>
</abbr>
</td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
Can you spare
<abbr class="amount" title="10">ten</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="USD">
<span class="unit">dollars</span>
</abbr>?
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
It was worth
<abbr class="amount" title="0.5">50</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<span class="unit">pence</span>.
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
(note, in the above, that "unit" does not relate directly to the amount in the amount's title abttibute - it's 0.5 pounds, not 0.5 pence.)

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">In
<span class="year">1857</span>
a Dickens novel cost
<abbr class="amount" title="0.05">1</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<abbr class="symbol unit" title="shilling">/</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

(The above might be rendered as "... 1/ (worth £4.50 in modern terms" (or whatever the value would be).)

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
<abbr class="amount" title="14.32">
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<abbr class="symbol" title="pound">£</abbr>14
</abbr>
6<abbr class="unit" title="shilling">s</abbr>
4<abbr class="unit" title="old-penny">d</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
<abbr class="equivalence" title="EUR">
<abbr class="currency" title="FFR">10</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

The following, simplified for clarity, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_in_Germany#Inflation_and_Repercussions]:

<pre><nowiki>
On
<span class="currency">
<abbr class=date" title="1922-08-01>August 1</abbr>,
the US Dollar still stood at
<span class="value">643</span>
<abbr class="type="GDM">Marks</abbr>
</span>
to the Dollar. But on
<span class="currency">
<abbr class=date" title="1922-09-05>September 5</abbr>
the dollar had already risen to
<span class="value">1,440</span>
<abbr class="type="GDM">Marks</abbr></span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Is there anything sensible which ''can't'' be done with the above?

=====Assumptions=====

*Working out values in secondary currencies is a (real-time or daily) job for server-side scripting or user agents.

*If "£" is an abbreviation, then its title is "pounds sterling"; though note that "£5" is pronounced as "five pounds sterling" (commonly just "five pounds") and not: "pounds sterling five" in the same way that "$5" is pronounced as: "five dollars" and not "dollars five"

=====Issues=====

*There will be complications where the entire currency has disappeared, (such as the last example; French Francs into Euros).

* Where no symbol or unit is involved (chiefly in tables, where they will be in the header cell), should we allow:

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<th>Spaghetti-knitter</th>
<td class="money USD amount">42.67</span></td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

===Guillaume Lebleu ===

In the context of a hListing's price, without a unit:

<pre>
<span class="price"><abbr class="currency" title="EUR">€</abbr>100</span>
</pre>

Rendered view:

<span class="price"><abbr class="currency" title="EUR">€</abbr>100</span>

In the context of a hListing's price, with a unit:

<pre>
<span class="price currencyamount"><abbr class="currency" title="USD">$</abbv><span
class="amount">25</span> <span class="unit" title="BLL">per
barrel</span></span>
</pre>

<pre>
<span class="price currencyamount"><span class="amount">25</span> <abbr class="currency"
title="USD">$</abbr><abbr class="unit" title="BLL">/bbl</abbr></span>
</pre>

Note: the class "amount" may not always be required, but it is useful when the amount is represented as text, or when the amount is mixed within text. See historical example below.

Rendered view:

<span class="price currencyamount"><abbr class="currency" title="USD">$</abbr><span
class="value">25</span> <span class="unit" title="BLL">per
barrel</span></span>

<span class="price currencyamount"><span class="amount">25</span> <abbr class="currency"
title="USD">$</abbr><abbr class="unit" title="BLL">/bbl</abbr></span>

Outside of the context of a hListing (not all currency amounts are prices, for instance sales numbers):

<pre>
<span class="currencyamount"><abbr class="currency" title="EUR">€</abbr>100</span>
</pre>

Historical price (here currency rate):

<pre>
<span class="price currencyamount">On <abbr class="datetime"
title="1998-03-12T08:30:00-05:00">August 1</abbr>, the US Dollar still
stood at <span class="amount">643 <abbr class="currency"
title="DEM">Marks</abbr></span> to the <span class="unit currency"
title="USD">Dollar</span>.</span>
</pre>

In a table:

<pre>
<table>
<tr>
<th class="currencyamount price">Price (<abbr class="currency" title="CAD">C$</abbr>)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
</table>
</pre>

Rendered view:

<table>
<tr>
<th class="currencyamount price">Price (<abbr class="currency" title="CAD">C$</abbr>)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>100</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Gary Jones ===

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="currency">
<abbr class="type" title="CAD">$</abbr>
<span class="value">5.00</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Renders as:

<span class="currency"><abbr class="type" title="CAD">$</abbr><span class="value">5.00</span></span>

If the formatting of a currency is such that the type symbol comes after the value, then simply swap the order of the type and value elements.

I do think that the use of "type" and "value" classes would be better than variations of "currency_symbol" and "amount". It follows the same principles as some other elemental formats ([http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Value_excerpting value excerpting]), meaning it's [http://microformats.org/wiki/naming-principles#Minimal_Vocabulary easier to remember] and implement, and even ISO4217 has codes for "currencies" that don't use symbols:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="currency">
<span class="value">23</span> ounces of
<abbr class="type" title="XAG">gold</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Renders as:

<span class="currency"><span class="value">23</span> ounces of <abbr class="type" title="XAG">gold</abbr></span>

Following on from this, the use of a "money" class should not be used; currency does not ''have'' to be money, and having a "metal" class starts to make it convoluted. Currency is the parent of money, not the other way around.

===Mike Schinkel===
I'm taking Andy Mabbett's post and applying my thoughts to his.

Rather than:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">A widget costs
<abbr class="currency symbol" title="USD">$</abbr>
<span class="amount">12.57</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Why not just:

<pre><nowiki>
A widget costs <span class="currency" title="USD">$12.57</span>
</nowiki></pre>

In the above, a number is assumed because their is not an "amount", and the number digit is the currency symbol. I guess what I'm saying is if there is a number in the HTML and it is the correct number (which I think will be the 80 percentile case, give or take, then why require additional markup for it?)

Rather than:

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<th>Spaghetti-knitter</th>
<td class="money">
<abbr class="currency" title="USD">
<span class="amount">42.67</span>
</abbr>
</td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

Just:

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<th>Spaghetti-knitter</th>
<td class="currency" title="USD">42.67</td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

Or:

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<th>Spaghetti-knitter</th>
<td>
<span class="currency" title="USD">42.67</span>
</td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

In this case, which is a little more complicated:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
Can you spare
<abbr class="amount" title="10">ten</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="USD">
<span class="unit">dollars</span>
</abbr>?
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Why not use the following:

<pre><nowiki>
Can you spare
<span class="currency" title="USD">
<abbr class="amount" title="10">ten</abbr>
<span class="unit">dollars</span>
</span>?
</nowiki></pre>

Here:

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
It was worth
<abbr class="amount" title="0.5">50</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<span class="unit">pence</span>.
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Why not?

<pre><nowiki>
It was worth
<span class="currency" title="GBP">
<abbr class="amount" title="0.5">50</abbr>
<span class="unit">pence</span>
</span>?
</nowiki></pre>

I'm not going to try to mark up the following two since, thus far, [http://www.vizu.com/poll-vote.html?n=15067 no one has voted for dated money amounts or non-numerical representations] (those might be better expressed in their own microformat: [[hHistoricalCurrency]]?):

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">In
<span class="year">1857</span>
a Dickens novel cost
<abbr class="amount" title="0.05">1</abbr>
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<abbr class="symbol unit" title="shilling">/</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
<abbr class="amount" title="14.32">
<abbr class="currency" title="GBP">
<abbr class="symbol" title="pound">£</abbr>14
</abbr>
6<abbr class="unit" title="shilling">s</abbr>
4<abbr class="unit" title="old-penny">d</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

I don't understand what this is trying to accomplish (it seems incomplete), so I can't mark it up.

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="money">
<abbr class="equivalence" title="EUR">
<abbr class="currency" title="FFR">10</abbr>
</abbr>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

Again, I'm not going to try to mark up given [http://www.vizu.com/poll-vote.html?n=15067 the lack of interest in dated money amounts]:

<pre><nowiki>
On
<span class="currency">
<abbr class=date" title="1922-08-01>August 1</abbr>,
the US Dollar still stood at
<span class="value">643</span>
<abbr class="type="GDM">Marks</abbr>
</span>
to the Dollar. But on
<span class="currency">
<abbr class=date" title="1922-09-05>September 5</abbr>
the dollar had already risen to
<span class="value">1,440</span>
<abbr class="type="GDM">Marks</abbr></span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

My efforts attempt to minimize the disruption in the HTML file and only use additional markup when absolutely required. I believe some high volume websites still try to minimize the markup they serve, and this is bloated as it it. They may decide just to serve up a few digits rather than 50 character per price, especially on pages with lots of prices.

==References==
* [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html The official list of ISO-4217 alphabetic and numeric codes]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217 Wikipedia: ISO 4217]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_circulating_currencies Wikipedia: List of circulating currencies]

hcard

2006-10-06T03:24:21Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Sample vCard */

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

=== Editor ===
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]

=== Authors ===
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN"), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL"), each class instance should create a instance of that property.

==== Singular properties ====

Singular properties: "FN", "N", "BDAY", "TZ", "GEO", "SORT-STRING", "UID", "CLASS".

All other properties are plural. This list has been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===

Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like TEL. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

=== Property Exceptions ===

vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties as defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===

If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company or organization and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===

Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===

Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===

The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===

Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with rel-tag. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== Root Class Name ===

The root class name for an hCard is "vcard".

=== Property List ===

This is the list of properties (and subproperties, in parentheses, like this) in hCard, taken from vCard:

* fn, n (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix), nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev
==== type subproperty values ====

The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME,PREF:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em; ">
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:
<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati
</div>

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

=== More Examples ===

See [[hcard-examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have published hCards, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If you have an hCard on your own page, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://leftlogic.com Left Logic] uses hCard for embedded contact information.
* [http://inga-art.co.uk/artist Inga Scholes] uses hCard for contact information in the sidebar.
* [http://www.lussumo.com/ Lussumo] uses hCards on user profile pages in its open-source [http://www.getvanilla.com/ Vanilla] Discussions Forum software.
* [http://www.creative-ways.nl/ Ron Kok] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog. He also uses hCards in combination with XFN in his blogposts to refer to friends, and has an hCard for himself in the footer of his blog.
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club] in the English Midlands uses hCard on its [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ home page], [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/diary/ events diary] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/club/contact.htm contact pages]. The former is a page footer which is gradually being rolled out across the whole site.
* [http://tagg.no Tagg Media] uses hCard for contact information and provide link to vCard download in the contact section.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_%28The_Matrix%29 Thomas A Anderson in Wikipedia] is now marked up with hCard.
* [http://dconstruct06.madgex.com/ d.Construct 2006 Backnetwork] uses hCards for conference delegates (and provides the markup so that delegates can copy and paste cards into their own sites).
* [http://www.brown.edu Brown University] now uses hCard on the front page
* [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk Dunks at Wide Blue Yonder Web Design] has added hCard markup on his [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk/wbyw/pages/contact.htm contact page] and is looking to implement it on all past & future contact pages for clients.
* [http://southamptonrubberstamp.com Southampton Rubber Stamp Company] now has hCard markup with a vCard download link on every page.
* [http://barefoot-ceramics.com Barefoot Ceramics paint your own pottery studio] (in Newport, South Wales) has added hCard markup to its [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find#address "Find"] page and other address instances. They hopes to implement hCalendar event lists as soon as an ics to hCalendar PHP class can be found or written.
* IBM is embracing microformats. The [http://www.ibm.com/contact/employees/ IBM Employee Directory] now returns hcards in its query results. Also see the [http://www.ibm.com/shortcuts/ Shortcuts Podcast].
* [http://dsingleton.co.uk/ David Singleton] has added a hCard to his blog.
* [http://krisswatt.co.uk/ Kriss Watt] has hidden an hCard his blog footer.
* [http://www.thestreet.org.au The Street Theatre (Canberra, Australia)] has added hCard markup to its [http://www.thestreet.org.au/contact.htm Contact Us] page. hCalendar markup will soon be added for all of our performances.
* [http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/SVS/personnel/henrich/index.php Henrich C. Pöhls] has marked up his about page using hcard, including his PGP-Key that is stored in an abbr title, using class=key.
* [http://www.yalf.de Yalf Webentwicklung] has [http://www.yalf.de/kontakt contact information] available as hCard (and vCard).
* [http://www.zeldman.com/about/ Jeffrey Zeldman]. Jeffrey Zeldman has marked up his about page using hcard.
* [http://WhereAreYouCamping.com Where Are You Camping]. hCards for all members and camps, employing the include pattern as well. AFAIK this is the first Burning Man related microformats implementation, not to mention addresses in Black Rock City.
* [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk Clackmannanshire Council ]. hCard is implemented for all contact details across the site, and for specific individuals such as elected members (Councillors).
* [http://www.webdirections.org Web Directions ]. hCard is used as contact information for the conference, while speakers are marked up with hCard.
* [http://www.markthisdate.com/contactform.html MarkThisDate.com ]. An hCard is implemented on our contactform. For our calendars hCalendars will follow as soon as possible.
* [http://www.msiinet.com/contact/ MSI Systems Integrators] has its "Contact MSI" page encoded with hCards.
* [http://www.coolblue.nl/ Corporate website of Coolblue BV]. hCards were implemented in both the footer of each page, and in the "News" section for press contact information.
* [http://www.besancon.fr/index.php?p=32 Official site of Besançon (France)] uses hCard for each page concerning the small towns surrounding Besançon.
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/speakers/ d.Construct 2006 conference speakers list] is implemented using hCards.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCards for business and places in the search results
* [http://learningtheworld.eu/imprint/ Learning the World] has hcard information on the imprint, alas we didn't succeed to mark-up the work phone and fax numbers properly.
* The [http://www.fuckparade.org F’parade] website uses hcard, though I didn't find a type to distinguish mobile and landline phone numbers.
* [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm Miranet Webdesign] have added a hcard to their [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm 'contact' page]
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] has added a vCard to the [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/about/ 'About' page on The 200ok Weblog]
* [http://www.radiantcore.com Radiant Core] has their contact information [http://www.radiantcore.com/contact/ available in hCard].
* [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/ Mike Rumble] has [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/contact.html uploaded his hCard].
* [http://www.saumag.edu/ Southern Arkansas University] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://main.uab.edu/ University of Alabama at Birmingham] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] has contact footer and bloggers' names encoded as hCard. Also, all page-specific contact information is encoded as hCards (see [http://www.capital.edu/Internet/Default.aspx?pid=67 Admissions] page for an example)
* [http://main.uab.edu/shrp/ UAB School of Health Professions] uses hCard in its contact footer
* [http://green.carisenda.com/ Stephen Stewart] has his hCard on the front page of his weblog ('You are here' section)
* [http://www.fberriman.com/ Frances Berriman] has a hidden vCard in the footers of her website.
* [http://www.candlescience.com/ CandleScience Candle Supply] added a hidden hcard sitewide.
* [http://www.direction.es/ Direction] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://audiobank.tryphon.org AudioBank] uses hCard to display member informations.
* [http://www.vivabit.com/atmedia2006/speakers/ @media speakers] are marked up with hCard (photos depend on BASE tag support which makes this a good test case)
* [http://www.dougransom.com Doug Ransom] uses hCard for his financial advisory practice.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle/members.html ncl.rb] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.snowinteractive.com/ Snow Interactive] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://flickr.com Flickr] now supports [[hcard|hCard]] and [http://gmpg.org/xfn XFN] on profile pages. See [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/113866484/ screenshot of Flickr UI in Flock browser using Flocktails extension - March 17th 2006].
* [http://www.ndiyo.org/contact Contact information for the Ndiyo project]
* [http://www.pixelenvy.co.uk/ Pixel Envy] uses hCard for contact information on every page
* [http://stilbuero.de/contact/ Klaus Hartl] uses hCard in the sidebar for contact information (maybe easier to parse through delivering xhtml as xml).
* [http://charlvn.virafrikaans.com/contact Charl van Niekerk's hCard]
* [http://billy-girlardo.com/WP/ BillyBLOGirlardo] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.hicksdesign.co.uk/ Hicksdesign] uses hCard for contact information.
* http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ - hCard in a press release for the press contact info
* http://www.redmonk.com/cote/archives/2006/03/testing_out_mic.html - hCard with explanation
* [http://andy.ciordia.info/ it's my island], personal blog, hcard on the ''[http://andy.ciordia.info/pages/about_me About the Writer]'' page. [[User:Ciordia9|Andy Ciordia]]
* [http://www.windowonwoking.org.uk/ Window on Woking], a local community site in the UK, uses hCard in the homepage of each member organisation and local Councillor.
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site -- by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://www.30boxes.com/ 30 Boxes],a social calendar application and digital lifestyle aggregator, automatically creates an hcard for you with your account. It is found under Settings > Syndication.
* [http://www.nearwhere.com/ Nearwhere.com] allow you to put an hcard on an interactive map.
* [http://www.brentozar.com/ Brent Ozar] added a [http://www.brentozar.com/contact.php contact] page hCard.
* [http://www.kerihenare.com/ Keri Henare] has rewritten his [http://www.kerihenare.com/contact/ contact] page hCard. Now using <code><object></code> instead of <code><img></code> for photo. (Thanks Brian Suda for updating the vCard converter)
* [http://michaelraichelson.com/contact/ Michael Raichelson] had an hCard on his contact page before SXSW, but never thought to add it here until Tantek requested it.
* [http://www.commoner.com/~lsimon/lindsey_simon_hcard.html Lindsey Simon] has added an hCard to his website as per Tantek's SXSW request for folks to try it
* [http://www.davidgagne.net/ David Gagne] has an hCard in his sidebar.
* [http://www.churchzip.com/map/ Churchzip.com/map] and [http://www.skiwhere.com/map/ Skiwhere.com/map], provide churches, hotels, and ski resorts on the same maps. Locations are formatted as hcards.
* All [http://www.iqdir.com/ IQ Directory Solutions] Yellow Pages web portals use [[hcard|hCard]] markup on listings. For example [http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/ Cambodia Yellow Pages] and [http://www.superpages.com.my/ Malaysia Super Pages]
* Ning's cloneable Group app uses fuzzy matching to map custom fields to [[hcard|hCard]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=person&action=view&content=JonathanAquino profile] pages.
* [http://claimid.com/factoryjoe Chris Messina' ClaimID hCard]
* [http://factoryjoe.com/blog/hcard Chris Messina' hCard]
* [http://flock.com/about Flock About]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* [http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ GrowSearch Launched (Press Release)] uses an hCard to provide Press Contact Point.
* The [http://www.arborday.org/ National Arbor Day Foundation] has started using hCards for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] has numerous hCards, especially on the [http://www.multipack.co.uk/members/ members page], as well as the next meeting information.
* [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/ Justin McDowell] used an hCard when [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/221332.html referring to a person in his blog post]
* [http://davecardwell.co.uk/cv/ Dave Cardwell] has included his hCard in his Curriculum Vitae.
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull] has written a great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], and has included his [[hcard|hCard]] as one of the examples.
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/ Jesse Skinner] has written a simple [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard tutorial with examples]
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the venue, contacts, and program committee members all with hCard.
* [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk AVF-Nexus] have a hCard on their [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk/contact/ contact page] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/ Andrew White] posted [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/my-hcard/ his hCard] and [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/62/microformats-the-should-have-been-obvious-web-dev-tool/ blogged about it].
* [http://www.2sheds.ru Oleg "2sheds" Kourapov] in his [http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/ blog] ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog X2V]) has turned personal profile into hCard ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/hcard.html X2V]) and his blogroll - into combination XFN/hCards ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/friends.html X2V])
* [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk Approved Design Consultancy] have a hCard on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/contact/ contact page] as well as on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/people/ people section] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin Morris] have [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/2006/01/griffith-phonebook-adds-hcard-and.html implemented hCards and vCards] for the [http://www.griffith.edu.au Griffith University] [http://www.griffith.edu.au/find/content_phonebook.html online phone book]. Eg. [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=ben+buchanan&format=search Ben's vCard] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin's vCard]
* WWF-Australia [http://wwf.org.au/about/contactdetails/ contact details page]
* [http://rasterweb.net/raster/ Pete Prodoehl] used the hCard format on his [http://rasterweb.net/raster/contact.html Contact page] and his [http://rasterweb.net/portfolio/ Portfolio]
* [http://alexander-mette.de amette] uses the hCard format in a module of his TikiWiki powered blog
* [http://staff.washington.edu/oren/weblog2/ Oren Sreebny] has an hcard on his blog main index template
* [http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~zippy/ Patrick Tufts] has an hCard on his homepage.
* [http://ascii20.blogspot.com/ Mathias Kolehmainen and Jamie Taylor] have hCards on their weblog.
* [http://www.hoppsan.org/jamesb/blogger/ Barnaby James] has a hCard on his weblog.
* [http://esa-education.com/schools/map ESA Education] Uses hCards for their 100+ schools and each of the individual school sites.
* [http://www.thereisnocat.com/#vcard Ralph Brandi] has added an hCard to the sidebar of his weblog as a result of Tantek Çelik's portion of the Microformats presentation at SXSW 2006.
* [http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/ephone/ Pierce College] -- community college directory uses hCard on all individual directory entries.
* [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/ the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006] have marked up all their [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/committee/ speakers with hCard].
* http://wikitravel.org/en/Singapore/Sentosa. Wikitravel is experimenting with hcard on its travel guides. This guide uses hcard for all its business listings. More info on http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel_talk:Listings.
* [http://www.musik-erber.de/ Musik-Erber] uses to present contact information at the sidebar
* [http://cdevroe.com/about/#contact Colin D. Devroe] uses hCard to display his contact information on his about page
* The ECS (Scool of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton) [http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people People Pages] use vCard. Contact cjg@ecs.soton.ac.uk if there's any bugs.
* [http://www.southwestern.edu/~ramseyp Pat Ramsey] has his contact information on his blog marked up with hCard. Contact [mailto:ramsey.pat@gmail.com ramsey.pat@gmail.com] if there are any bugs there.
* [http://www.meryl.net/ Meryl K. Evans] has a hidden hCard on her homepage.
* [http://www.vyre.com/company/contact-us/ VYRE] is a CMS development company with a "contact us" hCard
* [http://www.lefdal.cc/info.php Alf Kåre Lefdal] uses hCard in the markup of his contact information
* [http://www.pignwhistle.com.au/ Pig N Whistle, a chain of pubs in Brisbane, Australia] is using hcard to mark up all the contact pages for its outlets and head office
* [http://kollitsch.de/ Patrick Kollitsch] has built his personal Profil as hCard
* [http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/dspar/ Harvard Business School] has hCards on their faculty pages
* [http://openmikes.org/ openmikes.org] uses hCards for open mike venue addresses in its listing detail pages.
* [http://www.intertecnollc.com/ InterTecno, LCC] publishes an hCard on the home page and contact page.
* [http://canaltcm.com/ver/sobre-tcm Turner Classic Movies TCM spanish website] has published contact details as a hCard
* [http://rejuvenation.com/ Rejuvenation] is now using hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.mattash.com/contact/ Matthew Ash] uses the hCard in his contacts section.

=== Examples ===
* [http://shiftingpixel.com/about/the-artist shifting pixel photoblog] has published an hCard.
* [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/ Aiden Kenny] hasn't published his hCard yet, but he has [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/2005/07/elemental-particles-of-web.html published his hCard icon]: http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4224/444/320/AK-Hcard-icon.gif
* [http://thedredge.org Andy Hume] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog, e.g. his [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ blog post on "Using hCards in your blog"].
* [http://www.bidclix.com/ BidClix]'s [http://www.bidclix.com/AboutContact.html Contact BidClix] page has it's ''contact info'' marked up with an hCard.
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda] has managed to embed a photo in [http://suda.co.uk/contact/ his hCard] through the [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2397.txt data uri scheme] by converting the image to BASE64 code. View the Source to see how this is accomplished. [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http%3A//suda.co.uk/contact/ The X2V link] will extract the image and encode it for a vCard which will be displayed in some address book applications.
** Inspired by this I thought to try the same for SVG at [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find Barefoot] ...
** <img class="photo" style="display:none;" src="data:image/svg+xml;text,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?><svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' version='1.0' width='50' height='80' id='svg3957'><defs id='defs3959' /><path d='M 28.91433,...32.192802 z' style='fill:#cc4d00;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1' id='path9551' /></svg>" alt="Barefoot">
** Does it work?? Well it parses OK. Some automated tools replace the < with %3C (etc., eg Brian Suda's vcard form). Unfortunately Kontact (KDE contacts tool) doesn't handle SVG as a vCard photo or logo format - I don't know if this is a standard. It seems it could work and maybe even does somewhere. Maybe the text field needs to be Base64 encoded? ... see [http://slashdot.org/~pbhj/journal/142382 pbhj's slashdot journal] for a bit more on this.
* [http://cinematreasures.org Cinema Treasures] uses hCard to markup venue information for 10,000+ movie theaters.
* [http://www.w3.org/People/Connolly/events/ Dan Connolly's index of events and talks] has hCards for many of the people he has met at those events. In Mar 2006, he moved a bunch of hotel contact info from his PDA to this page; it's now up to 32 hCards.
* [http://doncrowley.blogspot.com/ Don Crowley] has published [http://www.crowley.nl/hcard.html his hCard] as well as a nifty hCard button: http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png
* [http://loadaveragezero.com/hnav/contact.php Douglas W. Clifton] added all types of contact information
* [http://eventful.com Eventful] publishes all of its venue information pages with embedded hCards.
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/members/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Contacts] - 95 hCards [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ marked up by Scott Reynen]
* [http://JackWolfgang.blogspot.com Jack L. Wolfgang II] has [http://jack.randomata.com/resume/ converted the addresses in his resume to hCards].
* [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Mathieu-Drouet_.html Mathieu Drouet] and [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Annie-Leger_.html Annie Leger] both have hCards
* [http://www.ndunn.com Neil Dunn] has published his rather [http://www.ndunn.com/2005/10/7/hCard good looking hCard]
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/ Oliver Brown] has published his hCard.
* [http://www.paradigmproductions.org/contact/ Paradigm Productions] published a vcard as a ul (marked up by [http://www.linkingarts.com/ Peter Jacobson])
* [http://www.splintered.co.uk/ Patrick H. Lauke] has marked up [http://www.splintered.co.uk/about/ his contact info with hCard].
* [http://blah Paul Schreiber has published his hCard on [http://paulschreiber.com/about/?contact his about page].
* [http://paulschreiber.com/blog/ Paul Schreiber]'s [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCards for upcoming artists, as well as an hCard for the page itself. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCards for all past artists.
* [http://www.paulmichaelsmith.com/blog/hcard.htm Paul Smith] has created an hCard page which is Human Readable, and a link to X2V passing the same hCard page to generate a vCard.
* [http://www.windley.com/archives/2005/07/hcards_trying_o.shtml Phil Windley has published] [http://phil.windley.org/hcard.html his hCard].
* [http://www.go-curiosity.com/about.htm Piercarlo Slavazza] has published an hCard.
* [http://zooibaai.nl/ Rob Mientjes] has published his hCard on [http://zooibaai.nl/about/ his about page].
* [http://rbach.priv.at/Contact Robert Bachmann] has published his hCard and [http://rbach.priv.at/Images/hcard a button].
* [http://blah Scott Reynen has published his hCard on [http://www.randomchaos.com/document.php?source=scott_reynen his profile page].
* [http://www.stackframe.com/ StackFrame, LLC] has published [http://www.stackframe.com/people/ employee] and [http://www.stackframe.com/contact/ general] contact information as hCards.
* [http://www.wolfsreign.com Steven Ametjan] has published his hCard on [http://www.wolfsreign.com/about/ his about page].
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/speakers-list.html Syndicate - Speaker List] as a set of hCards
* [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList TagCamp contact list]
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts] includes an inline author hCard at the bottom of the page.
* [http://technorati.com/ Technorati]'s [http://www.technorati.com/about/ About page] lists their '''Media Contact'''
* [http://www.deadringerart.com/ The Brothers McDowell] have hCards at their Contact page.
* [http://twinsparc.com/ Twinsparc] put an hCard in the header and footer of all their pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/speakers.html Web 2.0 Conference speakers page marked up with hCard]
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] marked up all their [http://we05.com/presenters.cfm presenters with hCard].
* [http://www.uoguelph.ca/directory/ The University of Guelph] includes hCard info in its directory.

=== Examples with some problems ===

* [http://gbraad.nl/ Gerard Braad] has published an example on his [http://gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile profile] page that is almost consistent with his original [http://gbraad.nl/files/gbraad.vcf vCard] file. Also progress is made for transforming his [http://files.gbraad.nl/foaf.rdf FoaF] file to a hCard encoded representation. (also done for my spouse:[http://spouse.gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile Yong Yuan])
** (2005-09-27) PASSED, PASSED
** WARNINGS
*** uses 'n given-name' and 'n family-name' instead of nesting the given- and family- names inside the 'n'
*** has one 'tel' value with a bunch of values stuffed in
*** probably more problems --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 17:19, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://kinrowan.net/ Cori Schlegel] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/wp/archives/2005/07/08/a-problem-with-the-structured-blogging-plug-in-for-wordpress/ discusses how he has updated] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/contact his contact page with hCard]
** INVALID - using 'prefix' instead of 'honorific-prefix' and type's in classnames (in both adr and tel) and has two photo's (the second could be 'logo') --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 15:15, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* The good ship [http://styrheim.com/test/leonid.html Leonid Miloslavskiy] spotted in the North Atlantic
** INVALID --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 00:50, 27 Oct 2005 (PDT)
*** class="family" should probably be family-name
*** the "n" property is missing and the "n" optimization can't be applied
*** the first geo propery is empty, the second one is invalid (ie, it doesn't contain lat/long)
* [http://landsbank.fo/#hCard Landsbanki Føroya]
** INVALID - using embedded rdf/xml invalidly
* [http://chrischerry.name/ Chris Cherry's contact page with his hCard]
** <strike>WARNING - uses class="cell" instead of <span class="type">cell</span></strike> Fixed -- [[User:Seriph|Chris Cherry]] 19:54, 15 Sep 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/contact/ University of Bath] Person Finder results are encoded with hCards so you can easily create a vCard from any result.
** ERROR - attempt to use Implied-N optimization where that's not possible. --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 14:29, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
** Error appears for external users only. Won't be fixed any time soon. -- [[User:PhilWilson|PhilWilson]] 00:03, 28 Jan 2006 (GMT)
* [http://richi.co.uk/blog/2005/12/structured-blogging.html Richi Jennings] has put up his attempt
** INVALID, missing FN --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 12:47, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.yellowpencil.com/contact/ Yellow Pencil] Using microformats to present company contact information
** First hcard has empty "fn" and no "n". "fn" should be with "org" -- [[User: ScottReynen |ScottReynen]] 21:29, 19 Jun 2006 (CST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCards. If you have an hCard implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
*[http://leftlogic.com/info/articles/microformats_bookmarklet Microformats Bookmarklet] is a bookmarklet designed for Safari (works in Firefox and Camino) that overlays on the current page to allow users to import individual hCards or hCalendars. Written by Remy Sharp.
*[http://elbewerk.com/2006/09/vcardexplorer-02.shtml vCardExplorer 0.2] is a Mac OS X Application, that displays VCF-Files and extracts hCards from Websites written by Daniel Kagemann.
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://allinthehead.com/hkit/ hKit] is an open source PHP 5 parsing library with support for hCard.
* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].
** list of pages with indexing Issues so they can be looked into as to why data is not being extracted
** suda.co.uk/contact
** multipack.co.uk

* [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Dreamweaver Extension suite] from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project] enables the authoring of hCards from within Dreamweaver 8.
* [http://scooch.gr0w.com/ Scooch] is a slide show and presentation creator that generates a [[hCard]] for individual slide show authors and comment authors with a CSS button to parse and download via [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V]. Also uses [[hReview]] for slide ratings and [[rel-tag]] for categories.
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar
*[http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails] is a Firefox Extension that will display the presence and details of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage. [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2240/ Tails Export] is an extended version.
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla Smartzilla is a Firefox Extension] that finds hCards on web pages and lets you add them to your addressbook.
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCard and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* There is [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/68755089/ evidence of built-in hCard support in the Konqueror browser]. Specifically, Konqueror 3.5, in KDE 3.5 (kubuntu Breezy w/ update).
* There is [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList evidence of a kwiki plugin for hCards]. Update: the [http://svn.kwiki.org/cwest/Kwiki-hCard/ hCard kwiki plugin svn repository]. See the [http://microwiki.caseywest.com/index.cgi?hCard documentation of the hCard kwiki plugin].
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] is a bookmarklet that parses hCard and produces a .vcf (vCard) stream. Note: needs to be updated as the spec is refined
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk Duncan Walker] has built [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla a Firefox extension] that gets hCard data from a webpage, uses Brian Suda's XSL (locally) to transform it to vcard format and opens the resulting .vcf file.
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has written a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script] that detects hCards and allows users to easily add them to their address book application. Relies on the X2V web service to do the conversion.
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCards, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCard to vCard conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''
* [http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim] has also written an [http://diveintomark.org/projects/greasemonkey/hcard/ hCard parser Greasemonkey user script]. It is self-contained and does not rely on the X2V web service.
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/2005/09/03/a-working-microformats-extension-to-simplexml/ Oliver Brown] has written an "extension" to [http://www.php.net/simplexml SimpleXML] that gives simple access to hCard information in PHP 5.
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has built a system (Wordpress plugin?) for [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ using hcards in your blog] to represent people leaving comments on blog posts.
* The [http://tantek.com/microformats/hcard-creator.html hCard creator] is a very simple, yet illustrative, open source user interface / form / script which creates an hCard in real-time as you type in a set of contact information.
* [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt rfc2629.xslt] now attempts to generate hCard information ([http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2629 RFC2629] is an XML format for authoring RFCs and Internet Drafts, see [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629xslt/rfc2629xslt.html example document])
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/buddylist2hcards.html iChat buddy list to hCards] - Open source AppleScript to automatically convert one's buddy list in the MacOSX iChat AIM client into a valid XHTML 1.0 Strict list of hCards.
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] is a collection of palmpilot and sidekick tools. It includes X2V derivatives xhtml2hcard.xsl and toICal.xsl plus some [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/hcardTest.html hcardTest] materials
* [http://www.openpsa.org/ OpenPsa 2.x] CRM application uses hCard for all person listings. The widget is [http://www.midgard-project.org/midcom-permalink-922834501b71daad856f35ec593c7a6d reusable across Midgard CMS]
* [http://www.metonymie.com Emiliano Martínez Luque] has written an experimental [http://www.metonymie.com/hCard_extract/app.html hCard finder and structured search application] that finds hCards within a given set of URLs and returns the ones that match the specified search criteria.
* [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.

== Additional Applications ==
This section is '''informative'''.

There are numerous potential additional uses and applications for hCards on the Web. The following are merely a few thoughts and possibilities that folks have come up with:

* As an open standard/format for [http://www.gravatar.com/ Gravatars].
* Marking up individual authors of blog posts on a group blog
* Marking up people's names and URLs in a blogroll
* Any reference to people in blog posts (e.g. when citing them, or referencing them, or describing them, by name).
* ...

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard.
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] ([[hcard-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCard.
* [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring]] - learn how to add hCard markup to your existing contact info.
* [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] - Example usage of various classes within hCard,
* [[hcard-faq|hCard FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCard, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCards.
* [[hcard-issues|hCard issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcard-profile|hCard profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCard

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

* [[hcard-brainstorming|hCard Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcard-tests|hCard tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCards to try parsing.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]

hcard

2006-10-06T03:15:03Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Value excerpting */

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

=== Editor ===
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]

=== Authors ===
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN"), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL"), each class instance should create a instance of that property.

==== Singular properties ====

Singular properties: "FN", "N", "BDAY", "TZ", "GEO", "SORT-STRING", "UID", "CLASS".

All other properties are plural. This list has been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===

Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like TEL. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

=== Property Exceptions ===

vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties as defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===

If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company or organization and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===

Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===

Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===

The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===

Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with rel-tag. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== Root Class Name ===

The root class name for an hCard is "vcard".

=== Property List ===

This is the list of properties (and subproperties, in parentheses, like this) in hCard, taken from vCard:

* fn, n (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix), nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev
==== type subproperty values ====

The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME,PREF:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em; ">
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:

[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

=== More Examples ===

See [[hcard-examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have published hCards, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If you have an hCard on your own page, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://leftlogic.com Left Logic] uses hCard for embedded contact information.
* [http://inga-art.co.uk/artist Inga Scholes] uses hCard for contact information in the sidebar.
* [http://www.lussumo.com/ Lussumo] uses hCards on user profile pages in its open-source [http://www.getvanilla.com/ Vanilla] Discussions Forum software.
* [http://www.creative-ways.nl/ Ron Kok] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog. He also uses hCards in combination with XFN in his blogposts to refer to friends, and has an hCard for himself in the footer of his blog.
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club] in the English Midlands uses hCard on its [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ home page], [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/diary/ events diary] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/club/contact.htm contact pages]. The former is a page footer which is gradually being rolled out across the whole site.
* [http://tagg.no Tagg Media] uses hCard for contact information and provide link to vCard download in the contact section.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_%28The_Matrix%29 Thomas A Anderson in Wikipedia] is now marked up with hCard.
* [http://dconstruct06.madgex.com/ d.Construct 2006 Backnetwork] uses hCards for conference delegates (and provides the markup so that delegates can copy and paste cards into their own sites).
* [http://www.brown.edu Brown University] now uses hCard on the front page
* [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk Dunks at Wide Blue Yonder Web Design] has added hCard markup on his [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk/wbyw/pages/contact.htm contact page] and is looking to implement it on all past & future contact pages for clients.
* [http://southamptonrubberstamp.com Southampton Rubber Stamp Company] now has hCard markup with a vCard download link on every page.
* [http://barefoot-ceramics.com Barefoot Ceramics paint your own pottery studio] (in Newport, South Wales) has added hCard markup to its [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find#address "Find"] page and other address instances. They hopes to implement hCalendar event lists as soon as an ics to hCalendar PHP class can be found or written.
* IBM is embracing microformats. The [http://www.ibm.com/contact/employees/ IBM Employee Directory] now returns hcards in its query results. Also see the [http://www.ibm.com/shortcuts/ Shortcuts Podcast].
* [http://dsingleton.co.uk/ David Singleton] has added a hCard to his blog.
* [http://krisswatt.co.uk/ Kriss Watt] has hidden an hCard his blog footer.
* [http://www.thestreet.org.au The Street Theatre (Canberra, Australia)] has added hCard markup to its [http://www.thestreet.org.au/contact.htm Contact Us] page. hCalendar markup will soon be added for all of our performances.
* [http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/SVS/personnel/henrich/index.php Henrich C. Pöhls] has marked up his about page using hcard, including his PGP-Key that is stored in an abbr title, using class=key.
* [http://www.yalf.de Yalf Webentwicklung] has [http://www.yalf.de/kontakt contact information] available as hCard (and vCard).
* [http://www.zeldman.com/about/ Jeffrey Zeldman]. Jeffrey Zeldman has marked up his about page using hcard.
* [http://WhereAreYouCamping.com Where Are You Camping]. hCards for all members and camps, employing the include pattern as well. AFAIK this is the first Burning Man related microformats implementation, not to mention addresses in Black Rock City.
* [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk Clackmannanshire Council ]. hCard is implemented for all contact details across the site, and for specific individuals such as elected members (Councillors).
* [http://www.webdirections.org Web Directions ]. hCard is used as contact information for the conference, while speakers are marked up with hCard.
* [http://www.markthisdate.com/contactform.html MarkThisDate.com ]. An hCard is implemented on our contactform. For our calendars hCalendars will follow as soon as possible.
* [http://www.msiinet.com/contact/ MSI Systems Integrators] has its "Contact MSI" page encoded with hCards.
* [http://www.coolblue.nl/ Corporate website of Coolblue BV]. hCards were implemented in both the footer of each page, and in the "News" section for press contact information.
* [http://www.besancon.fr/index.php?p=32 Official site of Besançon (France)] uses hCard for each page concerning the small towns surrounding Besançon.
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/speakers/ d.Construct 2006 conference speakers list] is implemented using hCards.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCards for business and places in the search results
* [http://learningtheworld.eu/imprint/ Learning the World] has hcard information on the imprint, alas we didn't succeed to mark-up the work phone and fax numbers properly.
* The [http://www.fuckparade.org F’parade] website uses hcard, though I didn't find a type to distinguish mobile and landline phone numbers.
* [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm Miranet Webdesign] have added a hcard to their [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm 'contact' page]
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] has added a vCard to the [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/about/ 'About' page on The 200ok Weblog]
* [http://www.radiantcore.com Radiant Core] has their contact information [http://www.radiantcore.com/contact/ available in hCard].
* [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/ Mike Rumble] has [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/contact.html uploaded his hCard].
* [http://www.saumag.edu/ Southern Arkansas University] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://main.uab.edu/ University of Alabama at Birmingham] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] has contact footer and bloggers' names encoded as hCard. Also, all page-specific contact information is encoded as hCards (see [http://www.capital.edu/Internet/Default.aspx?pid=67 Admissions] page for an example)
* [http://main.uab.edu/shrp/ UAB School of Health Professions] uses hCard in its contact footer
* [http://green.carisenda.com/ Stephen Stewart] has his hCard on the front page of his weblog ('You are here' section)
* [http://www.fberriman.com/ Frances Berriman] has a hidden vCard in the footers of her website.
* [http://www.candlescience.com/ CandleScience Candle Supply] added a hidden hcard sitewide.
* [http://www.direction.es/ Direction] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://audiobank.tryphon.org AudioBank] uses hCard to display member informations.
* [http://www.vivabit.com/atmedia2006/speakers/ @media speakers] are marked up with hCard (photos depend on BASE tag support which makes this a good test case)
* [http://www.dougransom.com Doug Ransom] uses hCard for his financial advisory practice.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle/members.html ncl.rb] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.snowinteractive.com/ Snow Interactive] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://flickr.com Flickr] now supports [[hcard|hCard]] and [http://gmpg.org/xfn XFN] on profile pages. See [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/113866484/ screenshot of Flickr UI in Flock browser using Flocktails extension - March 17th 2006].
* [http://www.ndiyo.org/contact Contact information for the Ndiyo project]
* [http://www.pixelenvy.co.uk/ Pixel Envy] uses hCard for contact information on every page
* [http://stilbuero.de/contact/ Klaus Hartl] uses hCard in the sidebar for contact information (maybe easier to parse through delivering xhtml as xml).
* [http://charlvn.virafrikaans.com/contact Charl van Niekerk's hCard]
* [http://billy-girlardo.com/WP/ BillyBLOGirlardo] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.hicksdesign.co.uk/ Hicksdesign] uses hCard for contact information.
* http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ - hCard in a press release for the press contact info
* http://www.redmonk.com/cote/archives/2006/03/testing_out_mic.html - hCard with explanation
* [http://andy.ciordia.info/ it's my island], personal blog, hcard on the ''[http://andy.ciordia.info/pages/about_me About the Writer]'' page. [[User:Ciordia9|Andy Ciordia]]
* [http://www.windowonwoking.org.uk/ Window on Woking], a local community site in the UK, uses hCard in the homepage of each member organisation and local Councillor.
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site -- by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://www.30boxes.com/ 30 Boxes],a social calendar application and digital lifestyle aggregator, automatically creates an hcard for you with your account. It is found under Settings > Syndication.
* [http://www.nearwhere.com/ Nearwhere.com] allow you to put an hcard on an interactive map.
* [http://www.brentozar.com/ Brent Ozar] added a [http://www.brentozar.com/contact.php contact] page hCard.
* [http://www.kerihenare.com/ Keri Henare] has rewritten his [http://www.kerihenare.com/contact/ contact] page hCard. Now using <code><object></code> instead of <code><img></code> for photo. (Thanks Brian Suda for updating the vCard converter)
* [http://michaelraichelson.com/contact/ Michael Raichelson] had an hCard on his contact page before SXSW, but never thought to add it here until Tantek requested it.
* [http://www.commoner.com/~lsimon/lindsey_simon_hcard.html Lindsey Simon] has added an hCard to his website as per Tantek's SXSW request for folks to try it
* [http://www.davidgagne.net/ David Gagne] has an hCard in his sidebar.
* [http://www.churchzip.com/map/ Churchzip.com/map] and [http://www.skiwhere.com/map/ Skiwhere.com/map], provide churches, hotels, and ski resorts on the same maps. Locations are formatted as hcards.
* All [http://www.iqdir.com/ IQ Directory Solutions] Yellow Pages web portals use [[hcard|hCard]] markup on listings. For example [http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/ Cambodia Yellow Pages] and [http://www.superpages.com.my/ Malaysia Super Pages]
* Ning's cloneable Group app uses fuzzy matching to map custom fields to [[hcard|hCard]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=person&action=view&content=JonathanAquino profile] pages.
* [http://claimid.com/factoryjoe Chris Messina' ClaimID hCard]
* [http://factoryjoe.com/blog/hcard Chris Messina' hCard]
* [http://flock.com/about Flock About]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* [http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ GrowSearch Launched (Press Release)] uses an hCard to provide Press Contact Point.
* The [http://www.arborday.org/ National Arbor Day Foundation] has started using hCards for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] has numerous hCards, especially on the [http://www.multipack.co.uk/members/ members page], as well as the next meeting information.
* [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/ Justin McDowell] used an hCard when [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/221332.html referring to a person in his blog post]
* [http://davecardwell.co.uk/cv/ Dave Cardwell] has included his hCard in his Curriculum Vitae.
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull] has written a great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], and has included his [[hcard|hCard]] as one of the examples.
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/ Jesse Skinner] has written a simple [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard tutorial with examples]
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the venue, contacts, and program committee members all with hCard.
* [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk AVF-Nexus] have a hCard on their [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk/contact/ contact page] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/ Andrew White] posted [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/my-hcard/ his hCard] and [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/62/microformats-the-should-have-been-obvious-web-dev-tool/ blogged about it].
* [http://www.2sheds.ru Oleg "2sheds" Kourapov] in his [http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/ blog] ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog X2V]) has turned personal profile into hCard ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/hcard.html X2V]) and his blogroll - into combination XFN/hCards ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/friends.html X2V])
* [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk Approved Design Consultancy] have a hCard on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/contact/ contact page] as well as on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/people/ people section] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin Morris] have [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/2006/01/griffith-phonebook-adds-hcard-and.html implemented hCards and vCards] for the [http://www.griffith.edu.au Griffith University] [http://www.griffith.edu.au/find/content_phonebook.html online phone book]. Eg. [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=ben+buchanan&format=search Ben's vCard] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin's vCard]
* WWF-Australia [http://wwf.org.au/about/contactdetails/ contact details page]
* [http://rasterweb.net/raster/ Pete Prodoehl] used the hCard format on his [http://rasterweb.net/raster/contact.html Contact page] and his [http://rasterweb.net/portfolio/ Portfolio]
* [http://alexander-mette.de amette] uses the hCard format in a module of his TikiWiki powered blog
* [http://staff.washington.edu/oren/weblog2/ Oren Sreebny] has an hcard on his blog main index template
* [http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~zippy/ Patrick Tufts] has an hCard on his homepage.
* [http://ascii20.blogspot.com/ Mathias Kolehmainen and Jamie Taylor] have hCards on their weblog.
* [http://www.hoppsan.org/jamesb/blogger/ Barnaby James] has a hCard on his weblog.
* [http://esa-education.com/schools/map ESA Education] Uses hCards for their 100+ schools and each of the individual school sites.
* [http://www.thereisnocat.com/#vcard Ralph Brandi] has added an hCard to the sidebar of his weblog as a result of Tantek Çelik's portion of the Microformats presentation at SXSW 2006.
* [http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/ephone/ Pierce College] -- community college directory uses hCard on all individual directory entries.
* [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/ the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006] have marked up all their [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/committee/ speakers with hCard].
* http://wikitravel.org/en/Singapore/Sentosa. Wikitravel is experimenting with hcard on its travel guides. This guide uses hcard for all its business listings. More info on http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel_talk:Listings.
* [http://www.musik-erber.de/ Musik-Erber] uses to present contact information at the sidebar
* [http://cdevroe.com/about/#contact Colin D. Devroe] uses hCard to display his contact information on his about page
* The ECS (Scool of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton) [http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people People Pages] use vCard. Contact cjg@ecs.soton.ac.uk if there's any bugs.
* [http://www.southwestern.edu/~ramseyp Pat Ramsey] has his contact information on his blog marked up with hCard. Contact [mailto:ramsey.pat@gmail.com ramsey.pat@gmail.com] if there are any bugs there.
* [http://www.meryl.net/ Meryl K. Evans] has a hidden hCard on her homepage.
* [http://www.vyre.com/company/contact-us/ VYRE] is a CMS development company with a "contact us" hCard
* [http://www.lefdal.cc/info.php Alf Kåre Lefdal] uses hCard in the markup of his contact information
* [http://www.pignwhistle.com.au/ Pig N Whistle, a chain of pubs in Brisbane, Australia] is using hcard to mark up all the contact pages for its outlets and head office
* [http://kollitsch.de/ Patrick Kollitsch] has built his personal Profil as hCard
* [http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/dspar/ Harvard Business School] has hCards on their faculty pages
* [http://openmikes.org/ openmikes.org] uses hCards for open mike venue addresses in its listing detail pages.
* [http://www.intertecnollc.com/ InterTecno, LCC] publishes an hCard on the home page and contact page.
* [http://canaltcm.com/ver/sobre-tcm Turner Classic Movies TCM spanish website] has published contact details as a hCard
* [http://rejuvenation.com/ Rejuvenation] is now using hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.mattash.com/contact/ Matthew Ash] uses the hCard in his contacts section.

=== Examples ===
* [http://shiftingpixel.com/about/the-artist shifting pixel photoblog] has published an hCard.
* [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/ Aiden Kenny] hasn't published his hCard yet, but he has [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/2005/07/elemental-particles-of-web.html published his hCard icon]: http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4224/444/320/AK-Hcard-icon.gif
* [http://thedredge.org Andy Hume] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog, e.g. his [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ blog post on "Using hCards in your blog"].
* [http://www.bidclix.com/ BidClix]'s [http://www.bidclix.com/AboutContact.html Contact BidClix] page has it's ''contact info'' marked up with an hCard.
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda] has managed to embed a photo in [http://suda.co.uk/contact/ his hCard] through the [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2397.txt data uri scheme] by converting the image to BASE64 code. View the Source to see how this is accomplished. [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http%3A//suda.co.uk/contact/ The X2V link] will extract the image and encode it for a vCard which will be displayed in some address book applications.
** Inspired by this I thought to try the same for SVG at [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find Barefoot] ...
** <img class="photo" style="display:none;" src="data:image/svg+xml;text,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?><svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' version='1.0' width='50' height='80' id='svg3957'><defs id='defs3959' /><path d='M 28.91433,...32.192802 z' style='fill:#cc4d00;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1' id='path9551' /></svg>" alt="Barefoot">
** Does it work?? Well it parses OK. Some automated tools replace the < with %3C (etc., eg Brian Suda's vcard form). Unfortunately Kontact (KDE contacts tool) doesn't handle SVG as a vCard photo or logo format - I don't know if this is a standard. It seems it could work and maybe even does somewhere. Maybe the text field needs to be Base64 encoded? ... see [http://slashdot.org/~pbhj/journal/142382 pbhj's slashdot journal] for a bit more on this.
* [http://cinematreasures.org Cinema Treasures] uses hCard to markup venue information for 10,000+ movie theaters.
* [http://www.w3.org/People/Connolly/events/ Dan Connolly's index of events and talks] has hCards for many of the people he has met at those events. In Mar 2006, he moved a bunch of hotel contact info from his PDA to this page; it's now up to 32 hCards.
* [http://doncrowley.blogspot.com/ Don Crowley] has published [http://www.crowley.nl/hcard.html his hCard] as well as a nifty hCard button: http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png
* [http://loadaveragezero.com/hnav/contact.php Douglas W. Clifton] added all types of contact information
* [http://eventful.com Eventful] publishes all of its venue information pages with embedded hCards.
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/members/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Contacts] - 95 hCards [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ marked up by Scott Reynen]
* [http://JackWolfgang.blogspot.com Jack L. Wolfgang II] has [http://jack.randomata.com/resume/ converted the addresses in his resume to hCards].
* [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Mathieu-Drouet_.html Mathieu Drouet] and [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Annie-Leger_.html Annie Leger] both have hCards
* [http://www.ndunn.com Neil Dunn] has published his rather [http://www.ndunn.com/2005/10/7/hCard good looking hCard]
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/ Oliver Brown] has published his hCard.
* [http://www.paradigmproductions.org/contact/ Paradigm Productions] published a vcard as a ul (marked up by [http://www.linkingarts.com/ Peter Jacobson])
* [http://www.splintered.co.uk/ Patrick H. Lauke] has marked up [http://www.splintered.co.uk/about/ his contact info with hCard].
* [http://blah Paul Schreiber has published his hCard on [http://paulschreiber.com/about/?contact his about page].
* [http://paulschreiber.com/blog/ Paul Schreiber]'s [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCards for upcoming artists, as well as an hCard for the page itself. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCards for all past artists.
* [http://www.paulmichaelsmith.com/blog/hcard.htm Paul Smith] has created an hCard page which is Human Readable, and a link to X2V passing the same hCard page to generate a vCard.
* [http://www.windley.com/archives/2005/07/hcards_trying_o.shtml Phil Windley has published] [http://phil.windley.org/hcard.html his hCard].
* [http://www.go-curiosity.com/about.htm Piercarlo Slavazza] has published an hCard.
* [http://zooibaai.nl/ Rob Mientjes] has published his hCard on [http://zooibaai.nl/about/ his about page].
* [http://rbach.priv.at/Contact Robert Bachmann] has published his hCard and [http://rbach.priv.at/Images/hcard a button].
* [http://blah Scott Reynen has published his hCard on [http://www.randomchaos.com/document.php?source=scott_reynen his profile page].
* [http://www.stackframe.com/ StackFrame, LLC] has published [http://www.stackframe.com/people/ employee] and [http://www.stackframe.com/contact/ general] contact information as hCards.
* [http://www.wolfsreign.com Steven Ametjan] has published his hCard on [http://www.wolfsreign.com/about/ his about page].
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/speakers-list.html Syndicate - Speaker List] as a set of hCards
* [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList TagCamp contact list]
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts] includes an inline author hCard at the bottom of the page.
* [http://technorati.com/ Technorati]'s [http://www.technorati.com/about/ About page] lists their '''Media Contact'''
* [http://www.deadringerart.com/ The Brothers McDowell] have hCards at their Contact page.
* [http://twinsparc.com/ Twinsparc] put an hCard in the header and footer of all their pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/speakers.html Web 2.0 Conference speakers page marked up with hCard]
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] marked up all their [http://we05.com/presenters.cfm presenters with hCard].
* [http://www.uoguelph.ca/directory/ The University of Guelph] includes hCard info in its directory.

=== Examples with some problems ===

* [http://gbraad.nl/ Gerard Braad] has published an example on his [http://gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile profile] page that is almost consistent with his original [http://gbraad.nl/files/gbraad.vcf vCard] file. Also progress is made for transforming his [http://files.gbraad.nl/foaf.rdf FoaF] file to a hCard encoded representation. (also done for my spouse:[http://spouse.gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile Yong Yuan])
** (2005-09-27) PASSED, PASSED
** WARNINGS
*** uses 'n given-name' and 'n family-name' instead of nesting the given- and family- names inside the 'n'
*** has one 'tel' value with a bunch of values stuffed in
*** probably more problems --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 17:19, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://kinrowan.net/ Cori Schlegel] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/wp/archives/2005/07/08/a-problem-with-the-structured-blogging-plug-in-for-wordpress/ discusses how he has updated] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/contact his contact page with hCard]
** INVALID - using 'prefix' instead of 'honorific-prefix' and type's in classnames (in both adr and tel) and has two photo's (the second could be 'logo') --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 15:15, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* The good ship [http://styrheim.com/test/leonid.html Leonid Miloslavskiy] spotted in the North Atlantic
** INVALID --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 00:50, 27 Oct 2005 (PDT)
*** class="family" should probably be family-name
*** the "n" property is missing and the "n" optimization can't be applied
*** the first geo propery is empty, the second one is invalid (ie, it doesn't contain lat/long)
* [http://landsbank.fo/#hCard Landsbanki Føroya]
** INVALID - using embedded rdf/xml invalidly
* [http://chrischerry.name/ Chris Cherry's contact page with his hCard]
** <strike>WARNING - uses class="cell" instead of <span class="type">cell</span></strike> Fixed -- [[User:Seriph|Chris Cherry]] 19:54, 15 Sep 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/contact/ University of Bath] Person Finder results are encoded with hCards so you can easily create a vCard from any result.
** ERROR - attempt to use Implied-N optimization where that's not possible. --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 14:29, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
** Error appears for external users only. Won't be fixed any time soon. -- [[User:PhilWilson|PhilWilson]] 00:03, 28 Jan 2006 (GMT)
* [http://richi.co.uk/blog/2005/12/structured-blogging.html Richi Jennings] has put up his attempt
** INVALID, missing FN --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 12:47, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.yellowpencil.com/contact/ Yellow Pencil] Using microformats to present company contact information
** First hcard has empty "fn" and no "n". "fn" should be with "org" -- [[User: ScottReynen |ScottReynen]] 21:29, 19 Jun 2006 (CST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCards. If you have an hCard implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
*[http://leftlogic.com/info/articles/microformats_bookmarklet Microformats Bookmarklet] is a bookmarklet designed for Safari (works in Firefox and Camino) that overlays on the current page to allow users to import individual hCards or hCalendars. Written by Remy Sharp.
*[http://elbewerk.com/2006/09/vcardexplorer-02.shtml vCardExplorer 0.2] is a Mac OS X Application, that displays VCF-Files and extracts hCards from Websites written by Daniel Kagemann.
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://allinthehead.com/hkit/ hKit] is an open source PHP 5 parsing library with support for hCard.
* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].
** list of pages with indexing Issues so they can be looked into as to why data is not being extracted
** suda.co.uk/contact
** multipack.co.uk

* [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Dreamweaver Extension suite] from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project] enables the authoring of hCards from within Dreamweaver 8.
* [http://scooch.gr0w.com/ Scooch] is a slide show and presentation creator that generates a [[hCard]] for individual slide show authors and comment authors with a CSS button to parse and download via [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V]. Also uses [[hReview]] for slide ratings and [[rel-tag]] for categories.
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar
*[http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails] is a Firefox Extension that will display the presence and details of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage. [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2240/ Tails Export] is an extended version.
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla Smartzilla is a Firefox Extension] that finds hCards on web pages and lets you add them to your addressbook.
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCard and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* There is [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/68755089/ evidence of built-in hCard support in the Konqueror browser]. Specifically, Konqueror 3.5, in KDE 3.5 (kubuntu Breezy w/ update).
* There is [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList evidence of a kwiki plugin for hCards]. Update: the [http://svn.kwiki.org/cwest/Kwiki-hCard/ hCard kwiki plugin svn repository]. See the [http://microwiki.caseywest.com/index.cgi?hCard documentation of the hCard kwiki plugin].
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] is a bookmarklet that parses hCard and produces a .vcf (vCard) stream. Note: needs to be updated as the spec is refined
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk Duncan Walker] has built [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla a Firefox extension] that gets hCard data from a webpage, uses Brian Suda's XSL (locally) to transform it to vcard format and opens the resulting .vcf file.
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has written a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script] that detects hCards and allows users to easily add them to their address book application. Relies on the X2V web service to do the conversion.
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCards, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCard to vCard conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''
* [http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim] has also written an [http://diveintomark.org/projects/greasemonkey/hcard/ hCard parser Greasemonkey user script]. It is self-contained and does not rely on the X2V web service.
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/2005/09/03/a-working-microformats-extension-to-simplexml/ Oliver Brown] has written an "extension" to [http://www.php.net/simplexml SimpleXML] that gives simple access to hCard information in PHP 5.
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has built a system (Wordpress plugin?) for [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ using hcards in your blog] to represent people leaving comments on blog posts.
* The [http://tantek.com/microformats/hcard-creator.html hCard creator] is a very simple, yet illustrative, open source user interface / form / script which creates an hCard in real-time as you type in a set of contact information.
* [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt rfc2629.xslt] now attempts to generate hCard information ([http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2629 RFC2629] is an XML format for authoring RFCs and Internet Drafts, see [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629xslt/rfc2629xslt.html example document])
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/buddylist2hcards.html iChat buddy list to hCards] - Open source AppleScript to automatically convert one's buddy list in the MacOSX iChat AIM client into a valid XHTML 1.0 Strict list of hCards.
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] is a collection of palmpilot and sidekick tools. It includes X2V derivatives xhtml2hcard.xsl and toICal.xsl plus some [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/hcardTest.html hcardTest] materials
* [http://www.openpsa.org/ OpenPsa 2.x] CRM application uses hCard for all person listings. The widget is [http://www.midgard-project.org/midcom-permalink-922834501b71daad856f35ec593c7a6d reusable across Midgard CMS]
* [http://www.metonymie.com Emiliano Martínez Luque] has written an experimental [http://www.metonymie.com/hCard_extract/app.html hCard finder and structured search application] that finds hCards within a given set of URLs and returns the ones that match the specified search criteria.
* [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.

== Additional Applications ==
This section is '''informative'''.

There are numerous potential additional uses and applications for hCards on the Web. The following are merely a few thoughts and possibilities that folks have come up with:

* As an open standard/format for [http://www.gravatar.com/ Gravatars].
* Marking up individual authors of blog posts on a group blog
* Marking up people's names and URLs in a blogroll
* Any reference to people in blog posts (e.g. when citing them, or referencing them, or describing them, by name).
* ...

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard.
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] ([[hcard-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCard.
* [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring]] - learn how to add hCard markup to your existing contact info.
* [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] - Example usage of various classes within hCard,
* [[hcard-faq|hCard FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCard, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCards.
* [[hcard-issues|hCard issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcard-profile|hCard profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCard

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

* [[hcard-brainstorming|hCard Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcard-tests|hCard tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCards to try parsing.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]

hcard

2006-10-06T03:13:06Z

Bob Jonkman: /* type subproperty values */ Completed example for vCard "tel" multivalued

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

=== Editor ===
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]

=== Authors ===
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN"), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL"), each class instance should create a instance of that property.

==== Singular properties ====

Singular properties: "FN", "N", "BDAY", "TZ", "GEO", "SORT-STRING", "UID", "CLASS".

All other properties are plural. This list has been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===

Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like TEL. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
tel;home:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95% ;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

=== Property Exceptions ===

vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties as defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===

If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company or organization and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===

Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===

Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===

The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===

Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with rel-tag. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== Root Class Name ===

The root class name for an hCard is "vcard".

=== Property List ===

This is the list of properties (and subproperties, in parentheses, like this) in hCard, taken from vCard:

* fn, n (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix), nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev
==== type subproperty values ====

The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
TEL;TYPE=HOME,PREF:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95%; padding: .5em 1em; ">
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:

[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

=== More Examples ===

See [[hcard-examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have published hCards, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If you have an hCard on your own page, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://leftlogic.com Left Logic] uses hCard for embedded contact information.
* [http://inga-art.co.uk/artist Inga Scholes] uses hCard for contact information in the sidebar.
* [http://www.lussumo.com/ Lussumo] uses hCards on user profile pages in its open-source [http://www.getvanilla.com/ Vanilla] Discussions Forum software.
* [http://www.creative-ways.nl/ Ron Kok] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog. He also uses hCards in combination with XFN in his blogposts to refer to friends, and has an hCard for himself in the footer of his blog.
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club] in the English Midlands uses hCard on its [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ home page], [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/diary/ events diary] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/club/contact.htm contact pages]. The former is a page footer which is gradually being rolled out across the whole site.
* [http://tagg.no Tagg Media] uses hCard for contact information and provide link to vCard download in the contact section.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_%28The_Matrix%29 Thomas A Anderson in Wikipedia] is now marked up with hCard.
* [http://dconstruct06.madgex.com/ d.Construct 2006 Backnetwork] uses hCards for conference delegates (and provides the markup so that delegates can copy and paste cards into their own sites).
* [http://www.brown.edu Brown University] now uses hCard on the front page
* [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk Dunks at Wide Blue Yonder Web Design] has added hCard markup on his [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk/wbyw/pages/contact.htm contact page] and is looking to implement it on all past & future contact pages for clients.
* [http://southamptonrubberstamp.com Southampton Rubber Stamp Company] now has hCard markup with a vCard download link on every page.
* [http://barefoot-ceramics.com Barefoot Ceramics paint your own pottery studio] (in Newport, South Wales) has added hCard markup to its [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find#address "Find"] page and other address instances. They hopes to implement hCalendar event lists as soon as an ics to hCalendar PHP class can be found or written.
* IBM is embracing microformats. The [http://www.ibm.com/contact/employees/ IBM Employee Directory] now returns hcards in its query results. Also see the [http://www.ibm.com/shortcuts/ Shortcuts Podcast].
* [http://dsingleton.co.uk/ David Singleton] has added a hCard to his blog.
* [http://krisswatt.co.uk/ Kriss Watt] has hidden an hCard his blog footer.
* [http://www.thestreet.org.au The Street Theatre (Canberra, Australia)] has added hCard markup to its [http://www.thestreet.org.au/contact.htm Contact Us] page. hCalendar markup will soon be added for all of our performances.
* [http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/SVS/personnel/henrich/index.php Henrich C. Pöhls] has marked up his about page using hcard, including his PGP-Key that is stored in an abbr title, using class=key.
* [http://www.yalf.de Yalf Webentwicklung] has [http://www.yalf.de/kontakt contact information] available as hCard (and vCard).
* [http://www.zeldman.com/about/ Jeffrey Zeldman]. Jeffrey Zeldman has marked up his about page using hcard.
* [http://WhereAreYouCamping.com Where Are You Camping]. hCards for all members and camps, employing the include pattern as well. AFAIK this is the first Burning Man related microformats implementation, not to mention addresses in Black Rock City.
* [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk Clackmannanshire Council ]. hCard is implemented for all contact details across the site, and for specific individuals such as elected members (Councillors).
* [http://www.webdirections.org Web Directions ]. hCard is used as contact information for the conference, while speakers are marked up with hCard.
* [http://www.markthisdate.com/contactform.html MarkThisDate.com ]. An hCard is implemented on our contactform. For our calendars hCalendars will follow as soon as possible.
* [http://www.msiinet.com/contact/ MSI Systems Integrators] has its "Contact MSI" page encoded with hCards.
* [http://www.coolblue.nl/ Corporate website of Coolblue BV]. hCards were implemented in both the footer of each page, and in the "News" section for press contact information.
* [http://www.besancon.fr/index.php?p=32 Official site of Besançon (France)] uses hCard for each page concerning the small towns surrounding Besançon.
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/speakers/ d.Construct 2006 conference speakers list] is implemented using hCards.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCards for business and places in the search results
* [http://learningtheworld.eu/imprint/ Learning the World] has hcard information on the imprint, alas we didn't succeed to mark-up the work phone and fax numbers properly.
* The [http://www.fuckparade.org F’parade] website uses hcard, though I didn't find a type to distinguish mobile and landline phone numbers.
* [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm Miranet Webdesign] have added a hcard to their [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm 'contact' page]
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] has added a vCard to the [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/about/ 'About' page on The 200ok Weblog]
* [http://www.radiantcore.com Radiant Core] has their contact information [http://www.radiantcore.com/contact/ available in hCard].
* [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/ Mike Rumble] has [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/contact.html uploaded his hCard].
* [http://www.saumag.edu/ Southern Arkansas University] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://main.uab.edu/ University of Alabama at Birmingham] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] has contact footer and bloggers' names encoded as hCard. Also, all page-specific contact information is encoded as hCards (see [http://www.capital.edu/Internet/Default.aspx?pid=67 Admissions] page for an example)
* [http://main.uab.edu/shrp/ UAB School of Health Professions] uses hCard in its contact footer
* [http://green.carisenda.com/ Stephen Stewart] has his hCard on the front page of his weblog ('You are here' section)
* [http://www.fberriman.com/ Frances Berriman] has a hidden vCard in the footers of her website.
* [http://www.candlescience.com/ CandleScience Candle Supply] added a hidden hcard sitewide.
* [http://www.direction.es/ Direction] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://audiobank.tryphon.org AudioBank] uses hCard to display member informations.
* [http://www.vivabit.com/atmedia2006/speakers/ @media speakers] are marked up with hCard (photos depend on BASE tag support which makes this a good test case)
* [http://www.dougransom.com Doug Ransom] uses hCard for his financial advisory practice.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle/members.html ncl.rb] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.snowinteractive.com/ Snow Interactive] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://flickr.com Flickr] now supports [[hcard|hCard]] and [http://gmpg.org/xfn XFN] on profile pages. See [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/113866484/ screenshot of Flickr UI in Flock browser using Flocktails extension - March 17th 2006].
* [http://www.ndiyo.org/contact Contact information for the Ndiyo project]
* [http://www.pixelenvy.co.uk/ Pixel Envy] uses hCard for contact information on every page
* [http://stilbuero.de/contact/ Klaus Hartl] uses hCard in the sidebar for contact information (maybe easier to parse through delivering xhtml as xml).
* [http://charlvn.virafrikaans.com/contact Charl van Niekerk's hCard]
* [http://billy-girlardo.com/WP/ BillyBLOGirlardo] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.hicksdesign.co.uk/ Hicksdesign] uses hCard for contact information.
* http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ - hCard in a press release for the press contact info
* http://www.redmonk.com/cote/archives/2006/03/testing_out_mic.html - hCard with explanation
* [http://andy.ciordia.info/ it's my island], personal blog, hcard on the ''[http://andy.ciordia.info/pages/about_me About the Writer]'' page. [[User:Ciordia9|Andy Ciordia]]
* [http://www.windowonwoking.org.uk/ Window on Woking], a local community site in the UK, uses hCard in the homepage of each member organisation and local Councillor.
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site -- by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://www.30boxes.com/ 30 Boxes],a social calendar application and digital lifestyle aggregator, automatically creates an hcard for you with your account. It is found under Settings > Syndication.
* [http://www.nearwhere.com/ Nearwhere.com] allow you to put an hcard on an interactive map.
* [http://www.brentozar.com/ Brent Ozar] added a [http://www.brentozar.com/contact.php contact] page hCard.
* [http://www.kerihenare.com/ Keri Henare] has rewritten his [http://www.kerihenare.com/contact/ contact] page hCard. Now using <code><object></code> instead of <code><img></code> for photo. (Thanks Brian Suda for updating the vCard converter)
* [http://michaelraichelson.com/contact/ Michael Raichelson] had an hCard on his contact page before SXSW, but never thought to add it here until Tantek requested it.
* [http://www.commoner.com/~lsimon/lindsey_simon_hcard.html Lindsey Simon] has added an hCard to his website as per Tantek's SXSW request for folks to try it
* [http://www.davidgagne.net/ David Gagne] has an hCard in his sidebar.
* [http://www.churchzip.com/map/ Churchzip.com/map] and [http://www.skiwhere.com/map/ Skiwhere.com/map], provide churches, hotels, and ski resorts on the same maps. Locations are formatted as hcards.
* All [http://www.iqdir.com/ IQ Directory Solutions] Yellow Pages web portals use [[hcard|hCard]] markup on listings. For example [http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/ Cambodia Yellow Pages] and [http://www.superpages.com.my/ Malaysia Super Pages]
* Ning's cloneable Group app uses fuzzy matching to map custom fields to [[hcard|hCard]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=person&action=view&content=JonathanAquino profile] pages.
* [http://claimid.com/factoryjoe Chris Messina' ClaimID hCard]
* [http://factoryjoe.com/blog/hcard Chris Messina' hCard]
* [http://flock.com/about Flock About]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* [http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ GrowSearch Launched (Press Release)] uses an hCard to provide Press Contact Point.
* The [http://www.arborday.org/ National Arbor Day Foundation] has started using hCards for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] has numerous hCards, especially on the [http://www.multipack.co.uk/members/ members page], as well as the next meeting information.
* [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/ Justin McDowell] used an hCard when [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/221332.html referring to a person in his blog post]
* [http://davecardwell.co.uk/cv/ Dave Cardwell] has included his hCard in his Curriculum Vitae.
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull] has written a great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], and has included his [[hcard|hCard]] as one of the examples.
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/ Jesse Skinner] has written a simple [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard tutorial with examples]
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the venue, contacts, and program committee members all with hCard.
* [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk AVF-Nexus] have a hCard on their [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk/contact/ contact page] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/ Andrew White] posted [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/my-hcard/ his hCard] and [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/62/microformats-the-should-have-been-obvious-web-dev-tool/ blogged about it].
* [http://www.2sheds.ru Oleg "2sheds" Kourapov] in his [http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/ blog] ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog X2V]) has turned personal profile into hCard ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/hcard.html X2V]) and his blogroll - into combination XFN/hCards ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/friends.html X2V])
* [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk Approved Design Consultancy] have a hCard on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/contact/ contact page] as well as on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/people/ people section] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin Morris] have [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/2006/01/griffith-phonebook-adds-hcard-and.html implemented hCards and vCards] for the [http://www.griffith.edu.au Griffith University] [http://www.griffith.edu.au/find/content_phonebook.html online phone book]. Eg. [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=ben+buchanan&format=search Ben's vCard] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin's vCard]
* WWF-Australia [http://wwf.org.au/about/contactdetails/ contact details page]
* [http://rasterweb.net/raster/ Pete Prodoehl] used the hCard format on his [http://rasterweb.net/raster/contact.html Contact page] and his [http://rasterweb.net/portfolio/ Portfolio]
* [http://alexander-mette.de amette] uses the hCard format in a module of his TikiWiki powered blog
* [http://staff.washington.edu/oren/weblog2/ Oren Sreebny] has an hcard on his blog main index template
* [http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~zippy/ Patrick Tufts] has an hCard on his homepage.
* [http://ascii20.blogspot.com/ Mathias Kolehmainen and Jamie Taylor] have hCards on their weblog.
* [http://www.hoppsan.org/jamesb/blogger/ Barnaby James] has a hCard on his weblog.
* [http://esa-education.com/schools/map ESA Education] Uses hCards for their 100+ schools and each of the individual school sites.
* [http://www.thereisnocat.com/#vcard Ralph Brandi] has added an hCard to the sidebar of his weblog as a result of Tantek Çelik's portion of the Microformats presentation at SXSW 2006.
* [http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/ephone/ Pierce College] -- community college directory uses hCard on all individual directory entries.
* [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/ the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006] have marked up all their [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/committee/ speakers with hCard].
* http://wikitravel.org/en/Singapore/Sentosa. Wikitravel is experimenting with hcard on its travel guides. This guide uses hcard for all its business listings. More info on http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel_talk:Listings.
* [http://www.musik-erber.de/ Musik-Erber] uses to present contact information at the sidebar
* [http://cdevroe.com/about/#contact Colin D. Devroe] uses hCard to display his contact information on his about page
* The ECS (Scool of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton) [http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people People Pages] use vCard. Contact cjg@ecs.soton.ac.uk if there's any bugs.
* [http://www.southwestern.edu/~ramseyp Pat Ramsey] has his contact information on his blog marked up with hCard. Contact [mailto:ramsey.pat@gmail.com ramsey.pat@gmail.com] if there are any bugs there.
* [http://www.meryl.net/ Meryl K. Evans] has a hidden hCard on her homepage.
* [http://www.vyre.com/company/contact-us/ VYRE] is a CMS development company with a "contact us" hCard
* [http://www.lefdal.cc/info.php Alf Kåre Lefdal] uses hCard in the markup of his contact information
* [http://www.pignwhistle.com.au/ Pig N Whistle, a chain of pubs in Brisbane, Australia] is using hcard to mark up all the contact pages for its outlets and head office
* [http://kollitsch.de/ Patrick Kollitsch] has built his personal Profil as hCard
* [http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/dspar/ Harvard Business School] has hCards on their faculty pages
* [http://openmikes.org/ openmikes.org] uses hCards for open mike venue addresses in its listing detail pages.
* [http://www.intertecnollc.com/ InterTecno, LCC] publishes an hCard on the home page and contact page.
* [http://canaltcm.com/ver/sobre-tcm Turner Classic Movies TCM spanish website] has published contact details as a hCard
* [http://rejuvenation.com/ Rejuvenation] is now using hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.mattash.com/contact/ Matthew Ash] uses the hCard in his contacts section.

=== Examples ===
* [http://shiftingpixel.com/about/the-artist shifting pixel photoblog] has published an hCard.
* [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/ Aiden Kenny] hasn't published his hCard yet, but he has [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/2005/07/elemental-particles-of-web.html published his hCard icon]: http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4224/444/320/AK-Hcard-icon.gif
* [http://thedredge.org Andy Hume] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog, e.g. his [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ blog post on "Using hCards in your blog"].
* [http://www.bidclix.com/ BidClix]'s [http://www.bidclix.com/AboutContact.html Contact BidClix] page has it's ''contact info'' marked up with an hCard.
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda] has managed to embed a photo in [http://suda.co.uk/contact/ his hCard] through the [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2397.txt data uri scheme] by converting the image to BASE64 code. View the Source to see how this is accomplished. [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http%3A//suda.co.uk/contact/ The X2V link] will extract the image and encode it for a vCard which will be displayed in some address book applications.
** Inspired by this I thought to try the same for SVG at [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find Barefoot] ...
** <img class="photo" style="display:none;" src="data:image/svg+xml;text,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?><svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' version='1.0' width='50' height='80' id='svg3957'><defs id='defs3959' /><path d='M 28.91433,...32.192802 z' style='fill:#cc4d00;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1' id='path9551' /></svg>" alt="Barefoot">
** Does it work?? Well it parses OK. Some automated tools replace the < with %3C (etc., eg Brian Suda's vcard form). Unfortunately Kontact (KDE contacts tool) doesn't handle SVG as a vCard photo or logo format - I don't know if this is a standard. It seems it could work and maybe even does somewhere. Maybe the text field needs to be Base64 encoded? ... see [http://slashdot.org/~pbhj/journal/142382 pbhj's slashdot journal] for a bit more on this.
* [http://cinematreasures.org Cinema Treasures] uses hCard to markup venue information for 10,000+ movie theaters.
* [http://www.w3.org/People/Connolly/events/ Dan Connolly's index of events and talks] has hCards for many of the people he has met at those events. In Mar 2006, he moved a bunch of hotel contact info from his PDA to this page; it's now up to 32 hCards.
* [http://doncrowley.blogspot.com/ Don Crowley] has published [http://www.crowley.nl/hcard.html his hCard] as well as a nifty hCard button: http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png
* [http://loadaveragezero.com/hnav/contact.php Douglas W. Clifton] added all types of contact information
* [http://eventful.com Eventful] publishes all of its venue information pages with embedded hCards.
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/members/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Contacts] - 95 hCards [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ marked up by Scott Reynen]
* [http://JackWolfgang.blogspot.com Jack L. Wolfgang II] has [http://jack.randomata.com/resume/ converted the addresses in his resume to hCards].
* [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Mathieu-Drouet_.html Mathieu Drouet] and [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Annie-Leger_.html Annie Leger] both have hCards
* [http://www.ndunn.com Neil Dunn] has published his rather [http://www.ndunn.com/2005/10/7/hCard good looking hCard]
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/ Oliver Brown] has published his hCard.
* [http://www.paradigmproductions.org/contact/ Paradigm Productions] published a vcard as a ul (marked up by [http://www.linkingarts.com/ Peter Jacobson])
* [http://www.splintered.co.uk/ Patrick H. Lauke] has marked up [http://www.splintered.co.uk/about/ his contact info with hCard].
* [http://blah Paul Schreiber has published his hCard on [http://paulschreiber.com/about/?contact his about page].
* [http://paulschreiber.com/blog/ Paul Schreiber]'s [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCards for upcoming artists, as well as an hCard for the page itself. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCards for all past artists.
* [http://www.paulmichaelsmith.com/blog/hcard.htm Paul Smith] has created an hCard page which is Human Readable, and a link to X2V passing the same hCard page to generate a vCard.
* [http://www.windley.com/archives/2005/07/hcards_trying_o.shtml Phil Windley has published] [http://phil.windley.org/hcard.html his hCard].
* [http://www.go-curiosity.com/about.htm Piercarlo Slavazza] has published an hCard.
* [http://zooibaai.nl/ Rob Mientjes] has published his hCard on [http://zooibaai.nl/about/ his about page].
* [http://rbach.priv.at/Contact Robert Bachmann] has published his hCard and [http://rbach.priv.at/Images/hcard a button].
* [http://blah Scott Reynen has published his hCard on [http://www.randomchaos.com/document.php?source=scott_reynen his profile page].
* [http://www.stackframe.com/ StackFrame, LLC] has published [http://www.stackframe.com/people/ employee] and [http://www.stackframe.com/contact/ general] contact information as hCards.
* [http://www.wolfsreign.com Steven Ametjan] has published his hCard on [http://www.wolfsreign.com/about/ his about page].
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/speakers-list.html Syndicate - Speaker List] as a set of hCards
* [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList TagCamp contact list]
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts] includes an inline author hCard at the bottom of the page.
* [http://technorati.com/ Technorati]'s [http://www.technorati.com/about/ About page] lists their '''Media Contact'''
* [http://www.deadringerart.com/ The Brothers McDowell] have hCards at their Contact page.
* [http://twinsparc.com/ Twinsparc] put an hCard in the header and footer of all their pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/speakers.html Web 2.0 Conference speakers page marked up with hCard]
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] marked up all their [http://we05.com/presenters.cfm presenters with hCard].
* [http://www.uoguelph.ca/directory/ The University of Guelph] includes hCard info in its directory.

=== Examples with some problems ===

* [http://gbraad.nl/ Gerard Braad] has published an example on his [http://gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile profile] page that is almost consistent with his original [http://gbraad.nl/files/gbraad.vcf vCard] file. Also progress is made for transforming his [http://files.gbraad.nl/foaf.rdf FoaF] file to a hCard encoded representation. (also done for my spouse:[http://spouse.gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile Yong Yuan])
** (2005-09-27) PASSED, PASSED
** WARNINGS
*** uses 'n given-name' and 'n family-name' instead of nesting the given- and family- names inside the 'n'
*** has one 'tel' value with a bunch of values stuffed in
*** probably more problems --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 17:19, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://kinrowan.net/ Cori Schlegel] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/wp/archives/2005/07/08/a-problem-with-the-structured-blogging-plug-in-for-wordpress/ discusses how he has updated] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/contact his contact page with hCard]
** INVALID - using 'prefix' instead of 'honorific-prefix' and type's in classnames (in both adr and tel) and has two photo's (the second could be 'logo') --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 15:15, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* The good ship [http://styrheim.com/test/leonid.html Leonid Miloslavskiy] spotted in the North Atlantic
** INVALID --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 00:50, 27 Oct 2005 (PDT)
*** class="family" should probably be family-name
*** the "n" property is missing and the "n" optimization can't be applied
*** the first geo propery is empty, the second one is invalid (ie, it doesn't contain lat/long)
* [http://landsbank.fo/#hCard Landsbanki Føroya]
** INVALID - using embedded rdf/xml invalidly
* [http://chrischerry.name/ Chris Cherry's contact page with his hCard]
** <strike>WARNING - uses class="cell" instead of <span class="type">cell</span></strike> Fixed -- [[User:Seriph|Chris Cherry]] 19:54, 15 Sep 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/contact/ University of Bath] Person Finder results are encoded with hCards so you can easily create a vCard from any result.
** ERROR - attempt to use Implied-N optimization where that's not possible. --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 14:29, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
** Error appears for external users only. Won't be fixed any time soon. -- [[User:PhilWilson|PhilWilson]] 00:03, 28 Jan 2006 (GMT)
* [http://richi.co.uk/blog/2005/12/structured-blogging.html Richi Jennings] has put up his attempt
** INVALID, missing FN --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 12:47, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.yellowpencil.com/contact/ Yellow Pencil] Using microformats to present company contact information
** First hcard has empty "fn" and no "n". "fn" should be with "org" -- [[User: ScottReynen |ScottReynen]] 21:29, 19 Jun 2006 (CST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCards. If you have an hCard implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
*[http://leftlogic.com/info/articles/microformats_bookmarklet Microformats Bookmarklet] is a bookmarklet designed for Safari (works in Firefox and Camino) that overlays on the current page to allow users to import individual hCards or hCalendars. Written by Remy Sharp.
*[http://elbewerk.com/2006/09/vcardexplorer-02.shtml vCardExplorer 0.2] is a Mac OS X Application, that displays VCF-Files and extracts hCards from Websites written by Daniel Kagemann.
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://allinthehead.com/hkit/ hKit] is an open source PHP 5 parsing library with support for hCard.
* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].
** list of pages with indexing Issues so they can be looked into as to why data is not being extracted
** suda.co.uk/contact
** multipack.co.uk

* [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Dreamweaver Extension suite] from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project] enables the authoring of hCards from within Dreamweaver 8.
* [http://scooch.gr0w.com/ Scooch] is a slide show and presentation creator that generates a [[hCard]] for individual slide show authors and comment authors with a CSS button to parse and download via [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V]. Also uses [[hReview]] for slide ratings and [[rel-tag]] for categories.
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar
*[http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails] is a Firefox Extension that will display the presence and details of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage. [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2240/ Tails Export] is an extended version.
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla Smartzilla is a Firefox Extension] that finds hCards on web pages and lets you add them to your addressbook.
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCard and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* There is [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/68755089/ evidence of built-in hCard support in the Konqueror browser]. Specifically, Konqueror 3.5, in KDE 3.5 (kubuntu Breezy w/ update).
* There is [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList evidence of a kwiki plugin for hCards]. Update: the [http://svn.kwiki.org/cwest/Kwiki-hCard/ hCard kwiki plugin svn repository]. See the [http://microwiki.caseywest.com/index.cgi?hCard documentation of the hCard kwiki plugin].
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] is a bookmarklet that parses hCard and produces a .vcf (vCard) stream. Note: needs to be updated as the spec is refined
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk Duncan Walker] has built [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla a Firefox extension] that gets hCard data from a webpage, uses Brian Suda's XSL (locally) to transform it to vcard format and opens the resulting .vcf file.
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has written a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script] that detects hCards and allows users to easily add them to their address book application. Relies on the X2V web service to do the conversion.
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCards, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCard to vCard conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''
* [http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim] has also written an [http://diveintomark.org/projects/greasemonkey/hcard/ hCard parser Greasemonkey user script]. It is self-contained and does not rely on the X2V web service.
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/2005/09/03/a-working-microformats-extension-to-simplexml/ Oliver Brown] has written an "extension" to [http://www.php.net/simplexml SimpleXML] that gives simple access to hCard information in PHP 5.
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has built a system (Wordpress plugin?) for [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ using hcards in your blog] to represent people leaving comments on blog posts.
* The [http://tantek.com/microformats/hcard-creator.html hCard creator] is a very simple, yet illustrative, open source user interface / form / script which creates an hCard in real-time as you type in a set of contact information.
* [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt rfc2629.xslt] now attempts to generate hCard information ([http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2629 RFC2629] is an XML format for authoring RFCs and Internet Drafts, see [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629xslt/rfc2629xslt.html example document])
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/buddylist2hcards.html iChat buddy list to hCards] - Open source AppleScript to automatically convert one's buddy list in the MacOSX iChat AIM client into a valid XHTML 1.0 Strict list of hCards.
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] is a collection of palmpilot and sidekick tools. It includes X2V derivatives xhtml2hcard.xsl and toICal.xsl plus some [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/hcardTest.html hcardTest] materials
* [http://www.openpsa.org/ OpenPsa 2.x] CRM application uses hCard for all person listings. The widget is [http://www.midgard-project.org/midcom-permalink-922834501b71daad856f35ec593c7a6d reusable across Midgard CMS]
* [http://www.metonymie.com Emiliano Martínez Luque] has written an experimental [http://www.metonymie.com/hCard_extract/app.html hCard finder and structured search application] that finds hCards within a given set of URLs and returns the ones that match the specified search criteria.
* [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.

== Additional Applications ==
This section is '''informative'''.

There are numerous potential additional uses and applications for hCards on the Web. The following are merely a few thoughts and possibilities that folks have come up with:

* As an open standard/format for [http://www.gravatar.com/ Gravatars].
* Marking up individual authors of blog posts on a group blog
* Marking up people's names and URLs in a blogroll
* Any reference to people in blog posts (e.g. when citing them, or referencing them, or describing them, by name).
* ...

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard.
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] ([[hcard-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCard.
* [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring]] - learn how to add hCard markup to your existing contact info.
* [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] - Example usage of various classes within hCard,
* [[hcard-faq|hCard FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCard, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCards.
* [[hcard-issues|hCard issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcard-profile|hCard profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCard

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

* [[hcard-brainstorming|hCard Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcard-tests|hCard tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCards to try parsing.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]

hcard

2006-10-06T03:00:17Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Value excerpting */ Completed example for vCard fragment "tel"

<h1>hCard</h1>

hCard is a simple, open, distributed format for representing people, companies, organizations, and places, using a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) in [[semantic-xhtml|semantic XHTML]]. hCard is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcard|hCard]]? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] to write up some contact information and publish it, or follow the [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring tips]] to add hCard markup to your current contact page.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

=== Editor ===
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.]

=== Authors ===
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to: my good friend [http://vadim.com/ Vadim] who introduced me to vCard ''many'' years ago, and if I'd only paid more attention then, perhaps I could have helped a lot of people avoid wasting a lot of time reinventing various standards wheels.

== Introduction ==
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "Address Book" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, many bloggers identify themselves by name and discuss their friends and family. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss people in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve this information, automatically convert them to vCards, and use them in any vCard application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCard''' format, which uses a 1:1 representation of the properties and values of the aforementioned vCard standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCards directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCard enables applications to retrieve information directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] and copy the HTML code it generates to your blog or website to publish your contact info.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The vCard standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt RFC2426]) forms the basis of hCard.

The basic format of hCard is to use vCard object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of vCard objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there are HTML elements which better match and convey their semantics. The following properties SHOULD be encoded with the following (X)HTML:
* <code>URL</code> in vCard becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vcard"</code> in hCard.
* Similarly, <code>EMAIL</code> in vCard becomes <code><nowiki><a class="email" href="mailto:...">...</a></nowiki></code>
* <code>PHOTO</code> in vCard becomes <code><img class="photo" src="..." alt="Photo of ..." /></code> or <code><object class="photo" data="..." type="...">Photo of ...</object></code>
* <code>UID</code> in vCard simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL (or EMAIL) for an hCard.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN"), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL"), each class instance should create a instance of that property.

==== Singular properties ====

Singular properties: "FN", "N", "BDAY", "TZ", "GEO", "SORT-STRING", "UID", "CLASS".

All other properties are plural. This list has been derived by analyzing the semantics of the individual properties in vCard RFC2426 and determining logically that they MUST be singular per their semantics. See [[hcard-singular-properties]] for explanations.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===

If an <code><abbr></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><abbr></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.

If an <code><a></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>href="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

If an <code><img></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>src="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the <code><img></code> element's '<code>alt</code>' attribute is the value of the property.

If an <code><object></code> element is used for one or more properties, it must be treated as follows:
# For the "PHOTO" property and any other property that takes a URL as its value, the <code>data="..."</code> attribute provides the property value.
# For other properties, the element's content is the value of the property.

=== Value excerpting ===

Sometimes only part of an element which is the equivalent for a property should be used for the value of the property. This typically occurs when a property has a subtype, like TEL. For this purpose, the special class name "<code>value</code>" is introduced to excerpt out the subset of the element that is the value of the property. E.g. here is an hCard fragment for marking up a home phone number:<br />

vCard:
<pre><nowiki>
tel;home:+1.415.555.1212
</nowiki></pre>

hCard:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard fragment could be displayed as:

<div style="border: thin dashed black; width: 95% ;">
<span class="tel">
<span class="type">home</span>:
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</div>

=== Property Exceptions ===

vCard has several properties which either do not make sense on, or are already implied within the context of a web page. This section explains what to (not) do with them.

# '''NAME''', '''PROFILE''', '''SOURCE''', '''PRODID''', '''VERSION''' properties as defined in Sections 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 3.6.3, 3.6.9 of RFC 2426. Content publishers MUST NOT use these properties in their hCards, and as such, hCard consumers/parsers MUST IGNORE these properties if they are found within an hCard. Instead. hCard to vCard converters SHOULD use the title of the page where the hCard is found (e.g. the <code><title></code> element in (X)HTML documents) to construct the NAME property, MAY output a PROFILE value of "<code>VCARD</code>" per RFC 2426, SHOULD use the URL of the page where the hCard is found to construct the SOURCE property (e.g. perhaps as a parameter to a URL/service that converts hCards to vCards), for an output vCard stream (e.g. a .vcf file). Only services/applications that output actual vCards should write the PRODID property, with the product identifier for said service/application. Similarly only such services/applications should write the VERSION property, with the value "3.0" (without quotes) per RFC2426 Section 3.6.9.

=== Organization Contact Info ===

If the "FN" and "ORG" properties have the exact same value (typically because they are set on the same element, e.g. class="fn org"), then the hCard represents contact information for a company or organization and should be treated as such. In this case the author MUST also NOT set the "N" property, or set it (and any sub-properties) explicitly to the empty string "". Thus parsers should handle the missing "N" property in this case by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

=== Implied "n" Optimization ===

Although vCard requires that the "N" property be present, the authors of the vCard specification (RFC 2426) themselves do not include "N" properties in their vCards near the end of the spec (p.38). This apparent contradiction can be resolved by simply allowing the "FN" property to imply "N" property values in typical cases provided in the spec. We do so explicitly in hCard.

If "FN" and "ORG" are not the same (see previous section), and the value of the "FN" property is exactly two words (separated by whitespace), and there is no explicit "N" property, then the "N" property is inferred from the "FN" property. For "FN"s with either one word see below, and for three or more, the author MUST explicitly markup the "N", except for the organization contact info case, [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard#Organization_Contact_Info see above] for that.

# The content of "FN" is broken into two "words" separated by whitespace.
# The ''first'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "given-name" for the "N" property.
# The ''second/last'' word of the "FN" is interpreted as the "family-name" for the "N" property.
# Exception: If the first word ends in a "," comma OR if the second word is a single character (optionally followed by a period "."), then the first word (minus the comma at the end if any) is interpreted as the "family-name" and the second word is interpreted as the "given-name".

This allows simplification in the typical case of people stating:
* given-name (space) family-name
* family-name (comma) given-name
* family-name (comma) given-name-first-initial
* family-name (space) given-name-first-initial (optional period)

=== Implied "nickname" Optimization ===

Due to the prevalence of the use of nicknames/handles/usernames on the Web in actual content published on the Web (e.g. authors of [[hReview|reviews]]), hCard also has an implied "nickname" optimization to handle this.

Similar to the implied "n" optimization, if "FN" and "ORG" are not the same, and the value of the "FN" property is exactly one word, and there is no explicit "N" property, then:

# The content of the "FN" is treated as a "nickname" property value.
# Parsers should handle the missing "N" property by implying empty values for all the "N" sub-properties.

Note: the hCard may have additional explicit "nickname" property values in addition to the implied nickname.

=== Implied "organization-name" Optimization ===

The "ORG" property has two subproperties, organization-name and organization-unit. Very often authors only publish the organization-name. Thus if an "ORG" property has no "organization-name" inside it, then its entire contents MUST be treated as the "organization-name".

=== Tags as Categories ===

Categories in hCard can optionally be represented by tags with rel-tag. When a category property is a rel-tag, the tag (as defined by rel-tag) is used for that category.

=== Root Class Name ===

The root class name for an hCard is "vcard".

=== Property List ===

This is the list of properties (and subproperties, in parentheses, like this) in hCard, taken from vCard:

* fn, n (family-name, given-name, additional-name, honorific-prefix, honorific-suffix), nickname, sort-string
* url, email (type, value), tel (type, value)
* adr (post-office-box, extended-address, street-address, locality, region, postal-code, country-name, type, value), label
* geo (latitude, longitude), tz
* photo, logo, sound, bday
* title, role, org (organization-name, organization-unit)
* category, note
* class, key, mailer, uid, rev
==== type subproperty values ====

The 'type' subproperty in particular takes different values depending on which property it is a subproperty of. These 'type' subproperty values are case-INSENSITIVE, meaning "Home" is the same as "home", as well as multivalued, e.g. a tel can be home and preferred:
<pre><nowiki>
<span class="tel"><span class="type">Home</span> (<span class="type">pref</span>erred):
<span class="value">+1.415.555.1212</span>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>

The following lists are ''informative''. See RFC 2426 sections 3.2.1 ADR, 3.3.1 TEL, and 3.3.2 EMAIL respectively for normative type values. They are repeated here for convenience. Default type subproperty value(s) is(are) first in each list and indicated in ALL CAPS. types may be multivalued.

* adr type: INTL, POSTAL, PARCEL, WORK, dom, home, pref
* tel type: VOICE, home, msg, work, pref, fax, cell, video, pager, bbs, modem, car, isdn, pcs
* email type: INTERNET, x400, pref, "other IANA registered address types"

=== XMDP Profile ===

See [[hcard-profile]] for the [http://gmpg.org/xmdp XMDP] profile of hCard which contains the above complete list of properties, with references to their RFC 2426 definitions.

=== Parsing Details ===

See [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]].

== Examples ==

This section is informative.

=== Sample vCard ===

Here is a sample vCard:

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCARD
VERSION:3.0
N:Çelik;Tantek
FN:Tantek Çelik
URL:http://tantek.com/
ORG:Technorati
END:VCARD
</nowiki></pre>

and an equivalent in hCard with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcard-example1-steps| hCard Example 1]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vcard">
<a class="url fn" href="http://tantek.com/">Tantek Çelik</a>
<div class="org">Technorati</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This hCard might be displayed as:

[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik]<br />
Technorati

Note: The version information is unnecessary in hCard markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCard that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

=== More Examples ===

See [[hcard-examples]] for more examples, including all examples from vCard RFC 2426 converted into hCard.

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have published hCards, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If you have an hCard on your own page, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://leftlogic.com Left Logic] uses hCard for embedded contact information.
* [http://inga-art.co.uk/artist Inga Scholes] uses hCard for contact information in the sidebar.
* [http://www.lussumo.com/ Lussumo] uses hCards on user profile pages in its open-source [http://www.getvanilla.com/ Vanilla] Discussions Forum software.
* [http://www.creative-ways.nl/ Ron Kok] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog. He also uses hCards in combination with XFN in his blogposts to refer to friends, and has an hCard for himself in the footer of his blog.
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club] in the English Midlands uses hCard on its [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ home page], [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/diary/ events diary] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/club/contact.htm contact pages]. The former is a page footer which is gradually being rolled out across the whole site.
* [http://tagg.no Tagg Media] uses hCard for contact information and provide link to vCard download in the contact section.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_%28The_Matrix%29 Thomas A Anderson in Wikipedia] is now marked up with hCard.
* [http://dconstruct06.madgex.com/ d.Construct 2006 Backnetwork] uses hCards for conference delegates (and provides the markup so that delegates can copy and paste cards into their own sites).
* [http://www.brown.edu Brown University] now uses hCard on the front page
* [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk Dunks at Wide Blue Yonder Web Design] has added hCard markup on his [http://www.wideblueyonderweb.co.uk/wbyw/pages/contact.htm contact page] and is looking to implement it on all past & future contact pages for clients.
* [http://southamptonrubberstamp.com Southampton Rubber Stamp Company] now has hCard markup with a vCard download link on every page.
* [http://barefoot-ceramics.com Barefoot Ceramics paint your own pottery studio] (in Newport, South Wales) has added hCard markup to its [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find#address "Find"] page and other address instances. They hopes to implement hCalendar event lists as soon as an ics to hCalendar PHP class can be found or written.
* IBM is embracing microformats. The [http://www.ibm.com/contact/employees/ IBM Employee Directory] now returns hcards in its query results. Also see the [http://www.ibm.com/shortcuts/ Shortcuts Podcast].
* [http://dsingleton.co.uk/ David Singleton] has added a hCard to his blog.
* [http://krisswatt.co.uk/ Kriss Watt] has hidden an hCard his blog footer.
* [http://www.thestreet.org.au The Street Theatre (Canberra, Australia)] has added hCard markup to its [http://www.thestreet.org.au/contact.htm Contact Us] page. hCalendar markup will soon be added for all of our performances.
* [http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/SVS/personnel/henrich/index.php Henrich C. Pöhls] has marked up his about page using hcard, including his PGP-Key that is stored in an abbr title, using class=key.
* [http://www.yalf.de Yalf Webentwicklung] has [http://www.yalf.de/kontakt contact information] available as hCard (and vCard).
* [http://www.zeldman.com/about/ Jeffrey Zeldman]. Jeffrey Zeldman has marked up his about page using hcard.
* [http://WhereAreYouCamping.com Where Are You Camping]. hCards for all members and camps, employing the include pattern as well. AFAIK this is the first Burning Man related microformats implementation, not to mention addresses in Black Rock City.
* [http://www.clacksweb.org.uk Clackmannanshire Council ]. hCard is implemented for all contact details across the site, and for specific individuals such as elected members (Councillors).
* [http://www.webdirections.org Web Directions ]. hCard is used as contact information for the conference, while speakers are marked up with hCard.
* [http://www.markthisdate.com/contactform.html MarkThisDate.com ]. An hCard is implemented on our contactform. For our calendars hCalendars will follow as soon as possible.
* [http://www.msiinet.com/contact/ MSI Systems Integrators] has its "Contact MSI" page encoded with hCards.
* [http://www.coolblue.nl/ Corporate website of Coolblue BV]. hCards were implemented in both the footer of each page, and in the "News" section for press contact information.
* [http://www.besancon.fr/index.php?p=32 Official site of Besançon (France)] uses hCard for each page concerning the small towns surrounding Besançon.
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/speakers/ d.Construct 2006 conference speakers list] is implemented using hCards.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCards for business and places in the search results
* [http://learningtheworld.eu/imprint/ Learning the World] has hcard information on the imprint, alas we didn't succeed to mark-up the work phone and fax numbers properly.
* The [http://www.fuckparade.org F’parade] website uses hcard, though I didn't find a type to distinguish mobile and landline phone numbers.
* [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm Miranet Webdesign] have added a hcard to their [http://www.miranet.nl/contact.htm 'contact' page]
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] has added a vCard to the [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/about/ 'About' page on The 200ok Weblog]
* [http://www.radiantcore.com Radiant Core] has their contact information [http://www.radiantcore.com/contact/ available in hCard].
* [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/ Mike Rumble] has [http://www.mikerumble.co.uk/contact.html uploaded his hCard].
* [http://www.saumag.edu/ Southern Arkansas University] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://main.uab.edu/ University of Alabama at Birmingham] has its contact footer encoded as hCard
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] has contact footer and bloggers' names encoded as hCard. Also, all page-specific contact information is encoded as hCards (see [http://www.capital.edu/Internet/Default.aspx?pid=67 Admissions] page for an example)
* [http://main.uab.edu/shrp/ UAB School of Health Professions] uses hCard in its contact footer
* [http://green.carisenda.com/ Stephen Stewart] has his hCard on the front page of his weblog ('You are here' section)
* [http://www.fberriman.com/ Frances Berriman] has a hidden vCard in the footers of her website.
* [http://www.candlescience.com/ CandleScience Candle Supply] added a hidden hcard sitewide.
* [http://www.direction.es/ Direction] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://audiobank.tryphon.org AudioBank] uses hCard to display member informations.
* [http://www.vivabit.com/atmedia2006/speakers/ @media speakers] are marked up with hCard (photos depend on BASE tag support which makes this a good test case)
* [http://www.dougransom.com Doug Ransom] uses hCard for his financial advisory practice.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle/members.html ncl.rb] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.snowinteractive.com/ Snow Interactive] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://flickr.com Flickr] now supports [[hcard|hCard]] and [http://gmpg.org/xfn XFN] on profile pages. See [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/113866484/ screenshot of Flickr UI in Flock browser using Flocktails extension - March 17th 2006].
* [http://www.ndiyo.org/contact Contact information for the Ndiyo project]
* [http://www.pixelenvy.co.uk/ Pixel Envy] uses hCard for contact information on every page
* [http://stilbuero.de/contact/ Klaus Hartl] uses hCard in the sidebar for contact information (maybe easier to parse through delivering xhtml as xml).
* [http://charlvn.virafrikaans.com/contact Charl van Niekerk's hCard]
* [http://billy-girlardo.com/WP/ BillyBLOGirlardo] uses hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.hicksdesign.co.uk/ Hicksdesign] uses hCard for contact information.
* http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ - hCard in a press release for the press contact info
* http://www.redmonk.com/cote/archives/2006/03/testing_out_mic.html - hCard with explanation
* [http://andy.ciordia.info/ it's my island], personal blog, hcard on the ''[http://andy.ciordia.info/pages/about_me About the Writer]'' page. [[User:Ciordia9|Andy Ciordia]]
* [http://www.windowonwoking.org.uk/ Window on Woking], a local community site in the UK, uses hCard in the homepage of each member organisation and local Councillor.
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site -- by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://www.30boxes.com/ 30 Boxes],a social calendar application and digital lifestyle aggregator, automatically creates an hcard for you with your account. It is found under Settings > Syndication.
* [http://www.nearwhere.com/ Nearwhere.com] allow you to put an hcard on an interactive map.
* [http://www.brentozar.com/ Brent Ozar] added a [http://www.brentozar.com/contact.php contact] page hCard.
* [http://www.kerihenare.com/ Keri Henare] has rewritten his [http://www.kerihenare.com/contact/ contact] page hCard. Now using <code><object></code> instead of <code><img></code> for photo. (Thanks Brian Suda for updating the vCard converter)
* [http://michaelraichelson.com/contact/ Michael Raichelson] had an hCard on his contact page before SXSW, but never thought to add it here until Tantek requested it.
* [http://www.commoner.com/~lsimon/lindsey_simon_hcard.html Lindsey Simon] has added an hCard to his website as per Tantek's SXSW request for folks to try it
* [http://www.davidgagne.net/ David Gagne] has an hCard in his sidebar.
* [http://www.churchzip.com/map/ Churchzip.com/map] and [http://www.skiwhere.com/map/ Skiwhere.com/map], provide churches, hotels, and ski resorts on the same maps. Locations are formatted as hcards.
* All [http://www.iqdir.com/ IQ Directory Solutions] Yellow Pages web portals use [[hcard|hCard]] markup on listings. For example [http://www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/ Cambodia Yellow Pages] and [http://www.superpages.com.my/ Malaysia Super Pages]
* Ning's cloneable Group app uses fuzzy matching to map custom fields to [[hcard|hCard]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=person&action=view&content=JonathanAquino profile] pages.
* [http://claimid.com/factoryjoe Chris Messina' ClaimID hCard]
* [http://factoryjoe.com/blog/hcard Chris Messina' hCard]
* [http://flock.com/about Flock About]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* [http://www.gr0w.com/articles/press/growsearch_launched_press_release/ GrowSearch Launched (Press Release)] uses an hCard to provide Press Contact Point.
* The [http://www.arborday.org/ National Arbor Day Foundation] has started using hCards for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] has numerous hCards, especially on the [http://www.multipack.co.uk/members/ members page], as well as the next meeting information.
* [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/ Justin McDowell] used an hCard when [http://deadringrancor.livejournal.com/221332.html referring to a person in his blog post]
* [http://davecardwell.co.uk/cv/ Dave Cardwell] has included his hCard in his Curriculum Vitae.
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull] has written a great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], and has included his [[hcard|hCard]] as one of the examples.
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/ Jesse Skinner] has written a simple [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard tutorial with examples]
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the venue, contacts, and program committee members all with hCard.
* [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk AVF-Nexus] have a hCard on their [http://www.avf-nexus.co.uk/contact/ contact page] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/ Andrew White] posted [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/my-hcard/ his hCard] and [http://www.thefantasticos.com/andrew/index.php/62/microformats-the-should-have-been-obvious-web-dev-tool/ blogged about it].
* [http://www.2sheds.ru Oleg "2sheds" Kourapov] in his [http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/ blog] ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog X2V]) has turned personal profile into hCard ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/hcard.html X2V]) and his blogroll - into combination XFN/hCards ([http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http://www.2sheds.ru/blog/friends.html X2V])
* [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk Approved Design Consultancy] have a hCard on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/contact/ contact page] as well as on their [http://www.approveddesign.co.uk/about/people/ people section] - (by [http://creation.uk.com Creation"])
* [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/ Ben Buchanan] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin Morris] have [http://weblog.200ok.com.au/2006/01/griffith-phonebook-adds-hcard-and.html implemented hCards and vCards] for the [http://www.griffith.edu.au Griffith University] [http://www.griffith.edu.au/find/content_phonebook.html online phone book]. Eg. [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=ben+buchanan&format=search Ben's vCard] and [http://www.griffith.edu.au/cgi-bin/phone_search.pl?string=colin+morris&format=search Colin's vCard]
* WWF-Australia [http://wwf.org.au/about/contactdetails/ contact details page]
* [http://rasterweb.net/raster/ Pete Prodoehl] used the hCard format on his [http://rasterweb.net/raster/contact.html Contact page] and his [http://rasterweb.net/portfolio/ Portfolio]
* [http://alexander-mette.de amette] uses the hCard format in a module of his TikiWiki powered blog
* [http://staff.washington.edu/oren/weblog2/ Oren Sreebny] has an hcard on his blog main index template
* [http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~zippy/ Patrick Tufts] has an hCard on his homepage.
* [http://ascii20.blogspot.com/ Mathias Kolehmainen and Jamie Taylor] have hCards on their weblog.
* [http://www.hoppsan.org/jamesb/blogger/ Barnaby James] has a hCard on his weblog.
* [http://esa-education.com/schools/map ESA Education] Uses hCards for their 100+ schools and each of the individual school sites.
* [http://www.thereisnocat.com/#vcard Ralph Brandi] has added an hCard to the sidebar of his weblog as a result of Tantek Çelik's portion of the Microformats presentation at SXSW 2006.
* [http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/ephone/ Pierce College] -- community college directory uses hCard on all individual directory entries.
* [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/ the Institutional Web Management Workshop 2006] have marked up all their [http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/committee/ speakers with hCard].
* http://wikitravel.org/en/Singapore/Sentosa. Wikitravel is experimenting with hcard on its travel guides. This guide uses hcard for all its business listings. More info on http://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel_talk:Listings.
* [http://www.musik-erber.de/ Musik-Erber] uses to present contact information at the sidebar
* [http://cdevroe.com/about/#contact Colin D. Devroe] uses hCard to display his contact information on his about page
* The ECS (Scool of Electronics and Computer Science at the University of Southampton) [http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people People Pages] use vCard. Contact cjg@ecs.soton.ac.uk if there's any bugs.
* [http://www.southwestern.edu/~ramseyp Pat Ramsey] has his contact information on his blog marked up with hCard. Contact [mailto:ramsey.pat@gmail.com ramsey.pat@gmail.com] if there are any bugs there.
* [http://www.meryl.net/ Meryl K. Evans] has a hidden hCard on her homepage.
* [http://www.vyre.com/company/contact-us/ VYRE] is a CMS development company with a "contact us" hCard
* [http://www.lefdal.cc/info.php Alf Kåre Lefdal] uses hCard in the markup of his contact information
* [http://www.pignwhistle.com.au/ Pig N Whistle, a chain of pubs in Brisbane, Australia] is using hcard to mark up all the contact pages for its outlets and head office
* [http://kollitsch.de/ Patrick Kollitsch] has built his personal Profil as hCard
* [http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/dspar/ Harvard Business School] has hCards on their faculty pages
* [http://openmikes.org/ openmikes.org] uses hCards for open mike venue addresses in its listing detail pages.
* [http://www.intertecnollc.com/ InterTecno, LCC] publishes an hCard on the home page and contact page.
* [http://canaltcm.com/ver/sobre-tcm Turner Classic Movies TCM spanish website] has published contact details as a hCard
* [http://rejuvenation.com/ Rejuvenation] is now using hCard for contact information.
* [http://www.mattash.com/contact/ Matthew Ash] uses the hCard in his contacts section.

=== Examples ===
* [http://shiftingpixel.com/about/the-artist shifting pixel photoblog] has published an hCard.
* [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/ Aiden Kenny] hasn't published his hCard yet, but he has [http://thoughtport.blogspot.com/2005/07/elemental-particles-of-web.html published his hCard icon]: http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4224/444/320/AK-Hcard-icon.gif
* [http://thedredge.org Andy Hume] uses hCards to mark-up the names and URLs of commentors on his blog, e.g. his [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ blog post on "Using hCards in your blog"].
* [http://www.bidclix.com/ BidClix]'s [http://www.bidclix.com/AboutContact.html Contact BidClix] page has it's ''contact info'' marked up with an hCard.
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda] has managed to embed a photo in [http://suda.co.uk/contact/ his hCard] through the [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2397.txt data uri scheme] by converting the image to BASE64 code. View the Source to see how this is accomplished. [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/get-vcard.php?uri=http%3A//suda.co.uk/contact/ The X2V link] will extract the image and encode it for a vCard which will be displayed in some address book applications.
** Inspired by this I thought to try the same for SVG at [http://barefoot-ceramics.com/find Barefoot] ...
** <img class="photo" style="display:none;" src="data:image/svg+xml;text,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='no'?><svg xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' version='1.0' width='50' height='80' id='svg3957'><defs id='defs3959' /><path d='M 28.91433,...32.192802 z' style='fill:#cc4d00;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.625;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1' id='path9551' /></svg>" alt="Barefoot">
** Does it work?? Well it parses OK. Some automated tools replace the < with %3C (etc., eg Brian Suda's vcard form). Unfortunately Kontact (KDE contacts tool) doesn't handle SVG as a vCard photo or logo format - I don't know if this is a standard. It seems it could work and maybe even does somewhere. Maybe the text field needs to be Base64 encoded? ... see [http://slashdot.org/~pbhj/journal/142382 pbhj's slashdot journal] for a bit more on this.
* [http://cinematreasures.org Cinema Treasures] uses hCard to markup venue information for 10,000+ movie theaters.
* [http://www.w3.org/People/Connolly/events/ Dan Connolly's index of events and talks] has hCards for many of the people he has met at those events. In Mar 2006, he moved a bunch of hotel contact info from his PDA to this page; it's now up to 32 hCards.
* [http://doncrowley.blogspot.com/ Don Crowley] has published [http://www.crowley.nl/hcard.html his hCard] as well as a nifty hCard button: http://www.crowley.nl/images/hcard.png
* [http://loadaveragezero.com/hnav/contact.php Douglas W. Clifton] added all types of contact information
* [http://eventful.com Eventful] publishes all of its venue information pages with embedded hCards.
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/members/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Contacts] - 95 hCards [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ marked up by Scott Reynen]
* [http://JackWolfgang.blogspot.com Jack L. Wolfgang II] has [http://jack.randomata.com/resume/ converted the addresses in his resume to hCards].
* [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Mathieu-Drouet_.html Mathieu Drouet] and [http://www.efas.fupl.asso.fr/efas/_Annie-Leger_.html Annie Leger] both have hCards
* [http://www.ndunn.com Neil Dunn] has published his rather [http://www.ndunn.com/2005/10/7/hCard good looking hCard]
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/ Oliver Brown] has published his hCard.
* [http://www.paradigmproductions.org/contact/ Paradigm Productions] published a vcard as a ul (marked up by [http://www.linkingarts.com/ Peter Jacobson])
* [http://www.splintered.co.uk/ Patrick H. Lauke] has marked up [http://www.splintered.co.uk/about/ his contact info with hCard].
* [http://blah Paul Schreiber has published his hCard on [http://paulschreiber.com/about/?contact his about page].
* [http://paulschreiber.com/blog/ Paul Schreiber]'s [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCards for upcoming artists, as well as an hCard for the page itself. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCards for all past artists.
* [http://www.paulmichaelsmith.com/blog/hcard.htm Paul Smith] has created an hCard page which is Human Readable, and a link to X2V passing the same hCard page to generate a vCard.
* [http://www.windley.com/archives/2005/07/hcards_trying_o.shtml Phil Windley has published] [http://phil.windley.org/hcard.html his hCard].
* [http://www.go-curiosity.com/about.htm Piercarlo Slavazza] has published an hCard.
* [http://zooibaai.nl/ Rob Mientjes] has published his hCard on [http://zooibaai.nl/about/ his about page].
* [http://rbach.priv.at/Contact Robert Bachmann] has published his hCard and [http://rbach.priv.at/Images/hcard a button].
* [http://blah Scott Reynen has published his hCard on [http://www.randomchaos.com/document.php?source=scott_reynen his profile page].
* [http://www.stackframe.com/ StackFrame, LLC] has published [http://www.stackframe.com/people/ employee] and [http://www.stackframe.com/contact/ general] contact information as hCards.
* [http://www.wolfsreign.com Steven Ametjan] has published his hCard on [http://www.wolfsreign.com/about/ his about page].
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/speakers-list.html Syndicate - Speaker List] as a set of hCards
* [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList TagCamp contact list]
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts] includes an inline author hCard at the bottom of the page.
* [http://technorati.com/ Technorati]'s [http://www.technorati.com/about/ About page] lists their '''Media Contact'''
* [http://www.deadringerart.com/ The Brothers McDowell] have hCards at their Contact page.
* [http://twinsparc.com/ Twinsparc] put an hCard in the header and footer of all their pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/speakers.html Web 2.0 Conference speakers page marked up with hCard]
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] marked up all their [http://we05.com/presenters.cfm presenters with hCard].
* [http://www.uoguelph.ca/directory/ The University of Guelph] includes hCard info in its directory.

=== Examples with some problems ===

* [http://gbraad.nl/ Gerard Braad] has published an example on his [http://gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile profile] page that is almost consistent with his original [http://gbraad.nl/files/gbraad.vcf vCard] file. Also progress is made for transforming his [http://files.gbraad.nl/foaf.rdf FoaF] file to a hCard encoded representation. (also done for my spouse:[http://spouse.gbraad.nl/site/?p=profile Yong Yuan])
** (2005-09-27) PASSED, PASSED
** WARNINGS
*** uses 'n given-name' and 'n family-name' instead of nesting the given- and family- names inside the 'n'
*** has one 'tel' value with a bunch of values stuffed in
*** probably more problems --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 17:19, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://kinrowan.net/ Cori Schlegel] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/wp/archives/2005/07/08/a-problem-with-the-structured-blogging-plug-in-for-wordpress/ discusses how he has updated] [http://kinrowan.net/blog/contact his contact page with hCard]
** INVALID - using 'prefix' instead of 'honorific-prefix' and type's in classnames (in both adr and tel) and has two photo's (the second could be 'logo') --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 15:15, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* The good ship [http://styrheim.com/test/leonid.html Leonid Miloslavskiy] spotted in the North Atlantic
** INVALID --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 00:50, 27 Oct 2005 (PDT)
*** class="family" should probably be family-name
*** the "n" property is missing and the "n" optimization can't be applied
*** the first geo propery is empty, the second one is invalid (ie, it doesn't contain lat/long)
* [http://landsbank.fo/#hCard Landsbanki Føroya]
** INVALID - using embedded rdf/xml invalidly
* [http://chrischerry.name/ Chris Cherry's contact page with his hCard]
** <strike>WARNING - uses class="cell" instead of <span class="type">cell</span></strike> Fixed -- [[User:Seriph|Chris Cherry]] 19:54, 15 Sep 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/contact/ University of Bath] Person Finder results are encoded with hCards so you can easily create a vCard from any result.
** ERROR - attempt to use Implied-N optimization where that's not possible. --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 14:29, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
** Error appears for external users only. Won't be fixed any time soon. -- [[User:PhilWilson|PhilWilson]] 00:03, 28 Jan 2006 (GMT)
* [http://richi.co.uk/blog/2005/12/structured-blogging.html Richi Jennings] has put up his attempt
** INVALID, missing FN --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 12:47, 5 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://www.yellowpencil.com/contact/ Yellow Pencil] Using microformats to present company contact information
** First hcard has empty "fn" and no "n". "fn" should be with "org" -- [[User: ScottReynen |ScottReynen]] 21:29, 19 Jun 2006 (CST)

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCards. If you have an hCard implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
*[http://leftlogic.com/info/articles/microformats_bookmarklet Microformats Bookmarklet] is a bookmarklet designed for Safari (works in Firefox and Camino) that overlays on the current page to allow users to import individual hCards or hCalendars. Written by Remy Sharp.
*[http://elbewerk.com/2006/09/vcardexplorer-02.shtml vCardExplorer 0.2] is a Mac OS X Application, that displays VCF-Files and extracts hCards from Websites written by Daniel Kagemann.
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://allinthehead.com/hkit/ hKit] is an open source PHP 5 parsing library with support for hCard.
* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].
** list of pages with indexing Issues so they can be looked into as to why data is not being extracted
** suda.co.uk/contact
** multipack.co.uk

* [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Dreamweaver Extension suite] from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project] enables the authoring of hCards from within Dreamweaver 8.
* [http://scooch.gr0w.com/ Scooch] is a slide show and presentation creator that generates a [[hCard]] for individual slide show authors and comment authors with a CSS button to parse and download via [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V]. Also uses [[hReview]] for slide ratings and [[rel-tag]] for categories.
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar
*[http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
* [http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails] is a Firefox Extension that will display the presence and details of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage. [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2240/ Tails Export] is an extended version.
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla Smartzilla is a Firefox Extension] that finds hCards on web pages and lets you add them to your addressbook.
* [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCard and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].
* There is [http://flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/68755089/ evidence of built-in hCard support in the Konqueror browser]. Specifically, Konqueror 3.5, in KDE 3.5 (kubuntu Breezy w/ update).
* There is [http://tagcamp.org/index.cgi?ContactList evidence of a kwiki plugin for hCards]. Update: the [http://svn.kwiki.org/cwest/Kwiki-hCard/ hCard kwiki plugin svn repository]. See the [http://microwiki.caseywest.com/index.cgi?hCard documentation of the hCard kwiki plugin].
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] is a bookmarklet that parses hCard and produces a .vcf (vCard) stream. Note: needs to be updated as the spec is refined
* [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk Duncan Walker] has built [http://www.stripytshirt.co.uk/features/firefox/smartzilla a Firefox extension] that gets hCard data from a webpage, uses Brian Suda's XSL (locally) to transform it to vcard format and opens the resulting .vcf file.
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has written a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script] that detects hCards and allows users to easily add them to their address book application. Relies on the X2V web service to do the conversion.
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCards, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCard to vCard conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''
* [http://diveintomark.org/ Mark Pilgrim] has also written an [http://diveintomark.org/projects/greasemonkey/hcard/ hCard parser Greasemonkey user script]. It is self-contained and does not rely on the X2V web service.
* [http://www.oliverbrown.me.uk/2005/09/03/a-working-microformats-extension-to-simplexml/ Oliver Brown] has written an "extension" to [http://www.php.net/simplexml SimpleXML] that gives simple access to hCard information in PHP 5.
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has built a system (Wordpress plugin?) for [http://thedredge.org/2005/06/using-hcards-in-your-blog/ using hcards in your blog] to represent people leaving comments on blog posts.
* The [http://tantek.com/microformats/hcard-creator.html hCard creator] is a very simple, yet illustrative, open source user interface / form / script which creates an hCard in real-time as you type in a set of contact information.
* [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629.xslt rfc2629.xslt] now attempts to generate hCard information ([http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2629 RFC2629] is an XML format for authoring RFCs and Internet Drafts, see [http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/rfc2629xslt/rfc2629xslt.html example document])
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/buddylist2hcards.html iChat buddy list to hCards] - Open source AppleScript to automatically convert one's buddy list in the MacOSX iChat AIM client into a valid XHTML 1.0 Strict list of hCards.
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] is a collection of palmpilot and sidekick tools. It includes X2V derivatives xhtml2hcard.xsl and toICal.xsl plus some [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/hcardTest.html hcardTest] materials
* [http://www.openpsa.org/ OpenPsa 2.x] CRM application uses hCard for all person listings. The widget is [http://www.midgard-project.org/midcom-permalink-922834501b71daad856f35ec593c7a6d reusable across Midgard CMS]
* [http://www.metonymie.com Emiliano Martínez Luque] has written an experimental [http://www.metonymie.com/hCard_extract/app.html hCard finder and structured search application] that finds hCards within a given set of URLs and returns the ones that match the specified search criteria.
* [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.

== Additional Applications ==
This section is '''informative'''.

There are numerous potential additional uses and applications for hCards on the Web. The following are merely a few thoughts and possibilities that folks have come up with:

* As an open standard/format for [http://www.gravatar.com/ Gravatars].
* Marking up individual authors of blog posts on a group blog
* Marking up people's names and URLs in a blogroll
* Any reference to people in blog posts (e.g. when citing them, or referencing them, or describing them, by name).
* ...

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2426.txt vCard RFC2426]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/rfc2426 HTML reformatted version of RFC2426]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcard hCard term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCard.
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Specifications That Use hCard ====
* [[adr]]
* [[geo]]
* [[hcalendar|hCalendar]]
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/PaceBetterPersonElement Atom PaceBetterPersonElement]
* [http://www.jabber.org/jeps/jep-0054.html JEP-0054: vcard-temp]

== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator hCard creator] ([[hcard-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCard.
* [[hcard-authoring|hCard authoring]] - learn how to add hCard markup to your existing contact info.
* [[hcard-examples|hCard examples]] - Example usage of various classes within hCard,
* [[hcard-faq|hCard FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCard, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcard-parsing|hCard parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCards.
* [[hcard-issues|hCard issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcard-profile|hCard profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCard

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

* [[hcard-brainstorming|hCard Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcard-tests|hCard tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCards to try parsing.

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.digital-web.com/articles/microformats_primer/ Digital Web Magazine: Microformats Primer] by Garrett Dimon has a good intro to hCard
* [http://24ways.org/advent/practical-microformats-with-hcard Practical Microformats with hCard] by Drew McLellan
* [http://www.naturalsearchblog.com/archives/2006/09/28/tips-for-local-search-engine-optimization-for-your-site/ Local Search Engine Optimization using Microformats] by Chris Silver Smith
* [http://thedredge.org/ Andrew D. Hume] has written a blog post on [http://usabletype.com/articles/2005/usable-microformats/ usable microformats] which discusses hCard
* [http://www.thefutureoftheweb.com/blog/2006/1/hcard Jesse Skinner's introduction to hCard]
* [http://blog.usweb.com/ Shaun Shull's] great post on [http://blog.usweb.com/archives/how-microformats-affect-search-engine-optimization-seo How Microformats Affect SEO], including his [[hcard|hCard]] as an example.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcard hCard tag]

hcalendar

2006-08-24T05:44:29Z

Bob Jonkman: /* Example */ Added example with start and end times; reference to RFC3339 for human-readable date-time format

<h1> hCalendar </h1>

hCalendar is a simple, open, distributed calendaring and events format, based on the iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. hCalendar is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.

Want to get started with writing an [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] event? Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] to write up an event and publish it.

__TOC__

== Specification ==

; Editor : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
; Authors : [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
: [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
Thanks to:
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.

== Introduction ==
The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "iCal" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.

This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic XHTML. Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==

{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==

=== In General ===

The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]) forms the basis of hCalendar.

Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ "iCal-Basic" effort] and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.

The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML.

=== More Semantic Equivalents ===

However, for some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:
* <code>URL</code> in iCalendar becomes <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vevent"</code> in hCalendar.
* <code>ATTENDEE</code>, <code>CONTACT</code>, and <code>ORGANIZER</code> in iCalendar may be represented by an [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar .
* A named <code>LOCATION</code> (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar may be represented by a nested [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar. Similarly, an address <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by an [[adr]], and a geo (latitude and longitude) <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by a [[geo]].
* <code>UID</code> in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.

=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.

==== Plural Properties Singularized ====

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
If an <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value. This specification recommends that such <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:
* DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE

== Example ==

Here is a sample event in an iCalendar:
<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
DTSTART:20051005
DTEND:20051008
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.

<pre><nowiki>
<span class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-08">7</abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</a>
</span>
</nowiki></pre>
which could be displayed as:

[http://www.web2con.com/ Web 2.0 Conference: October 5-7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA]

The following example specifies a scheduled meeting that begins
at 8:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998 and ends at 9:30 AM EST on March 12,
1998.

<pre><nowiki>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//RDU Software//NONSGML HandCal//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:US-Eastern
BEGIN:STANDARD
DTSTART:19981025T020000
RDATE:19981025T020000
TZOFFSETFROM:-0400
TZOFFSETTO:-0500
TZNAME:EST
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
DTSTART:19990404T020000
RDATE:19990404T020000
TZOFFSETFROM:-0500
TZOFFSETTO:-0400
TZNAME:EDT
END:DAYLIGHT
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:19980309T231000Z
UID:guid-1.host1.com
DESCRIPTION:Project XYZ Review Meeting
CATEGORIES:MEETING
CLASS:PUBLIC
CREATED:19980309T130000Z
SUMMARY:XYZ Project Review
DTSTART;TZID=US-Eastern:19980312T083000
DTEND;TZID=US-Eastern:19980312T093000
LOCATION:1CP Conference Room 4350
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>

The equivalent in hCalendar:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To held on <abbr class="dtstart" title="1998-03-12T08:30:00-05:00">12 March 1998 from 8:30am EST</abbr>
until <abbr class="dtend" title="1998-03-12T09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</abbr></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on <abbr class="dtstamp" title="19980309T231000Z">9 Mar 1998 6:00pm</abbr></small>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

This could be displayed as:

----

<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To held on <abbr class="dtstart" title="1998-03-12T08:30:00-05:00">12 March 1998 from 8:30am EST</abbr>
until <abbr class="dtend" title="1998-03-12T09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</abbr></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on
<abbr class="dtstamp" title="19980309T231000Z">9 Mar 1998 6:00pm</abbr></small></div>

----

Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format. When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.

Note 2: A surrounding <code><nowiki><span class="vcalendar"></nowiki></code> element is optional, and is left out as such. It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered. The implied context/scope is that of the document. Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.

Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

Note 4: ISO8601 dates (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly. In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context. Thus <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements are used to simultaneously provide a human friendly date and/or time in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 datetime in the 'title' attribute.
The notation <code>YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss</code> should be used for better readability, following the format of RFC 3339.

Note 5: The difference between the DTEND ISO8601 date (2005-10-08) and the human readable date (7) is NOT a mistake. [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/2005-September/000769.html DTEND is exclusive], meaning, that the event ends just before the DTEND. Thus for events which start on one day and end on another day, the DTEND date must be specified as the day after the day that a human would say is the last day of the event.

Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]]. See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.

See [[hcalendar-examples]] for more hCalendar examples

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have implemented hCalendar, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If events on your pages are marked up with hCalendar, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== New Examples ===
Please add new examples to this section.
* [http://www.gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2006/schedule.cfm 2006 Nobel Conference] uses hCalendar for the conference schedule
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk Geek in the Park] uses hCalendar for the event information. -- by [[User:Trovster|trovster]]
* [http://www.besancon.fr/ official site of Besançon (France)] for its events
* [http://2006.dconstruct.org/schedule/ Conference schedule for d.Construct 2006] is published using hCalendar.
* [http://local.yahoo.com Yahoo Local] now supports hCalendar
* We used hcalendar for the [http://www.fuckparade.org/flyer/2006/ F’parade flyer 2006], a counter demonstration to the Love Parade in Berlin, alas two issues arose: the '''Firefox tails extension''' doesn't get a summary when it's an alt-text in an image. Also the '''default charset''' when creating an iCal file through the [http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http://www.fuckparade.org/flyer/2006/ Technorati feed] is UTF-8, but our website is ISO-8859-15. Is there a way to define a different charset, or why doesn’t the API respect the charset given by the website in the first place (in our case it’s in the HTPP header, in the XML declaration, ''and'' the meta tag)?
* [http://www.harper-adams.ac.uk/press/events.cfm Harper Adams University College] uses hCalendar to mark up all University events on the Homepage and Events Calendar page.
* [http://www.capital.edu/ Capital University] uses hCalendar on multiple pages to provide feeds of events, relevant to page content
* [http://www.thesession.org/events/ The Session events] uses hCalendar to mark up concerts, festivals and workshops related to Irish traditional music.
* [http://rubyandrails.org/usergroups/newcastle ncl.rb] uses hCalendar to mark up new meetings.
* [http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/ World Cup KickOff] where you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game of the 2006 football World Cup!
** This link was on the [http://www.lifehacker.com/software/sports/world-cup-start-times-for-ical-etc-175393.php Lifehackers site] and made its way to the yahoo news site:

Mon May 22, 4:00 PM ET
The World Cup, one of the world's most watched sporting events, is almost upon us. If you've ever tried to follow your favorite team through the Cup you know that it can sometimes be difficult to know when they're on. World Cup Kickoff can help.

World Cup KickOff is all you will ever need for knowing all the match details for the upcoming World Cup 2006. Whether you use your mobile phone, MS Outlook, Apple iCal or Mozilla Calendar, you can download and keep all the fixtures you are interested in so you will never miss a single game!
ADVERTISEMENT

Next tip? We'll show you how to get up at 2 AM to watch your matches. ;0) Thanks to Tom for the tip!

* [http://gross.org.za/calendar GROSSUG Calendar] - Uses hCalendar to mark up meetings and other events.
* [http://www.webanalyticsassociation.org/en/calendarevents/search.asp Web Analytics Association] - hCalendar microformat is in place on all Tendenci sites on the calendar events search page and consolidated list page.
* [http://www.tendenci.com/en/calendarevents/search.asp Tendenci Calendar Events] with hCalendar
* [http://www.argolon.com/2006/04/17/web20-conference-in-dublin/ Web2.0 Conference in Dublin] hCalendar event
* [http://www.meetup.com/ Meetup.com] has marked up [http://www.meetup.com/cities/us/ny/new_york city event calendars], [http://photo.meetup.com/100/events/ group event lists], and [http://www.meetup.com/ signed-in homepages] with hCalendar.
* [http://ukwindsurfing.com/ ukwindsurfing.com] has marked upcoming events with hCalendar, and the [http://ukwindsurfing.com/events/ events page] in a table.
* [http://ocono.com/ ocono.com] has marked up it's "Upcoming Events" list with hCalendar.
* [http://www.austinbloggers.org/ Austin Bloggers] has marked up their "Upcoming Events" box with hCalendar ([http://www.austinbloggers.org/blog/a/001123.html announcement]).
* Ning's cloneable Group app has [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup on its [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=list event calendar] and [http://group.ning.com/index.php?controller=event&action=view&id=727220 event detail] pages.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2006/03-01-TechPlenAgenda.html Agenda: W3C Technical Plenary Day, March 1 2006] has [[hcard|hCard]] and [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] markup. ([http://www.w3.org/2006/03/01-TechPlenAgenda.html original here]).
* The National Arbor Day Foundation has started using hCalendars for their [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/communityforestry/index.cfm upcoming] [http://arborday.org/programs/conferences/hazardtrees-treeplanting/ conferences].
* [http://www.stateofflux.com/ State of Flux street art site] has started adding events in hCalendar format
* The [http://barcamp.org/#BarCamps BarCamp home page lists upcoming BarCamps marked up with hCalendar] and even has a "Subscribe..." link.
* [http://www.w3.org/2005/12/allgroupoverview.html 2006 W3C Technical Plenary Week] has marked up the schedule and events for the week with hCalendar.
* [http://www.code4lib.org/2006/schedule code4lib Conference 2006 Schedule] is marked up with hCalendar as [http://www.code4lib.org/node/65 announced on their blog].
* [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754 IEEE 754 Working Group] - trying hCalendar for upcoming meetings.
* [http://www.pehuen.org/node/494 Elecciones 2005 Chile] - the first spanish language hCalendar event found in the wild.
* [http://www.codewitch.org/it/2005/11/17/no-creative-commons-no-party/ Giocolando » No Creative Commons? No Party!] is marked up with hCalendar
* [http://www.cmprofessionals.org/events/calendar.html CM Pros Events Calendar] by Bob Doyle
* [http://www.midgard-project.org/community/events/ Midgard CMS Event calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]
* [http://www.iowamilitaryveteransband.com/schedule/ Iowa Military Veterans Band Schedule] - hCalendar markup [http://weblog.randomchaos.com/archive/2005/10/24/Microformats/ added by Scott Reynen]
* [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/posts/00000011.html Upcoming events on Jason A.R. Moody Amusements Weblog] posted by Jason Moody on 15 Oct 2005. [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/index.html His weblog] in general has hCalendar events posted inside the blog posts.
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/syndicate/tracks-sessions-schedule.html Syndicate - Tracks & Sessions]
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/program.html Web 2.0 Conference schedule page marked up with hCalendar]
* [http://www.thisiscmon.com/ C'MON] is a rock band from Canada, and their [http://www.thisiscmon.com/shows/ tour dates] have been marked up by [http://www.d2digitalmedia.com/ Ray Dickman] with hCalendar.
* [http://ifreebusy.com/ ifreebusy.com] will display freebusy information using hCalendar. See this [http://ifreebusy.com/neiljensen/freebusy/ example].
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
* [http://www.asdvbonaparte.nl/ ASDV Bonaparte] is a Dutch debating society. Their events calendar has been marked up with the hCalendar conventions.
* [http://chocnvodka.blogware.com/blog Suw Charman] has marked up [http://suw.org.uk/archives/category/events/ her events] with hCalendar.
* [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/ Blog Business Summit] has published their [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/details.htm event details] marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://eventful.com Eventful.com] publishes all events with hCalendar and venues with [[hcard|hCard]]. Took them only 15 minutes to implement both! Their Atom feeds also contain hCalendar/hCard.
* [http://upcoming.org Upcoming.org] publishes all events and lists of events with hCalendar. Took them only an hour to add hCalendar support to the site.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/ Laughing Squid Calendar] events, [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/9949/2005/5/9 e.g. this party], now supports hCalendar.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCalendar event information for upcoming concerts. In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCalendar events for all past concerts.
* [http://www.complexspiral.com/ Complex Spiral Consulting], both in the "Events" box on left side, and the separate [http://www.complexspiral.com/events/ Events page].
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts], specifically the "Events" roll in the right-most column.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/holidays/ Lesser Known Holidays], a list of holidays on [http://suda.co.uk suda.co.uk] that can be imported via iCal and hCal so you can compare actual transformation versus intended.
* [http://norman.walsh.name/2005/itinerary/ Norm Walsh's travel schedule] use hCalendar as well as GRDDL.
* [http://www.policyawareweb.org/2005/ftf2/paw-mtg Policy Aware Web (PAW) Project Meeting] uses hCalendar to record date-related decisions, and uses a vtodo microformat to record action items.
* The [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems] publishes it's [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/cfps list of notable CfPs on dependability and security] with hCalendar-todo elements.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/laughing-squid-10th-anniversary-party/ Laughing Squid 10th Anniversary Party] has an hcalendar page.
* SPRACI has hcalendar versions of its nightlife/clubbing/gigs/festivals listings for many cities worldwide - eg: [http://www.spraci.com/listhcalendar.php?parea=sydney&category=all Events in Sydney] (check the [http://www.spraci.com/api/ API] pages in the faq section of [http://www.spraci.com/ SPRACI] for more info about the area/city keywords and category tags to use to get data for your city/categories
* WWF-Australia events calendars: [http://wwf.org.au/act/events/ What's on], [http://wwf.org.au/act/volunteer/ Volunteer]
* [http://rubyholic.com rubyholic] uses hCalendar to publish calendars for ruby groups.
* [http://www.bath.ac.uk/whats-on/ University of Bath What's On] uses hCalendar on individual event pages
* The [http://www.kiez-ev.de/ Kiez] is a small cinema and has published its [http://www.kiez-ev.de/programm program] marked up with hCalendar

=== Examples with some problems ===
* [http://www.bokle.de/ s'Bokle] is a German music pub. Their events calendar has been marked up with hCalendar.
** improper use of rrule --[[User:RyanKing|RyanKing]] 16:04, 6 Jan 2006 (PST)
* [http://plan9.tryphon.org/nancy/list Plan9] - Uses hCalendar to mark up events !
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on span element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://www.socaltech.com socalTECH] is a news and information site. Their front page event listing is marked up with hCalendar.
** dtstart/dtend implemented on span element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://www.multipack.co.uk The Multipack] features a vevent for the next meeting information.
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on em element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://iceoasis.shrub.ca/ unofficial schedule site] publishes hCalendar information for upcoming hockey games at [http://www.iceoasis.com/ Ice Oasis]
** dtstart/dtend are implemented on td element [[User:TomArmitage|Tom Armitage]] June 23, 2006

- whilst Tails parses dtstart/dtend on <em>any</em> element, technically it really needs to be on abbr. Technorati Microformats Search only looks for the title element on <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> tags, for instance.

== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCalendars. If you have an hCalendar implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== Authoring ===
Implementations you can use to author, create, and publish hCalendar events.

==== Blogging and CMS tools ====
;Midgard CMS : [http://www.midgard-project.org/documentation/net-nemein-calendar/ Midgard CMS - net.nemein.calendar] - as [http://bergie.iki.fi/blog/new-event-calendar-for-midcom.html blogged by Henri Bergius]

;Drupal module : [http://hybernaut.com/upcoming-hcal Drupal Upcoming.org syndication module emits hCalendar]
;MovableType and WordPress plug-ins : [http://structuredblogging.org/formats.php StructuredBlogging] is a set of plugins [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for WordPress] and [http://structuredblogging.org/structuredblogging-wp-latest.zip for MovableType] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts.
;Textpattern plug-in : [http://placenamehere.com/TXP/pnh_mf/ pnh_mf] is a plugin for [http://textpattern.com/ Textpattern] that supports embedding hCalendar and other microformats in templates and blog posts. Written by [http://placenamehere.com/ Chris Casciano].

==== Browser scripts and plug-ins ====
Browser plugins that work with existing authoring tools:
; Any browser with javascript and a little bit of CSS : [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator microformats.org hCalendar creator] (see also original: [http://theryanking.com/ Ryan King] has an [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar creator]).
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar creator : [http://www.decafbad.com/blog/2005/06/08/greasemonkey_magic magic_hcalendar Greasemonkey user script by Les Orchard] - allows easy form entry of an event into any textarea, e.g. into a blog post text area.
; Firefox Greasemonkey user script hCalendar to Google Calendar: [http://torrez.us Elias Torres] has created a [http://torrez.us/archives/2006/04/13/431/ simple script] that will parse hCalendar entries and create a link to add event to [http://www.google.com/calendar/ Google Calendar's] service. Based on [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats George's] and [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats Arve's] work.

==== Desktop Authoring Tools ====
;Dreamweaver Extension : [http://www.webstandards.org/action/dwtf/microformats/ Extension suite] for Dreamweaver 8 from the [http://webstandards.org/ Web Standards Project].
;xfy :
In [https://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations.

* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=25 hCalendar via RSS] parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=19&lid=23 hCalendar Marker XVCD] helps to mark up an event information in XHTML document with hCalendar.
* [https://www.xfytec.com/community/modules/mydownloads/singlefile.php?cid=15&lid=17 Simple RDF Calendar XVCD] is a schedule tool which uses RDF Calendar format. It also converts RDF Calendar format to iCalendar and hCalendar format.

=== Search and Discovery ===

* [http://kitchen.technorati.com/search Technorati Microformats Search] indexes [[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], and [[hreview|hReview]] as [http://tantek.com/log/2006/05.html#d31t1802 announced by Tantek].

=== Conversion and Import ===
Implementations you can use to importing into a Calendar Application, typically by converting hCalendar to iCalendar/vCalendar.

==== Web Services ====
These return iCalendar (.ics) and other calendar formats for easy importing into typical calendar programs or other processing.
* [http://feeds.technorati.com/events Technorati Events Feed service] uses X2V library to parse hCalendar and return iCalendar (.ics). Note friendly URL, e.g. http://feeds.technorati.com/events/http%3A//microformats.org
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] parses hCalendar and produces a .ics (iCalendar) stream. Note: needs to be updated to track changes in the specification as they occur.
* [http://lifelint.net/ Life Lint Parser] parses hCalendar and produces .ics, .rdf and debugging information and attempts to be more fully compliant to the iCal standard than previous implementations. It can be used in the same manner as X2V. Can output iCal (w optional Outlook 2002 compat), and RDF.
* [http://spanningsalesforce.com/ Spanning Salesforce] produces hCalendar-enabled RSS feeds and .ics calendars from Salesforce.com.

==== Firefox Greasemonkey Plugins ====
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has built a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script that detects hCalendar events and allows users to easily add them to their calendar application(s)].
* [http://inside.glnetworks.de/ Martin Rehfeld] has updated the work of [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] and produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://inside.glnetworks.de/2006/06/05/microformats-have-arrived-in-firefox-15-greasemonkey-06/ script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCalendar events, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCalendar to vCalendar conversion is done internally within the script. ''This will work with FireFox 1.5+/GreaseMonkey 0.6.4+ now.''

==== Aggregators ====
* [http://placenamehere.com/mf/nnwextract/ Extract Microformats] is a script for NetNewsWire that supports extracting hCard and hCalendar data in blog posts (via technorati service). Written by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://kula.jp/software/endo/screenshots/ Endo], an OS X aggregator, supports discovering hCal and adding those events to iCal. Look at the last screenshot at the bottom of the page.

=== Browsing ===
Implementations that detect, display and otherwise highlight hCalendar events in pages.

* In [http://www.xfytec.com/community/ xfy Community], there are some hCalendar implementations. "hCalendar via RSS" parses an RSS feed, retrieves XHTML documents linked from that feed, and syndicates hCalendars into a calendar view.
* [http://web.mit.edu/glasser/www/JSCalendar/ JSCalendar] parses hCalendar and produces a displayable HTML table/CSS-based calendar.

==== Firefox extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/tails-firefox-extension/ Tails is a Firefox Extension] that will display the presence of microformats ([[hcard|hCard]], [[hcalendar|hCalendar]], [[hreview|hReview]], [[xfolk|xFolk]]) on a webpage.

==== Flock extension ====
[http://blog.codeeg.com/2006/03/20/flock-tails-flocktails/ Flocktails] - port of Tails extension for Flock 0.5.12 that looks for hCards, hCalendar, xFolk and hReview and tosses them into a handy topbar

=== Libraries ===
Open source libraries of hCalendar parsers and other related code for building hCalendar implementations.
; Javascript : [http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/11/learn-to-love-microformats simple hCalendar parser] by [http://virtuelvis.com/ Arve Bersvendsen]
; PHP : [http://randomchaos.com/microformats/base/ Microformat Base] is an open-source PHP microformat aggregation crawler, currently recognizing hreview, hcalendar, and hcard.
; Ruby : [http://opensource.reevoo.com/2006/03/08/release-uformats-12/ uformats] is a ruby library that can parse [[hCalendar]], [[hCard]], [[hReview]] and [[rel-tag]]
; XSLT :
* X2V is available as an XSLT library
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] by [[User:DanC]] includes toICal.xsl and test materials; it works much like xhtml2vcal.xsl in X2V. See also: [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ RDF Calendar workspace] with icalendar test materials.

=== Potential implementations ===

These are open source projects that could be potentially enhanced to support hCalendar.

* [http://www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php?topic=About WebCalendar]
* [http://phpicalendar.net/documentation/index.php?title=Main_Page PHP iCalendar]
* [http://www.vcalendar.org VCalendar]
* Investigation: [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Calendar_Talk:Lightning#hCalendar_publish_and_subscribe_support Mozilla Calendar / Lightning / Sunbird hCalendar support discussion]

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [[hcard|hCard]]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt iCalendar RFC2445]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcalendar hCalendar term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt iCal-Basic draft 04]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]

==== Specifications That Use hCalendar ====
* [[hreview|hReview]]

==== Similar Work ====
* [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ IETF-calsify archives]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]

== Related Pages ==
* [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] ([[hcalendar-creator-feedback|feedback]]) - create your own hCalendar events.
* [[hcalendar-authoring|hCalendar authoring]] - learn how to add hCalendar markup to your existing events.
* [[hcalendar-faq|hCalendar FAQ]] - If you have any questions about hCalendar, check here, and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
* [[hcalendar-parsing|hCalendar parsing]] - Normatively details of how to parse hCalendar.
* [[hcalendar-issues|hCalendar issues]] - Please add any issues with the specification to the issues page.
* [[hcalendar-profile|hCalendar profile]] - The XMDP profile for hCalendar

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

* [[hcalendar-brainstorming|hCalendar Brainstorming]] - where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCard
* [[hcalendar-tests|hCalendar tests]] - a wiki page with actual embedded hCalendar events to try parsing.
* [[icalendar-implementations|iCalendar implementations]]

== Further Reading ==
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>"Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''"</blockquote>

* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/01/11.html#a1368 Moving forward with microformats] by [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell Jon Udell] provides an hCalendar example and some discussion.
* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page] and the [http://technorati.com/tags/hcalendar hCalendar tag]