Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

hatom

2007-07-27T14:42:46Z

Charles: Added Vlog Razor as "example in the wild" with hAtom feeds.

<h1> hAtom 0.1 </h1>

hAtom is a microformat for content that can be syndicated, primarily but not exclusively weblog postings. hAtom is based on a subset of the [http://www.atomenabled.org/ Atom] syndication format. hAtom is one of several [[microformats]] open standards.

__TOC__
== Draft Specification ==

;Editor/Author
:[http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] ([http://www.blogmatrix.com BlogMatrix, Inc.])

;Contributors
:[http://members.optusnet.com.au/benjamincarlyle/benjamin/blog/ Benjamin Carlyle]
:[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc.])

=== Copyright ===
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2005}}
* [[User:Tantek|Tantek]]: I release all my contributions to this specification into the public domain and I encourage the other authors to do so as well.
** When all authors/editors have done so, we can remove the MicroFormatCopyrightStatement template reference and replace it with the MicroFormatPublicDomainContributionStatement.

=== Patents ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}

== Introduction ==

hAtom is a [[microformat]] for identifying semantic information in weblog posts and practically any other place [http://www.atomenabled.org/ Atom] may be used, such as news articles. hAtom content is easily added to most blogs by simple modifications to the blog's template definitions.

== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}

== Format ==
=== In General ===
The [http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/#person Atom Syndication Format] provides the conceptual basis for this microformat, with the following caveats:

* Atom provides a lot more functionality than we need for a "blog post" microformat, so we've taken the minimal number of elements needed.
* the "logical" model of hAtom is that of Atom. If there is a conflict, Atom should be taken as correct.
* the "physical" model of hAtom -- the actual writing of elements -- is a lot more varied than Atom provides for, due to the variety of ways weblogs are actually produced in the wild. The hAtom microformat provides a number of rules for "bridging the gap"

=== Schema ===
Schema elements are based on the Atom nomenclature and follow the microformat pattern of prefixing a unique identifier (in this case, '<code>h</code>') on the outermost container elements -- the Feed or Entry. The parts of this microformat are based on analysis of many weblog, bulletin board and media posts and can be read [[blog-post-brainstorming#Discovered_Elements]].

The hAtom schema consists of the following:

* hfeed ('''<code>hfeed</code>'''). optional.
* hentry ('''<code>hentry</code>''').
** '''<code>entry-title</code>'''. required. text.
** '''<code>entry-content</code>'''. optional (see field description). text.
** '''<code>entry-summary</code>'''. optional. text.
** '''<code>updated</code>'''. required using [[datetime-design-pattern]].
** '''<code>published</code>'''. optional using [[datetime-design-pattern]].
** '''<code>author</code>'''. required using '''[[hcard|hCard]]'''.
** '''<code>bookmark</code>''' (permalink). optional, using '''[[rel-bookmark]]'''.
** tags. optional. keywords or phrases, using '''[[rel-tag]]'''.

Some required elements have defaults if missing, see below.

=== Field and Element Details ===

===== Feed =====
* a Feed element is identified by the class name <code>hfeed</code>
* a Feed element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.1.1 Atom feed]
* the Feed element is optional and, if missing, is assumed to be the page
* hAtom documents MAY have multiple Feed elements

===== Feed Category =====
* a Feed Category element is identified by [[rel-tag]]
* a Feed MAY have a Feed Category
* a Feed Category element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.2 Atom category] inside a [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/#optionalFeedElements feed]
* Feed Category elements MUST appear inside a Feed element but not inside an Entry element
* the [[rel-tag]] <code>href</code> encodes the atom <code>category:term</code>; the link text defines the atom <code>category:label</code>

===== Entry =====
* an Entry element is identified by class name <code>hentry</code>
* an Entry element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.1.2 Atom entry]
* any microformat content inside a <code><blockquote></code> or <code><q></code> element within the Entry should not be considered part of the Entry.
: ''This allows quoting other microformated data without worry of corrupting the model''

===== Entry Category =====
* an Entry Category element is identified by [[rel-tag]]
* an Entry MAY have an Entry Category
* an Entry Category element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.2 Atom category] inside an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/#optionalEntryElements entry]
* the [[rel-tag]] <code>href</code> encodes the atom <code>category:term</code>; the link text defines the atom <code>category:label</code>

===== Entry Title =====
* an Entry Title element is identified by the class name <code>entry-title</code>
* an Entry SHOULD have an Entry Title
* an Entry Title element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.14 Atom entry title]
* if the Entry Title is missing, use
** the first <code><h#></code> element in the Entry, or
** the <code><title></code> of the page, if there is no enclosing Feed element, or
** assume it is the empty string

===== Entry Content =====
* an Entry Content element is identified by class name <code>entry-content</code>
* an Entry SHOULD have Entry Content
* an Entry Content element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#atomContent Atom content]
* an Entry MAY have 0 or more Entry Content elements. The "logical Entry Content" of an Entry is the concatenation, in order of appearance, of all the Entry Contents within the Entry
: ''Many weblogs split content into multiple sections with a "Read More" link and javascript tricks. This is also needed in cases where Entry Titles are coded inline and are considered part of the content.''
* if the Entry Content is missing, assume it is the empty string

===== Entry Summary =====
* an Entry Summary element is identified by class name <code>entry-summary</code>
* an Entry Summary element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.13 Atom summary]
* an Entry MAY have 0 or more Entry Summary elements. The "logical Entry Summary" of an Entry is the concatenation, in order of appearance, of all the Entry Summarys within the Entry

===== Entry Permalink =====
* an Entry Permalink element is identified by [[rel-bookmark]]
* an Entry SHOULD have an Entry Permalink
* an Entry Permalink element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.7 Atom link in an entry]
* if the Entry Permalink is missing, use the URI of the page; if the Entry has an "id" attribute, add that as a fragment to the page URI to distinguish individual entries

===== Entry Updated =====
* an Entry Updated element is identified by class name <code>updated</code>
* an Entry Updated element represents the concept of [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.15 Atom updated]
* an Entry SHOULD have an Entry Updated element
* use the [[datetime-design-pattern]] to encode the updated datetime
* if there is no Entry Updated element,
** use the Entry Published element, if present
** otherwise the page is invalid hAtom

===== Entry Published =====
* an Entry Published element is identified by the class name <code>published</code>
* an Entry Published element represents the concept of [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.9 Atom published]
* use the [[datetime-design-pattern]] to encode the published datetime

===== Entry Author =====
* an Entry Author element is represented by class name <code>author</code>
* an Entry Author element represents the concept of an [http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php#rfc.section.4.2.1 Atom author]
* an Entry Author element MUST be encoded in an [[hcard|hCard]]
* an Entry Author element SHOULD be encoded in an <code><address></code> element
* an Entry SHOULD have at least one Entry Author element
* an Entry MAY have more than one Entry Author elements
* if the Entry Author is missing
** find the [[algorithm-nearest-in-parent|Nearest In Parent]] <code><address></code> element(s) with class name <code>author</code> and that is/are a valid [[hcard|hCard]]
** otherwise the entry is invalid hAtom

=== XMDP Profile ===
<pre>
<dl class="profile">
<dt>class</dt>
<dd>
<a rel="help" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">
HTML4 definition of the 'class' attribute.</a>
This meta data profile defines some 'class' attribute values (class names)
and their meanings as suggested by a
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-htmllink-970328#profile">
draft of "Hypertext Links in HTML"</a>.
<dl>
<dt>hfeed</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:feed from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>hentry</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:entry from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>entry-title</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:title inside of an atom:entry from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>entry-content</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:content from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>entry-summary</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:summary from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>bookmark</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:link (without any "rel") with an atom:entry from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>published</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:published from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>updated</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:updated from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
<dt>author</dt>
<dd>
The concept of atom:author from
<a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a>,
constrained and modified as per the <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hatom">hAtom microformat spec</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
</pre>

== Examples ==

See [[hatom-examples]].

== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.

The following sites have implemented hAtom , and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc. If your site marked up with hAtom, feel free to add it to the '''top''' of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

=== 0.1 hAtom examples===

* [http://www.blogger.com Blogger]
** [http://groups.google.com/group/bloggerDev/browse_thread/thread/69344c5cc35b472e Announcement] on Blogger Dev that all new blogs will have hAtom classes
* AOL
**[http://news.aol.com AOL News], AOL News has implemented hAtom into their center column. This display will be used on other AOL channels as well
**[http://sports.aol.com AOL Sports], AOL Sports is the second AOL channel to use the hAtom display for its center column data
* [http://www.creation.uk.com Creation design & marketing] uses hAtom for a lot of the content as well as [http://www.creation.uk.com/news/2007/06/06/easy-money/ comments on articles].
* [http://www.sndbx.org/ The Sandbox Designs Competition] uses hAtom for all content, hCard for participant (the competition designers) and sponsor information, hCalendar for the competition schedule, XFN for links, and rel-license for licensing information. It's all GNU GPL.
* [http://guyleech.net guyleech.net] uses hAtom for blog posts, and uses hCard for contact information. There is also an [http://guyleech.net/2007/7 article] on how to minimise hAtom, to save time and code.
* [http://kpumuk.info/ Dmytro Shteflyuk] uses hAtom for all blog posts.
* [http://blog.no-panic.at Florian Beer] uses hAtom to mark up all the blog posts. There is also a [http://blog.no-panic.at/2006/11/16/hatom-and-wordpress/ tutorial] on how to convert Wordpress themes to include hAtom.
* [http://ficlets.com/ Ficlets] uses hAtom on the [http://ficlets.com/stories main stories page] and on [http://ficlets.com/stories/12 individual story pages].
* [http://www.international.unt.edu UNT International] uses hAtom combined with hCard on news/announcement pages (e.g., [http://www.international.unt.edu/quick/news the main news page]) in addition to providing traditional Atom feeds
* [http://www.absalom.net.au Absalom Media] uses hAtom combined with hCard for articles.
* [http://www.joomlamug.com Joomla! Melbourne User Group] uses hAtom combined with hCard for articles.
* [http://www.volume.co.uk Volume] - Main news page is marked up as hAtom 0.1
* [http://yedda.com Yedda] - Yedda support hAtom on exploration of questions where there is also support for Atom and RSS feeds. ([http://yedda.com/questions/recent/ example])
* The [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ West Midland Bird Club's] frequently-updated [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/new.htm What's New] page, [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/ladywalk/latest.htm news from its Ladywalk Reserve] and [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/worcs/grimley/latest.htm news from Grimley Pits] — comments welcome on my talk page [[User:AndyMabbett|Andy Mabbett]]
* [http://pixelsebi.com pixelsebi's repository] uses hAtom 0.1 for blog posts (and hCard, hCalendar, XFN, xFolk and many more) based on manual WordPress template modifications
* [http://www.geekinthepark.co.uk Geek in the Park] uses hAtom for the comments. -- by [[User:Trovster|trovster]]
* [http://www.csarven.ca Sarven Capadisli] uses hAtom for the articles and comments -- by [[User:Csarven|csarven]]
* [http://www.fberriman.com fberriman.com] uses hAtom 0.1 for blog posts (WordPress loop) and hCard throughout -- by [[User:Phae|Frances Berriman]] (Also - [http://www.fberriman.com/?p=86 Implementing hAtom: The Entries Code])
* [http://www.capital.edu Capital University] uses hAtom 0.1 to mark up the feed of latest posts by student bloggers on its home page.
* [http://blog.davidjanes.com Ranting and Roaring] (David Janes)
* [http://ChunkySoup.net/ ChunkySoup.net] has redesigned using hAtom 0.1 and hCards on the entire site -- by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]]
* [http://sedna.spip.org/sedna/ Sedna RSS] (a feed aggregator based on SPIP, by Fil, IZO and others; GPLd sources are available at [http://zone.spip.org/trac/spip-zone/browser/_squelettes_/sedna SPIP-Zone])
* [http://members.optusnet.com.au/benjamincarlyle/benjamin/blog/ Sound Advice] (Benjamin Carlyle)
* [http://quotedprintable.com/pages/scribbish Scribbish] is a Typo theme which uses hAtom.
* [http://rbach.priv.at/hAtom2Atom/Changelog/ hAtom2Atom.xsl's Changelog] is published as hAtom and Atom.
* [http://federali.st/ federali.st]'s webbed Federalist Papers are each marked up in hAtom.
* [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/sandbox/ Sandbox] is a theme for [http://wordpress.org/ WordPress] that uses hAtom.
** The theme is also available to accounts on the [http://wordpress.com/ <username>.wordpress.com] hosting service. The [http://blog.coworking.info Coworking] and [http://barcamp.wordpress.com BarCamp] blogs are examples of custom Sandbox themes.
* [http://www.whump.com/dropbox/Strangelove.zip Strangelove] is a modification of the default WordPress theme (Kubrick) with hAtom support.
** It points to the hAtom2Atom proxy service as the link for syndication feeds.
* All [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/ plaintxt.org themes] for [http://wordpress.org/ WordPress] now use hAtom. The themes are also coded for hCard compliance. The themes, by name, are:
** [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/barthelme/ Barthelme] (two-column, fluid), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/blogtxt/ blog.txt] (two- or three-column, elastic), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/plaintxtblog/ plaintxtBlog] (three-column, fluid), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/simplr/ Simplr] (one column, elastic), [http://www.plaintxt.org/themes/veryplaintxt/ veryplaintxt] (two column, fluid)
* [http://archgfx.net/blog/index.php/themes/disconnected/ Disconnected], a theme for WordPress, also incorporated hAtom with version 1.2
* [http://www.pats.ua.ac.be/courses PATS Courses], the PATS Research Group uses hAtom to mark up the latest course documents for some of their courses
* [http://mix.excite.co.uk Excite MIX], the Ajax Start Page from Excite Europe, uses hAtom 0.1 and hCard in the Feed Viewer to mark up feed entries and authors.
* [http://last.fm Last.FM], a social music sharing platform, uses hAtom markup for [http://blog.last.fm/2007/05/30/rss-your-shoutbox-and-you shoutbox], and recommends using [http://tools.microformatic.com microformatic]'s transcode tool
* [http://vlograzor.com/ Vlog Razor] - Contains multiple hAtom feeds on the same page.

===Examples with some problems===

Entries may be moved here if there's a problem with the way hAtom is used on the page concerned. If the page is yours, and you want to improve it, see the [[hatom-faq|hAtom FAQ]], or raise any queries on [[hatom-issues|hAtom Issues]] or [[mailing-lists#microformats-discuss|the mailing list]], where people will be happy to help you.

==== Pre 0.1 hAtom examples====
These pages conform to an older draft standard and need to be updated.

* [http://www.myelin.co.nz/post/ Second p0st] (Phil Pearson)

== Implementations ==

This section is '''informative'''.

The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hAtom links. If you have an hAtom implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list. Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.

* [http://dichotomize.com/uf/hatom/creator.html hAtom Creator] modified from the other creators by BenWest.
* the [http://tools.blogmatrix.com/extract/ Almost Universal Microformat Parser] can extract hAtom content from webpages ([http://tools.blogmatrix.com/extract/?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.davidjanes.com&microformat=hatom&submit=Submit example])
* the [http://www.trinityanne.com/tools/greasemonkey/microformat-action.user.js microformat-action] [[greasemonkey|Greasemonkey]] script detects hAtom content on webpages and will call the [http://tools.blogmatrix.com/extract/ Almost Universal Microformat Parser]
* [http://rbach.priv.at/hAtom2Atom/ hAtom2Atom.xsl] transforms hAtom to Atom (as the name suggests.)
* There is now an [http://www.lukearno.com/projects/hatom2atom/ hatom2atom proxy] that uses hAtom2Atom.xsl.
* [http://placenamehere.com/article/185/SubscribingTohAtomFeedsWithNetNewsWire Subscribe To hAtom] is a script that provides [http://ranchero.com/netnewswire/ NetNewsWire 2.x] users with the ability to subscribe to hAtom documents as they would any other feed. by [[User:ChrisCasciano|Chris Casciano]].
* [http://boxtheweb.mihopa.net/code/apis/#outlineclasses Outline Classes] - has GPL'ed PHP code for reading hAtom
* [http://boxtheweb.4x2.net/ BoxtheWeb] - supports subscribing to hAtom as a feed format

== References ==
=== Normative References ===
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xhtml1-20020801/ XHTML 1.0 SE]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4287 RFC4287: The Atom Syndication Format]
* [[hcard-parsing]]

=== Informative References ===
* [http://www.atomenabled.org/ atomenabled.org]

== Work in progress ==
This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. There is a separate document where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hAtom:

* [[blog-post-brainstorming|blog-post Brainstorming]]

=== Version 0.1 ===

Version 0.1 was released 28 February 2006.

== Discussions ==

* See [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page].

=== Q&A ===
* If you have any questions about hAtom, check the [[hatom-faq|hAtom FAQ]], and if you don't find answers, add your questions!

=== Issues ===
* Please add any issues with the specification to the separate [[hatom-issues|hAtom issues]] document.

==See Also==
{{hatom-related-pages}}
* [[rel-enclosure]] - how to semantically reference enclosures (e.g. podcasts) in hAtom
* [[blog-post-brainstorming]]
* [[blog-post-formats]]
* [[blog-post-examples]]
* [[blog-description-format]] - how to describe a blog (as opposed to the individual entries, which is what we're doing here)

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T09:02:56Z

Charles: Added some more stuff to Container Formats' Notes for Microformats.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

Anothing thing for any Microformat to consider is that it may be the case that the data files that are muxed in the container format may also be offered in non-muxed forms. This is important when alternatives are offered.

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:switch></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Parallel Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:seq></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:53:32Z

Charles: Added new aspect to "Playing Format Comparison Table"

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:switch></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Parallel Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:seq></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:50:32Z

Charles: Filled in stuff for Atomic RSS+SMIL.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:switch></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:seq></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:46:20Z

Charles: Added stuff to pre-fetching aspect.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:37:17Z

Charles: Added more columns to the "Playing format comparison table". (They're empty in this "saving" of the page.)

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:23:08Z

Charles: Moved stuff in original comparison table about "playing" to "playing section".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T05:18:54Z

Charles: Moved pre-fetching down to playing part of "Comparison Table".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T02:36:05Z

Charles: Added some stuff to "Audio Formats" section.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T02:07:56Z

Charles: Spelling correction.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T02:05:55Z

Charles: Added "Raster Graphic Formats" section. And added "Vector Graphic Formats" section.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vectory Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-19T02:00:47Z

Charles: Added some stuf to RSS 2.0.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:32:18Z

Charles: correction

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:28:43Z

Charles: Added "Playing Formats" section.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:09:01Z

Charles: Added some spacing.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:04:51Z

Charles: Added stuff to Atom+SMIL.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:03:54Z

Charles: Added stuff to Atomic RSS+SMIL.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T20:02:08Z

Charles: Added stuff to Ogg

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:59:27Z

Charles: Fixed title of section

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:58:30Z

Charles: Added Container Format Comparison Table.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:49:35Z

Charles: Added stuff to "ASF"

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:46:05Z

Charles: Renamed "Problems with Container Formats" to "Notes for Microformats".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:44:10Z

Charles: Added AAC and Speex to "Formats & Protocols".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Problems with Container Formats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:34:27Z

Charles: Added stuff fo Audio Formats.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Problems with Container Formats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:23:12Z

Charles: Fixed Audio Format Comparison Formats

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Problems with Container Formats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:19:21Z

Charles: Added Audio Formats Comparison Table.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Problems with Container Formats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Formats ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T19:05:11Z

Charles: Added stuff to "Container Formats".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Problems with Container Formats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WAV
* WMA

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T18:50:12Z

Charles: Renamed "Audio Metadata" to "Audio Metadata Formats".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WAV
* WMA

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T18:49:27Z

Charles: Added some stuff to "Audio Formats"

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WAV
* WMA

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T18:46:02Z

Charles: Added "Audio Formats" section

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WAV

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T18:41:51Z

Charles: Renamed "Audio" section to "Audio Metadata".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T18:38:01Z

Charles: Added more info to Container Formats

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T10:07:51Z

Charles: Added stuff to "Container Formats"

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T09:47:16Z

Charles: Added "Container Formats" sub-section

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
* Ogg
* QuickTime

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T09:42:05Z

Charles: Creating "formats and protocols" section to act as a kind of glossary of the different formats we need to consider. (Might need some organization here.)

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Formats & Protocols =

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

== AVI ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-18T07:43:55Z

Charles: Edited introductory paragraph "purpose" paragraph for increase of scope of this page. (Maybe this page should be renamed to media-examples.)

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:51:33Z

Charles: Added rel-author, rev-author, and <address> to "Microformats" for "Authorship" aspect. And added other comments too.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:46:13Z

Charles: Adding "playing" stuff.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:32:22Z

Charles: Added more to --- updated -- Microformats stuff for "title aspect".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:25:10Z

Charles: Updated formatting

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:23:57Z

Charles: Fixed markup error

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:19:25Z

Charles: Some formatting changes

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li><ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:13:57Z

Charles: Added "Media Concept" for "Atom"

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><atom:author> <atom:contributor></td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><atom:feed> <link rel="self" href="..." /></td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><atom:entry> <link rel="alternate" href="..." /></td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T21:08:34Z

Charles: Added Atom Column. And added some stuff in the "concepts" part.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><atom:author> <atom:contributor></td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><atom:feed> <link rel="self" href="..." /></td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><channel> <link></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><atom:entry> <link rel="alternate" href="..." /></td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><item> <link></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:46:33Z

Charles: Added stuff to "Media Concepts", "Episode Concepts", and "Show Concepts" for "Microformats ".

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><channel></td>
<td><channel></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><channel></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><item></td>
<td><item></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><item></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:38:20Z

Charles: Added "concepts" stuff.

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><channel></td>
<td><channel></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><channel></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><item></td>
<td><item></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><item></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:25:40Z

Charles: Fixed minor formatting error

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:24:02Z

Charles: Added "preview" aspect

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:06:39Z

Charles: Media RSS had <media:adult> deprecated and replaced by <media:rating>... updating this to reflect that

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2005-12-17T20:02:52Z

Charles: Added "M3U" column. (Note, this is "M3U" and not "Extende M3U".)

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia metadata profiles currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your profiles in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files. Typically, this metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><itunes:author> <itunes:owner> <itunes:name> <itunes:email></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><cite> [[hcard|hCard]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><media:adult></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>

<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5> <h6> class="title"</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.

= Related LInks =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

[[Category:NewTube]]