citation-examples: Difference between revisions

From Microformats Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(XML Resume added)
 
m (Replace <entry-title> with {{DISPLAYTITLE:}})
 
(134 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
= Example Citation Formats =
{{DISPLAYTITLE: Citation Examples }}
This page will display several different types of citation format types. The idea is to compare what properties are common amonst all of the formats and which ones should be blended into this microformat.


== XMLResume ==
The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
<pre>
<!ELEMENT pubs (pub+)>
<!ENTITY % pubElements "(artTitle|bookTitle|author|date|pubDate|publisher|pageNums|url)">
<!ELEMENT pub (para | %pubElements;)*>
<!ATTLIST pub id ID #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT artTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT bookTitle (#PCDATA | link)*>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST author name IDREF #IMPLIED>
<!ELEMENT pubDate (month?, year)> <!-- Deprecated in 1.4.0. -->
<!ELEMENT publisher (#PCDATA | link | url)*>
<!ELEMENT pageNums (#PCDATA)>
</pre>


== BibTeX ==
'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks!
=== Fields Used by Bibtex ===
<table border="1" width="100%">
    <tr>
        <td><strong>abstract:</strong></td>
        <td>An abstract of the work.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>address:</b></td>
        <td>Publisher's address. For major publishing houses,
        just the city is given. For small publishers, you can
        help the reader by giving the complete address.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>affiliation:</strong></td>
        <td>The author's affiliation.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>annote:</b></td>
        <td>An annotation. It is not used by he standard
        bibliography styles, but may be used by others that
        produce an annotated bibliography.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>author:</b></td>
        <td>The name(s) of the author(s).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>booktitle:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>Title of a book, part of which is being cited. For
        book entries, use the <strong>title</strong> field
        instead.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>chapter:</b></td>
        <td>A chapter (or section) number.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>contents:</strong></td>
        <td>A Table of Contents.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>copyright:</strong></td>
        <td>Copyright information.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>crossref:</strong></td>
        <td>The database key of the entry being cross-referenced.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>edition:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>The edition of a book - for example
        &quot;Second&quot;. Notice that it is in capitals.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>editor:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>Name(s) of editor(s). If there is also an author
        field, then the editor field gives the editor of the book
        or collection in which the reference appears.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>howpublished:</b></td>
        <td>How something strange has been published. The first
        word should be capitalized.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>institution:</b></td>
        <td>The sponsoring institution of a technical report.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>ISBN:</strong></td>
        <td>The International Standard Book Number.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>ISSN:</strong></td>
        <td>The International Standard Serial Number. Used to
        identify a journal.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>journal:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>A journal name. Abbreviations are provided for many
        journals.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>key:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>Used for alphabetizing and creating a label when the
        author and editor fields are missing. This field should
        not be confused with the key that appears at the
        beginning of the reference.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>keywords:</strong></td>
        <td>Key words used for searching or possibly for
        annotation.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>language:</strong></td>
        <td>The language the document is written in.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>LCCN:</strong></td>
        <td>The Library of Congress Call Number.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>location:</strong></td>
        <td>A location associated with the entry, such as the
        city in which a conference took place.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>month:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>The month in which the work was published or, for an
        unpublished work, in which it was written.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>mrnumber:</strong></td>
        <td>The <em>Mathematical Reviews</em> number.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>note:</b></td>
        <td>Any additional information that can help the reader.
        First word should be capitalized.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>number:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>The number of a journal, magazine, technical report,
        or of a work in a series. An issue of a journal or
        magazine is usually identified by its volume and number;
        the organization that issues a technical report usually
        gives it a number; and sometimes books are given numbers
        in a named series.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>organization:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>The organization that sponsors a conference or
        publishes a manual.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>pages:</b></td>
        <td>One or more page numbers or ranges of number, such as
        37--42, or 7,53,82--94.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>price:</strong></td>
        <td>The price of the material.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>publisher:</b></td>
        <td>The publisher's name.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>school:</b></td>
        <td>The name of the school where a thesis was written.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>series:</b></td>
        <td>Then name given a series or set of books. When citing
        an entire book, the title field gives its title and the
        optional series field gives the name of a series in which
        the book was published.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>size:</strong></td>
        <td>The physical dimensions of the work.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>title:</b></td>
        <td>The work's title.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>type:</b></td>
        <td>The type of technical report - for example,
        &quot;Research Note&quot;.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>url:</strong></td>
        <td>The WWW Universal Resource Locator that points to the
        item being referenced. Often used for technical reports
        to point to the FTP site where it resides.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>volume:</b></td>
        <td>The volume of a journal or multivolume book.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>year:</b></td>
        <td>The year of publication or, for an unpublished work,
        the year it was written. It should only consist of
        numerals, such as 1976.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
=== BibTeX citation Types ===
A reference can be to any of a variety of types. Following is a list of types. Each one also explains the fields associated with that type. Any fields not listed as required or optional are considered to be ignored.
<table border="1" width="100%">
    <tr>
        <td><b>article:</b></td>
        <td>An article from a journal or magazine. Required
        fields: author, title, journal, year. Optional fields:
        volume, number, pages, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>book:</b></td>
        <td>A book with an explicit publisher. Required fields:
        author or editor, title, publisher, year. Optional
        fields: volume, series, address, edition, month, note,
        key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>booklet:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>A work that is printed and bound, but without a named
        publisher or sponsoring institution. Required fields:
        title. Optional fields: author, howpublished, address,
        month, year, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>collection:</strong></td>
        <td>A collection of works. Same as <a href="#proceedings">Proceedings</a>.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>conference:</b></td>
        <td>The same as <a href="#inproceedings">Inproceedings</a>.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>inbook:</b></td>
        <td>A part of a book, which may be a chapter and/or a
        range of pages. Required fields: author or editor, title,
        chapter and/or pages, publisher, year. Optional fields:
        volumer, series, address, edition, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>incollection:</b></td>
        <td>A part of a book with its own title. Required fields:
        author, title, booktitle, publisher, year. Optional
        fields: editor, pages, organization, publisher, address,
        month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><a name="inproceedings"></a><b>inproceedings:</b></td>
        <td>An article in a conference proceedings. Required
        fields: author, title, booktitle, year. Optional fields:
        editor, pages, organization, publisher, address, month,
        note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>manual:&nbsp;</b></td>
        <td>Technical documentation. Required fields: title.
        Optional fields: author, organization, address, edition,
        month, year, note.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>mastersthesis:</b></td>
        <td>A Master's thesis. Required fields: author, title,
        school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>misc:</b></td>
        <td>Use this type when nothing else fits. Required
        fields: none. Optional fields: author, title,
        howpublished, month, year, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><strong>patent:</strong></td>
        <td>A patent.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>phdthesis:</b></td>
        <td>A Ph.D. thesis. Required fields: author, title,
        school, year. Optional fields: address, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><a name="proceedings"></a><b>proceedings:</b></td>
        <td>The proceedings of a conference. Required fields:
        title, year. Optional fields: editor, publisher,
        organization, address, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>techreport:</b></td>
        <td>A report published by a school or other institution,
        usually numbered within a series. Required fields:
        author, title, institution, year. Optional fields: type,
        number, address, month, note, key.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><b>unpublished:</b></td>
        <td>A document with an author and title, but not formally
        published. Required fields: author, title, note. Optional
        fields: month, year, key.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


==== Examples ====
__TOC__
<pre><nowiki>
@book{kn:gnus,


AUTHOR = "Donald E. Knudson",
== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
TITLE = "1966 World Gnus Almanac",
Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
PUBLISHER = {Permafrost Press},
ADDRESS = {Novosibirsk} }


<div class="book" id="kn:gnus">
=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
  <div class="author">Donald E. Knudson</div>
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example]
  <div class="title">1966 World Gnus Almanac</div>
[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]]
  <div class="publisher">Permafrost Press</div>
  <div class="address">Novosibirsk</div>
</div>


* title
* subtitle
* author
* image
* publication date
* pages
* volumes
* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
* Format - (Hardback, softback)
* Price
* ISBN


@article{XAi_HSCheng_1994a,
=== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ===


author = "X. Ai and H. S. Cheng",
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
title = "Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts",
journal = "Tribol. Trans.",
volume = "37",
year = "1994",
pages = "323--335",
}


<div class="article" id="XAi_HSCheng_1994a">
The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
  <div class="author">X. Ai and H. S. Cheng</div>
 
  <div class="title">Influence of moving dent on point {EHL} contacts</div>
''Journal article:''
  <div class="journal">Tribol. Trans.</div>
 
  <div class="volume">37</div>
* title
  <div class="year">1994</div>
* authors
  <div class="pages">323--335</div>
* Pages
</div>
* format (PDF)
</nowiki></pre>
* Additional Information
* abstract
* index terms
* journal
* issue
* volume
* pubdate
* DOI
 
''Conference Proceedings:''
 
* title
* authors
* author institutions
* source (conference + proceedings name)
* page
* year
* isbn
* publisher name & address
* DOI
* abstract
* subject category labels
* keywords
 
=== Amazon.com citation info ===
 
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
 
[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]]
 
* title
* author
* series title
* page
 
=== CiteSeer database search results ===
 
The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]]
#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]]
 
* author
* title
* journal
* pages
* publication date
* URL
* Accessed On
 
=== CiteULike.org citation listing ===
 
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
 
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]]
 
* title
* author
* subjects
* image
* Volume
* Number
* publication date
* page
 
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
* Z3988
* DOI
* Pubmed
* Hubmed
 
=== CiteProc XHTML Output ===
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]]
 
The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
 
* refID (HTML @ID)
* creator
* role (to indicate editors and translators)
* date
* title
* volume
* issue
* page
* issue
* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
* edition
* publisher
* place
* location (for urls and physical locations)
* access date (for online items)
 
=== Google Cache ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup]
* url
* retrieved date
 
=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
* title
* subtitle
* author
* ISBN
* Price
* Description
 
=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]
 
* Title
* subtitle
* authors
* AuthorsNote
* BookCode (internal code system)
* ISBN
* Page
* Publisher
* Publication Date
* Price
* Availability
* MediaType
* categories
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class
 
=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]
 
* title
* authors
* journal
* issue
* volume
* issue
* pubdate
* page
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
* summary
 
 
=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]
 
* ISBN
* Series
* Title
* publisher
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Authors
* Target Audience
* Price
* description
 
=== Ning ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example]
* title
* publications date
* retrieved on
 
=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]
 
* title
* subTitle
* edition
* byline
* ISBN
* format - hardback
* publication Date
* price
* description
* related
 
=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]
 
* title
* subTitle
* edition
* byline
* image
* isbnNumber
* format - hardback
* pages
* publication Date
* availability
* price
 
=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]
 
* title
* excerp
* Volume
* Publisher
* description
* Published date
* ISBN
* Product number (internal code system)
* Pages
* Shipping Weight
* price
 
=== RFC vCard Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]
 
* refID (HTML @ID)
* title
* publication
* title
* Journal
* Volume
* Issue
* page
* pubdate
* RFC ID
 
=== University of Virginia ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup]
* title
* publication date
* retrived on
* location
* organization
 
=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]
 
* refID (HTML @ID)
* URL
* title
* subtitle
* part (1 of X)
* journal
* authors
* pubdate
* language
* ISO/IEC ID
* RFC ID
 
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]
 
=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]
 
* abstract
* title
* publisher
* journal
* date of publication
* volume
* issue
* pages
* language
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* PubMedID
 
=== BibDesk Default Template ===
[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]]
 
This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.
 
* Title
* Author
* Journal
* Volume
* Pages
* Date
* Url
* Abstract
 
=== Wikipedia ===
[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.
 
Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).
 
==== English Wikipedia ====
The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
 
===== Original Markup =====
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup]
* id
* title
* url
* Retrieved/Accessed On
* Publication Date
* Journal
 
===== Book =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]
 
* title
* author
* publisher
* year
* ISBN
* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
 
===== Book Infobox =====
 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.
 
See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates].
 
* name 
* title_orig   
* translator   
* image         
* image_caption 
* author       
* illustrator   
* cover_artist 
* country       
* language     
* series       
* subject       
* genre         
* publisher     
* release_date 
* english_release_date
* media_type   
* pages         
* isbn         
* preceded_by   
* followed_by   
 
 
 
===== Journal Articles =====
See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals]
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]
 
* author (truncated list)
* year
* title
* journal title
* journal number
* page range
* [http://doi.org DOI]
 
===== Court cases =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]
 
* title
* case number
** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"''
* court name
* year
* description/abstract
 
===== U.S. Law =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]
 
* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
* chapter number
* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
 
===== Conference presentations =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]
 
* title
* location
* date
* author (implied - the page is about this person)
 
 
===== Historical Sources =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]
 
* source / location
* title
* publisher
* year
* description
* url
 
===== U.S. Patent =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]
 
* number
 
==== German Wikipedia ====
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles]
 
=== EPrints.org ===
 
[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]
 
Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
 
* title
* creator (author)
* description (abstract)
* date
* type
* identifier (a url)
* format
** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
* fulltext
** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.
 
In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
*  title
* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
* year
* conference
* conference location
 
=== Wolfram Mathworld ===
 
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup]
 
A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.
 
* authors
* title
* publisher (name and location)
* date (just year)
 
===LibraryThing===
*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy]
 
=== Self-Citation Example ===
[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
* title
* author
* periodical (journal) title
* volume
* issue
* pages
* year
 
=== Citation of an Online Resource ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup]
 
At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html  Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:
 
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
 
* title
* publication year
* department/author
* retrieval date
* URL
 
 
[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this:
 
E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.
 
* author
* publication year
* web page title
* URL
* accessed date
 
 
[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources:
 
''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.
 
* title
* URL
* accessed date
 
=== OCLC WorldCat Online ===
 
==== Book ====
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup]
 
* title
* type (book)
* publisher name
* publisher location
* copyright date
* isbn
* oclc number
* subjects
* author
* z39.88 (COinS)
 
==== Journal ====
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]
 
* title
* type (journal)
* publisher
* issn
* oclc number
* subjects
* z39.88 (COinS)
 
====West Midland Bird Club====
Uses OpenCOinS
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation]
*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles]
 
Features include:
*title
*author
*date
*price (historic, at time of publication)
*format
*publisher
*number of pages
*ISBN/ ISSN
*product dimensions
*page numbers of article
*image(s)
 
====Amazon====
Product listings, e.g.
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825]
*title
*author
*price
*format
*publisher
*number of pages
*language
*ISBN
*product dimensions
*shipping weighta
*average customer review
*image
*Amazon.com Sales Rank
 
====ABE====
Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0]
*title
*author
*ISBN
*publisher
*publication date
*country
*edition
*condition
*whether signed
*format/binding
*number of pages
*bookseller
*inventory number
*price
*shipping costs
*quantity
 
===Open URL===
 
* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]]
 
===Upcoming===
====Open Library====
*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library]
**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31]
 
== External Lists of Citation Examples ==
* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm
 
== Implied schema ==
=== List of all properties ===
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.
 
* title
* subtitle
* author
* editor
* translator
* image
* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
* language
* description/Summary/abstract
* excerpt
* index terms
* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)
 
RELATIONS
* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
* collection (series and so forth)
* event (conference, etc.)
* original (for republished material)
 
LOCATION INFORMATION
* pages
* volume
* series title
* Series
* edition
* issue
* publication
* journal
* part (1 of X)
 
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
 
IDENTIFIERS
* ISBN
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class
* URL
* RFC ID
* ISO/IEC ID
* DOI
* PubMedID
 
PUBLISHER
* publisher
 
 
These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
* refID (HTML @ID)
* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* Availability
* Price
* Shipping Weight
* related
* Product number (internal system code)
* BookCode (internal system code)
* AuthorsNote
* Additional Information
* Target Audience
 
=== Analysis of Examples ===
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
* title
* subtitle
* author
* publication date
* description
* pages
* ISBN
* publisher
 
== Styles ==
'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''.
 
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
 
* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE]
 
==Other examples==
*[[citations_in_the_wild]]
*[[blog-quote-examples]]
 
 
==See also==
{{citation-related-pages}}

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020


The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • image
  • publication date
  • pages
  • volumes
  • specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
  • Format - (Hardback, softback)
  • Price
  • ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.

The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

  • title
  • authors
  • Pages
  • format (PDF)
  • Additional Information
  • abstract
  • index terms
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • pubdate
  • DOI

Conference Proceedings:

  • title
  • authors
  • author institutions
  • source (conference + proceedings name)
  • page
  • year
  • isbn
  • publisher name & address
  • DOI
  • abstract
  • subject category labels
  • keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

Amazon's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • series title
  • page

CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

  1. CiteSeer's Original Markup
  2. CiteSeer's Original Example 2
  • author
  • title
  • journal
  • pages
  • publication date
  • URL
  • Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike

CiteULike's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • subjects
  • image
  • Volume
  • Number
  • publication date
  • page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

  • Z3988
  • DOI
  • Pubmed
  • Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

CiteProc Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • creator
  • role (to indicate editors and translators)
  • date
  • title
  • volume
  • issue
  • page
  • issue
  • container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
  • type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
  • edition
  • publisher
  • place
  • location (for urls and physical locations)
  • access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

  • url
  • retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • ISBN
  • Price
  • Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page Original Markup

  • Title
  • subtitle
  • authors
  • AuthorsNote
  • BookCode (internal code system)
  • ISBN
  • Page
  • Publisher
  • Publication Date
  • Price
  • Availability
  • MediaType
  • categories
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Original Markup

  • title
  • authors
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • issue
  • pubdate
  • page
  • Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
  • summary


Marshall Cavendish product page

product page Original Markup

  • ISBN
  • Series
  • Title
  • publisher
  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Authors
  • Target Audience
  • Price
  • description

Ning

Original Example

  • title
  • publications date
  • retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • ISBN
  • format - hardback
  • publication Date
  • price
  • description
  • related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • image
  • isbnNumber
  • format - hardback
  • pages
  • publication Date
  • availability
  • price

Thomson Gale product detail page

Original Markup

  • title
  • excerp
  • Volume
  • Publisher
  • description
  • Published date
  • ISBN
  • Product number (internal code system)
  • Pages
  • Shipping Weight
  • price

RFC vCard Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • title
  • publication
  • title
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Issue
  • page
  • pubdate
  • RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

  • title
  • publication date
  • retrived on
  • location
  • organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • URL
  • title
  • subtitle
  • part (1 of X)
  • journal
  • authors
  • pubdate
  • language
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

PubMed Medical Journal Example

Original Markup

  • abstract
  • title
  • publisher
  • journal
  • date of publication
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • language
  • Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

  • Title
  • Author
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Pages
  • Date
  • Url
  • Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.

Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).

English Wikipedia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Original Markup

Original Markup

  • id
  • title
  • url
  • Retrieved/Accessed On
  • Publication Date
  • Journal
Book

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • author
  • publisher
  • year
  • ISBN
  • url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
Book Infobox

The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.

See also Other Wikipedia book templates & Wikipedia citation templates.

  • name
  • title_orig
  • translator
  • image
  • image_caption
  • author
  • illustrator
  • cover_artist
  • country
  • language
  • series
  • subject
  • genre
  • publisher
  • release_date
  • english_release_date
  • media_type
  • pages
  • isbn
  • preceded_by
  • followed_by


Journal Articles

See also:Wikipedia infobox for journals

Example Example Markup

  • author (truncated list)
  • year
  • title
  • journal title
  • journal number
  • page range
  • DOI
Court cases

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • case number
    • note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
  • court name
  • year
  • description/abstract
U.S. Law

Example Example Markup

  • title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
  • chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
  • chapter number
  • section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
Conference presentations

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • location
  • date
  • author (implied - the page is about this person)


Historical Sources

Example Example Markup

  • source / location
  • title
  • publisher
  • year
  • description
  • url
U.S. Patent

Example Example Markup

  • number

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

example example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

  • title
  • creator (author)
  • description (abstract)
  • date
  • type
  • identifier (a url)
  • format
  • fulltext
    • this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

  • title
  • authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
  • year
  • conference
  • conference location

Wolfram Mathworld

example example markup

A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.

  • authors
  • title
  • publisher (name and location)
  • date (just year)

LibraryThing

  • [2] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

  • title
  • author
  • periodical (journal) title
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • year

Citation of an Online Resource

example markup

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

  • title
  • publication year
  • department/author
  • retrieval date
  • URL


"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:

E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.

  • author
  • publication year
  • web page title
  • URL
  • accessed date


"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:

Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.

  • title
  • URL
  • accessed date

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (book)
  • publisher name
  • publisher location
  • copyright date
  • isbn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • author
  • z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (journal)
  • publisher
  • issn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • z39.88 (COinS)

West Midland Bird Club

Uses OpenCOinS

Features include:

  • title
  • author
  • date
  • price (historic, at time of publication)
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • ISBN/ ISSN
  • product dimensions
  • page numbers of article
  • image(s)

Amazon

Product listings, e.g. [4]

  • title
  • author
  • price
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • language
  • ISBN
  • product dimensions
  • shipping weighta
  • average customer review
  • image
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank

ABE

Product listings, e.g. [5]

  • title
  • author
  • ISBN
  • publisher
  • publication date
  • country
  • edition
  • condition
  • whether signed
  • format/binding
  • number of pages
  • bookseller
  • inventory number
  • price
  • shipping costs
  • quantity

Open URL

Upcoming

Open Library

External Lists of Citation Examples

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • editor
  • translator
  • image
  • date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
  • language
  • description/Summary/abstract
  • excerpt
  • index terms
  • categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

  • container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
  • collection (series and so forth)
  • event (conference, etc.)
  • original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

  • pages
  • volume
  • series title
  • Series
  • edition
  • issue
  • publication
  • journal
  • part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

  • ISBN
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class
  • URL
  • RFC ID
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • DOI
  • PubMedID

PUBLISHER

  • publisher


These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • Availability
  • Price
  • Shipping Weight
  • related
  • Product number (internal system code)
  • BookCode (internal system code)
  • AuthorsNote
  • Additional Information
  • Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • publication date
  • description
  • pages
  • ISBN
  • publisher

Styles

This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

Other examples


See also

Retrieved from "http://microformats.org/wiki/index.php?title=citation-examples&oldid=69575"