Microformats Wiki - User contributions [en]

book-examples

2006-07-11T14:02:54Z

Ross Singer: /* Examples */

<h1> Book Examples </h1>

== Contributors ==

* [http://people.opera.com/howcome Håkon Wium Lie]
* [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek Çelik]
* Bert Bos

== Introduction ==

Examples of books that people actually publish on the Web. This is focused predominantly on the books themselves rather than references to books. For references to books, see the [[citation-examples]] page and related pages.

== Table of Contents ==

__TOC__

== Examples ==

* Books by MarkPilgrim: [http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html Dive Into Python], [http://diveintogreasemonkey.org/toc/ Dive Into Greasemonkey], and arguably [http://feedparser.org/docs/ Feed Parser Documentation]. All of these are produced with a similar toolchain (DocBook XML to HTML via XSLT).
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/3/132/132.txt Art of War from Project Gutenberg]
* [http://www.infomotions.com/alex2/authors/conrad-joseph/conrad-heart-708/conrad-heart-708.shtml Heart of Darkness from the Alex Catalogue] (TEI to HTML/PDF/Palm eReader/etc.)

== See Also ==

* [[book-formats]]
* [[book-brainstorming]]

book-formats

2006-07-11T13:55:37Z

Ross Singer: /* Formats */

= Book Formats =

== Contributors ==

* Håkon Wium Lie
* [http://tantek.com/log/ Tantek Çelik]
* Bert Bos

== Introduction ==

Examples of data foramts used for electronic books, with a preference to formats used for publishing books on the Web.

== Table of Contents ==

__TOC__

== Formats ==

* [http://docbook.org/ DocBook]
* [http://www.tei-c.org/ TEI]

== See Also ==

* [[book-examples]]
* [[book-brainstorming]]

citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09

2006-04-11T19:27:51Z

Ross Singer: /* Current problems */

== Summary ==

A citation microformat needs to cover four uses:

# full, bibliographic citations, eg "The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35." This is the main citation microformat and should contain all the information necessary to locate the item and create a text citation in all the common formats (MLA, APA, etc).
# minimal, inline citations in text, eg (Smith, 1987). These generally link to an item in the bibliography using a fragment identifier.
# full, inline citations in text, eg following a blockquote.
# description of the current item/page, including title, creator, date etc.

* I disagree with this last requirement (description of the current item/page). A citation is IMHO a reference to a work *somewhere-else*. It is a reference to a work from *another* work. This is quite a different case than a work describing itself. For info about a work in the work itself, see for example [[blog-description-examples]]. -Tantek
** [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2006-04-09#T192302 the SELF description was discussed] in the meet-up. The idea behind encoding all the attributes for the current page/item was to allow OTHERS to extract citation data from your page for their own use. Why should i re-key all the data about the article if i can simple convert the article to a citation itself! This should require no additional work or fields - their will be no properties unique to the SELF that are already not expressed in the base citation microformat. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** I understand the desire to help automate this, but that means that it would be nice to have a transform from the self-description of a work, to a citation of the work. That transform doesn't necessarily have to be the identity transform, hence the last requirement shouldn't be a requirement. -Tantek
**** Your point that a citation is a reference to an outside source is right Tantek, but that doesn't mean that the description of self should be ANY different than that of an extraneous document, save for the fact that we call it a "citation." I think this may well have been why Ed bruoght up the idea of an hDC, where we end up thinking of hCite as more-or-less a sort of wrapper for other microformats (hCard, hCal, etc.). -Bruce
***** But we are not talking about "should be ANY different". We are talking about "should be SAME". My point is that it should NOT be a *requirement* for *citations* per se. The recognition that people will want to cite works is a good one, and thus when working on any "description" type format for a work describing itself, *that* work should look to the citation microformat and be sure to specify a transform, i.e. how to create a citation from a description. The easiest thing *might* be to simply embed a citation, but that is up to the description format, not up to the citation format, and thus should NOT be a requirement for the citation format. My guess is that most description formats will be a superset of what a general purpose citation has in it.
****** Consider the example of an article that contains within the page something along the lines of "Please cite this article as: The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35.". That's both a citation and a description of the current page, and it should be marked up as such. --AlfEaton
******* Alf, that's a theoretical example, so we should not consider it as a requirement. If you can find 80/20 examples in the real world (published on the Web) that contain such a "suggested citation", please add those examples to [[citation-examples]].
******** Sigh, this is all sounding a bit patronizing Tantek. It's not a "theoretical example"; just Google for the phrase "please cite this article." But I'll add an example or two to the examples page. -- bruce
* In addition, naming a document "-recommendation" at this point is quite premature, especially when there is much work to be done in both doing the work and cleaning up of [[citation-examples]], [[citation-formats]], and [[citation-brainstorming]]. If this is meant to be a record of notes or a summary of a discussion, then it should be a notes page, e.g. see for example [[geo-bof-2005-06-30]]. Thanks, -Tantek
** I will write-up the notes for the irc-meeting shortly and post them to the appropriate place. In the mean-time the general consenus was that we have closed on the exploration phase of the citation microformat. We have solid goals and are moving to implementation. Admittably the citation pages need some serious clean-up, but there is no need to halt progress in the development/itteration phase for those who are helping to move forward the format. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** Considering any "exploration" "closed" regarding a microformat makes no sense at all when the work to complete the necessary pages per the [[process]] has yet to happen. I'm moving this page to a name more reflecting of its consideration within the process, just notes. -Tantek

== Current problems ==

* Bibliographies published in HTML generally just use plain text (a URL is often included), but are sometimes produced from fully marked-up data, which is lost.
* inline citations often link to bibliography items, but use named anchors rather than fragment identifiers.
* There are multiple ways of adding self-descriptive data to web pages, such as meta tags -- with or without Dublin Core -- or embedded RDF.
** meta tags are nearly useless since their content is invisible. -Tantek
** I think there is some agreement that there may be some elements in a citation that are useful and probably ''should'' be included in the spec that are best left non-visible. 'Machine readable' is not nearly useless. The problem with metatags isn't that they're useless, it's that they are hard to relate to specific content in a web page. --ross

== Straw Proposals ==
'''These straw thoughts/proposals should be on the [[citation-brainstorming]] page, not here, along with some citation (so to speak ;) of the proposer. -Tantek'''

=== Microformat for inline citations ===

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">1</a>
</cite>
</pre>

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">Smith, 2002</a>
</cite>
</pre>

=== Microformat for a generic bibliography citation ===
<pre>
<li class="citation" id="ref-1">

<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[DOI]">[item title]</a>



[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>




[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>


<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
</li>
</pre>

Note: for an full inline citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><cite></cite></pre> and there would not be a link to a local fragment.

Note: for a self citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><span|div class="citation self"></span|div></pre>

=== Additional elements for a journal article citation ===
<pre>
class="citation article"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[journal title]</a>

<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
[volume no.]
[issue no.]
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:issn/[issn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
<abbr class="uri" title="info:pmid/[PMID]"/>
</pre>

* I changed "number" to "issue". I also think that all of that content ought likely be moved out of the "container" wrapper into the root level. Finally, should not the container include another type class ("periodical" or "journal")? -- bruce
** I thought you wanted the model not to be flat, ie the container should have its own attributes? --alf
*** I am not referring to things like titles, but rather only to the locator information (volume, issue, pages), and this is primarily for practical reasons. Those in fact are not characteristics of the container (periodical), but rather of the relationship between the article and issue, and then the issue and the periodical. E.g. to model it "properly" would suggest three levels (root, container/issue, collection/periodical), each with their own respective locators. So I was just thinking for those reasons to in general say these locators ought to be associated with the root. What do you think? -- bruce. Why not do three levels? -- alf.
**** It might be useful to define which elements would appear at each level. If there are "universals" that would appear in any of kind of citation (although might have a different label/connotation based on context), what would they be? Title? Creator? What else? Then we can start figuring out the special elements for each "type" of citation. --ross
***** Titles is the obvious one that applies across the board: chapters, books, photographs, legal cases, court reporters, webpages, series, etc. all have titles. Likewise, they all have different kinds of contributors (including in many cases creators). But that's it I think. -- bruce
***** See the generic format above: title, creator and date are pretty universal. --alf

=== Additional elements for a book citation ===
<pre>
class="citation book"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[book title]</a>

[book subtitle]
[publisher]
[editor]
<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:isbn/[isbn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
</pre>

BDarcus: this looks good. I wonder, though, about two issues.

1. why not just title and abbreviatedTitle instead of title and subtitle?

2. date-published with books in particular is a can of worms. My book, for example, has a copyright date of 2006 (which is what one would include in the citation) but an actual publication date sometime in late-2005. The specificity of date-published is thus misleading. What we're really talking about is a copyright date. I wonder if the above might not be better with two classes: date and copyright? So then these classes of dates: date, copyright, issued (more generic than published). That slso fits dc and qualified dc.
*This seems complicated (of course, it's ''all'' complicated) because there's an assumption that the citation creator will actually know which of these the date actually is. It seems like a generic date field that can be qualified with "published" or "copyright" or "actual year the conference happened", etc. would be more user-friendly.
** Ross, yes, that's what I had in mind (but didn't explain very well). A generic "date" class ought to work for most cases, but leave room to add further qualfiers if necessary. -- bruce

citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09

2006-04-10T20:07:09Z

Ross Singer: /* Additional elements for a book citation */

== Summary ==

A citation microformat needs to cover four uses:

# full, bibliographic citations, eg "The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35." This is the main citation microformat and should contain all the information necessary to locate the item and create a text citation in all the common formats (MLA, APA, etc).
# minimal, inline citations in text, eg (Smith, 1987). These generally link to an item in the bibliography using a fragment identifier.
# full, inline citations in text, eg following a blockquote.
# description of the current item/page, including title, creator, date etc.

* I disagree with this last requirement (description of the current item/page). A citation is IMHO a reference to a work *somewhere-else*. It is a reference to a work from *another* work. This is quite a different case than a work describing itself. For info about a work in the work itself, see for example [[blog-description-examples]]. -Tantek
** [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2006-04-09#T192302 the SELF description was discussed] in the meet-up. The idea behind encoding all the attributes for the current page/item was to allow OTHERS to extract citation data from your page for their own use. Why should i re-key all the data about the article if i can simple convert the article to a citation itself! This should require no additional work or fields - their will be no properties unique to the SELF that are already not expressed in the base citation microformat. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** I understand the desire to help automate this, but that means that it would be nice to have a transform from the self-description of a work, to a citation of the work. That transform doesn't necessarily have to be the identity transform, hence the last requirement shouldn't be a requirement. -Tantek
**** Your point that a citation is a reference to an outside source is right Tantek, but that doesn't mean that the description of self should be ANY different than that of an extraneous document, save for the fact that we call it a "citation." I think this may well have been why Ed bruoght up the idea of an hDC, where we end up thinking of hCite as more-or-less a sort of wrapper for other microformats (hCard, hCal, etc.). -Bruce
***** But we are not talking about "should be ANY different". We are talking about "should be SAME". My point is that it should NOT be a *requirement* for *citations* per se. The recognition that people will want to cite works is a good one, and thus when working on any "description" type format for a work describing itself, *that* work should look to the citation microformat and be sure to specify a transform, i.e. how to create a citation from a description. The easiest thing *might* be to simply embed a citation, but that is up to the description format, not up to the citation format, and thus should NOT be a requirement for the citation format. My guess is that most description formats will be a superset of what a general purpose citation has in it.
****** Consider the example of an article that contains within the page something along the lines of "Please cite this article as: The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35.". That's both a citation and a description of the current page, and it should be marked up as such. --AlfEaton
* In addition, naming a document "-recommendation" at this point is quite premature, especially when there is much work to be done in both doing the work and cleaning up of [[citation-examples]], [[citation-formats]], and [[citation-brainstorming]]. If this is meant to be a record of notes or a summary of a discussion, then it should be a notes page, e.g. see for example [[geo-bof-2005-06-30]]. Thanks, -Tantek
** I will write-up the notes for the irc-meeting shortly and post them to the appropriate place. In the mean-time the general consenus was that we have closed on the exploration phase of the citation microformat. We have solid goals and are moving to implementation. Admittably the citation pages need some serious clean-up, but there is no need to halt progress in the development/itteration phase for those who are helping to move forward the format. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** Considering any "exploration" "closed" regarding a microformat makes no sense at all when the work to complete the necessary pages per the [[process]] has yet to happen. I'm moving this page to a name more reflecting of its consideration within the process, just notes. -Tantek

== Current problems ==

* Bibliographies published in HTML generally just use plain text (a URL is often included), but are sometimes produced from fully marked-up data, which is lost.
* inline citations often link to bibliography items, but use named anchors rather than fragment identifiers.
* There are multiple ways of adding self-descriptive data to web pages, such as meta tags -- with or without Dublin Core -- or embedded RDF.
** meta tags are nearly useless since their content is invisible. -Tantek

== Straw Proposals ==
'''These straw thoughts/proposals should be on the [[citation-brainstorming]] page, not here, along with some citation (so to speak ;) of the proposer. -Tantek'''

=== Microformat for inline citations ===

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">1</a>
</cite>
</pre>

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">Smith, 2002</a>
</cite>
</pre>

=== Microformat for a generic bibliography citation ===
<pre>
<li class="citation" id="ref-1">

<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[DOI]">[item title]</a>



[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>




[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>


<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
</li>
</pre>

Note: for an full inline citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><cite></cite></pre> and there would not be a link to a local fragment.

Note: for a self citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><span|div class="citation self"></span|div></pre>

=== Additional elements for a journal article citation ===
<pre>
class="citation article"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[journal title]</a>

<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
[volume no.]
[issue no.]
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:issn/[issn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
<abbr class="uri" title="info:pmid/[PMID]"/>
</pre>

* I changed "number" to "issue". I also think that all of that content ought likely be moved out of the "container" wrapper into the root level. Finally, should not the container include another type class ("periodical" or "journal")? -- bruce
** I thought you wanted the model not to be flat, ie the container should have its own attributes? --alf
*** I am not referring to things like titles, but rather only to the locator information (volume, issue, pages), and this is primarily for practical reasons. Those in fact are not characteristics of the container (periodical), but rather of the relationship between the article and issue, and then the issue and the periodical. E.g. to model it "properly" would suggest three levels (root, container/issue, collection/periodical), each with their own respective locators. So I was just thinking for those reasons to in general say these locators ought to be associated with the root. What do you think? -- bruce
**** It might be useful to define which elements would appear at each level. If there are "universals" that would appear in any of kind of citation (although might have a different label/connotation based on context), what would they be? Title? Creator? What else? Then we can start figuring out the special elements for each "type" of citation. --ross

=== Additional elements for a book citation ===
<pre>
class="citation book"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[book title]</a>

[book subtitle]
[publisher]
[editor]
<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:isbn/[isbn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
</pre>

BDarcus: this looks good. I wonder, though, about two issues.

1. why not just title and abbreviatedTitle instead of title and subtitle?

2. date-published with books in particular is a can of worms. My book, for example, has a copyright date of 2006 (which is what one would include in the citation) but an actual publication date sometime in late-2005. The specificity of date-published is thus misleading. What we're really talking about is a copyright date. I wonder if the above might not be better with two classes: date and copyright? So then these classes of dates: date, copyright, issued (more generic than published). That slso fits dc and qualified dc.
*This seems complicated (of course, it's ''all'' complicated) because there's an assumption that the citation creator will actually know which of these the date actually is. It seems like a generic date field that can be qualified with "published" or "copyright" or "actual year the conference happened", etc. would be more user-friendly.

citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09

2006-04-10T20:00:45Z

Ross Singer: /* Additional elements for a journal article citation */

== Summary ==

A citation microformat needs to cover four uses:

# full, bibliographic citations, eg "The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35." This is the main citation microformat and should contain all the information necessary to locate the item and create a text citation in all the common formats (MLA, APA, etc).
# minimal, inline citations in text, eg (Smith, 1987). These generally link to an item in the bibliography using a fragment identifier.
# full, inline citations in text, eg following a blockquote.
# description of the current item/page, including title, creator, date etc.

* I disagree with this last requirement (description of the current item/page). A citation is IMHO a reference to a work *somewhere-else*. It is a reference to a work from *another* work. This is quite a different case than a work describing itself. For info about a work in the work itself, see for example [[blog-description-examples]]. -Tantek
** [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2006-04-09#T192302 the SELF description was discussed] in the meet-up. The idea behind encoding all the attributes for the current page/item was to allow OTHERS to extract citation data from your page for their own use. Why should i re-key all the data about the article if i can simple convert the article to a citation itself! This should require no additional work or fields - their will be no properties unique to the SELF that are already not expressed in the base citation microformat. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** I understand the desire to help automate this, but that means that it would be nice to have a transform from the self-description of a work, to a citation of the work. That transform doesn't necessarily have to be the identity transform, hence the last requirement shouldn't be a requirement. -Tantek
**** Your point that a citation is a reference to an outside source is right Tantek, but that doesn't mean that the description of self should be ANY different than that of an extraneous document, save for the fact that we call it a "citation." I think this may well have been why Ed bruoght up the idea of an hDC, where we end up thinking of hCite as more-or-less a sort of wrapper for other microformats (hCard, hCal, etc.). -Bruce
***** But we are not talking about "should be ANY different". We are talking about "should be SAME". My point is that it should NOT be a *requirement* for *citations* per se. The recognition that people will want to cite works is a good one, and thus when working on any "description" type format for a work describing itself, *that* work should look to the citation microformat and be sure to specify a transform, i.e. how to create a citation from a description. The easiest thing *might* be to simply embed a citation, but that is up to the description format, not up to the citation format, and thus should NOT be a requirement for the citation format. My guess is that most description formats will be a superset of what a general purpose citation has in it.
****** Consider the example of an article that contains within the page something along the lines of "Please cite this article as: The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35.". That's both a citation and a description of the current page, and it should be marked up as such. --AlfEaton
* In addition, naming a document "-recommendation" at this point is quite premature, especially when there is much work to be done in both doing the work and cleaning up of [[citation-examples]], [[citation-formats]], and [[citation-brainstorming]]. If this is meant to be a record of notes or a summary of a discussion, then it should be a notes page, e.g. see for example [[geo-bof-2005-06-30]]. Thanks, -Tantek
** I will write-up the notes for the irc-meeting shortly and post them to the appropriate place. In the mean-time the general consenus was that we have closed on the exploration phase of the citation microformat. We have solid goals and are moving to implementation. Admittably the citation pages need some serious clean-up, but there is no need to halt progress in the development/itteration phase for those who are helping to move forward the format. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** Considering any "exploration" "closed" regarding a microformat makes no sense at all when the work to complete the necessary pages per the [[process]] has yet to happen. I'm moving this page to a name more reflecting of its consideration within the process, just notes. -Tantek

== Current problems ==

* Bibliographies published in HTML generally just use plain text (a URL is often included), but are sometimes produced from fully marked-up data, which is lost.
* inline citations often link to bibliography items, but use named anchors rather than fragment identifiers.
* There are multiple ways of adding self-descriptive data to web pages, such as meta tags -- with or without Dublin Core -- or embedded RDF.
** meta tags are nearly useless since their content is invisible. -Tantek

== Straw Proposals ==
'''These straw thoughts/proposals should be on the [[citation-brainstorming]] page, not here, along with some citation (so to speak ;) of the proposer. -Tantek'''

=== Microformat for inline citations ===

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">1</a>
</cite>
</pre>

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">Smith, 2002</a>
</cite>
</pre>

=== Microformat for a generic bibliography citation ===
<pre>
<li class="citation" id="ref-1">

<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[DOI]">[item title]</a>



[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>




[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>


<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
</li>
</pre>

Note: for an full inline citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><cite></cite></pre> and there would not be a link to a local fragment.

Note: for a self citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><span|div class="citation self"></span|div></pre>

=== Additional elements for a journal article citation ===
<pre>
class="citation article"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[journal title]</a>

<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
[volume no.]
[issue no.]
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:issn/[issn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
<abbr class="uri" title="info:pmid/[PMID]"/>
</pre>

* I changed "number" to "issue". I also think that all of that content ought likely be moved out of the "container" wrapper into the root level. Finally, should not the container include another type class ("periodical" or "journal")? -- bruce
** I thought you wanted the model not to be flat, ie the container should have its own attributes? --alf
*** I am not referring to things like titles, but rather only to the locator information (volume, issue, pages), and this is primarily for practical reasons. Those in fact are not characteristics of the container (periodical), but rather of the relationship between the article and issue, and then the issue and the periodical. E.g. to model it "properly" would suggest three levels (root, container/issue, collection/periodical), each with their own respective locators. So I was just thinking for those reasons to in general say these locators ought to be associated with the root. What do you think? -- bruce
**** It might be useful to define which elements would appear at each level. If there are "universals" that would appear in any of kind of citation (although might have a different label/connotation based on context), what would they be? Title? Creator? What else? Then we can start figuring out the special elements for each "type" of citation. --ross

=== Additional elements for a book citation ===
<pre>
class="citation book"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[book title]</a>

[book subtitle]
[publisher]
[editor]
<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:isbn/[isbn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
</pre>

BDarcus: this looks good. I wonder, though, about two issues.

1. why not just title and abbreviatedTitle instead of title and subtitle?

2. date-published with books in particular is a can of worms. My book, for example, has a copyright date of 2006 (which is what one would include in the citation) but an actual publication date sometime in late-2005. The specificity of date-published is thus misleading. What we're really talking about is a copyright date. I wonder if the above might not be better with two classes: date and copyright? So then these classes of dates: date, copyright, issued (more generic than published). That slso fits dc and qualified dc.

citation-irc-notes-2006-04-09

2006-04-10T19:59:59Z

Ross Singer: /* Additional elements for a journal article citation */

== Summary ==

A citation microformat needs to cover four uses:

# full, bibliographic citations, eg "The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35." This is the main citation microformat and should contain all the information necessary to locate the item and create a text citation in all the common formats (MLA, APA, etc).
# minimal, inline citations in text, eg (Smith, 1987). These generally link to an item in the bibliography using a fragment identifier.
# full, inline citations in text, eg following a blockquote.
# description of the current item/page, including title, creator, date etc.

* I disagree with this last requirement (description of the current item/page). A citation is IMHO a reference to a work *somewhere-else*. It is a reference to a work from *another* work. This is quite a different case than a work describing itself. For info about a work in the work itself, see for example [[blog-description-examples]]. -Tantek
** [http://rbach.priv.at/Microformats-IRC/2006-04-09#T192302 the SELF description was discussed] in the meet-up. The idea behind encoding all the attributes for the current page/item was to allow OTHERS to extract citation data from your page for their own use. Why should i re-key all the data about the article if i can simple convert the article to a citation itself! This should require no additional work or fields - their will be no properties unique to the SELF that are already not expressed in the base citation microformat. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** I understand the desire to help automate this, but that means that it would be nice to have a transform from the self-description of a work, to a citation of the work. That transform doesn't necessarily have to be the identity transform, hence the last requirement shouldn't be a requirement. -Tantek
**** Your point that a citation is a reference to an outside source is right Tantek, but that doesn't mean that the description of self should be ANY different than that of an extraneous document, save for the fact that we call it a "citation." I think this may well have been why Ed bruoght up the idea of an hDC, where we end up thinking of hCite as more-or-less a sort of wrapper for other microformats (hCard, hCal, etc.). -Bruce
***** But we are not talking about "should be ANY different". We are talking about "should be SAME". My point is that it should NOT be a *requirement* for *citations* per se. The recognition that people will want to cite works is a good one, and thus when working on any "description" type format for a work describing itself, *that* work should look to the citation microformat and be sure to specify a transform, i.e. how to create a citation from a description. The easiest thing *might* be to simply embed a citation, but that is up to the description format, not up to the citation format, and thus should NOT be a requirement for the citation format. My guess is that most description formats will be a superset of what a general purpose citation has in it.
****** Consider the example of an article that contains within the page something along the lines of "Please cite this article as: The Title Of An Article. Smith J. Journal Title (1987). 46:1; 23-35.". That's both a citation and a description of the current page, and it should be marked up as such. --AlfEaton
* In addition, naming a document "-recommendation" at this point is quite premature, especially when there is much work to be done in both doing the work and cleaning up of [[citation-examples]], [[citation-formats]], and [[citation-brainstorming]]. If this is meant to be a record of notes or a summary of a discussion, then it should be a notes page, e.g. see for example [[geo-bof-2005-06-30]]. Thanks, -Tantek
** I will write-up the notes for the irc-meeting shortly and post them to the appropriate place. In the mean-time the general consenus was that we have closed on the exploration phase of the citation microformat. We have solid goals and are moving to implementation. Admittably the citation pages need some serious clean-up, but there is no need to halt progress in the development/itteration phase for those who are helping to move forward the format. -[http://suda.co.uk/ brian]
*** Considering any "exploration" "closed" regarding a microformat makes no sense at all when the work to complete the necessary pages per the [[process]] has yet to happen. I'm moving this page to a name more reflecting of its consideration within the process, just notes. -Tantek

== Current problems ==

* Bibliographies published in HTML generally just use plain text (a URL is often included), but are sometimes produced from fully marked-up data, which is lost.
* inline citations often link to bibliography items, but use named anchors rather than fragment identifiers.
* There are multiple ways of adding self-descriptive data to web pages, such as meta tags -- with or without Dublin Core -- or embedded RDF.
** meta tags are nearly useless since their content is invisible. -Tantek

== Straw Proposals ==
'''These straw thoughts/proposals should be on the [[citation-brainstorming]] page, not here, along with some citation (so to speak ;) of the proposer. -Tantek'''

=== Microformat for inline citations ===

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">1</a>
</cite>
</pre>

<pre>
<cite>
<a href="#ref-1">Smith, 2002</a>
</cite>
</pre>

=== Microformat for a generic bibliography citation ===
<pre>
<li class="citation" id="ref-1">

<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[DOI]">[item title]</a>



[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>




[surname],
<abbr title="[given-name]" class="given-name">[initial]</abbr>


<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
</li>
</pre>

Note: for an full inline citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><cite></cite></pre> and there would not be a link to a local fragment.

Note: for a self citation, the <pre><li class="citation" id=""></li></pre> would be replaced by <pre><span|div class="citation self"></span|div></pre>

=== Additional elements for a journal article citation ===
<pre>
class="citation article"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[journal title]</a>

<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
[volume no.]
[issue no.]
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:issn/[issn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
<abbr class="uri" title="info:pmid/[PMID]"/>
</pre>

* I changed "number" to "issue". I also think that all of that content ought likely be moved out of the "container" wrapper into the root level. Finally, should not the container include another type class ("periodical" or "journal")? -- bruce
** I thought you wanted the model not to be flat, ie the container should have its own attributes? --alf
*** I am not referring to things like titles, but rather only to the locator information (volume, issue, pages), and this is primarily for practical reasons. Those in fact are not characteristics of the container (periodical), but rather of the relationship between the article and issue, and then the issue and the periodical. E.g. to model it "properly" would suggest three levels (root, container/issue, collection/periodical), each with their own respective locators. So I was just thinking for those reasons to in general say these locators ought to be associated with the root. What do you think? -- bruce
**** It might be useful to define which elements would appear at each level. If there are "universals" would appear in any of kind of citation (although might have a different label/connotation based on context), what would they be? Title? Creator? What else? Then we can start figuring out the special elements for each "type" of citation.

=== Additional elements for a book citation ===
<pre>
class="citation book"


<a class="url" href="http://dx.doi.org/[doi]">[book title]</a>

[book subtitle]
[publisher]
[editor]
<abbr class="date-published" title="YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS+ZZ:ZZ">[year]</abbr>
<abbr class="uri" title="urn:isbn/[isbn]"/>


[start-page]-[end-page]
</pre>

BDarcus: this looks good. I wonder, though, about two issues.

1. why not just title and abbreviatedTitle instead of title and subtitle?

2. date-published with books in particular is a can of worms. My book, for example, has a copyright date of 2006 (which is what one would include in the citation) but an actual publication date sometime in late-2005. The specificity of date-published is thus misleading. What we're really talking about is a copyright date. I wonder if the above might not be better with two classes: date and copyright? So then these classes of dates: date, copyright, issued (more generic than published). That slso fits dc and qualified dc.

citation-irc-meetup

2006-03-30T04:55:17Z

Ross Singer: /* Attendees */

There has been an explosion of messages to the mailing list about the citation format. I think it would be best for everyone interested in contributing to try and set aside 30-60 minutes so we can all meet in the IRC room and hammer out alot of the simple things and get a road map for the larger pictures.

I would like to try to get the first meeting within the next 10 days, so please put your name with a time that works best for you. REMEMBER we span different timezone, so maybe a weekend is best?

== Attendees ==
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda] (-0600) TZ, Any day after 19:00 (7pm) or weekends
* [http://michael-mccracken.net/ Michael McCracken] (-0800) TZ, Any day after 4pm or weekends, starting Tuesday, Apr. 4.
* [http://tjameswhite.com/ Tim White] (-0500)TZ, Weekends best (except April 7-8), or after 7pm (no Tuesdays)
* [http://www.inkdroid.org/ Ed Summers] (-0600)TZ, 9AM-10PM.
* [http://dilettantes.code4lib.org/ Ross Singer] (-0500)TZ Monday April 3rd or Sunday the 9th... 9-5 either day.

== things to discuss ==
* ???
* ???

citation-formats

2006-01-30T19:42:16Z

Ross Singer: /* Example */

= Citation Formats =

This page will display several different types of citation format types. The idea is to compare what properties are common amonst all of the formats and which ones should be blended into this microformat.

See also:
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]
* [[citation-examples]]

== Comparison chart ==
The following chart maps the terms from one implementation to another. This is important because if all the properties are introduced to this microformats, then its possible to map them to a number of different formats. The table currently only uses Dublin Core, MODS, and bibTeX. Each column has all the properties and their equivalent in each format. If there is no corresponding property the cell is grey. At the bottom of the list are the unique terms to each format. Dublin core has basic terms and terms that extend the basic ones. If the property is an extention of a basic term it is in ()'s. MODS uses XML, so any sub-properties are listed in their tree form, property/sub-property.

THIS IS NOT DEFINIATIVE, any errors should be corrected. More formats will be added to the list as they are mapped.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Dublin Core</th>
<th>MODS</th>
<th>bibTeX</th>
<th>Z39.80</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Title (alternative)</td>
<td>titleInfo/title titleInfo/PartNum</td>
<td>booktitle title chapter number pages volume series</td>
<td>Analytic Title 
Collective or Series Title 
Monographic Title 
Work Fraction Title 
Location of Conference 
Main Entry 
Name of Conference 
Number of Meeting 
Other Title 
Parallel Title 
Title Abbriviation 
Title of Conference Proceedings 
Translated Title 
Uniform Title 
Abbriviated Translated Title 
Symposium or Session Title 
Collective or Series Edition 
Video/Film Edition 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>creator</td>
<td>name/namePart</td>
<td>author creator</td>
<td>Author, Primary 
Corporate Author, Primary 
Abstract Author 
Authorship Statement 
Acknowledged Supporters 
Assignee for Patents 
Chairperson of Conference 
Director of AV Program 
Other Author 
Reviewed Book Author 
Studio 
Sponsor of Conference 
Staff/Cast 
Symposium Chairperson 
Author Address or Affiliation 
Author Country 
Electronic Address of Author 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>subject</td>
<td>subject/topic</td>
<td>keywords</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Description (abstract | tableOfContents)</td>
<td>abstract note tableOfContents</td>
<td>abstract annotation note contents</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Contributor</td>
<td>name</td>
<td>editor?</td>
<td>Book/Report/Volume Editor 
Producer 
Translator 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)</td>
<td>originInfo/dateIssued originInfo/dateCreated originInfo/dateCaptured originInfo/dateOther</td>
<td>month year</td>
<td>Copyright Year Date-generic Date of conference Date of Publication Date of Update/Revisou/Issuance of Database Record Former Date Entry date for Database Record Database Update Year of Publication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>typeOfResource genre</td>
<td>@class type</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Format (extent | medium)</td>
<td>physicalDescription/internetMediaType physicalDescription/extent physicalDescription/form</td>
<td>howpublished</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>identifier (bibliographicCitation)</td>
<td>identifier</td>
<td>ISBN ISSN LCCN URL</td>
<td>ISBN Identifier Report Identfier ISSN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td>relatedItem</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Relation (...)</td>
<td>relatedItem/...</td>
<td>crossRef</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Coverage (spacial | temporal)</td>
<td>subject/temporal subject/geographic subject/hierarchicalGeographic subject/cartographics</td>
<td></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>classifications</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rights (accessRights | license)</td>
<td>accessConditions</td>
<td>copyright</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>publisher</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>publisher</td>
<td>Publisher Name 
Place of Publication 
Country of Publication 
Generic Address 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>audience (educationLevel | mediator)</td>
<td>targetAudience</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#999999">accualMethod accualPeriodicaty accualPolicy instrcutionalMethod provenance rightsHolder</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">location extension recordInfo</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">address afflilication location edition institution journal key mrnumber organization price school size</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">(the following need to be mapped to the above rows or left here as other) 
Database Source 
Databse Record Identifier 
Database Producer Name 
Rights Management 
Subfile 
Other Source Identifier 
Vendor Record Identifier 
Database Vendor Name 
Column Number 
Edition 
Frequency of Publication 
Internet Location for Document 
Supplement/Part/Special number identifer 
Issue Identifier 
Location in Work 
Number of the Chapter 
Number in Series 
Volume Identifier 
Section Indentifier 
</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Dublin Core Metadata ==
[http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core] metadata uses a small vocabulary to descibe the data.
* contributor
* coverage
* creator
* date
* description
* format
* identifier
* language
* publisher
* relation
* rights
* source
* subject
* title
* type

From those there are specialised types where are just refinments of the previous, for example:

* abstract refines description.
* accessRights refines rights

[http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-citation-guidelines/ Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in Dublin Core Metadata]

== MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) ==
This is a format developed for the Libray of Congress for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications.

[http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/]

(the schema is very big, once i devote the proper time to review it, i will post more about the structure -brian)

== XMLResume ==
<pre>
<!ELEMENT pubs (pub+)>
<!ENTITY % pubElements "(artTitle|bookTitle|author|date|pubDate|publisher|pageNums|url)">
<!ELEMENT pub (para | %pubElements;)*>
<!ATTLIST pub id ID #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT artTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT bookTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST author name IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT pubDate (month?, year)> 
<!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA | link | url)*>
<!ELEMENT pageNums (#PCDATA)>
</pre>

== BibTeX ==
=== Fields Used by Bibtex ===

<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>abstract:</td>
<td>An abstract of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>address:</td>
<td>Publisher's address. For major publishing houses,
just the city is given. For small publishers, you can help the reader by giving the complete address.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>affiliation:</td>
<td>The author's affiliation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>annote:</td>
<td>An annotation. It is not used by he standard bibliography styles, but may be used by others that produce an annotated bibliography.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>author:</td>
<td>The name(s) of the author(s).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>booktitle: </td>
<td>Title of a book, part of which is being cited. For book entries, use the title field instead.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chapter:</td>
<td>A chapter (or section) number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>contents:</td>
<td>A Table of Contents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>copyright:</td>
<td>Copyright information.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>crossref:</td>
<td>The database key of the entry being cross-referenced.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>edition: </td>
<td>The edition of a book - for example
"Second". Notice that it is in capitals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>editor: </td>
<td>Name(s) of editor(s). If there is also an author field, then the editor field gives the editor of the book or collection in which the reference appears.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>howpublished:</td>
<td>How something strange has been published. The first word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>institution:</td>
<td>The sponsoring institution of a technical report.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ISBN:</td>
<td>The International Standard Book Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ISSN:</td>
<td>The International Standard Serial Number. Used to
identify a journal.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>journal: </td>
<td>A journal name. Abbreviations are provided for many journals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>key: </td>
<td>Used for alphabetizing and creating a label when the author and editor fields are missing. This field should not be confused with the key that appears at the beginning of the reference.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>keywords:</td>
<td>Key words used for searching or possibly for annotation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>language:</td>
<td>The language the document is written in.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LCCN:</td>
<td>The Library of Congress Call Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>location:</td>
<td>A location associated with the entry, such as the city in which a conference took place.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>month: </td>
<td>The month in which the work was published or, for an unpublished work, in which it was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mrnumber:</td>
<td>The Mathematical Reviews number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>note:</td>
<td>Any additional information that can help the reader. First word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>number: </td>
<td>The number of a journal, magazine, technical report, or of a work in a series. An issue of a journal or magazine is usually identified by its volume and number; the organization that issues a technical report usually gives it a number; and sometimes books are given numbers in a named series.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>organization: </td>
<td>The organization that sponsors a conference or publishes a manual.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pages:</td>
<td>One or more page numbers or ranges of number, such as 37--42, or 7,53,82--94.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>price:</td>
<td>The price of the material.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>publisher:</td>
<td>The publisher's name.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>school:</td>
<td>The name of the school where a thesis was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>series:</td>
<td>Then name given a series or set of books. When citing an entire book, the title field gives its title and the optional series field gives the name of a series in which the book was published.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>size:</td>
<td>The physical dimensions of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>title:</td>
<td>The work's title.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>type:</td>
<td>The type of technical report - for example,
"Research Note".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>url:</td>
<td>The WWW Universal Resource Locator that points to the item being referenced. Often used for technical reports to point to the FTP site where it resides.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>volume:</td>
<td>The volume of a journal or multivolume book.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>year:</td>
<td>The year of publication or, for an unpublished work, the year it was written. It should only consist of numerals, such as 1976.</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== BibTeX citation Types ===
A reference can be to any of a variety of types. Following is a list of types. Each one also explains the fields associated with that type. Any fields not listed as required or optional are considered to be ignored.
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>article:</td>
<td>An article from a journal or magazine. Required fields: author, title, journal, year. Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>book:</td>
<td>A book with an explicit publisher. Required fields: author or editor, title, publisher, year. Optional fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>booklet: </td>
<td>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, howpublished, address, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>collection:</td>
<td>A collection of works. Same as Proceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>conference:</td>
<td>The same as Inproceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inbook:</td>
<td>A part of a book, which may be a chapter and/or arange of pages. Required fields: author or editor, title, chapter and/or pages, publisher, year. Optional fields: volumer, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>incollection:</td>
<td>A part of a book with its own title. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, publisher, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inproceedings:</td>
<td>An article in a conference proceedings. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>manual: </td>
<td>Technical documentation. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mastersthesis:</td>
<td>A Master's thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>misc:</td>
<td>Use this type when nothing else fits. Required fields: none. Optional fields: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>patent:</td>
<td>A patent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>phdthesis:</td>
<td>A Ph.D. thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>proceedings:</td>
<td>The proceedings of a conference. Required fields: title, year. Optional fields: editor, publisher, organization, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>techreport:</td>
<td>A report published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series. Required fields: author, title, institution, year. Optional fields: type, number, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unpublished:</td>
<td>A document with an author and title, but not formally published. Required fields: author, title, note. Optional fields: month, year, key.</td>
</tr>
</table>

==== Examples ====
<pre><nowiki>
@book{kn:gnus,

AUTHOR = "Donald E. Knudson",
TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
ADDRESS = {Novosibirsk} }

<div class="book" id="kn:gnus">
<div class="author">Donald E. Knudson</div>
<div class="title">1966 World Gnus Almanac</div>
<div class="publisher">Permafrost Press</div>
<div class="address">Novosibirsk</div>
</div>

@article{XAi_HSCheng_1994a,

author = "X. Ai and H. S. Cheng",
title = "Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts",
journal = "Tribol. Trans.",
volume = "37",
year = "1994",
pages = "323--335",
}

<div class="article" id="XAi_HSCheng_1994a">
<div class="author">X. Ai and H. S. Cheng</div>
<div class="title">Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts</div>
<div class="journal">Tribol. Trans.</div>
<div class="volume">37</div>
<div class="year">1994</div>
<div class="pages">323--335</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== OpenURL ==

OpenURL aka [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 Z39.88] defines a standard way of bundling citation data in a URL. It is widely deployed in academic libraries around the world to provide access to licensed content via link resolvers such as [http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/sfx_openurl.htm SFX]. The Context Object in Span ([http://ocoins.info/ COinS]) community standard represents one way to embed OpenURLs in XHTML without including a resolver target.

<pre>
<nowiki>

</nowiki>
</pre>

As you can see this isn't very much like semantic XHTML at all. However significant work has gone into defining the set of Key/Encoded Values (KEVs) that can be used in various [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats types] of citations: [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book book], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation dissertation], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal journal], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent patent]. It would be possible to simply provide a standard XHTML bundling for these keys as a microformat.

=== Example ===

<pre>
<nowiki>

<div class="openurl-journal">
Berners-Lee,
Tim</a>; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora.
"The Semantic Web".
Scientific American
284(5), pp.
pp. 34-43.
0036-8733
</div>

</nowiki>
</pre>

Using OpenURL in this way would enable third party applications that could, say grab citation metadata from a blog, and without much work fire it off at your university's or public libraries openurl resolver to see if the article is available via a licensed databases. The benefits [http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb050801-1.shtml have] [http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/chudnov/ been] [http://www.wallandbinkley.com/quaedam/?p=30 noted] [http://hublog.hubmed.org/archives/001163.html elsewhere].

== The OpenURL Briefly Explained ==

An OpenURL consists of two independent parts: the ContextObject (or the bibliographic metadata surrounding a citation) and the location of resolver to parse the metadata and present contextual services based on said metadata. The problem is that the term "OpenURL" is also used as a catch-all for all of the independent parts and how they work. This is mainly because it's a catchier term than "Z39.88", which is the [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 NISO standard all this is based upon].

The most common representation of the OpenURL ContextObject is seen as arguments in a URL string (which is referred to as "San Antonio Profile 1" -- more commonly SAP1 -- and is represented in Key Encoded Values -- KEVs). This "representation" is independent of the ContextObject (from here on known as CO) itself and is only intended to permit the CO to be transmitted via an HTTP GET request.

There is also SAP2, which is an XML representation of the CO (see: [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:ctx here] for more information) and is a much more human readable format. This still falls outside the scope of microformats, but makes the point that encoding has nothing to do with the CO itself. They are just agreed upon means of conveying the CO to enable machines act upon them consistently.

The ContextObject could be conveyed just as easily in XHTML using attributes, as long as the terms follow the vocabulary defined in the OpenURL framework. The important thing to focus on here is the ContextObject -- the address of the link resolver ''is'' institution-specific and should be handled by a user's (or machine's) activating agent.

However, the link resolver is still a very important component to this whole process. Getting users "appropriate copy" is a very real (and very difficult) problem that libraries are trying to solve. Link resolvers are a pretty efficient means of overcoming this hurdle, so it would make sense to mark up bibiographic citations in a way that link resolvers can easily parse.

== Z39.80 ==
I'm not sure the best place for a guide to Z39.80 so please add links as you see fit:

[http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html]

== DocBook ==

A subset of the DocBook vocabulary is dedicated to representing a bibliography: http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/bibliography.html

<pre><nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE bibliography PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd">
<bibliography>
<title>Languages and Semantics</title>
<bibliodiv>
<title>Books</title>
<biblioentry>
<title>Course in General Linguistics</title>
<abbrev>deSaussure59</abbrev>
<author><firstname>Ferdinand</firstname><surname>de Saussure</surname></author>
<editor><firstname>Charles</firstname><surname>Bally</surname></editor>
<editor><firstname>Albert</firstname><surname>Sechehaye</surname></editor>
<othercredit role="translator"><firstname>Wade</firstname><surname>Baskin</surname></othercredit>
<copyright>
<year>1959</year>
<holder>The Philosophical Library Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<isbn>07-016524-6</isbn>
<publisher>
<publishername>McGraw-Hill Book Company</publishername>
</publisher>
</biblioentry>
</bibliodiv>
</bibliography>
</nowiki></pre>

== Ann Arbor District Library XML feed ==

Here's a record in XML format from their project to simplify
access to the catalog. More discussion on [http://www.blyberg.net John Blyberg's blog].

<pre>
<nowiki>
<p:Record>
<callnum>823 Bu</callnum>
<author>Burkart, Gina, 1971-</author>
<fulltitle>A parent's guide to Harry Potter / Gina Burkart</fulltitle>
<title>A parent's guide to Harry Potter </title>
<pubinfo>Downers Grove, Ill. : InterVarsity Press, c2005</pubinfo>
<desc>112 p</desc>
<bibliography>Includes bibliographical references</bibliography>
<contents>
The Harry hype -- More than a story -- The modern fairy tale -- Discussing fantasy with children --
Morals, not magic -- The real issues in Harry Potter -- Dealing with traumatic experiences -- Facing
fears -- Battling bullies -- Delving into diversity -- Hiding hurts -- Letting go of anger -- Getting
help -- Choosing good over evil -- The power of love -- Facing spiritual battles
</contents>
<isbn>0830832882</isbn>
<price>$11.00</price>
<lang>eng</lang>
<copies>0</copies>
<catdate>08-16-2005</catdate>
<mattype>a</mattype>
<avail>No copies available</avail>
<recordlink xlink:href="http://www.aadl.org/cat/seek/record=1249810"/>
</p:Record>
</nowiki>
</pre>

== SimpleDC supported by the zoom toolkit ==

<pre>
<nowiki>
<dc xmlns="http/www.loc.gov/zing/srw/dcschema/v1.0/">
<title>Kantor Salomon Sulzer und seine Zeit : eine Dokumentation /</title>
<creator>Avenary, Hanoch.</creator>
<creator>Pass, Walter.</creator>
<creator>Vielmetti, Nikolaus.</creator>
<creator>Adler, Israel, (1925-)</creator>
<subject>Sulzer, Salomon, -- 1804-1890.</subject>
<subject>Jewish composers -- Austria -- Biography.</subject>
<subject>Cantors, Jewish -- Biography.</subject>
<date>1985</date>
<publisher>Sigmaringen : Jan Thorbecke Verlag</publisher>
<identifier>3799540636</identifier>
<description>300 p., [12] p. of plates : ill., music, ports. ; 24 cm.</description>
</dc>
</nowiki>
</pre>

this is the output of marc.toSimpleDC()

== SRU from the Library of Congress ==

http://z3950.loc.gov:7090/voyager?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=dinosaur&maximumRecords=1&recordSchema=dc

<pre>
<nowiki>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<zs:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:zs="http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/">
<zs:version>1.1</zs:version>
<zs:numberOfRecords>1701</zs:numberOfRecords>
<zs:records>
<zs:record>
<zs:recordSchema>info:srw/schema/1/dc-v1.1</zs:recordSchema>
<zs:recordPacking>xml</zs:recordPacking>
<zs:recordData>
<srw_dc:dc xmlns:srw_dc="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xsi:schemaLocation="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/zing/srw/dc-schema.xsd">
<title>3-D dinosaur adventure [computer file].</title>
<creator>Knowledge Adventure, Inc.</creator>
<type>software, multimedia</type>
<publisher>Glendale, CA : Knowledge Adventure,</publisher>

<date>c1995.</date>
<language>eng</language>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of
paleontology. Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration,
games, activities, and color illustrations.</description>
<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>System requirements for PC: 486SX/25MHz processor or higher; 8MB RAM; Windows 3.1,
3.11, or 95; SVGA 256-color graphics adapter; hard drive with 5MB free space; double-speed CD-ROM
drive; MPC-compatible sound card; mouse.</description>
<description>System requirements for Macintosh: 68040 or Power PC processor; 8MB RAM; System 7.0 or
higher; 256-color graphics capability; thirteen-inch color monitor or larger; hard drive with 4MB
free space; double-speed CD-ROM drive.</description>

<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of paleontology.
Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration, games, activities,
and color illustrations.</description>
<subject>Dinosaurs--Juvenile software.</subject>
<subject>Dinosaurs.</subject>
<identifier>URN:ISBN:1569972133</identifier>
</srw_dc:dc>
</zs:recordData>
<zs:recordPosition>1</zs:recordPosition>
</zs:record>
</zs:records>
</zs:searchRetrieveResponse>

</nowiki>
</pre>

== Types and Roles ==
(Section is informative only as a place to capture various parts of publication citations.)

There are many different types of publications and this information should be captured in the citation. Possible types include:
* Novel/fiction (specify type -- literature, sci-fi, romance, etc.?)
* Non-fiction
* Poem
* Play
* Magazine
* Reference (seperate out encyclopedia, dictionary, almanac, etc.?)
* Journal
* Article within a journal
* Chapter within a book
* Dissertation
* Web Site
* Page within a web site
* Music Recording
* Video Recording
* Interview
* Physical object (Statue, Painting, etc.)
* ??

Question:
Certain works have specific types of citations, for example, the Bible--and, I assume, other religious works--have very specific citation formats with different relevant information (chapter/verse) than others, as do the works of Shakespeare. Should these be considered seperate types/roles?

A: I think in terms of types, we should at least note the items (chapter, verse, etc). How they get dealt with is still way up in the air. - [[User:Tim White|Tim White]]

Likewise, there are several different roles associated with publications -- author, co-author, editor, translator, etc. Should these be captured under a master "role" or treated as individual elements?

A: Good question. I think there is an important distinction, but whether we follow a design pattern of "role-*" (or more likely "author-*) or some other pattern hasn't been discussed yet. - Tim

OpenURL 1.0 (Z39.88)

2006-01-30T17:22:17Z

Ross Singer:

== The OpenURL Briefly Explained ==

An OpenURL consists of two independent parts: the ContextObject (or the bibliographic metadata surrounding a citation) and the location of resolver to parse the metadata and present contextual services based on said metadata. The problem is that the term "OpenURL" is also used as a catch-all for all of the independent parts and how they work. This is mainly because it's a catchier term than "Z39.88", which is the [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 NISO standard all this is based upon].

The most common representation of the OpenURL ContextObject is seen as arguments in a URL string (which is referred to as "San Antonio Profile 1" -- more commonly SAP1 -- and is represented in Key Encoded Values -- KEVs). This "representation" is independent of the ContextObject (from here on known as CO) itself and is only intended to permit the CO to be transmitted via an HTTP GET request.

There is also SAP2, which is an XML representation of the CO (see: [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:ctx here] for more information) and is a much more human readable format. This still falls outside the scope of microformats, but makes the point that encoding has nothing to do with the CO itself. They are just agreed upon means of conveying the CO to enable machines act upon them consistently.

The ContextObject could be conveyed just as easily in XHTML using attributes, as long as the terms follow the vocabulary defined in the OpenURL framework. The important thing to focus on here is the ContextObject -- the address of the link resolver ''is'' institution-specific and should be handled by a user's (or machine's) activating agent.

However, the link resolver is still a very important component to this whole process. Getting users "appropriate copy" is a very real (and very difficult) problem that libraries are trying to solve. Link resolvers are a pretty efficient means of overcoming this hurdle, so it would make sense to mark up bibiographic citations in a way that link resolvers can easily parse.

OpenURL 1.0 (Z39.88)

2006-01-30T17:20:56Z

Ross Singer:

An OpenURL consists of two independent parts: the ContextObject (or the bibliographic metadata surrounding a citation) and the location of resolver to parse the metadata and present contextual services based on said metadata. The problem is that the term "OpenURL" is also used as a catch-all for all of the independent parts and how they work. This is mainly because it's a catchier term than "Z39.88", which is the [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 NISO standard all this is based upon].

The most common representation of the OpenURL ContextObject is seen as arguments in a URL string (which is referred to as "San Antonio Profile 1" -- more commonly SAP1 -- and is represented in Key Encoded Values -- KEVs). This "representation" is independent of the ContextObject (from here on known as CO) itself and is only intended to permit the CO to be transmitted via an HTTP GET request.

There is also SAP2, which is an XML representation of the CO (see: [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:ctx here] for more information) and is a much more human readable format. This still falls outside the scope of microformats, but makes the point that encoding has nothing to do with the CO itself. They are just agreed upon means of conveying the CO to enable machines act upon them consistently.

The ContextObject could be conveyed just as easily in XHTML using attributes, as long as the terms follow the vocabulary defined in the OpenURL framework. The important thing to focus on here is the ContextObject -- the address of the link resolver ''is'' institution-specific and should be handled by a user's (or machine's) activating agent.

However, the link resolver is still a very important component to this whole process. Getting users "appropriate copy" is a very real (and very difficult) problem that libraries are trying to solve. Link resolvers are a pretty efficient means of overcoming this hurdle, so it would make sense to mark up bibiographic citations in a way that link resolvers can easily parse.

citation-formats

2006-01-30T17:12:56Z

Ross Singer: /* Example */

= Citation Formats =

This page will display several different types of citation format types. The idea is to compare what properties are common amonst all of the formats and which ones should be blended into this microformat.

See also:
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]
* [[citation-examples]]

== Comparison chart ==
The following chart maps the terms from one implementation to another. This is important because if all the properties are introduced to this microformats, then its possible to map them to a number of different formats. The table currently only uses Dublin Core, MODS, and bibTeX. Each column has all the properties and their equivalent in each format. If there is no corresponding property the cell is grey. At the bottom of the list are the unique terms to each format. Dublin core has basic terms and terms that extend the basic ones. If the property is an extention of a basic term it is in ()'s. MODS uses XML, so any sub-properties are listed in their tree form, property/sub-property.

THIS IS NOT DEFINIATIVE, any errors should be corrected. More formats will be added to the list as they are mapped.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Dublin Core</th>
<th>MODS</th>
<th>bibTeX</th>
<th>Z39.80</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Title (alternative)</td>
<td>titleInfo/title titleInfo/PartNum</td>
<td>booktitle title chapter number pages volume series</td>
<td>Analytic Title 
Collective or Series Title 
Monographic Title 
Work Fraction Title 
Location of Conference 
Main Entry 
Name of Conference 
Number of Meeting 
Other Title 
Parallel Title 
Title Abbriviation 
Title of Conference Proceedings 
Translated Title 
Uniform Title 
Abbriviated Translated Title 
Symposium or Session Title 
Collective or Series Edition 
Video/Film Edition 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>creator</td>
<td>name/namePart</td>
<td>author creator</td>
<td>Author, Primary 
Corporate Author, Primary 
Abstract Author 
Authorship Statement 
Acknowledged Supporters 
Assignee for Patents 
Chairperson of Conference 
Director of AV Program 
Other Author 
Reviewed Book Author 
Studio 
Sponsor of Conference 
Staff/Cast 
Symposium Chairperson 
Author Address or Affiliation 
Author Country 
Electronic Address of Author 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>subject</td>
<td>subject/topic</td>
<td>keywords</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Description (abstract | tableOfContents)</td>
<td>abstract note tableOfContents</td>
<td>abstract annotation note contents</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Contributer</td>
<td>name</td>
<td>editor?</td>
<td>Book/Report/Volume Editor 
Producer 
Translator 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date (available | created | dateAccepted | dateCopyrighted | dateSubmitted | issued | modified | valid)</td>
<td>originInfo/dateIssued originInfo/dateCreated originInfo/dateCaptured originInfo/dateOther</td>
<td>month year</td>
<td>Copyright Year Date-generic Date of conference Date of Publication Date of Update/Revisou/Issuance of Database Record Former Date Entry date for Database Record Database Update Year of Publication</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Type</td>
<td>typeOfResource genre</td>
<td>@class type</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Format (extent | medium)</td>
<td>physicalDescription/internetMediaType physicalDescription/extent physicalDescription/form</td>
<td>howpublished</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>identifier (bibliographicCitation)</td>
<td>identifier</td>
<td>ISBN ISSN LCCN URL</td>
<td>ISBN Identifier Report Identfier ISSN</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Source</td>
<td>relatedItem</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td>language</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Relation (...)</td>
<td>relatedItem/...</td>
<td>crossRef</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Coverage (spacial | temporal)</td>
<td>subject/temporal subject/geographic subject/hierarchicalGeographic subject/cartographics</td>
<td></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>classifications</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rights (accessRights | license)</td>
<td>accessConditions</td>
<td>copyright</td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>publisher</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>publisher</td>
<td>Publisher Name 
Place of Publication 
Country of Publication 
Generic Address 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>audience (educationLevel | mediator)</td>
<td>targetAudience</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"></td>
<td>needs mapping</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#999999">accualMethod accualPeriodicaty accualPolicy instrcutionalMethod provenance rightsHolder</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">location extension recordInfo</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">address afflilication location edition institution journal key mrnumber organization price school size</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999">(the following need to be mapped to the above rows or left here as other) 
Database Source 
Databse Record Identifier 
Database Producer Name 
Rights Management 
Subfile 
Other Source Identifier 
Vendor Record Identifier 
Database Vendor Name 
Column Number 
Edition 
Frequency of Publication 
Internet Location for Document 
Supplement/Part/Special number identifer 
Issue Identifier 
Location in Work 
Number of the Chapter 
Number in Series 
Volume Identifier 
Section Indentifier 
</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Dublin Core Metadata ==
[http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core] metadata uses a small vocabulary to descibe the data.
* contributor
* coverage
* creator
* date
* description
* format
* identifier
* language
* publisher
* relation
* rights
* source
* subject
* title
* type

From those there are specialised types where are just refinments of the previous, for example:

* abstract refines description.
* accessRights refines rights

[http://dublincore.org/documents/dc-citation-guidelines/ Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in Dublin Core Metadata]

== MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) ==
This is a format developed for the Libray of Congress for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications.

[http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/]

(the schema is very big, once i devote the proper time to review it, i will post more about the structure -brian)

== XMLResume ==
<pre>
<!ELEMENT pubs (pub+)>
<!ENTITY % pubElements "(artTitle|bookTitle|author|date|pubDate|publisher|pageNums|url)">
<!ELEMENT pub (para | %pubElements;)*>
<!ATTLIST pub id ID #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT artTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT bookTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST author name IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT pubDate (month?, year)> 
<!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA | link | url)*>
<!ELEMENT pageNums (#PCDATA)>
</pre>

== BibTeX ==
=== Fields Used by Bibtex ===

<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>abstract:</td>
<td>An abstract of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>address:</td>
<td>Publisher's address. For major publishing houses,
just the city is given. For small publishers, you can help the reader by giving the complete address.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>affiliation:</td>
<td>The author's affiliation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>annote:</td>
<td>An annotation. It is not used by he standard bibliography styles, but may be used by others that produce an annotated bibliography.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>author:</td>
<td>The name(s) of the author(s).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>booktitle: </td>
<td>Title of a book, part of which is being cited. For book entries, use the title field instead.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>chapter:</td>
<td>A chapter (or section) number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>contents:</td>
<td>A Table of Contents.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>copyright:</td>
<td>Copyright information.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>crossref:</td>
<td>The database key of the entry being cross-referenced.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>edition: </td>
<td>The edition of a book - for example
"Second". Notice that it is in capitals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>editor: </td>
<td>Name(s) of editor(s). If there is also an author field, then the editor field gives the editor of the book or collection in which the reference appears.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>howpublished:</td>
<td>How something strange has been published. The first word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>institution:</td>
<td>The sponsoring institution of a technical report.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ISBN:</td>
<td>The International Standard Book Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ISSN:</td>
<td>The International Standard Serial Number. Used to
identify a journal.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>journal: </td>
<td>A journal name. Abbreviations are provided for many journals.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>key: </td>
<td>Used for alphabetizing and creating a label when the author and editor fields are missing. This field should not be confused with the key that appears at the beginning of the reference.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>keywords:</td>
<td>Key words used for searching or possibly for annotation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>language:</td>
<td>The language the document is written in.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LCCN:</td>
<td>The Library of Congress Call Number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>location:</td>
<td>A location associated with the entry, such as the city in which a conference took place.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>month: </td>
<td>The month in which the work was published or, for an unpublished work, in which it was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mrnumber:</td>
<td>The Mathematical Reviews number.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>note:</td>
<td>Any additional information that can help the reader. First word should be capitalized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>number: </td>
<td>The number of a journal, magazine, technical report, or of a work in a series. An issue of a journal or magazine is usually identified by its volume and number; the organization that issues a technical report usually gives it a number; and sometimes books are given numbers in a named series.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>organization: </td>
<td>The organization that sponsors a conference or publishes a manual.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pages:</td>
<td>One or more page numbers or ranges of number, such as 37--42, or 7,53,82--94.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>price:</td>
<td>The price of the material.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>publisher:</td>
<td>The publisher's name.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>school:</td>
<td>The name of the school where a thesis was written.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>series:</td>
<td>Then name given a series or set of books. When citing an entire book, the title field gives its title and the optional series field gives the name of a series in which the book was published.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>size:</td>
<td>The physical dimensions of the work.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>title:</td>
<td>The work's title.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>type:</td>
<td>The type of technical report - for example,
"Research Note".</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>url:</td>
<td>The WWW Universal Resource Locator that points to the item being referenced. Often used for technical reports to point to the FTP site where it resides.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>volume:</td>
<td>The volume of a journal or multivolume book.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>year:</td>
<td>The year of publication or, for an unpublished work, the year it was written. It should only consist of numerals, such as 1976.</td>
</tr>
</table>

=== BibTeX citation Types ===
A reference can be to any of a variety of types. Following is a list of types. Each one also explains the fields associated with that type. Any fields not listed as required or optional are considered to be ignored.
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>article:</td>
<td>An article from a journal or magazine. Required fields: author, title, journal, year. Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>book:</td>
<td>A book with an explicit publisher. Required fields: author or editor, title, publisher, year. Optional fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>booklet: </td>
<td>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, howpublished, address, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>collection:</td>
<td>A collection of works. Same as Proceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>conference:</td>
<td>The same as Inproceedings.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inbook:</td>
<td>A part of a book, which may be a chapter and/or arange of pages. Required fields: author or editor, title, chapter and/or pages, publisher, year. Optional fields: volumer, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>incollection:</td>
<td>A part of a book with its own title. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, publisher, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inproceedings:</td>
<td>An article in a conference proceedings. Required fields: author, title, booktitle, year. Optional fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>manual: </td>
<td>Technical documentation. Required fields: title. Optional fields: author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mastersthesis:</td>
<td>A Master's thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>misc:</td>
<td>Use this type when nothing else fits. Required fields: none. Optional fields: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>patent:</td>
<td>A patent.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>phdthesis:</td>
<td>A Ph.D. thesis. Required fields: author, title, school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>proceedings:</td>
<td>The proceedings of a conference. Required fields: title, year. Optional fields: editor, publisher, organization, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>techreport:</td>
<td>A report published by a school or other institution, usually numbered within a series. Required fields: author, title, institution, year. Optional fields: type, number, address, month, note, key.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unpublished:</td>
<td>A document with an author and title, but not formally published. Required fields: author, title, note. Optional fields: month, year, key.</td>
</tr>
</table>

==== Examples ====
<pre><nowiki>
@book{kn:gnus,

AUTHOR = "Donald E. Knudson",
TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
ADDRESS = {Novosibirsk} }

<div class="book" id="kn:gnus">
<div class="author">Donald E. Knudson</div>
<div class="title">1966 World Gnus Almanac</div>
<div class="publisher">Permafrost Press</div>
<div class="address">Novosibirsk</div>
</div>

@article{XAi_HSCheng_1994a,

author = "X. Ai and H. S. Cheng",
title = "Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts",
journal = "Tribol. Trans.",
volume = "37",
year = "1994",
pages = "323--335",
}

<div class="article" id="XAi_HSCheng_1994a">
<div class="author">X. Ai and H. S. Cheng</div>
<div class="title">Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts</div>
<div class="journal">Tribol. Trans.</div>
<div class="volume">37</div>
<div class="year">1994</div>
<div class="pages">323--335</div>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

== OpenURL ==

OpenURL aka [http://www.niso.org/standards/standard_detail.cfm?std_id=783 Z39.88] defines a standard way of bundling citation data in a URL. It is widely deployed in academic libraries around the world to provide access to licensed content via link resolvers such as [http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/sfx_openurl.htm SFX]. The Context Object in Span ([http://ocoins.info/ COinS]) community standard represents one way to embed OpenURLs in XHTML without including a resolver target.

<pre>
<nowiki>

</nowiki>
</pre>

As you can see this isn't very much like semantic XHTML at all. However significant work has gone into defining the set of Key/Encoded Values (KEVs) that can be used in various [http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats types] of citations: [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book book], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation dissertation], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal journal], [http://www.openurl.info/registry/docs/mtx/info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent patent]. It would be possible to simply provide a standard XHTML bundling for these keys as a microformat.

=== Example ===

<pre>
<nowiki>

<div class="openurl-journal">
Berners-Lee,
Tim</a>; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora.
"The Semantic Web".
Scientific American
284(5), pp.
pp. 34-43.
0036-8733
</div>

</nowiki>
</pre>

Using OpenURL in this way would enable third party applications that could, say grab citation metadata from a blog, and without much work fire it off at your university's or public libraries openurl resolver to see if the article is available via a licensed databases. The benefits [http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb050801-1.shtml have] [http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue43/chudnov/ been] [http://www.wallandbinkley.com/quaedam/?p=30 noted] [http://hublog.hubmed.org/archives/001163.html elsewhere].

A short explanation of [[OpenURL 1.0 (Z39.88)]]

== Z39.80 ==
I'm not sure the best place for a guide to Z39.80 so please add links as you see fit:

[http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/drft4rev.html]

== DocBook ==

A subset of the DocBook vocabulary is dedicated to representing a bibliography: http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/html/bibliography.html

<pre><nowiki>
<!DOCTYPE bibliography PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd">
<bibliography>
<title>Languages and Semantics</title>
<bibliodiv>
<title>Books</title>
<biblioentry>
<title>Course in General Linguistics</title>
<abbrev>deSaussure59</abbrev>
<author><firstname>Ferdinand</firstname><surname>de Saussure</surname></author>
<editor><firstname>Charles</firstname><surname>Bally</surname></editor>
<editor><firstname>Albert</firstname><surname>Sechehaye</surname></editor>
<othercredit role="translator"><firstname>Wade</firstname><surname>Baskin</surname></othercredit>
<copyright>
<year>1959</year>
<holder>The Philosophical Library Inc.</holder>
</copyright>
<isbn>07-016524-6</isbn>
<publisher>
<publishername>McGraw-Hill Book Company</publishername>
</publisher>
</biblioentry>
</bibliodiv>
</bibliography>
</nowiki></pre>

== Ann Arbor District Library XML feed ==

Here's a record in XML format from their project to simplify
access to the catalog. More discussion on [http://www.blyberg.net John Blyberg's blog].

<pre>
<nowiki>
<p:Record>
<callnum>823 Bu</callnum>
<author>Burkart, Gina, 1971-</author>
<fulltitle>A parent's guide to Harry Potter / Gina Burkart</fulltitle>
<title>A parent's guide to Harry Potter </title>
<pubinfo>Downers Grove, Ill. : InterVarsity Press, c2005</pubinfo>
<desc>112 p</desc>
<bibliography>Includes bibliographical references</bibliography>
<contents>
The Harry hype -- More than a story -- The modern fairy tale -- Discussing fantasy with children -- Morals, not magic -- The real issues in Harry Potter -- Dealing with traumatic experiences -- Facing fears -- Battling bullies -- Delving into diversity -- Hiding hurts -- Letting go of anger -- Getting help -- Choosing good over evil -- The power of love -- Facing spiritual battles
</contents>
<isbn>0830832882</isbn>
<price>$11.00</price>
<lang>eng</lang>
<copies>0</copies>
<catdate>08-16-2005</catdate>
<mattype>a</mattype>
<avail>No copies available</avail>
<recordlink xlink:href="http://www.aadl.org/cat/seek/record=1249810"/>
</p:Record>
</nowiki>
</pre>

== SimpleDC supported by the zoom toolkit ==

<pre>
<nowiki>
<dc xmlns="http/www.loc.gov/zing/srw/dcschema/v1.0/">
<title>Kantor Salomon Sulzer und seine Zeit : eine Dokumentation /</title>
<creator>Avenary, Hanoch.</creator>
<creator>Pass, Walter.</creator>
<creator>Vielmetti, Nikolaus.</creator>
<creator>Adler, Israel, (1925-)</creator>
<subject>Sulzer, Salomon, -- 1804-1890.</subject>
<subject>Jewish composers -- Austria -- Biography.</subject>
<subject>Cantors, Jewish -- Biography.</subject>
<date>1985</date>
<publisher>Sigmaringen : Jan Thorbecke Verlag</publisher>
<identifier>3799540636</identifier>
<description>300 p., [12] p. of plates : ill., music, ports. ; 24 cm.</description>
</dc>
</nowiki>
</pre>

this is the output of marc.toSimpleDC()

== SRU from the Library of Congress ==

http://z3950.loc.gov:7090/voyager?version=1.1&operation=searchRetrieve&query=dinosaur&maximumRecords=1&recordSchema=dc

<pre>
<nowiki>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<zs:searchRetrieveResponse xmlns:zs="http://www.loc.gov/zing/srw/"><zs:version>1.1</zs:version><zs:numberOfRecords>1701</zs:numberOfRecords><zs:records><zs:record><zs:recordSchema>info:srw/schema/1/dc-v1.1</zs:recordSchema><zs:recordPacking>xml</zs:recordPacking><zs:recordData><srw_dc:dc xmlns:srw_dc="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xsi:schemaLocation="info:srw/schema/1/dc-schema http://www.loc.gov/z3950/agency/zing/srw/dc-schema.xsd">
<title>3-D dinosaur adventure [computer file].</title>
<creator>Knowledge Adventure, Inc.</creator>
<type>software, multimedia</type>
<publisher>Glendale, CA : Knowledge Adventure,</publisher>

<date>c1995.</date>
<language>eng</language>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of paleontology. Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration, games, activities, and color illustrations.</description>
<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>System requirements for PC: 486SX/25MHz processor or higher; 8MB RAM; Windows 3.1, 3.11, or 95; SVGA 256-color graphics adapter; hard drive with 5MB free space; double-speed CD-ROM drive; MPC-compatible sound card; mouse.</description>
<description>System requirements for Macintosh: 68040 or Power PC processor; 8MB RAM; System 7.0 or higher; 256-color graphics capability; thirteen-inch color monitor or larger; hard drive with 4MB free space; double-speed CD-ROM drive.</description>

<description>Ages 5 to 10.</description>
<description>Employs a dinosaur theme-park setting to introduce users to Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. Features hypertext dinosaur encyclopedia covering 150 million years of paleontology. Includes animated video simulations, three-dimensional dinosaur museum, narration, games, activities, and color illustrations.</description>
<subject>Dinosaurs--Juvenile software.</subject>
<subject>Dinosaurs.</subject>
<identifier>URN:ISBN:1569972133</identifier>
</srw_dc:dc></zs:recordData><zs:recordPosition>1</zs:recordPosition></zs:record></zs:records></zs:searchRetrieveResponse>

</nowiki>
</pre>

== Types and Roles ==
(Section is informative only as a place to capture various parts of publication citations.)

There are many different types of publications and this information should be captured in the citation. Possible types include:
* Novel/fiction (specify type -- literature, sci-fi, romance, etc.?)
* Non-fiction
* Poem
* Play
* Magazine
* Reference (seperate out encyclopedia, dictionary, almanac, etc.?)
* Journal
* Article within a journal
* Chapter within a book
* Dissertation
* Web Site
* Page within a web site
* Music Recording
* Video Recording
* Interview
* Physical object (Statue, Painting, etc.)
* ??

Question:
Certain works have specific types of citations, for example, the Bible--and, I assume, other religious works--have very specific citation formats with different relevant information (chapter/verse) than others, as do the works of Shakespeare. Should these be considered seperate types/roles?

A: I think in terms of types, we should at least note the items (chapter, verse, etc). How they get dealt with is still way up in the air. - [[User:Tim White|Tim White]]

Likewise, there are several different roles associated with publications -- author, co-author, editor, translator, etc. Should these be captured under a master "role" or treated as individual elements?

A: Good question. I think there is an important distinction, but whether we follow a design pattern of "role-*" (or more likely "author-*) or some other pattern hasn't been discussed yet. - Tim