media-metadata-examples-fr: Difference between revisions

From Microformats Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
m (Reverted edits by LaelpAslam (Talk) to last version by Brian)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 206: Line 206:


* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf  
* '''iTunes podcast:''' http://phobos.apple.com/static/podcast_specifications.pdf  
(version HTML de la spec : [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How To Publish a Podcast on iTunes Music Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])
(version HTML de la spec : [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/How%20To%20Publish%20a%20Podcast%20on%20iTunes%20Music%20Store.html local archive], [http://labs.commerce.net/~rohit/iTunesRSS.html updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs], [http://phobos.apple.com/static/iTunesRSS.html online copy at Apple])


iTunes v. 4.9 a été largement proclamé comme une avance pour l'acceptation du podcasting par le plus grand nombre. Néanmoins, alors que quelques avocats résistent même au fragment d'un nom en marque déposé pour le phénomène, l'utilisation de "itunes": dans l'espace-nom est l'une des nombreuses décisions de design ans la spécification originale d'Apple devenu le principal objet du débat. Alors qu'Apple a une tradition de travailler tranquillement sur des fonctionnalités innovantes, ils se sont montrés ouverts aux inputs du public après sa version initiale. Beaucoup [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket d'autres blogueurs] ont [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chroniqué] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes quelques-unes des réactions], tout comme quelques [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 discussions en face à face].
iTunes v. 4.9 a été largement proclamé comme une avance pour l'acceptation du podcasting par le plus grand nombre. Néanmoins, alors que quelques avocats résistent même au fragment d'un nom en marque déposé pour le phénomène, l'utilisation de "itunes": dans l'espace-nom est l'une des nombreuses décisions de design ans la spécification originale d'Apple devenu le principal objet du débat. Alors qu'Apple a une tradition de travailler tranquillement sur des fonctionnalités innovantes, ils se sont montrés ouverts aux inputs du public après sa version initiale. Beaucoup [http://daringfireball.net/2005/07/podcast_pocket d'autres blogueurs] ont [http://usefulinc.com/edd/blog/contents/2005/06/28-rss-apple-itunes/read chroniqué] [http://www.intertwingly.net/blog/2005/07/05/Insensitive-iTunes quelques-unes des réactions], tout comme quelques [http://tantek.com/log/2005/07.html#d10t0130 discussions en face à face].
Line 240: Line 240:
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
         <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Authorship</td>
         <td><ul><li>
         <td><ul><li>&lt;atom:author&gt;</li><li>&lt;atom:contributor&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;itunes:author&gt;</li><li>&lt;itunes:owner&gt;</li><li>&lt;itunes:name&gt;</li><li>&lt;itunes:email&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td>&lt;media:credit&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;copyright&gt; <br /> &lt;author&gt; <br /> &lt;source&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><ul><li>&lt;cite&gt;</li><li>[[hcard|hCard]]</li><li>[[rel-author]]</li><li>[[rev-author]]</li><li>&lt;address&gt;</li></ul><p>need a way of specifying the <em>role</em> of the <em>author</em> or <em>contributor</em>.</p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Categorization</td>
        <td>&lt;atom:category&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:category&gt; <br /> &lt;itunes:keywords&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:category&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;category&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]] - requires a way to do sub categories?</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Description</td>
        <td>&lt;atom:summary&gt; <br /> &lt;atom:content&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:subtitle&gt; <br /> &lt;itunes:summary&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:text&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;description&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">XHTML (e.g. <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> )</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Licensing</td>
        <td>&lt;atom:copyright&gt; <br /> &lt;atom:rights&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:block&gt; <br /> &lt;copyright&gt; <br /> &lt;link&gt;</td>
        <td>Not explicitly mentioned</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;ttl&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-license]]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Metadata</td>
        <td></td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:duration&gt; <br /> &lt;itunes:image&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:thumbnail&gt; <br /> &lt;media:hash&gt; <br /> <pre>&lt;media:content
url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
fileSize="12216320"
type="video/quicktime"
isDefault="true"
expression="full"
bitrate="128"
framerate="25"
duration="185"
height="200"
width="300"
/&gt;</pre></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>needs a new microformat</em> <br /> e.g., <dl><dt>proposal for duration</dt><dd><pre>&lt;abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35"&gt;
27 minutes, 35 seconds
&lt;/abbr&gt;</pre>
-- [[User:jkinberg|jkinberg]] 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))
</dd></dl></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Preview</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td><strong>For Video Media</strong>: <br /> &lt;media:thumbnail&gt; <br /><br /> <strong>For Audio Media</strong>: <br /> <em>nothing</em></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat for this</em>
<dl><dt>proposal for video preview</dt><dd><pre>&lt;img class="preview" src="..." /&gt;</pre>
-- [[User:Charles|Charles]]
</dd></dl></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Rating</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:explicit&gt;</td>
        <td><s>&lt;media:adult&gt;</s> &lt;media:rating&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;rating&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-tag]]</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Title</td>
        <td>&lt;atom:title&gt; <br /> &lt;atom:subtitle&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;itunes:subtitle&gt; <br /> &lt;title&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:title&gt; <br /> &lt;title&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;title&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">
            <ul>
                <li>&lt;h1&gt;...&lt;/h1&gt;</li>
                <li>&lt;h2&gt;...&lt;h2&gt;</li>
                <li>&lt;h3&gt;...&lt;/h3&gt;</li>
                <li>&lt;h4&gt;...&lt;/h4&gt;</li>
                <li>&lt;h5&gt;...&lt;/h5&gt;</li>
                <li>&lt;h6&gt;...&lt;/h6&gt;</li>
                <li>title="..."</li>
                <li>Microformats with class="title"</li>
            </ul>
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td colspan="7">&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Show</em> Concept</td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;atom:feed&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&nbsp;rel="self"&nbsp;href="..."&nbsp;/&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;channel&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;channel&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td>A M3U file.</td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;channel&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Episode</em> Concept</td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;atom:entry&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&nbsp;rel="alternate"&nbsp;href="..."&nbsp;/&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;item&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;item&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td>A single URL line.</td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;item&gt;</li><li>&lt;link&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Media</em> Concept</td>
        <td><ul><li>&lt;atom:link&nbsp;rel="enclosure"&nbsp;href="..."&nbsp;/&gt;</li><li>also... dependent on <em>type</em> of data embedded in or referenced from &lt;atom:content&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td>&lt;enclosure&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:content&gt;</td>
        <td>Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line.</td>
        <td>&lt;enclosure&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">&lt;img&gt; <br /> &lt;a href=""&gt; <br /> &lt;object&gt; <br /> &lt;embed&gt; </td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 
 
== Vidéo ==
* [http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF EXIF] - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
* [http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm MPEG-7] - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL] - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it.  -- [[User:ChristopherA|ChristopherA]] 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
*  [[video-metadata-model| Video Metadata Model - un point de départ]]
 
== Interactive ==
* [http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ SVG]
* [http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/ SMIL]
* QTVR ?
 
== Média Hors ligne ==
* [http://xspf.org XSPF] (media may be either offline or online)
 
=== Publications Imprimées (livres/magazines) ===
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]
 
=== Films ===
* [http://imdb.com/ IMDB]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]
 
=== Musique ===
* [http://freedb.org/ FreeDB]
* [http://musicbrainz.org/ MusicBrainz]
* [http://amazon.com/ Amazon]
 
== Formats Conteneurs ==
The purpose of <strong>container formats</strong> is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.
 
The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can <em>stream</em> the file and <em>view it</em> without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.
 
Container formats include:
* AVI
* MPEG
* Ogg
* QuickTime
 
 
=== Tableau de Comparaison de Format Conteneurs  ===
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
    <tr>
        <th>Aspect</th>
        <th>AVI</th>
        <th>MPEG</th>
        <th>Ogg</td>
        <th>QuickTime</th>
        <th>Microformat?</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Audio</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Video</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Allows Text</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Error Detection</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 
 
=== Notes pour les Microformats ===
One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).
 
For example, Ogg files use the MIME type <em>application/ogg</em> and generally use the extension <em>.ogg</em>.  With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.
 
There is room for a microformat to help with this.  Perhaps something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;">&lt;a <strong style="background-color:yellow;color:black;">class="moving-image"</strong> type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg"&gt;...&lt;/a&gt;</div>
Although, this can be done in other ways too.  For example, using [http://changelog.ca/log/2005/08/21/rss-disposition-hinting-proposal disposition hinting] one could do something like:
<div style="font-family:monospace;white-space:pre;padding:1.5em;background-color:black;color:white;">&lt;a <strong style="background-color:yellow;color:black;">type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image"</strong> href="my.ogg"&gt;...&lt;/a&gt;</div>
 
Anothing thing for any Microformat to consider is that it may be the case that the data files that are muxed in the container format may also be offered in non-muxed forms.  This is important when <em>alternatives</em> are offered.
 
 
== Formats Audio ==
 
Audio formats include:
* AAC
* MP3
* PCM WAV
* Speex
* Vorbis
* WMA
 
 
=== Tableau de Comparaison de Formats Audio ===
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
    <tr>
        <th>Aspect</th>
        <th>AAC</th>
        <th>MP3</th>
        <th>PCM WAV</td>
        <th>Speex</th>
        <th>Vorbis</th>
        <th>WMA</th>
        <th>Microformat?</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossless</td>
        <td>No</td>
        <td>No</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>No</td>
        <td></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Lossy</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>No</td>
        <td>No</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Streamable</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td></td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"></td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 
=== Notes pour les Microformats ===
* Knowing whether audio data is <em>streamable</em> or not can affect <em>pre-fetching</em>.  And can be a metric used when alternatives of the <em>same file</em> is given.
* Having audio data marked as <em>lossy</em> or <em>lossless</em> can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.
 
 
== Formats de Lecture ==
Playing formats include:
* ASX
* Atom
* Atom+SMIL
* Atomic RSS
* Atomic RSS+SMIL
* Extended M3U
* HTML+Time
* iTunes RSS
* KPL
* M3U
* MAGMA
* Media RSS
* PLS
* RAM
* RSS 2.0
* SMIL
* WAX
* WVX
 
 
=== Tableau Comparatif Format de Lecture ===
<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid grey;">
    <tr>
        <th>Aspect</th>
        <th>ASX</th>
        <th>Atom</th>
        <th>Atom+SMIL</th>
        <th>Atomic&nbsp;RSS</th>
        <th>Atomic&nbsp;RSS+SMIL</th>
        <th>Extended&nbsp;M3U</th>
        <th>HTML+Time</th>
        <th>iTunes&nbsp;RSS</th>
        <th>Media&nbsp;RSS</th>
        <th>M3U</td>
        <th>RSS&nbsp;2.0</th>
        <th>Microformat?</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Alternatives</em> Playing</td>
        <td></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>&lt;smil:switch&gt;</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td>&lt;media:group&gt;</td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td><em>nothing</em></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Parallel</em> Playing</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;"><em>Sequence</em> Playing</td>
        <td></td>
        <td>if you consider the Atom file a <em>show</em>, then <em>nothing</em>.  if you consider the Atom file an <em>episode</em>, then the list of &lt;atom:entry&gt;'s provides a sequence.</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>&lt;smil:seq&gt;</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>if you consider the RSS file a <em>show</em>, then <em>nothing</em>.  if you consider the RSS file an <em>episode</em>, then the list of &lt;item&gt;'s provides a sequence.</td>
        <td>if you consider the RSS file a <em>show</em>, then <em>nothing</em>.  if you consider the RSS file an <em>episode</em>, then the list of &lt;item&gt;'s provides a sequence.</td>
        <td>if you consider the M3U file a <em>show</em>, then <em>nothing</em>.  if you consider the M3U file an <em>episode</em>, then the URL lines provide a sequence.</td>
        <td>if you consider the RSS file a <em>show</em>, then <em>nothing</em>.  if you consider the RSS file an <em>episode</em>, then the list of &lt;item&gt;'s provides a sequence.</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;"><em>need a new microformat</em></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="background-color:darkorange;color:black;font-weight:bold;">Pre-Fetching</td>
        <td></td>
        <td>&lt;link rel="enclosure" href="..." /&gt;</td>
        <td><ul><li style="white-space:pre;">&lt;link rel="enclosure" href="..." /&gt;</li><li>&lt;smil:prefetch&gt;</li></ul></td>
        <td>&lt;link rel="enclosure" href="..." /&gt;</td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td></td>
        <td>&lt;enclosure&gt;</td>
        <td>&lt;media:content&gt;</td>
        <td>The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line.  Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list.</td>
        <td>&lt;enclosure&gt;</td>
        <td style="background-color:#eeeeee;color:black;">[[rel-enclosure]]</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 
 
== Formats Images Graphiques ==
Raster graphic formats include:
* GIF
* PNG
* JPEG
 
 
== Formats Vectoriels Graphiques ==
Vector graphic formats include:
* SVG
 
= Formats &amp; Protocoles =
 
== AAC ==
<strong>AAC</strong> (<strong>Advanced Audio Coding</strong>) is a lossy audio format.  Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard.  Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products.  This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call <em>Apple Audio Codec</em>.
 
Références:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding
 
== ASF ==
<strong>ASF</strong> is an Audio/Video format.  ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.
 
References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Streaming_Format
 
== Atom ==
<strong>Atom</strong> is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.
 
Références :
* http://atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/
* [http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html RFC 3339]
 
== Atom+SMIL ==
<strong>Atom+SMIL</strong> is Atom with SMIL used in the &lt;atom:content&gt;.
 
(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".  Also see <em>Atomic RSS+SMIL</em>)
 
== Atomic RSS ==
<strong>Atomic RSS</strong> is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.
 
References:
* http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2005/07/27/Atomic-RSS
 
== Atomic RSS+SMIL ==
<strong>Atomic RSS+SMIL</strong> is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the &lt;atom:content&gt;.
 
(This was originally used by [http://changelog.ca/ Charles Iliya Krempeaux] for "Internet TV".)
 
== AVI ==
<strong>AVI</strong> is a container format for Audio/Video formats.
 
References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVI
 
== B4S ==
<strong>B4S</strong> is a playlist format.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#B4S
 
== BitTorrent ==
<strong>BitTorrent</strong> is a P2P protocol.
 
References:
* http://www.bittorrent.com/protocol.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent
* http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentFAQ
 
== Creative Commons RDF ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Creative
 
== DAAP ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#DAAP
 
== Extended M3U ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
* http://hanna.pyxidis.org/tech/m3u.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3U
 
== FLAC ==
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)
* http://flac.sourceforge.net/
 
== GIF ==
<strong>GIF</strong> is a raster graphics format and a movie format.
 
== HTML+Time ==
 
References:
* http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-HTMLplusTIME
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#HTML
 
== HTTP ==
 
References:
* http://www.w3.org/Protocols/
 
== iTunes Library ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#iTunes
 
== iTunes RSS ==
 
References:
* http://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/techspecs.html
 
== JPEG ==
<strong>JPEG</strong> is a raster graphics format.
 
== Kapsule ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#Kapsule
 
== KPL ==
<strong>KPL</strong> is a playlist format.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#KPL
 
== M3U ==
<strong>M3U</strong> is a playlist format.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#M3U
 
== MAGMA ==
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#MAGMA
 
== Media RSS ==
<strong>Media RSS</strong> is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the <em>Media RSS Module</em>.
 
== MKV/MKA ==
Matroska <strong>MKV/MKA</strong> are video and audio containers, respectively.
* http://www.matroska.org/
 
== MNG ==
<strong>MNG</strong> is a Video format.
 
== MP3 ==
<strong>MP3</strong> is an Audio format.
 
== MPEG ==
<strong>ASF</strong> is an Audio/Video format.
 
== MusicBrainz ==
 
References:
* [http://www.MusicBrainz.org MusicBrainz.org]
* [http://wiki.musicbrainz.org MusicBrainz wiki]
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#musicbrainz
 
== Ogg ==
<strong>Ogg</strong> is a media container format.
 
References:
* http://xiph.org/ogg/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3533.txt RFC 3533] - The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0
* [http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/rfc3534.txt RFC 3534] - The application/ogg Media Type
 
== PLS ==
<strong>PLS</strong> is a playlist format.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#PLS
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS_(file_format)
 
== RAM ==
<strong>RAM</strong> is a playlist format.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#RAM
 
== RSS 2.0 ==
<strong>RSS 2.0</strong> is the defacto standard syndication format.
 
References:
* http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/RSS
 
== RTSP ==
 
References:
* http://www.rtsp.org/
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889.txt RFC 1889]
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Time_Streaming_Protocol
 
== SMIL ==
 
References:
* http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/
 
== Speex ==
 
References:
* http://www.speex.org/
 
== SVG ==
<strong>SVG</strong> is a vector graphics format.
 
== Theora ==
<strong>Theora</strong> is an Audio/Video format/
 
References:
* http://www.theora.org/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theora
 
== Vorbis ==
<strong>Vorbis</strong> is an Audio format.
 
References:
* http://xiph.org/vorbis/
* http://vorbis.com/
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis
 
== WAX ==
<strong>WAX</strong> is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WAX
 
== WMA ==
<strong>WMA</strong> is an Audio format.
 
References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio
 
== WMV ==
<strong>WMV</strong> is an Audio/Video format.
 
References:
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Media_Video
 
== WVX ==
<strong>WVX</strong> is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.
 
References:
* http://gonze.com/playlists/playlist-format-survey.html#WVX
 
= Commentaires =
 
* Voir le document séparé sur [[media-metadata-issues]]
** à traduire sur [[media-metadata-issues-fr]] -- [[Christophe Ducamp]]
 
= Voir aussi  =
 
* [[video-metadata-models]]
** à traduire vers [[video-metadata-models-fr]]

Latest revision as of 19:38, 3 January 2009

Ceci est une page exploratoire à utiliser pour le stockage de différentes données multimédia et profils de métodonnées, formats et pratiques actuellement utilisés sur le web. Parce que c'est le tout tout début de l'exploration, nous devrions inclure autant de types de multimédia que possible dans la discussion ouverte - mais svp assurez-vous de déposer votre information dans la portion correcte de cette page.

Objectif de cette exploration (ou : le Problème)

L'objectif des études sur cette page est de déterminer la faisabilité et la demande pour un format sémantique de balisage flexible pour les paradigmes en rapport avec le multimédia.

Ceci couvre des choses comme :

  • Fournir des métdonnées associées à des fichiers liés multimédia.

    Typiquement, la métadonnées multimédia est stockée dans le titre du fichier média lui-même - qui a des implications massives pour toute application où la métadonnée doit être indexée, cherchée ou rendue accessible à l'extérieur. Bien sûr, même si vous pourriez facilement accéder aux portions correctes d'un fichier média à distance, vous devriez encore coopérer avec une multitude de formats de métadonnées ouverts et propriétaires, chacun avec son ensemble de champs distinct, sa méthode de nomenclature et de stockage.

  • Ce qui est appelé : Internet TV, IPTV, NewTube, vlogging, vidblogging, vidlogging, vodcasting, etc.
  • Ce qui est appelé : Podcasting, IPradio, etc.

Cette étude a pour but de produire un démarrage pour résoudre ce problème.

Contributeurs

Ces types ont contribué à des exemples du vrai-monde et à la recherche dans ce document et sont intéressés pour aider à trouver une solution.

  • Christopher Allen
  • Dougal Campbell
  • Dr. Ernie
  • Rohit Khare
  • Ryan King
  • Kevin Marks
  • Lisa Rein
  • Dan Glegg
  • Chris Messina
  • Charles Iliya Krempeaux

Si vous contribuez sur de nouveaux exemples du vrai monde ou dans la recherche, et souhaitez aider à trouver une solution, ajoutez votre nom.

Exemples sur le Web aujourd'hui

Ci-dessous une liste de modèles de paille fondés sur des exemples du vrai monde. (les liens vers de véritables exemples ont été mis parce que beaucoup d'entre eux ont été trouvés sur des sites d'adultes, et il est admis que ce serait inapproprié de les lister ici. -- Charles)

Show Strawman #1

Clip simple avec une image de prévisualisation. Le clip est le show complet.

   
    <a href="clip.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>
    


Show Strawman #2

Clip simple avec une image de prévisualisation. Le clip est le teaser du show coplet. Et il y a un lien que vous pouvez suivre pour payer le show complet.

   
    <a href="teaser.mpeg"><img src="preview.png" /></a>

    <a href="http://exemple.com/go">Payez pour Regarder</a>
    


Show Strawman #3

Un show divisé en plusieurs clips, chacun avec une image prévisualisation. Ensemble les clips forment le show.

   
    <a href="clip-1.mpg"><img src="preview-1.png" /></a>

    <a href="clip-2.mpg"><img src="preview-2.png" /></a>

    <a href="clip-3.mpg"><img src="preview-3.png" /></a>
    


Show Strawman #4

Un ensemble de teasers pour un show. Ensemble il ne forment pas la totalité du show. et ils peuvent ou ne peuvent pas se chevaucher dans le temps. Il y a aussi un lien "Pay to View".

   
    <a href="clip-blue.mpg"><img src="preview-blue.png" /></a>

    <a href="clip-red.mpg"><img src="preview-red.png" /></a>

    <a href="clip-green.mpg"><img src="preview-green.png" /></a>


    <a href="http://example.com/go">Pay to View</a>
    


Show Strawman #5

Un clip unique qui arrive en différents formats. (Pourrait être un teaser, un clip, ou une émission complète.)

   
    <img src="preview.png" />
    <a href="clip.mpg">MPEG</a>
    <a href="clip.ogm">Ogg</a>
    <a href="clip.avi">AVI</a>
    


Show Strawman #6

Une image de prévisualisation unique avec l'émission donnée dans deux méthodes différentes. La première est l'émission divisée en une série de morceaux (qui la rend plus facile à télécharger). Et la seconde est la totalité de l'émission en un fichier.

   
    <img src="preview.png" />

    <a href="part-1.mpg">[1]</a>
    <a href="part-2.mpg">[2]</a>
    <a href="part-3.mpg">[3]</a>

    <a href="full.mpg">full</a>
    


Show Strawman #7

Un clip unique avec une image de prévisualisation. Le titre de l'émission est donnée dans une image (et de ce fait le titre véritable lisible par une machine est le alt attribute de l'image) et est lié avec l'URL principale de l'émission. Il y a aussi un lien vers des épisodes plus anciens de l'émission.

   
    <a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

    <a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>

    <a href="older-shows">older shows</a>
    


Show Strawman #8

Une série de clips avec des images de prévisualisation. Le titre du show est donnée avec une image (et de ce fait le titre véritable lisible par une machine est l'attribut alt de l'image) et est lié à l'url principale du show. Il y a aussi des liens vers les épisodes plus anciens et nouveaux du show.

   
    <a href="..."><img src="the-name-of-the-show-png" alt="The Name of the Show" /></a>

    <a href="episode123-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode123-preview.png" /></a>
    <a href="episode122-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode122-preview.png" /></a>
    <a href="episode121-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode121-preview.png" /></a>
    <a href="episode120-clip.mpeg"><img src="episode120-preview.png" /></a>

    <a href="newer-shows">[next]</a>
    <a href="older-shows">[previous]</a>
    


Show Strawman #9

Une série d'images de prévisualisation. Le titre du show est donné dans le texte. Un lien vers tous les fichiers de l'émission via un torrent. D'autres métadonnées sont aussi généralement incluses, en texte clair ; quelques-unes sont montrées ici. Aussi, parfois la métadonnée est placée dans la description.

   
    The Name of the Show

    <img src="preview1.png" />
    <img src="preview2.png" />

    <a href="show.torrent">...</a>

    Torrent Info Hash: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

    Description: blah blah blah .... here some URLs to previews...
                 blah blah blah .... this is 24 fps
                 blah blah blah

    Content: tag1, tag2, tag3

    Resolution: 320px x 240px

    Run Time: 24mins 57secs

    Size: 125.42 MB (131,509,108 bytes)

    Type: Movie Clip

    Published/Uploaded By: someone

    <a href="...">Link to page with list of files in torrent</a>
    <a href="...">Link to page with list of people on the torrent</a>
    


Standard Actuel / Précédent

Encore de l'image

Formats de Métadonnée Audio

  • iTunes
    • Album : String
    • Artist : String
    • Beats Per Minute : Number
    • Bit Rate : Number
    • Comment : Blob
    • Composer : String
    • Genre : String or Foreign ID
    • Disc Number : Number
    • Kind : Proprietary - could be implimented as MIME type
    • My Rating : Number < 5 (actually an integer from the range 0-100. 1-5 "stars" implemented by incrementing by 20)
    • Sample Rate : Number
    • Size : Number
    • Time : Number
    • Track Number : Number
    • Year : Number
    • Additional metadata used internally by the application : Date Added (Timestamp), Date Modified (Timestamp), Equalizer (foreign ID), Play Count (Number), Grouping (Internal)
    • Noteable absences : Tags, License, Copyright year. Also note common complaints about ID3 and classical music.

Podcasts

(version HTML de la spec : local archive, updated version from Apple Chapter Tool Beta docs, online copy at Apple)

iTunes v. 4.9 a été largement proclamé comme une avance pour l'acceptation du podcasting par le plus grand nombre. Néanmoins, alors que quelques avocats résistent même au fragment d'un nom en marque déposé pour le phénomène, l'utilisation de "itunes": dans l'espace-nom est l'une des nombreuses décisions de design ans la spécification originale d'Apple devenu le principal objet du débat. Alors qu'Apple a une tradition de travailler tranquillement sur des fonctionnalités innovantes, ils se sont montrés ouverts aux inputs du public après sa version initiale. Beaucoup d'autres blogueurs ont chroniqué quelques-unes des réactions, tout comme quelques discussions en face à face.

Une liste de discussion pourrait bientôt venir...

Media RSS est depuis longtemps dans le tube, mais n'a pas eu l'avantage de l'adoption de iTunes. Néanmoins, il a une ambition bien plus grande, y compris la vidéo; et une communauté d'intérêt bien plus grande.

Un Microformat Podcasting ?

Le meilleur point de départ pour comprendre ces deux propositions est le tableau résumé du W3C dressé par Karl Dubost.

Il existe (au moins) deux chemins à considérer pour 'porter' ces propositions dans les Microformats :

  1. Standalone. What is the most straightforward rendering of each proposal into XHTML? This keeps the interests of the developers of consuming applications foremost: how can the migration be made as painless as possible?
  2. Refactored. Given the existing core of Microformats, what is the minimal (!) necessary to add on to RelLicense, RelTag, hReview, and so forth? This favors (we'd hope) content publishing applications: how can the marginal migration costs of adding media be made as painless as possible.

Mapping the existing specs requires understanding the data definitions set forth in each specification, and finding the optimal equivalents (where available). The following is a partial summary of one possible mapping:

Tableau Comparatif

Aspect Atom iTunes RSS Media RSS M3U RSS 2.0 Microformat?
Authorship
  • <atom:author>
  • <atom:contributor>
  • <itunes:author>
  • <itunes:owner>
  • <itunes:name>
  • <itunes:email>
<media:credit> nothing <copyright>
<author>
<source>

need a way of specifying the role of the author or contributor.

Categorization <atom:category> <itunes:category>
<itunes:keywords>
<media:category> nothing <category> rel-tag - requires a way to do sub categories?
Description <atom:summary>
<atom:content>
<itunes:subtitle>
<itunes:summary>
<media:text> nothing <description> XHTML (e.g. <blockquote> )
Licensing <atom:copyright>
<atom:rights>
<itunes:block>
<copyright>
<link>
Not explicitly mentioned nothing <ttl> rel-license
Metadata <itunes:duration>
<itunes:image>
<media:thumbnail>
<media:hash>
<media:content
 url="http://www.example.com/movie.mov"
 fileSize="12216320"
 type="video/quicktime"
 isDefault="true"
 expression="full"
 bitrate="128"
 framerate="25"
 duration="185"
 height="200"
 width="300"
/>
nothing needs a new microformat
e.g.,
proposal for duration
<abbr class="duration" title="00:27:35">
27 minutes, 35 seconds
</abbr>

-- jkinberg 11:51, 19 Sept 2005 (PDT))

Preview nothing nothing For Video Media:
<media:thumbnail>

For Audio Media:
nothing
nothing nothing need a new microformat for this
proposal for video preview
<img class="preview" src="..." />

-- Charles

Rating nothing <itunes:explicit> <media:adult> <media:rating> nothing <rating> rel-tag
Title <atom:title>
<atom:subtitle>
<itunes:subtitle>
<title>
<media:title>
<title>
nothing <title>
  • <h1>...</h1>
  • <h2>...<h2>
  • <h3>...</h3>
  • <h4>...</h4>
  • <h5>...</h5>
  • <h6>...</h6>
  • title="..."
  • Microformats with class="title"
 
Show Concept
  • <atom:feed>
  • <link rel="self" href="..." />
  • <channel>
  • <link>
  • <channel>
  • <link>
A M3U file.
  • <channel>
  • <link>
need a new microformat
Episode Concept
  • <atom:entry>
  • <link rel="alternate" href="..." />
  • <item>
  • <link>
  • <item>
  • <link>
A single URL line.
  • <item>
  • <link>
need a new microformat
Media Concept
  • <atom:link rel="enclosure" href="..." />
  • also... dependent on type of data embedded in or referenced from <atom:content>
<enclosure> <media:content> Simply the inclusion of a URL on a line. <enclosure> <img>
<a href="">
<object>
<embed>


Vidéo

  • EXIF - (Yes, the spec deals with video taken by still cameras. -- RyanKing)
  • MPEG-7 - MPEG-7, formally named "Multimedia Content Description Interface", is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information meaning, which can be passed onto, or accessed by, a device or a computer code. (Very powerful, but you have to pay for documentation -- ChristopherA 01:53, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
  • SMIL - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced "smile") enables simple authoring of interactive audiovisual presentations. (Not exactly video, but has a lot of useful video-related features in it. -- ChristopherA 01:55, 29 Jun 2005 (PDT))
  • Video Metadata Model - un point de départ

Interactive

Média Hors ligne

  • XSPF (media may be either offline or online)

Publications Imprimées (livres/magazines)

Films

Musique

Formats Conteneurs

The purpose of container formats is to allow the muxing of multiple codecs into a single file or stream. For example, if you want audio, video, and text (subtitles) combined into a single stream.

The purpose of the muxing is for synchronization and so that you can stream the file and view it without having to jump around -- seek -- in the file.

Container formats include:

  • AVI
  • MPEG
  • Ogg
  • QuickTime


Tableau de Comparaison de Format Conteneurs

Aspect AVI MPEG Ogg QuickTime Microformat?
Allows Audio Yes Yes Yes Yes
Allows Video Yes Yes Yes Yes
Allows Text Yes Yes
Error Detection Yes


Notes pour les Microformats

One of the problems with container formats is that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to know the disposition of what they contain ahead of time (without reading the file).

For example, Ogg files use the MIME type application/ogg and generally use the extension .ogg. With only these 2 pieces of information, you cannot tell whether such an Ogg file contains video data or not.

There is room for a microformat to help with this. Perhaps something like:

<a class="moving-image" type="application/ogg" href="my.ogg">...</a>

Although, this can be done in other ways too. For example, using disposition hinting one could do something like:

<a type="application/ogg;disposition-type:moving-image" href="my.ogg">...</a>

Anothing thing for any Microformat to consider is that it may be the case that the data files that are muxed in the container format may also be offered in non-muxed forms. This is important when alternatives are offered.


Formats Audio

Audio formats include:

  • AAC
  • MP3
  • PCM WAV
  • Speex
  • Vorbis
  • WMA


Tableau de Comparaison de Formats Audio

Aspect AAC MP3 PCM WAV Speex Vorbis WMA Microformat?
Lossless No No Yes Yes No
Lossy Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
Streamable Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes


Notes pour les Microformats

  • Knowing whether audio data is streamable or not can affect pre-fetching. And can be a metric used when alternatives of the same file is given.
  • Having audio data marked as lossy or lossless can be useful when alternatives of the same file is made.


Formats de Lecture

Playing formats include:

  • ASX
  • Atom
  • Atom+SMIL
  • Atomic RSS
  • Atomic RSS+SMIL
  • Extended M3U
  • HTML+Time
  • iTunes RSS
  • KPL
  • M3U
  • MAGMA
  • Media RSS
  • PLS
  • RAM
  • RSS 2.0
  • SMIL
  • WAX
  • WVX


Tableau Comparatif Format de Lecture

Aspect ASX Atom Atom+SMIL Atomic RSS Atomic RSS+SMIL Extended M3U HTML+Time iTunes RSS Media RSS M3U RSS 2.0 Microformat?
Alternatives Playing nothing <smil:switch> nothing <media:group> nothing nothing need a new microformat
Parallel Playing need a new microformat
Sequence Playing if you consider the Atom file a show, then nothing. if you consider the Atom file an episode, then the list of <atom:entry>'s provides a sequence. <smil:seq> if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence. if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence. if you consider the M3U file a show, then nothing. if you consider the M3U file an episode, then the URL lines provide a sequence. if you consider the RSS file a show, then nothing. if you consider the RSS file an episode, then the list of <item>'s provides a sequence. need a new microformat
Pre-Fetching <link rel="enclosure" href="..." />
  • <link rel="enclosure" href="..." />
  • <smil:prefetch>
<link rel="enclosure" href="..." /> <enclosure> <media:content> The M3U format is just list of URL's, with each URL on its own line. Pre-Fetching would be accomplished by just added a URL to the list. <enclosure> rel-enclosure


Formats Images Graphiques

Raster graphic formats include:

  • GIF
  • PNG
  • JPEG


Formats Vectoriels Graphiques

Vector graphic formats include:

  • SVG

Formats & Protocoles

AAC

AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is a lossy audio format. Like MP3, AAC is part of the MPEG standard. Since April 2003, AAC has become an integral part of Apple's iPod and iTunes products. This association between AAC and Apple has become so strong among some that AAC is also sometimes call Apple Audio Codec.

Références:

ASF

ASF is an Audio/Video format. ASF files that contain only audio data are typically called WMA files.

References:

Atom

Atom is a XML-based syndication format that was developed by certain members of the RSS community.

Références :

Atom+SMIL

Atom+SMIL is Atom with SMIL used in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by Charles Iliya Krempeaux for "Internet TV". Also see Atomic RSS+SMIL)

Atomic RSS

Atomic RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with Atom used as an extension module.

References:

Atomic RSS+SMIL

Atomic RSS+SMIL is Atomic RSS with SMIL use in the <atom:content>.

(This was originally used by Charles Iliya Krempeaux for "Internet TV".)

AVI

AVI is a container format for Audio/Video formats.

References:

B4S

B4S is a playlist format.

References:

BitTorrent

BitTorrent is a P2P protocol.

References:

Creative Commons RDF

References:

DAAP

References:

Extended M3U

References:

FLAC

Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)

GIF

GIF is a raster graphics format and a movie format.

HTML+Time

References:

HTTP

References:

iTunes Library

References:

iTunes RSS

References:

JPEG

JPEG is a raster graphics format.

Kapsule

References:

KPL

KPL is a playlist format.

References:

M3U

M3U is a playlist format.

References:

MAGMA

References:

Media RSS

Media RSS is a syndication format that is RSS with the addition of the Media RSS Module.

MKV/MKA

Matroska MKV/MKA are video and audio containers, respectively.

MNG

MNG is a Video format.

MP3

MP3 is an Audio format.

MPEG

ASF is an Audio/Video format.

MusicBrainz

References:

Ogg

Ogg is a media container format.

References:

PLS

PLS is a playlist format.

References:

RAM

RAM is a playlist format.

References:

RSS 2.0

RSS 2.0 is the defacto standard syndication format.

References:

RTSP

References:

SMIL

References:

Speex

References:

SVG

SVG is a vector graphics format.

Theora

Theora is an Audio/Video format/

References:

Vorbis

Vorbis is an Audio format.

References:

WAX

WAX is an SGML-based playlist for that looks exactly like ASX and WVX, except that it can only reference to ASF or WMA, but NOT to WMV files.

References:

WMA

WMA is an Audio format.

References:

WMV

WMV is an Audio/Video format.

References:

WVX

WVX is an SGML-based playlist format that looks exactly like ASX and WAX, except that it can reference ASF, WMA, and WMV media files.

References:

Commentaires

Voir aussi