species-examples

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Species Examples

Examples of common and scientific names of living things, which could be marked up with a "species" (or similar) microformat. Note use of matching pairs of examples, where possible.

If you find a link which is not working, please replace it with a suitable alternative, rather than simply deleting it. Thank you.


binominals

Birds

Black-tailed Godwit on West Midland Bird Club's Ladywalk reserve latest news page 

<b class="bird">Black-tailed Godwit</b>

Limosa limosa on West Midland Bird Club's county lists' 

<td>Limosa limosa</td>

Mammal

Wolf on International Wolf Center

Fish

Northern pike on Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

Esox lucius on Pike & Zander

Insect

Death’s Head Hawkmoth on Animal Teachers

Acherontia atropos on UK Moths

Migrant Hawker (Aeshna mixta) on Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre

Arachnid

Araneus angulatus on Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre (this is a duplicate. BenWest 21:56, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT))

Plant

Bog Pimpernel on Map Reading's Wildflower Images

Anagallis tenella on BioImages

Persicaria campanulatum on rECOrd - The Biodiversity Information Centre for the Cheshire region

Fungi

Amanita muscaria on California Fungi

  • as Amanita muscaria (L. per Fr.) Hooker
  • as Amanita muscaria var. flavivolvata

Fly Agaric on Trees for Life

Rhodocollybia maculata (Albertini & Schweinitz: Fries) Singer on [1]

  • also written as Rhodocollybia maculata (Albertini & Schweinitz ex Fries) Singer
  • (This is where a post-Linnean author is given special rights (because his descriptions were comparatively complete - i.e. recognisable) so his interpretation of earlier names is taken as the sense meant by the original author. Think these used to be "apud" and are now "ex" although a colon has also been used. There are only a few sanctioning authors, the main one being Elias Fries.(Fr.) )

More than binominals

Authority

Pica pica Linnaeus, (1758) on Wikipedia: European Magpie

(i.e. named by Linnaeus in 1758)

Unspecified species

Podiceps sp. on Bird Life 

<i>Podiceps</i> sp.

Psyllid plant hopper on Ramblings of a Naturalist blog

Sub-species

Animal

Larus glaucoides kumlieni on BirdGuides

Kumlien's Gull on Birds Ireland

Plant

Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum on [2] (also has other examples; note lack of required italics) 

<b>Pisum sativum</b> L. subsp. <b>sativum</b>

Cultivars (plant)

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Aureomarginata' on Wikipedia: Cultivar 

<dd><i>Chamaecyparis lawsoniana</i> 'Aureomarginata'</dd>

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Golden Wonder' on plantago.nl

Cultivar groups (plant)

Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group on Wikipedia: Cultivar

Trade names (plant)

Rosa Peace on Wikipedia: Cultivar

("Peace" is a trade designation or "selling name" for the cultivar R. 'Madame A. Meilland' and should therefore be printed in a different typeface from the rest of the name, without any quote marks)

Sunflower 'Giant Single' on Johnsons Seeds

Sunflower 'Infrared' F1 on Johnsons Seeds

(Note "F1" cross designation)

Variety (plant)

Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon on Dave's Garden

Sub-variety (plant)

Betula ermani var. genuina subvar. brevidentata on National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens, Gloucestershire Group (plus many other examples)

Form (plant)

Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. klimpelianum on Wikipedia: form (botany)

  • aka Acanthocalycium spiniflorum forma klimpelianum

Sense (plant)

Ranunculus aquatilis s.l. and R. aquatilis s.s; on Blithfield Reservoir: Survey of Flowering Plants... (see also footnotes on that page)

Cross (plant)

Digitalis x mertonensis on Hortax

The hybrid name for all plants derived from the cross between D. purpurea and D. grandiflora. The "x" indicates the hybrid status.

× Fatshedera lizei on Scientific Plant Names, Oregon State Univ., Landscape Plants

Strain (bacteria)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 on FDA.gov

E.Coli on BBC news

Misc

Superseded names

Tringa bartramia superseded by Bartramia longicauda on West Midland Bird Club's Upland Sandpiper article

GUID

NBN Taxon Key for European Otter, Lutra lutra, on NBN Species Dictionary: NBNSYS0000005133

LSID (Life Science Indicator) for Popillia japonica on uBio: urn:lsid:ubio.org:namebank:3377001

Wikipedia

Black-tailed Godwit on Wikipedia: Black-tailed Godwit

Wikipedia uses several sets of markup, e.g. (in-line styles and links, plus some other markup, removed, for clarity): 

<p>The <b>Black-tailed Godwit</b>, <i>Limosa limosa</i>

and: 

<tr>
	<td>Kingdom:</td>
	<td>Animalia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Phylum:</td>
	<td>Chordata</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Class:</td>
	<td>Aves</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Order:</td>
	<td>Charadriiformes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Family:</td>
	<td>Scolopacidae</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Genus:</td>
	<td>Limosa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Species:</td>
	<td>L. limosa</td>
</tr>

<tr>
	<th>binominal name</th>
</tr>
<tr>
	<td>Limosa limosa</i>
	<td>(Linnaeus, 1758)</td>
</tr>

Quantitative evidence

For evidence of quantitative, rather than qualitative, use of species' and other taxonomic names, see [3] and [4]. Furthermore:

  • ARKive - 2000 species ("It is ARKive's current aim to compile audio-visual records, where such media exists, for the 15,000-plus species currently threatened with extinction, according to the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.")
  • Animal Diversity Web - "Thousands of species accounts [plus] descriptions of levels of organization above the species level, especially phyla, classes, and in some cases, orders and families. Hundreds of hyperlinked pages and images illustrate the traits and general biology of these groups"
  • uBio
    • NameBank is a repository of millions of recorded biological names and facts that link those names together.
    • ClassificationBank stores multiple classifications and taxonomic concepts that are the result of expert opinions. It extends the functionality of NameBank.
  • Discover Life - "contains 306,553 species. The Polistes Foundation and its scientific partners plan to add high-quality identification guides, maps, images, and text for a million species by 2012. [...] Each month Discover Life serves approximately 3 million pages and images to 70,000 IP addresses"
  • rECOrd (the Local Biological Records Centre serving the Cheshire region of England) - 1.6 million species records available online for the public to search and map

Planned sites

  • Herbaria United (part of The website of the Botanical Collection Managers Group (BCMG), a specialist group of the Linnean Society of London) - "The UK has the world's largest and oldest collections of herbarium specimens held in trust by museums and universities. A new project is just getting underway to put all this online."

Notable websites

These high-profile websites use species names

  • Encyclopaedia Britannica - all species, e.g.
  • Nature Network, Boston
    • The student and the squid N.B. site already supports rel-tag, hCard for user profiles and hCalendar for marking up events across the site.
  • Snopes (Urban Legends Reference Pages)
  • United States of America Government
    • ITIS, e.g. Passer Domesticus - "authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world"

Breaking news

Use in blogs

And finally...

Gary Larson, in his book The Far Side Gallery (Warner Books, 1980, ISBN 0751502367) has a cartoon, showing two entomologists sitting down to eat dinner in a jungle. One says to the other "Hey! What's this Drosophila melanogaster doing in my soup?"


Grouped By Publisher

West Midland Bird Club

<b class="bird">Black-tailed Godwit</b>
<td>Limosa limosa</td>


species.mediawiki.org

species.mediawiki.org media bird . 

<dd>Regnum: <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> (Metazoa)
<dl>
<dd>Subregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a>
<dl>
<dd>Superphylum: Bilateria: <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a>
<dl>
<dd>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a>
<dl>

<dd>Subphylum: <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a>
<dl>
<dd>Classis: <a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Aves</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subclassis: <a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">Neognathae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Ordo: <a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subordo: <a href="/wiki/Charadrii" title="Charadrii">Charadrii</a>

<dl>
<dd>Familia: <a href="/wiki/Charadriidae" title="Charadriidae">Charadriidae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Charadriinae" title="Charadriinae">Charadriinae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Genus: <i><a href="/wiki/Charadrius" title="Charadrius">Charadrius</a></i>
<dl>
<dd>Species: <i><strong class="selflink">Charadrius dubius</strong></i>
<dl>

<dd>Subspecies: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_curonicus&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius curonicus">C. d. curonicus</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_dubius&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius dubius">C. d. dubius</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_jerdoni&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius jerdoni">C. d. jerdoni</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_papuanus&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius papuanus">C. d. papuanus</a></i></dd>


...
  • Comments
    • This feels similar to tagging to me. This particular example has a resolves the whole heirarchy, correct? BenWest 17:57, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)
      • In what way is it similar to tagging? Your question cannot be parsed. AndyMabbett 04:10, 22 Oct 2006 (PDT)

International Wolf Center

Wolf Example

  • Comments
    • The word "wolf" appears all over, a brief look only revealed "delist

wolves" as more resolution in some free text. Is this a good example of how species data is marked up on the web? BenWest 22:20, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)


Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

Northern Pike Example 

<h1 class="last">Northern pike</h1>

Pike & Zander

Pike & Zander 

The Pike is known worldwide, a species of the family Esocidae...


In Europe and Asia, Esox lucius had to...
  • Comments
    • Free text, in paragraph elements.


funkman.org

Death's Head Hawkmoth Example Free text in paragraph elements.


UK Moths

Acherontia atropos 

 
<i>Acherontia atropos</i>

 
<div id="title">Sphingidae: Sphinginae</div>

 
(<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>)

Cirsium arvense Key 

 
<b>Key to leaf-feeding micro-moth larvae on creeping thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>)</b>

 
1076 <a href="show.php?bf=1076"><i>Celypha lacunana</i></a>. A very common polyphage, but too many varieties to include.

 
1380 <a href="show.php?bf=1380"><i>Phlyctaenia perlucidalis</i></a>. No larval description or photographs available Feb. 2004.<br>

 

 
814a <i>Scrobipalpa pauperella</i>. No larval description or photographs available Feb. 2004.
  • Comments
    • Use of <i> to italicize. Use of scientific names and latin. BenWest 22:20, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)
    • Again, two next to last examples look like tagging. BenWest 22:20, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)

Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre

Migrant Hawker (Aeshna mixta) 

 
include a <strong>White Admiral</strong> (<i>Limenitis camilla</i>), an <i><a href="http://www.britishspiders.org.uk/html/nbn.php?spn=375">Araneus angulatus</a></i>,

All common names are in strong elements, the species is in an italic element, with resolution as link text, which turns out to be a fairly consistent convention on this particular site.

  • Comments
    • Again, some part of the resolution is the link text to a resource presumably

considered authoritative. Resembles tagging. This particular site also puts common names in a strong tag, with the species in an italic tag.


TODO: remove, or at least coalesce free text examples. create a commonalities section. BenWest 22:20, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT) TODO: I've been working down the examples list, item by item to reorganize by publisher, like the other *-examples pages have done. So far, I've gone from the top of binominals to the top of the Plant section. It's a Saturday night and time to have some fun so.... If someone continues this work before I get a chance to continue, please note where you left off. BenWest 22:20, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)

Alternative Grouping By Strategy

I'd like to regroup these examples... perhaps by publishing strategy instead of a list of what is being published. Should this be available as an alternate grouping section? In the mean time, a grouping by publisher would help analysis go smoother. BenWest 17:57, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)

I looked at several examples. Several of them feel like tagging to me. Should we attempt to note what level or resolution is available in each example?

Tagging

The [wiki media bird example] is particularly interesting. 

<dd>Regnum: <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> (Metazoa)
<dl>
<dd>Subregnum: <a href="/wiki/Eumetazoa" title="Eumetazoa">Eumetazoa</a>
<dl>
<dd>Superphylum: Bilateria: <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia">Deuterostomia</a>
<dl>
<dd>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a>
<dl>

<dd>Subphylum: <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a>
<dl>
<dd>Classis: <a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Aves</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subclassis: <a href="/wiki/Neognathae" title="Neognathae">Neognathae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Ordo: <a href="/wiki/Charadriiformes" title="Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subordo: <a href="/wiki/Charadrii" title="Charadrii">Charadrii</a>

<dl>
<dd>Familia: <a href="/wiki/Charadriidae" title="Charadriidae">Charadriidae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Subfamily: <a href="/wiki/Charadriinae" title="Charadriinae">Charadriinae</a>
<dl>
<dd>Genus: <i><a href="/wiki/Charadrius" title="Charadrius">Charadrius</a></i>
<dl>
<dd>Species: <i><strong class="selflink">Charadrius dubius</strong></i>
<dl>

<dd>Subspecies: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_curonicus&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius curonicus">C. d. curonicus</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_dubius&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius dubius">C. d. dubius</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_jerdoni&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius jerdoni">C. d. jerdoni</a></i> - <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charadrius_dubius_papuanus&action=edit" class="new" title="Charadrius dubius papuanus">C. d. papuanus</a></i></dd>


...

This feels similar to tagging to me. This particular example has a resolves the whole heirarchy, correct? BenWest 17:57, 21 Oct 2006 (PDT)


Contributors

See also

species-brainstorming

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