Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

media-info-examples

2007-04-17T21:28:40Z

MaryHodder: updated some info

= Media Info Examples =

== Contributors ==

* [[User:RodBegbie | RodBegbie]]
* [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek Çelik]
* [http://napsterization.org/stories/ Mary Hodder]
* [http://joshkinberg.com/blog/ Joshua Kinberg]
* [[User:ChrisMessina | ChrisMessina]]
* [http://onlisareinsradar.com/ Lisa Rein]
* [[User:ManuSporny | Manu Sporny]], [http://www.bitmunk.com/ Bitmunk] - [http://blog.digitalbazaar.com Digital Bazaar], Inc.
* [[User:MikeJohnson | Mike Johnson]], [http://www.bitmunk.com/ Bitmunk] - [http://blog.digitalbazaar.com Digital Bazaar], Inc.

== Introduction ==

Examples of what people actually publish on the Web when discussing, linking to, referring to media. This is focused predominantly on time based media such as audio and video, but may consider aspects of static media as well such as still images.

== Emphasis on Practical, Simple, and Minimal ==

Since all previous known attempts at this problem area have ended up quite complex and over-designed, this attempt will place simplicity and minimalism first and foremost.

Thus for now, this document is deliberately restricted to examples that are:
* ''Actual'' examples in practice on the Web '''with URLs''' to the originals (note, all *-examples pages should be like this, but previous attempts at documenting media info examples have mostly ignored this requirement, and thus it is necessary to be explicit).
* Representative of ''very common'' publishing behavior on the Web. This focus on common, representative examples is essential. If possible, include an estimate of the number of similar examples. E.g. ~10k.
* Simple and minimalist. As simple as possible. Go read [http://microformats.org/wiki/microformats#the_microformats_principles the microformats principles] right now before proceeding any further.

Any examples added which do not conform to these requirements will be deleted.

Any generic analysis will also be deleted. Analysis before examples is premature. Once there are sufficient media-info-examples, and hopefully a simple/clean listing of [[media-info-formats]], we'll hopefully start a [[media-info-brainstorming]] page to do aggregate analysis of the examples.

===Note on proposals===

Because the hMedia became a task so big that it seems impossible to make it "simple and minimal" discussions started on splitting them by media type.

see: [[audio-info-brainstorming]]

== Table of Contents ==

__TOC__

== Real World Examples ==

=== Overall Notes About Examples ===
These examples are organized into a short list of top level media categories, in the hopes that it will be easier to determine if there are media specific publishing behaviors, in addition to common behaviors across multiple types of media. Some may be subcategorized and distinguished by whether it was published by an individual publisher or a service:
* Audio (Speech, Music)
* Video
* Photos

The numbers after some of the examples' descriptions are based on numbers found pulling in media records at Dabble. Others may have higher numbers and would be encouraged to restate them if that's true.

=== Audio ===

==== Speech ====
Publication of audio speeches on blogs is often called "podcasting". In essence though, it is simply audio speech publishing. Quotes of audio files are beginning to appear, and publishers are putting up files with links to other audio files they've quoted from. Most audio appears to often have the same base elements as video and photos, with the exception of quotes.

===== Individual Publishing of Speech =====

* [http://www.microformats.org/blog/2005/09/30/web-essentials-audio/ Microformats: Web Essentials Audio]
** Appears to be composed of:
*** title/summary of the recording
*** clickable hyperlink to the recording (MP3)
** Contextual:
*** (primary) speaker is indicated in nearby text

* [http://www.thechrispirilloshow.com/help/20060119_chuck_cummins_on_windows_vista_interface_design.phtml Chris Pirillo podcast]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, media URL(s), description or summary, categories/tags underneath what is viewable, and date. +10k

* [http://yukelzon.blogspot.com/2006/01/podcasts.html Reflog's Random Thoughts podcast]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, description or summary, creator, tags and publish time and date. NOTE, record also contains an [http://images.apple.com/r/ipodstore/ipodviews/0.jpg image] +10k records.

* [http://www.evilgeniuschronicles.org/wordpress/2006/01/12/egc-clambake-for-january-12-2006/ Evil Genius Chronicles podcast]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, description or summary, quotes URLs and descriptions, licence, creator, tags and publish time and date. +10k records.

* [http://www(dot)bizbyjake.com/2006/01/how-are-you-doing.html media published from a blog, Jake Steinfeld's Audio Blog] NOTE: this record had trouble because mediawiki blocks any DOTbiz domains and so while this domain coincidentally has a DOTbizbyjake.com name that is not a TLD, it was still blocked in the loading of the page with this example. So please adjust the URL manually and then visit the site.
** This example has a Title, Html URL, media URL, creator and publish time and date. +10k records.

==== Music ====

===== Individual Publishing of Music =====

* [http://www.bradsucks.net/music/ Brad Sucks » music]
** Has album title, song title, separate link to more info, inline flash player, and play link (to mp3)

* [http://www.scottandrew.com/music/ Scott Andrew - lo-fi acoustic pop superhero! > music >]
** Has album title, song title, licensing info, remixing policy, multiple formats such as streaming link (to m3u), play links (to mp3, OGG, FLAC)
** Record contains album cover image.

* [http://www.hearingdouble.co.uk/dumb/index2.html Portishead Remixed]
** Whole page is for one album (a mash-up remix of a Portishead album). Has Album Track Number and Title (linked to mp3) and Remixer's name. Also a link to multiple formats such as the BitTorrent download of the whole album.
** Record contains album cover images.

===== Service Publishing of Music =====

* [http://audiofind.ru/ AudioFind]
** [http://audiofind.ru/music/album/-/Lost%20Angel/Destination/?id=591 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, genre (link), style (link), release date, label, summary, web-based purchase (link), price, artist rating, album rating.
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://audiofind.ru/music/album/-/Lost%20Angel/Destination/?id=591 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length, rating, price, sample (link), web-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image

* [http://bigpondmusic.com Telstra BigPond]
** [http://bigpondmusic.com/Album/The-Decemberists/The-Crane-Wife.aspx Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, genre, release date, label, summary, web-based purchase (link), subscriber price, non-subscriber price, cover image
** [http://bigpondmusic.com/Album/The-Decemberists/The-Crane-Wife.aspx Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, artist, album, price, add to pop-list (link), sample (link), web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.bitmunk.com/ Bitmunk]
** [http://www.bitmunk.com/showdetails?action=view&cwid=6068744 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, album title, publisher, release date, genre (link), summary, long description, payees, total price, sample (link), tracks, web-based purchase (link), p2p-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.bitmunk.com/showdetails?action=view&cwid=6068746 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, song title, composer, publisher, release date, genres, album, payees, total price, web-based purchase (link), p2p-based purchase (link)

* [http://downloadpunk.com Download Punk]
** [http://www.downloadpunk.com/?webaction=AlbumDetail&albumid=13202 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), label (link), physical-based purchase (link), web-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.downloadpunk.com/?webaction=AlbumDetail&albumid=13202 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, sample (link), price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.fye.com FYE]
** [http://www.fye.com/Not-Too-Late-Music_stcVVproductId7456462VVcatId458211VVviewprod.htm Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), format, release date, label (link), UPC, product id, genre, styles, regular price, store price, savings, physical-based purchase (link), tracks, description, reviews, production credits
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.fye.com/Not-Too-Late-Music_stcVVproductId7456462VVcatId458211VVviewprod.htm Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, artist

* [http://imusic.libero.it/ iMusic]
** [http://imusic.libero.it/compilation.php?icom_id=105902&ptipo=pus&pid=171437 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre, release date, publisher, number of tracks, length, tracks, web-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://imusic.libero.it/compilation.php?icom_id=105902&ptipo=pus&pid=171437 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, length, sample (link), release date, price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://musicdownload.aon.at/v7/ AON Music ]
** [http://www.omds.de/servlets/2452685121527Dispatch/31/Call?htmltemplate=./album/viewalbum.htm&lmtype=ALBUM&albumid=2310333 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), album, price, format, bitrate, label, genre, number of tracks, sample (link), add bookmark (link), web-based purchase (link), tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.omds.de/servlets/2452685121527Dispatch/31/Call?htmltemplate=./album/viewalbum.htm&lmtype=ALBUM&albumid=2310333 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length, format, price, sample (link), add bookmark (link), web-based purchase (link)

* [http://music.msn.com MSN]
** [http://music.msn.com/album/?album=50538895 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, release date, label, album rating.
*** Record contains cover image
** Song Example (store wasn't working correctly - no song info found)

* [http://musik.tdconline.dk/servlets/2452306090224Dispatch/19/Call?htmltemplate=./index.htm TDC Online]
** [http://musik.tdconline.dk/servlets/2452306090224Dispatch/19/call?htmltemplate=./album/viewalbum.htm&trackid=5010526 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), length, release date, label, format, web-based purchase (link), price, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://musik.tdconline.dk/servlets/2452306090224Dispatch/19/call?htmltemplate=./album/viewalbum.htm&trackid=5010526 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title (link), price, sample (link), web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.audiolunchbox.com Audio Lunchbox]
** [http://www.audiolunchbox.com/album?a=75751 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), label (link), genre (link), release date (link), format, bitrate, price, price in credits, web-based purchase (link), add to wishlist (link), sample (flash applet), tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.audiolunchbox.com/album?a=75751 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length, price, price in credits, web-based purchase (link), sample (flash applet)

* [http://www.chaosmusic.com/music/ Chaos Music]
** [http://chaos.com/product.asp?intProductID=739720&intArtistID=167488 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre, format, release date, price, physical-based purchase (link), add to wishlist (link), tracks, description, availability
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://chaos.com/product.asp?intProductID=739720&intArtistID=167488 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title

* [http://www.connect-europe.com Sony Connect]
** [http://store.connect-europe.com/albumDetailPage.do?albumId=3260785 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre (link), release date, label, length, publisher, price, web-based purchase (link), tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://store.connect-europe.com/albumDetailPage.do?albumId=3260785 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, length, price, sample (link), web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.digirama.co.nz/ Digirama]
** [http://www.digirama.co.nz/AlbumDetails.aspx?MediaID=578456 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre (link), label, release date, price, web-based purchase (link), license, related albums, also bought, reviews, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.digirama.co.nz/AlbumDetails.aspx?MediaID=578456 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length, sample (link), price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.emusic.com eMusic]
** [http://www-v3.emusic.com/album/10917/10917324.html Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), sample (link), save to playlist (link), genre (link), styles (link), label (link), album rating, reviews, length, tracks, web-based purchase (link)
** [http://www-v3.emusic.com/album/10917/10917324.html Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, sample (link), tracks, length, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.fnacmusic.com/ FNAC]
** [http://www.fnacmusic.com/album/7088f214-6187-4845-afdc-6391e103f67d.aspx Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), length, add to playlist (link), web-based purchase (link), tracks, price, genre
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.fnacmusic.com/album/7088f214-6187-4845-afdc-6391e103f67d.aspx Song Example]
*** Information displayed: sample (link), add to playlist (link), track number, title, length, web-based purchase (link), price

* [http://sanity.com.au Sanity]
** [http://www.sanity.com.au/product/rockpop.asp?sku=-942394 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), release date, catalog ID, SKU, label, price, price in points, summary, tracks, physical-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.sanity.com.au/product/rockpop.asp?sku=-942394 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title

* [http://www.misrolas.com/ MisRolas]
** [http://www.misrolas.com/downloadmusic/album.php?id=1316 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), cover image, release date, number of tracks, album rating, price, web-based purchase (link), tracks, reviews
** [http://www.misrolas.com/downloadmusic/album.php?id=1316 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, sample (link), artist, price, web-based purchase (link), add to wishlist (link)

* [http://www.mtv.com MTV]
** [http://www.mtv.com/#/music/artist/my_chemical_romance/albums.jhtml?albumId=1367908 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title (link), artist (link), release date, label, tracks, physical-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.mtv.com/#/music/artist/my_chemical_romance/albums.jhtml?albumId=1367908 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, sample (link), video sample (link)

* [http://www.musica360.com/ Musica360]
** [http://musica360.com/store/product_info.php?products_id=232 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, price, samples (flash), tracks, web-based purchase (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://musica360.com/store/product_info.php?products_id=232 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.musicload.de/ Musicload]
** [http://www.musicload.de/item.ml?releaseid=1884260_2 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), price, rating, genre, length, quality, release date, label, sample (link), web-based purchase (link), tracks, comments
** [http://www.musicload.de/item.ml?releaseid=1884261_4 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), album (link), price, rating, genre, length, quality, release date, label, sample (link), web-based purchase (link), comments

* [http://www.napster.com Napster]
** [http://www.napster.com/view/album/index.html?id=12376484 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), release date, track count, label, sample (link), share (link), web-based purchase (link), review, tracks
** [http://www.napster.com/view/album/index.html?id=12376484 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, track number, album title, length, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.partymob.com/edl/browse/?tab=music PartyMob]
** [http://www.partymob.com/edl/details/default.aspx?album=2089814 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), total length, release date, format, quality, genre, sample (link), price, web-based purchase (link), tracks
** [http://www.partymob.com/edl/details/default.aspx?track=234418 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, length, release date, format, quality, genre, sample (link), price, web-based purchase (link), DRM information

* [http://www.peerimpact.com Peer Impact]
** [http://www2.peerimpact.com/contentstorage-xml/album30.do?templateName=WEB-INF/conversion-templates/album30.vm&albumId=89449 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), price, purchase (application link), format, track count, genre, release date, label, tracks
** [http://www2.peerimpact.com/contentstorage-xml/album30.do?templateName=WEB-INF/conversion-templates/album30.vm&albumId=89449# Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, sample (link), title, artist (link), length, price

* [http://www.puretracks.com Pure Tracks]
** [http://us.puretracks.com/catalog/details.aspx?pid=emi_094638723653 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, title, label, total length, disc count, release date, price, web-based purchase (link), DRM information, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://us.puretracks.com/catalog/details.aspx?pid=emi_094638723653 Song Example] (in popup window)
*** Information displayed: track number, sample (link), title, artist, length, price, web-based purchase (link), label (popup)

* [http://www.reggaecountry.com Reggae Country]
** [http://www.reggaecountry.com/Shopping/Browse.aspx?mode=item&category=209&item=35745 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, release date, label, web-based purchse (link), price, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.reggaecountry.com/Shopping/Browse.aspx?mode=item&category=209&item=35745 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: sample (link), track number, title, artist, length, web-based purchase (link), price

* [http://www.rhapsody.com Real/Rhapsody]
** [http://www.rhapsody.com/harryconnickjr/chansonduvieuxcarrconnickonpiano3 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, title, sample (link), label, release date, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.rhapsody.com/harryconnickjr/chansonduvieuxcarrconnickonpiano3 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: sample (link), track number, title

* [http://www.ruckusnetwork.com Ruckus]
** [http://wapps.ruckus.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ruckus.woa/2/wo/bQ5EBCLVYbWMuHOuCRElwM/0.0.27.15.13.1.16.3.3 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, release date, genre, label, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://wapps.ruckus.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ruckus.woa/2/wo/bQ5EBCLVYbWMuHOuCRElwM/0.0.27.15.13.1.16.3.3 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length

* [http://www.sanity.com.au Sanity]
** [http://www.sanity.com.au/product/rockpop.asp?sku=-943269 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), release date, catalog id, label, price, web-based purchase (link), tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.sanity.com.au/product/rockpop.asp?sku=-943269 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: sample, track number, title

* [http://www.starzik.com/starzik.php Starzik SARL]
** Album Example (hidden url)
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre, label, release date, length, format, bitrate, size, web-based purchase (link), tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** Song Example (hidden url, separate from album example)
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), album title, genre, label, release date, length, creators, composer, performance artist, format, bitrate, size, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.thecellcity.com CellCity]
** [http://www.thecellcity.com/4DACTION/CDMProductQuery?CDMCommand=fuzzyquery&CDMdepartment=music&cdmalbum=What's%20The%20Word%20Vol.%201&CDMReturnURL=/music/albumdetails.shtml] Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, label, release date, genre, tracks
** [http://www.thecellcity.com/4DACTION/CDMProductQuery?CDMCommand=GetProductDetail&CDMProductID=A00001148172&CDMReturnURL=/music/product_detail.shtml Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.top100.cn top100.cn]
** [http://www.top100.cn/product/specialall/S0027876000.htm Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), release date, sample (link), web-based purchase (link), label (link), genre (link), long description, tracks
** [http://www.top100.cn/product/SongFiles/0027876/M0027876001.htm Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), label (link), genre (link), price, sample (link), web-based purchase (link), description, comments

* [http://www.wippit.com/default.aspx Wippit]
** [http://www.wippit.com/AlbumDet.aspx?StrId=28724&StrCatType=S Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), price, genre (link), format, release date, tracks, web-based purchase (link)
** [http://www.wippit.com/DetailItem.aspx?StrItemID=28724&StrMediaID=724904&StrMediaType=S Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), album (link), genre, format, release date, size, track number, file type, price, web-based purchase link

* [http://www.yanga.ru Yanga]
** [http://yanga.ru/music/album/-/Duke%20Ellington/Jack%20The%20Bear/?id=28510 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), genre (link), release date, label, price, web-based purchase (link), rating, tracks
** [http://yanga.ru/music/album/-/Duke%20Ellington/Jack%20The%20Bear/?id=28510 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: sample, track number, title, length, rating, price, web-based purchase (link)

* [http://www.somesongs.com/ somesongs]
** [Album Example]
*** Information displayed:
** [http://www.somesongs.com/song_info.php?select=4713 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist (link), rating, sample (link), summary, reviews, release date

* [http://magnatune.com/ Magnatune]
** [http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/ammonite-recon/ Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, cover image, total time, length, release date, artist location (link), web-based purchase (link), physical-based purchase (link), license (link), tracks, summary
** [http://magnatune.com/artists/albums/ammonite-recon/ Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, title, length, sample (link)

* [http://www.songfight.org/ SONG FIGHT!]
** [http://www.songfight.org/artistpage.php?key=15-16_puzzle&sortkey=date Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), cover image, artist location, summary, title,
** [ Song Example]
*** Information displayed: release date, sample (link), title

* [http://www.yes.com/ Yes.com]
** [http://www.yes.com/ Album Example]
*** Information displayed: cover image, artist (link)
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://www.yes.com/ Song Example]
*** Information displayed: cover image, artist (link), rank, web-based purchase (link), played-by radio station

* [http://www.myspace.com MySpace]
** [http://myspace.com/theradioknives Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, title, sample (link), cover image, number of plays, tracks
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://myspace.com/theradioknives Song Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, title, number of plays, sample (link), lyrics (link)

* [http://musicbrainz.org MusicBrainz.org]
** [http://musicbrainz.org/release/1138abc1-77f4-4ba9-900d-5cf52baaf4bf.html Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, cover image, tracks, disc id
*** Record contains cover image
** [http://musicbrainz.org/show/track/?trackid=435002 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, length, id (link), length, album (link), album id (link), artist, artist id (link), relationship (link), track number

* [http://reactor-core.org/ogg-tagging.html Vorbis Comment Recommendations]
** [http://reactor-core.org/ogg-tagging.html Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, publisher, copyright, disc number, isrc, ean/upn, label, label catalog number, license, opus, source media, title, version, encoded-by, encoding, composer, arranger, lyricist, author, conductor, performer, ensemble, part, part number, genre, release date, location, comment
** [http://reactor-core.org/ogg-tagging.html Song Example]
*** Information displayed: album, artist, publisher, copyright, disc number, isrc, ean/upn, label, label number, license, opus, source media, title, track number, version, encoded-by, encoding, composer, arranger, lyricist, author, conductor, performer, ensemble, part, part number, genre, release date, location, comment

* [http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html iTunes RSS extensions]
** [http://www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcaststechspecs.html#_Toc526931673 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: title, website (link), language, licensing, summary, description, owner, owner e-mail, cover image, genre
** [http://www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcaststechspecs.html#_Toc526931673 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: title, artist, summary, description, sample (link), length, format, id, release date, tags

* [http://www.discogs.com/ Discogs]
** [http://www.discogs.com/release/705805 Album Example]
*** Information displayed: artist, title, label (link), catalog id, format, country, release date, genre, style, notes, rating, tracks
** [http://www.discogs.com/release/705805 Song Example]
*** Information displayed: artist (link), title, track number

* [http://www.last.fm/ Last.fm]
** [http://www.last.fm/music/Muse/+albums Album Example]
*** Information displayed: cover image, artist, title, release date, label (link), number of tracks, sample (link), physical-based purchase (link), tracks
** [http://www.last.fm/music/Muse/Absolution Song Example]
*** Information displayed: track number, sample (link), title, length, number of plays

===== In-active Music Services =====

* [http://music.yahoo.com/ Yahoo! Music Unlimited]
* [http://www.musicmatch.com Musicmatch] (Merged with Yahoo! Jukebox)
* [http://www.musicnet.com MusicNet] (Service Provider)
* [http://www.musicnow.com AOL Music Now] (Merged with Napster)
* [http://www.nate.com Nate.com] (Appears to be Korean, cannot find album examples)
* [http://www.nextradiosolutions.com Next Radio] (Service Provider)
* [http://www.soundbuzz.com Soundbuzz] (Requires MS IE6)
* [http://www.starbucks.com Starbucks] (Requires Flash 8 player)
* [http://www.streetcds.com/ Street CDs] (parked domain name)
* [http://www.synacor.com/content/index.php Synacor] (Service provider)
* [http://www.telecomitalia.com/ Telecom Italia] (Service provider)
* [http://www.terra.es/pixbox/ Pixbox (Terra) ] (Windows application)
* [http://www.virgin.com/downloads Virgin Digital] (merged with Napster)
* [http://www.virginmega.fr/ Virgin] (Requires Windows)
* [http://www.yeahronimo.nl Yeahronimo (Commodoreworld)]

===== Analysis of Music Sites =====

Shown below is the most popular information listed for music albums. This includes analysis of over 85 online music sites.

'''Album Statistics'''
* 100%: artist
* 92%: title
* 85%: tracks
* 77%: release date
* 67%: label
* 62%: genre
* 62%: web-based purchase
* 59%: cover image
* 49%: price
* 26%: format
* 23%: sample
* 21%: length
* 18%: summary
* 15%: physical-based purchase
* 10%: publisher
* 10%: reviews

Shown below is the most popular information listed for songs. Keep in mind that along with the information listed below - for over 80% of the cases, album information was listed on the same page.

'''Song/Track Statistics'''
* 95%: title
* 69%: track number
* 67%: sample
* 62%: web-based purchase
* 59%: artist
* 54%: price
* 54%: length
* 26%: release date
* 15%: album
* 15%: genre
* 13%: format
* 10%: rating
* 10%: label

=== Video ===
Publication of video on blogs often goes by "videoblogging", "vlogging", "VODcasting", or "video podcasting". The typical process involves publishing a direct link to the video file within the blog entry. The blog entry can, but does not have to, include an embedded video player. *Many videos include a thumbnail jpg which is clickable to the media object and player.* Some video includes links to those other source videos, photos and audio that have been quoted. Most videos have the same base elements as photos and audio, with the exception of quotes.

==== Individual publishing of video ====

* [http://FreeVlog.org FreeVlog]
** [http://www.freevlog.org/index.php/2007/01/24/new-vlog-moments-in-turkey/ Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, post date, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments (link)

* [http://joshkinberg.com/popupmaker/ Video Pop-Up Link Maker]
** [http://joshkinberg.com/popupmaker/ Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, download (link), preview image

* [http://ryanedit.blogspot.com/ Ryanne's Video Blog]
** [http://ryanedit.blogspot.com/2006/01/light-water-music-2.html Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, post date, preview image, download (link), tags, comments (link)

* [http://www.prototypen.com/blog/vjblog/ Artificial Eye]
** [http://www.prototypen.com/blog/vjblog/archives/001240.html Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, download (link), post date, summary, website (link), comments

* [http://www.itsjerrytime.com/ It's JerryTime!]
** [http://www.itsjerrytime.com/?p=89 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, video (link), comments, tags

* [http://www.bottomunion.com/blog/ Bottom Union]
** [http://bottomunion.com/blog/?p=403 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, video (link), video (embedded), post date, summary, website (link), comments, tags, feed subscription (link)

* [http://rocketboom.com/vlog/ Rocketboom]
** [http://www.rocketboom.com/stories/rb_07_mar_26 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, download (link), post date, video (embedded), comments (link), tags (link), feed subscription (link)

* [http://www.chesslodge.com/ Chess Lodge]
** [http://www.chesslodge.com/2007/03/chess-video-lesson-2/ Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, download (link), post date, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments (link), tags, feed subscription (link)

* [http://pechesscast.blogspot.com/ PE Chesscast]
** [http://pechesscast.blogspot.com/2007_03_01_archive.html#4209870902184134583 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, download (link), post date, summary, comments (link), tags (link), feed subscription (link), e-mail to friend (link)

* [http://stevegarfield.blogs.com/videoblog/2007/04/sxsw_all_togeth.html Steve Garfield]
** [http://blip.tv/file/get/Stevegarfield-SXSWAllTogetherNow326.flv media]
** [http://blip.tv/file/get/Stevegarfield-SXSWAllTogetherNow326.flv.jpg image]
*** Information displayed: title, preview image, download (link), post date, summary, commennts (link), tags, description, feed subscription, licensing.
*** Quoting / credits: music included.

==== Service publishing of video (there are 350+ so this is a short list) ====

* [http://blip.tv/ blip.tv]
** [http://thedailyreel.blip.tv/file/181901?filename=Thedailyreel-TheDailyReelMarch28629.flv Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, download (link), post date, summary, review rating, content rating (link), category, video (embedded), number of comments, comments (link), tags, e-mail forward (link), feed subscription (link)

* [http://youtube.com/ YouTube]
** [http://youtube.com/watch?v=KKTDRqQtPO8 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, post date, review rating, category, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments, tags, feed subscription (link), e-mail to friend (link), save to favorites, add to groups, number of views, number of comments, number of honors, number of links, number of responses, permalink, related

* [http://mefeedia.com/ Mefeedia]
** [http://mefeedia.com/entry/2303506/ Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator (link), title, preview image, download (link), post date, review rating, category, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments, tags, feed subscription (link)

* [http://vimeo.com/ Vimeo]
** [http://vimeo.com/clip:162754 Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, post date, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments

* [http://DailyMotion.com/ DailyMotion]
** [http://www.dailymotion.com/us/featured/video/x1l9qx_sad-kermit-hurt Video Example]
*** Information displayed: creator, title, preview image, post date, review rating, content rating, category, summary, video (embedded), website (link), comments, tags, add to favorites (link), add to blog (link), e-mail to friend (link), length, filming location, permalink

* [http://www.nbc.com NBC]

* [http://abc.go.com ABC]

* [http://www.radio-locator.com Radio Locator]

* [http://video.google.com Google Video]

* [http://www.videosift.com Video Sift]

* [http://www.footbag.org/gallery/video Footbag]

* [http://www.break.com Break]

* [http://www.collegehumor.com College Humor]

* [http://www.ebaumsworld.com Ebaum's World]

* [http://www.holylemon.com/ Holylemon]

* [http://www.collegehumor.com/ College Humor]

* [http://www.crooksandliars.com/ Crooks and Liars]

* [http://video.yahoo.com Yahoo Video]

* [http://www.myspace.com MySpace Videos]

* [http://video.msn.com/ MSN Video]

* [http://video.aol.com/ AOL Video]

* [http://www.heavy.com/ Heavy]

* [http://video.google.com/ Google Video]

* [http://www.ebaumsworld.com/ Ebaum's World]

* [http://www.ifilm.com/ iFilm]

* [http://www.metacafe.com/ Metacafe]

* [http://www.atomfilms.com/ Atom Films]

* [http://www.veoh.com/ Veoh]

* [http://grouper.com/ Grouper]

* [http://one.revver.com/revver Revver]

=== Photos ===
* A few photos online have region annotation and quoting. But as tools are developed that are usable for mass publishers, this will likely increase.
* Many videos have thumbnails that are jpgs, and are effectivly quotes of the video.
* Many videos use pictures and therefore the pictures themselves are quotes from the video.
* Most photos have the same elements as videos and audio, including quotes that are derived from the original photo.

==== Individual Publishing of Photos ====
* [http://blog.bouckenooghe.com/2005/09/01/em6-a-est-fache-avec-le-centimetre/ Blog A Brac » E=m6 a est fâché avec le centimètre - photo with annotated screen-caps]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, media URL, description or summary, creator, quotes and descriptions, tags/categories, and publish date and time. +200 across all individually blogged photos.
* [http://scribbling.net/projects/fotonotesrolloverviewer/fotonotesplugin.php?p=helicopterovernyc.jpg Scribbling.net implementation of Fotonotes Plugin demonstrating the fotonotes annotation tool for photos]
** This example has media url, quotes or "notes" and descriptions, creator. +200 across all individually blogged photos.

* http://community.livejournal.com/boston_photos/
* http://blog.fatfreevegan.com/
* http://bakingsheet.blogspot.com/

* For more work along the lines of 2d annotations, please see (and add to) [[photo-note-examples]].

==== Service publishing of photos ====

* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/500hats/50282408/ Flickr - Photo Sharing instance of a photo.]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, media URL, description or summary, quotes URLs and descriptions, licence, tags, upload time, playlist (set), license, creator, and other capture data. +millions across all hosters. Many photos are also part of a "set" or "viewlist." So the photo can be considered a quote of the set, or a piece of it. +millions of records.

* [http://www.webshots.com/search?query=san+francisco&new=1&source=search_results_top Webshots - Search results, gallery view.]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, creator, licence, Premium/Standard access.

* [http://www.webshots.com/g/32/579-sh/25695.html Webshots - Single photo view.]
** This example has a Title, Html URL, creator, licence, link to creator's other photos. Three alternate download sizes, link to buy a print. Link to add as favorite. Link to next, previous photos in collection. Photo belongs to generic category (no tags). Links to related photo searches.

* [http://zooomr.com/ Zooomr - Photo sharing site]
** Need instances of individual photos, and analysis of what visible info each instance provides or can potentially provide.

* http://www.deviantart.com
* http://moblog.co.uk
* http://www.tabblo.com/studio
* http://www.corbis.com
* http://www.istockphoto.com
* http://www.sxc.hu
* http://tinypic.com/images.php
* http://elfwood.lysator.liu.se/elfwood.pike
* http://www.epilogue.net/cgi/database/art/editors.pl/
* http://illuminatorsguild.com/artists/dlisting.php
* http://ackegard.com/gallery/main.php
* http://www.caligari.com/Gallery/ImagesGallery/default.asp?Cate=GImages
* http://www.amateurillustrator.com/
* http://www.cgchannel.com/gallery/
* http://www.alrioart.com/

== Notes on Existing Practices ==

Mary Hodder:
* We are finding at Dabble as we look at millions of user generated media records, that almost all have html and/or media urls, titles, uploader or creator, and at least a default licensing of Copyright. Most have tags whose functionality is made available through the hosting service (the richer the media, the more likely tagging goes toward 100% of the items), thumbnail URL(s), publishing date, and about 25% have quoting information of some sort (quotes of video or audio, and region quotes of photos).
* Tags apparently appear at the upload point on 61% of photos in Flickr, and within a short period, 80+% have tags. 12% of users in Flickr apparently tag photos other than their own.

Manu Sporny (on music):
* There is an increasing number of sites that link to different methods of acquiring content displayed on a web page. These may include links to high-quality, or full versins of the media being described on the page. The various options include: free, streaming with ads, one-time purchase, and rental.
* Summaries, long descriptions and reviews are also prevalent in some of the content.

Manu Sporny (on video):
* We should attempt to support the basic information on sites that have been operational for years such as IMDB and Rotten Tomatoes among others. These sites tend to have very detailed information on all things related to video and TV - other sites will follow their lead because their meta-data seems to be the most complete on the web - thus making every other site contain a sub-set of their meta-data.

== Next Steps ==
# Add more real-world, simple, minimal examples.
# Research and organize existing/previous [[media-info-formats]], with a focus on formats for publishing '''common''', '''user-visible''' media information.
# Start [[media-info-brainstorming]] based on examples.

== See Also ==
* [[media-metadata-examples]] - previous attempt to catalog and organize top down metadata systems generated by engineers and committees, as examples of elements, and includes formats which should be in a separate page. Useful as a source of research but this microformat needs to embrace the bottomup ways users are publishing photos, video and audio online.

video-metadata-model

2007-03-05T18:50:05Z

MaryHodder: added media info examples

= Video metadata model =

__TOC__

== Author(s) ==
* Lisa Rein - Bloqx, lisa@lisarein.com
* Thomas Winningham

== Getting Started On A Harmonized Video Metadata Model ==

=== The Problem Space ===

Currently, video objects are very hard to search for on the web. There a lack of a simple taxonomy for users to implement, and most of the technology used to derive meaning is basically dependent on what text is available from a corresponding web page.

With the emergence of video tools that both allow for some information to be embedded within the files themselves and/or prompt a user to enter such metadata before the file is generated, it is more important than ever to attempt to construct a core set of elements to facilitate metadata interoperability.

Perhaps a vocabulary based on the information that can be derived from the object itself, while also providing a framework for users to include additional data about a media object, if so desired, would be most useful.

This number one goal of this vocabulary would be to enable metadata compatibility between both existing and new types of services and applications. An element set that could be used by many different variations of metadata-based applications and services.

The idea is to create a practical, easy-to-use element set that can both be implemented quickly by software developers and archivists, while also being intuitive to artists, photographers, film makers etc. A metadata system that makes sense to artists will encourage them to become more involved and add more information about their works.

One starting point could be to begin with a dc-compatible subset that is already in use by numerous applications (and that, by definition, ensures compatibility with all W3C Metadata Formats), and build from there a larger framework capable of encompassing all media objects.

Every attempt should be made to be compatible with the following vocabularies, and, most likely, several others: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language), Media RSS, and the Internet Archive's metadata format.

=== Existing Video Metadata Archive Vocabularies ===

==== DCMI ====
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set 
http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/

The Dublin Core metadata element set is a standard for cross-domain information resource description. Here an information resource is defined to be "anything that has identity". This is the definition used in Internet RFC 2396, "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", by Tim Berners-Lee et al. There are no fundamental restrictions to the types of resources to which Dublin Core metadata can be assigned.

==== Media RSS ====
http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS is a vocabulary for use with RSS 2.0s "enclosure" element to enable more detailed metadata to be included with media object syndication. (Note: You will need an enclosure-aware RSS reader to take advantage of the content within RSS 2.0 Enclosures. >br>
FireANT http://www.antisnottv.net/?q=download is one such RSS reader.

==== SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) ====
http://www.w3.org/TR/SMIL/ 
http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20050107/metadata.html#q6 

SMIL is a W3C Recommendation for an XML-based language for expressing the properties of largely web-based multimedia presentations. SMIL includes temporal behavior, methods for associating hyperlinks with a media object, and describing layout presentation on a screen. 
(Scalable Vector Graphics SVG - note that it can be used to draw video boxes 
http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/metadata.html#MetadataElement) 

==== OurMedia ====
http://www.ourmedia.org/tools 
OurMedia provides hosting for user generated media. OurMedia's metadata format conforms to the Internet Archive's metadata format.

==== Shared Online Media Archive (SOMA) ====
http://soma-dev.sourceforge.net/ 
[http://soma-dev.sourceforge.net/ SOMA] is a draft metadata standard for the exchange of metadata for multimedia files between members. It is based on [http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core 1.1] as well as [http://mokk.bme.hu/mediatervezo/targyak/metainfo/tech_t3293.pdf EBU Tech 3273].

==== The Showcase ====
http://showcase.commedia.org.uk/ 
[http://showcase.commedia.org.uk/ The Showcase] is an online media archive of streaming audio, video and web by individuals and organisations from around the UK and worldwide that was launched in 2003 and implements the [http://soma-dev.sourceforge.net/ SOMA] metadata standard.

==== Internet Archive ====
- Movie Database Metadata Format 
http://www.archive.org/details/movies 
The Internet Archive is an attempt at archiving everything on the web, and really, all text and documentation, whether or not it was ever meant to be on the web. The Moving Images archive provides users with the ability to upload their own films and associate some very simple metadata with the files to provide for better search.

==== MIDI Time Code (MTC), based on SMPTE Time Code ====
http://www.borg.com/~jglatt/tech/mtc.htm 
[http://www.borg.com/~jglatt/tech/mtc.htm MIDI Time Code (MTC)] is a low-level binary format spoken by many software packages and MIDI devices. From movie score composition and live theatrical events to home recording, this is in widespread use, and SMPTE is referenced by MPEG7. In order to do broadcast engineering, precise control over time, punch in/out, and cue points, are all a part of this specification.

==== Creative Commons ====
http://www.creativecommons.org 
Creative Commons provides a set of alternative copyright licenses and a metadata format for expressing the terms of those licenses.

==== TV-Anytime ====
http://www.tv-anytime.org 
TV-Anytime is a standard designed to support audio/video recording and video on demand. It is based on [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7]. It provides an extensive XML-based data model for the description of audio-visual content and the relationship between items of content. The [http://webapp.etsi.org/exchangefolder/ts_1028220301v010301p0.zip metadata specification] includes a genre classification scheme.

=== Compatibility Table ===

It is important that any newly-emerging video metadata format be compatible with the metadata formats already in extensive use within existing media archives.

Some of these, such as the Internet Archive's format, were designed to be compatible with the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, so compatibility is easy. Others use different names, but the models are similar, and so it is simple to do a one-to-one mapping between the varying elements.

<table border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
<tr><th>Bloqx Element</th><th>Description</th><th>Dublin Core</th><th>Media RSS</th><th>SMIL</th><th>Internet Archive</th></tr>
<tr><th>identifier</th><td>The URL of the movie (video object).</td><th>identifier</th><th>the "url" attribute of the "content" element</th><th>resource</th><th>link</th></tr>
<tr><th>title</th><td>The name of the movie.</td><th>title</th><th>title</th><th>title</th><th>title</th></tr>
<tr><th>creator</th><td>The creator of the movie.</td><th>creator</th><th>tbd</th><th>creator</th><th>creator</th></tr>
<tr><th>date</th><td>Date that the movie was created -- could also be date the movie was uploaded and made available via a URL. DCMI Best Practice to use the ISO 8601 profile for date format: YYYY-MM-DD.</td><th>date</th><th>tbd</th><th>date</th><th>date (contains year eg: "2004"), also "publicdate" in the correct format. Our "date" seems that it is more compatible with "publicdate."</th></tr>
<tr><th>format</th><td>The format of the video file: Quicktime, Windows Media, MPEG, etc. (Mime type)</td><th>format</th><th>"type" attribute of the "content" element</th><th>format</th><th>format</th></tr>
<tr><th>rights</th><td>A URL for a text-based explanation of the movie's licensing terms.</td><th>rights</th><th>tbd</th><th>rights (contains text description rather than a url)</th><th>licenseurl</th></tr>

<tr><th>subject</th><td>A set of keywords describing the topic of the movie.</td><th>subject</th><th>tbd</th><th>subject</th><th>subject</th></tr>

<tr><th>description</th><td>Provides a text-based description of the movie.</td><th>description</th><th>description</th><th>description</th><th>description</th></tr>

</table>

=== Other Compatibility Considerations ===

It would be a good idea to consider designing our model to be compatible with most audio and still picture metadata formats, since it is likely that these types of objects would be generated and associated with the video objects we are describing. Also, one might want to compare the soundtrack information of a .mov file with that of an .mp3, etc.. For these reasons, it will be important to maintain one to one element relationships between the semantics of the different vocabularies whenever possible. Some of these formats include the Flickr, itunes, the Internet Archive's audio archive format.

The following is a list of the various elements that could be contained in a video metadata file.

At minimum, a metadata entry would contain the URL of the movie file (identifier), the date the URL was submitted (date), and the name of the person who submitted the metadata (uploader or creator).

The date and name can be added automatically, because, theoretically, a user would have to be logged in to enter metadata.

The below list represents one possible "core" subset of elements for more simple implementations. A more detailed description of elements is also provided after the list itself.

=== Suggested Core Elements ===

1. identifier (dc)

The URL of the movie file.

2. title (dc)

The title of the movie.

3. creator (dc)

The creator of the movie.

4. date (dc)

Date that the movie was uploaded (made available via a URL).

This value is automatically added when the metadata is initially entered into the service.

DCMI Recommended Best Practice is to use the ISO 8601 profile for date format: YYYY-MM-DD.

5. subject (dc)

A list of keywords describing the content of the movie. (This is where subject words of a formal classification scheme would be used.)

6. format (dc)

Format of the video file: Quicktime, Windows Media, etc. DCMI Recommended Best Practice is to use MIME type information.

7. rights (dc)

A URL to a text-based description of the movie's licensing terms.

8. description - used as a container for "abstract"

9. comment

10. latitude

11. longitude

12. contributor (dc)

A person or organization who has contributed to the content of the resource.

13. rightsholder (dc)

A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Recommended best practice is to use the URI or name of the Rights Holder to indicate the entity.

14. filesize

15. filename

16. duration

17. hash

A SHA-1 Hash value for the file.

18. clip / time control

A portion of the playback, only.
From SMIL 2.1:
begin, dur, end, min, max, marker, clock-value, par, etc
seeAlso:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/REC-SMIL2-20051213/smil-timing.html

=== Other optional elements could include ===

- codec (Sorensen, etc.) - person - image (for that person) - director - producer - aspectradio - framerate - number of audio channels - sample rate

== See Also ==

* [[media-metadata-examples]], as the follow metadata appears entirely consistent with that usage as well.
* [[media-info-examples]] shows real world examples of video use, with metadata markup.

[[Category:NewTube]]

media-metadata-examples

2007-03-05T18:46:18Z

MaryHodder: /* Comments */

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Mary Hodder
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]
* Thomas Winningham

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #10 ===
An embedded object citing a specific plugin, or simply a link to the media itself, as an object parameter. The rest of the parameters include plugin OR media-specific metadata, and any URIs used are usually unique to the media content.

<nowiki>
<object
width='400' height='326' type='application/x-shockwave-flash'
data='http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docId=3807826142091223684&hl=en'>
<param name='allowScriptAccess' value='never' />
<param name='movie'
value='http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docId=3807826142091223684&hl=en'/>
<param name='quality' value='best'/>
<param name='bgcolor' value='#ffffff' />
<param name='scale' value='noScale' />
<param name='wmode' value='window'/>
</object>
</nowiki>

or:

<nowiki>
<embed
src="http://media.revver.com/qt;sharer=14854/137027.mov"
pluginspage="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/"
scale="tofit" kioskmode="false"
qtsrc="http://media.revver.com/qt;sharer=14854/137027.mov"
cache="false" controller="true" type="video/quicktime" autoplay="true" height="272" width="320">
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
**An OWL ontology of MPEG-7 is available at http://rhizomik.net/ontologies/2005/03/Mpeg7-2001.owl -tmw
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

Anothing thing for any Microformat to consider is that it may be the case that the data files that are muxed in the container format may also be offered in non-muxed forms. This is important when alternatives are offered.

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:switch></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Parallel Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:seq></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== FLAC ==
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
* http://flac.sourceforge.net/

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MKV/MKA ==
Matroska MKV/MKA are video and audio containers, respectively.
* http://www.matroska.org/

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* [http://www.MusicBrainz.org MusicBrainz.org]
* [http://wiki.musicbrainz.org MusicBrainz wiki]
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.
* See separate [[media-info-examples]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]

media-metadata-examples

2007-03-05T18:44:38Z

MaryHodder:

This is an exploratory page to be used for storage of various multimedia data and metadata profiles, formats, and practices currently in use around the web. As this is a very, very early exploration, we should include as many types of multimedia as possible in the opening discussion - but please be sure to place your information in the correct portion of this page.

= Purpose of this exploration (or : The Problem) =

The purpose of the studies on this page is to determine the feasibility and demand for a flexible, semantic markup format for multimedia related paradigms.

This includes such things as:
<ul>
<li>Providing metadata alongside linked multimedia files.Typically, multimedia metadata is stored within the header of the media file itself - which has massive implications for any application where metadata is to be indexed, searched, or made externally accessible. Of course, even if you could easily access the correct portions of a media file remotely, you'd still have to cope with a multitude of open and proprietary metadata formats, each with it's own distinct fieldset, nomenclature and storage method.
</li>
<li>What is called: Internet TV, IPTV, [http://newtube.org/ NewTube], vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.</li>
<li>What is called: Podcasting, IPradio, etc.</li>
</ul>

This study aims to make a start at solving this problem.

== Contributors ==

These folks have contributed real-world examples and research to this document, and are interested in helping with a solution.

* Christopher Allen
* Dougal Campbell
* Dr. Ernie
* Rohit Khare
* Ryan King
* Kevin Marks
* Lisa Rein
* Mary Hodder
* Dan Glegg
* Chris Messina
* [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux]
* Thomas Winningham

If you contribute new real-world examples or research, and wish to help with a solution, please add your name as well.

= Examples on the Web today =

Below is a list of strawman models based on real work examples. (Links to actual examples have been omitted since many of them have been found on adult sites, and it is believed that it would be inappropriate to list these here. -- [[User:Charles|Charles]])

=== Show Strawman #1 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the full show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #2 ===
Single clip with a preview image. The clip is the teaser of the
full show. And there is a link that you can go to pay to see the full
show.
<nowiki>
<a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #3 ===
A show divided up in multiple clips, each with a preview image.
Together the clips make up the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #4 ===
A set of teasers for a show. Together they don't make up the full
show. And the may or may not overlap in time. There's a "Pay to
View" link there too.
<nowiki>
<a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

<a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>

<a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #5 ===
A single clip that comes in different formats. (Could be a
teaser, a clip, or a full show.)
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />
<a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
<a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
<a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #6 ===
A single preview image with the show given in 2 different methods. The first is the show broken up into a series of pieces (which makes it easier to download.) And the second is the full show in one file
<nowiki>
<img src="preview.png" />

<a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
<a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
<a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

<a href="full.mpg">full</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #7 ===
A single clip with a preview image. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a link to older episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #8 ===
A series of clips with preview images. The title of the show is given with an image (and thus the actual machine-readable title is the ''alt attribute'' of the image) and is linked with the main URL for the show. There's also a links to older and news episodes of the show.
<nowiki>
<a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

<a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
<a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

<a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
<a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #9 ===
A series of preview images. The title of the show is given in text. A link to all the show's files via a torrent. Other metadata is also typically included too, in plain text; some is shown here. Also, sometimes metadata is put in the description.
<nowiki>
The Name of the Show

<img src="preview1.png" />
<img src="preview2.png" />

<a href="show.torrent">...</a>

Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
blah blah blah

Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

Resolution: 320px x 240px

Run Time: 24mins 57secs

Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

Type: Movie Clip

Published/Uploaded By: someone

<a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
<a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
</nowiki>

=== Show Strawman #10 ===
An embedded object citing a specific plugin, or simply a link to the media itself, as an object parameter. The rest of the parameters include plugin OR media-specific metadata, and any URIs used are usually unique to the media content.

<nowiki>
<object
width='400' height='326' type='application/x-shockwave-flash'
data='http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docId=3807826142091223684&hl=en'>
<param name='allowScriptAccess' value='never' />
<param name='movie'
value='http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docId=3807826142091223684&hl=en'/>
<param name='quality' value='best'/>
<param name='bgcolor' value='#ffffff' />
<param name='scale' value='noScale' />
<param name='wmode' value='window'/>
</object>
</nowiki>

or:

<nowiki>
<embed
src="http://media.revver.com/qt;sharer=14854/137027.mov"
pluginspage="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/"
scale="tofit" kioskmode="false"
qtsrc="http://media.revver.com/qt;sharer=14854/137027.mov"
cache="false" controller="true" type="video/quicktime" autoplay="true" height="272" width="320">
</nowiki>

= Current / Previous Standards =

== Still image ==

* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF]
* [http://www.tasi.ac.uk/2000/09/rdfmeta/ RDF for self-describing images]
* [http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/PNG/paper.html An Indexing and Querying System for Online Images Based on the PNG Format and Embedded Metadata]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/photo-rdf/ Describing and retrieving photos using RDF and HTTP]
* [http://www.pheed.com/pheed/ Pheed RSS extension for photo syndication]

== Audio Metadata Formats ==

* [http://www.id3.org/ ID3v2]

* iTunes
** Album : String
** Artist : String
** Beats Per Minute : Number
** Bit Rate : Number
** Comment : Blob
** Composer : String
** Genre : String or Foreign ID
** Disc Number : Number
** Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
** My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
** Sample Rate : Number
** Size : Number
** Time : Number
** Track Number : Number
** Year : Number
**Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
**Noteable absences : Tags, [[rel-license|License]], Copyright year. Also note common complaints about [http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1707402 ID3 and classical music].

* [http://www.xspf.org/ XSPF] (see also [http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html A survey of playlist formats] and [http://www.xspf.org/xspf-v0.html The XSPF Playlist Format, version 0])
** album
** creator
** duration
** info
** title
** trackNum

== Podcasts ==

* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf
(HTML version of spec: [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])

iTunes release 4.9 was widely heralded as an advance for mainstream acceptance of podcasting. However, while some advocates resist even the fragment of a trademarked name in the label for the phenomenon, the use of "itunes:" in the namespace is one of many design decisions in Apple's original specification that became focal points of debate. While Apple has a tradition of working on breakthrough features very quietly, they have been open to public input after its initial release. Many [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket other bloggers] have [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chronicled] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes some of the feedback], as well as some [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 face-to-face discussions].

A mailing list may be coming soon...

* '''Media RSS:''' http://search.yahoo.com/mrss

Media RSS has [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000111.html been in the works longer], but doesn't have the overnight-adoption advantage of iTunes. However, it has a much broader ambit, including [http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000060.html video]; and a much broader [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rss-media/ community of interest].

=== A Podcasting Microformat? ===

The best starting point for understanding these two proposals is [http://www.w3.org/2005/07/media-and-rss W3C's summary table, by Karl Dubost].

There are (at least) two paths to consider when 'porting' these proposals into Microformats:
# '''Standalone.''' What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of ''consuming'' applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
# '''Refactored.''' Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content ''publishing'' applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

==== Comparison Table ====

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:author></li><li><atom:contributor></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><itunes:author></li><li><itunes:owner></li><li><itunes:name></li><li><itunes:email></li></ul></td>
<td><media:credit></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><copyright> <author> <source></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li><cite></li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li><address></li></ul>need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
<td><atom:category></td>
<td><itunes:category> <itunes:keywords></td>
<td><media:category></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><category></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
<td><atom:summary> <atom:content></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <itunes:summary></td>
<td><media:text></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><description></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
<td><atom:copyright> <atom:rights></td>
<td><itunes:block> <copyright> <link></td>
<td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><ttl></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
<td></td>
<td><itunes:duration> <itunes:image></td>
<td><media:thumbnail> <media:hash> <pre><media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/></pre></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">needs a new microformat e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre><abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr></pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>For Video Media: <media:thumbnail> For Audio Media: nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat for this
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre><img class="preview" src="..." /></pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><itunes:explicit></td>
<td><s><media:adult></s> <media:rating></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><rating></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
<td><atom:title> <atom:subtitle></td>
<td><itunes:subtitle> <title></td>
<td><media:title> <title></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><title></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
<ul>
<li><h1>...</h1></li>
<li><h2>...<h2></li>
<li><h3>...</h3></li>
<li><h4>...</h4></li>
<li><h5>...</h5></li>
<li><h6>...</h6></li>
<li>title="..."</li>
<li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Show Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:feed></li><li><link rel="self" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A M3U file.</td>
<td><ul><li><channel></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Episode Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:entry></li><li><link rel="alternate" href="..." /></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td>A single URL line.</td>
<td><ul><li><item></li><li><link></li></ul></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Media Concept</td>
<td><ul><li><atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li>also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content></li></ul></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><img> <a href=""> <object> <embed> </td>
</tr>
</table>

== Video ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
**An OWL ontology of MPEG-7 is available at http://rhizomik.net/ontologies/2005/03/Mpeg7-2001.owl -tmw
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - a starting point]]

== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR?

== Offline Media ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)

=== Printed Publications (books/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Movies ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

=== Music ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]

== Container Formats ==
The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime

=== Container Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AVI</th>
<th>MPEG</th>
<th>Ogg</td>
<th>QuickTime</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;"><a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a></div>

Anothing thing for any Microformat to consider is that it may be the case that the data files that are muxed in the container format may also be offered in non-muxed forms. This is important when alternatives are offered.

== Audio Formats ==

Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA

=== Audio Format Comparison Table ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>AAC</th>
<th>MP3</th>
<th>PCM WAV</td>
<th>Speex</th>
<th>Vorbis</th>
<th>WMA</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
</tr>
</table>

=== Notes for Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
* Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.

== Playing Formats ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX

=== Playing Format Comparison Table ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
<tr>
<th>Aspect</th>
<th>ASX</th>
<th>Atom</th>
<th>Atom+SMIL</th>
<th>Atomic RSS</th>
<th>Atomic RSS+SMIL</th>
<th>Extended M3U</th>
<th>HTML+Time</th>
<th>iTunes RSS</th>
<th>Media RSS</th>
<th>M3U</td>
<th>RSS 2.0</th>
<th>Microformat?</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Alternatives Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:switch></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td><media:group></td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td>nothing</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Parallel Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Sequence Playing</td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><smil:seq></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
<td>if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence.</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">need a new microformat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
<td></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;"><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></li><li><smil:prefetch></li></ul></td>
<td><link rel="enclosure" href="..." /></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td><media:content></td>
<td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
<td><enclosure></td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Raster Graphic Formats ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG

== Vector Graphic Formats ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG

= Formats & Protocols =

== AAC ==
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding

== ASF ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format

== Atom ==
Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

References:
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]

== Atom+SMIL ==
Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

== Atomic RSS ==
Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS

== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)

== AVI ==
AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI

== B4S ==
B4S is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S

== BitTorrent ==
BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ

== Creative Commons RDF ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative

== DAAP ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP

== Extended M3U ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U

== FLAC ==
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
* http://flac.sourceforge.net/

== GIF ==
GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

== HTML+Time ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML

== HTTP ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/

== iTunes Library ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes

== iTunes RSS ==

References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html

== JPEG ==
JPEG is a raster graphics format.

== Kapsule ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule

== KPL ==
KPL is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL

== M3U ==
M3U is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U

== MAGMA ==

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA

== Media RSS ==
Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

== MKV/MKA ==
Matroska MKV/MKA are video and audio containers, respectively.
* http://www.matroska.org/

== MNG ==
MNG is a Video format.

== MP3 ==
MP3 is an Audio format.

== MPEG ==
ASF is an Audio/Video format.

== MusicBrainz ==

References:
* [http://www.MusicBrainz.org MusicBrainz.org]
* [http://wiki.musicbrainz.org MusicBrainz wiki]
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz

== Ogg ==
Ogg is a media container format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type

== PLS ==
PLS is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)

== RAM ==
RAM is a playlist format.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM

== RSS 2.0 ==
RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS

== RTSP ==

References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol

== SMIL ==

References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

== Speex ==

References:
* http://www.speex.org/

== SVG ==
SVG is a vector graphics format.

== Theora ==
Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora

== Vorbis ==
Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis

== WAX ==
WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX

== WMA ==
WMA is an Audio format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio

== WMV ==
WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video

== WVX ==
WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX

= Comments =

* See separate [[media-metadata-issues]] document.
* See separate [[Media-Info-Examples]] document.

= See Also =

* [[video-metadata-models]]