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The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses. | The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses. | ||
'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks! | |||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Citation Mark Up in the Wild == | == Citation Mark Up in the Wild == | ||
Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element. | Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element. | ||
=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page === | |||
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example] | |||
[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]] | |||
* title | |||
* subtitle | * subtitle | ||
* author | * author | ||
* | * image | ||
* | * publication date | ||
* pages | * pages | ||
* volumes | * volumes | ||
* | * specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc) | ||
* Format | * Format - (Hardback, softback) | ||
* Price | * Price | ||
* ISBN | * ISBN | ||
=== | === ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples === | ||
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database. | |||
The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article. | |||
''Journal article:'' | |||
* title | |||
* authors | |||
* Pages | |||
* format (PDF) | |||
* Additional Information | |||
* abstract | |||
* index terms | |||
* journal | |||
* issue | |||
* volume | |||
* pubdate | |||
* DOI | |||
''Conference Proceedings:'' | |||
* title | |||
* authors | |||
* author institutions | |||
* source (conference + proceedings name) | |||
* page | |||
* year | |||
* isbn | |||
* publisher name & address | |||
* DOI | |||
* abstract | |||
* subject category labels | |||
* keywords | |||
=== Amazon.com citation info === | |||
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book. | |||
[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]] | |||
* title | |||
* author | |||
* series title | |||
* page | |||
=== CiteSeer database search results === | |||
The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup: | |||
#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]] | |||
#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]] | |||
* author | |||
* title | |||
* journal | |||
* pages | |||
* publication date | |||
* URL | |||
* Accessed On | |||
=== CiteULike.org citation listing === | |||
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] | |||
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]] | |||
* title | |||
* author | |||
* subjects | |||
* image | |||
* Volume | |||
* Number | |||
* publication date | |||
* page | |||
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link | |||
* Z3988 | |||
* DOI | |||
* Pubmed | |||
* Hubmed | |||
=== CiteProc XHTML Output === | |||
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]] | |||
The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output: | |||
* refID (HTML @ID) | |||
* creator | |||
* role (to indicate editors and translators) | |||
* date | |||
* title | |||
* volume | |||
* issue | |||
* page | |||
* issue | |||
* container (a book serves as container for a chapter) | |||
* type (book, newspaper, proceedings) | |||
* edition | |||
* publisher | |||
* place | |||
* location (for urls and physical locations) | |||
* access date (for online items) | |||
=== Google Cache === | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup] | |||
* url | |||
* retrieved date | |||
=== Greenwood Press featured book === | |||
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup] | |||
* title | * title | ||
* | * subtitle | ||
* author | * author | ||
* | * ISBN | ||
* | * Price | ||
* | * Description | ||
=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] | === Greenwood Press product detail page === | ||
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup] | |||
* Title | * Title | ||
* | * subtitle | ||
* authors | * authors | ||
* AuthorsNote | * AuthorsNote | ||
* BookCode | * BookCode (internal code system) | ||
* | * ISBN | ||
* | * Page | ||
* | * Publisher | ||
* | * Publication Date | ||
* | * Price | ||
* Availability | * Availability | ||
* MediaType | * MediaType | ||
* | * categories | ||
* LC Card Number | * LC Card Number | ||
* LCC Class | * LCC Class | ||
* Dewey Class: | * Dewey Class | ||
=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup === | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup] | |||
* title | |||
* authors | |||
* journal | |||
* issue | |||
* volume | |||
* issue | |||
* pubdate | |||
* page | |||
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | |||
* summary | |||
=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] | === Marshall Cavendish product page=== | ||
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup] | |||
* ISBN | * ISBN | ||
* Series | * Series | ||
* Title | * Title | ||
* | * publisher | ||
* Specifications (dimentions/weight) | * Specifications (dimentions/weight) | ||
* Authors | * Authors | ||
Line 74: | Line 195: | ||
* description | * description | ||
=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] | === Ning === | ||
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example] | |||
* title | |||
* publications date | |||
* retrieved on | |||
=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page === | |||
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup] | |||
* title | * title | ||
Line 80: | Line 209: | ||
* edition | * edition | ||
* byline | * byline | ||
* | * ISBN | ||
* format - hardback | * format - hardback | ||
* | * publication Date | ||
* price | * price | ||
* description | * description | ||
* related | * related | ||
=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page] | === Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page === | ||
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup] | |||
* title | * title | ||
Line 97: | Line 228: | ||
* format - hardback | * format - hardback | ||
* pages | * pages | ||
* | * publication Date | ||
* availability | * availability | ||
* | * price | ||
=== Thomson Gale product detail page === | === Thomson Gale product detail page === | ||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup] | |||
* | * title | ||
* excerp | * excerp | ||
* Volume | * Volume | ||
* | * Publisher | ||
* description | * description | ||
* Published | * Published date | ||
* ISBN | * ISBN | ||
* Product number | * Product number (internal code system) | ||
* | * Pages | ||
* Shipping Weight | * Shipping Weight | ||
* price | * price | ||
== | === RFC vCard Example === | ||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup] | |||
* refID (HTML @ID) | |||
* title | |||
* publication | |||
* title | |||
* Journal | |||
* Volume | |||
* Issue | |||
* page | |||
* pubdate | |||
* RFC ID | |||
=== | === University of Virginia === | ||
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup] | |||
* title | |||
* publication date | |||
* retrived on | |||
* location | |||
* organization | |||
=== | === W3C XHTML Spec Example === | ||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup] | |||
* refID (HTML @ID) | |||
* URL | |||
* title | |||
( | * subtitle | ||
* part (1 of X) | |||
* journal | |||
* authors | |||
* pubdate | |||
* language | |||
* ISO/IEC ID | |||
* RFC ID | |||
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references] | |||
=== PubMed Medical Journal Example === | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup] | |||
* abstract | |||
( | * title | ||
* publisher | |||
* journal | |||
* date of publication | |||
* volume | |||
* issue | |||
* pages | |||
* language | |||
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO) | |||
* PubMedID | |||
=== BibDesk Default Template === | |||
[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]] | |||
This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users. | |||
* Title | |||
* Author | |||
* Journal | |||
* Volume | |||
* Pages | |||
* Date | |||
* Url | |||
* Abstract | |||
=== Wikipedia === | |||
[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language. | |||
Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website). | |||
==== English Wikipedia ==== | |||
The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned: | |||
===== Original Markup ===== | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup] | |||
* id | |||
* title | |||
* url | |||
* Retrieved/Accessed On | |||
* Publication Date | |||
* Journal | |||
===== Book ===== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup] | |||
* title | |||
( | * author | ||
* publisher | |||
* year | |||
* ISBN | |||
* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page) | |||
=== | ===== Book Infobox ===== | ||
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book. | |||
See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates]. | |||
* name | |||
* title_orig | |||
* translator | |||
* image | |||
* image_caption | |||
* author | |||
* illustrator | |||
* cover_artist | |||
* country | |||
* language | |||
* series | |||
* subject | |||
* genre | |||
* publisher | |||
* release_date | |||
* english_release_date | |||
* media_type | |||
* pages | |||
* isbn | |||
* preceded_by | |||
* followed_by | |||
===== Journal Articles ===== | |||
See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals] | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup] | |||
* author (truncated list) | |||
* year | |||
* title | |||
* journal title | |||
* journal number | |||
* page range | |||
* [http://doi.org DOI] | |||
===== Court cases ===== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup] | |||
* title | |||
* case number | |||
** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"'' | |||
* court name | |||
* year | |||
* description/abstract | |||
===== U.S. Law ===== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup] | |||
* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36." | |||
* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" ) | |||
* chapter number | |||
* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally) | |||
===== Conference presentations ===== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup] | |||
* title | |||
* location | |||
* date | |||
* author (implied - the page is about this person) | |||
===== Historical Sources ===== | |||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup] | |||
* source / location | |||
* title | |||
* publisher | |||
* year | |||
* description | |||
* url | |||
=== | ===== U.S. Patent ===== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup] | |||
* number | |||
==== German Wikipedia ==== | |||
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles] | |||
=== EPrints.org === | |||
[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup] | |||
Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page: | |||
* title | |||
* creator (author) | |||
* description (abstract) | |||
* date | |||
* type | |||
* identifier (a url) | |||
* format | |||
** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term... | |||
* fulltext | |||
** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time. | |||
In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms: | |||
* title | |||
* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names) | |||
* year | |||
* conference | |||
* conference location | |||
=== Wolfram Mathworld === | |||
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup] | |||
A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup. | |||
* authors | |||
* title | |||
* publisher (name and location) | |||
* date (just year) | |||
===LibraryThing=== | |||
*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews | |||
**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy] | |||
=== Self-Citation Example === | |||
[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description): | |||
* title | |||
* author | |||
* periodical (journal) title | |||
* volume | |||
* issue | |||
* pages | |||
* year | |||
=== Citation of an Online Resource === | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup] | |||
At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this: | |||
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm. | |||
* title | |||
* publication year | |||
* department/author | |||
* retrieval date | |||
* URL | |||
[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this: | |||
E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006. | |||
* author | |||
* publication year | |||
* web page title | |||
* URL | |||
* accessed date | |||
[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources: | |||
''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006. | |||
* title | |||
* URL | |||
* accessed date | |||
=== OCLC WorldCat Online === | |||
==== Book ==== | |||
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup] | |||
* title | |||
* type (book) | |||
* publisher name | |||
* publisher location | |||
* copyright date | |||
* isbn | |||
* oclc number | |||
* subjects | |||
* author | |||
* z39.88 (COinS) | |||
==== Journal ==== | |||
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example] | |||
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup] | |||
* title | |||
* type (journal) | |||
* publisher | |||
* issn | |||
* oclc number | |||
* subjects | |||
* z39.88 (COinS) | |||
====West Midland Bird Club==== | |||
Uses OpenCOinS | |||
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page] | |||
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports] | |||
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction] | |||
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction] | |||
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation] | |||
*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles] | |||
Features include: | |||
*title | |||
*author | |||
*date | |||
*price (historic, at time of publication) | |||
*format | |||
*publisher | |||
*number of pages | |||
*ISBN/ ISSN | |||
*product dimensions | |||
*page numbers of article | |||
*image(s) | |||
====Amazon==== | |||
Product listings, e.g. | |||
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825] | |||
*title | |||
*author | |||
*price | |||
*format | |||
*publisher | |||
*number of pages | |||
*language | |||
*ISBN | |||
*product dimensions | |||
*shipping weighta | |||
*average customer review | |||
*image | |||
*Amazon.com Sales Rank | |||
====ABE==== | |||
Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0] | |||
*title | |||
*author | |||
*ISBN | |||
*publisher | |||
*publication date | |||
*country | |||
*edition | |||
*condition | |||
*whether signed | |||
*format/binding | |||
*number of pages | |||
*bookseller | |||
*inventory number | |||
*price | |||
*shipping costs | |||
*quantity | |||
===Open URL=== | |||
* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]] | |||
===Upcoming=== | |||
====Open Library==== | |||
*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library] | |||
**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31] | |||
< | |||
[http:// | |||
== External Lists of Citation Examples == | |||
* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm | |||
== Implied schema == | == Implied schema == | ||
=== List of all properties === | |||
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together. | |||
* title | |||
* subtitle | |||
* author | |||
* editor | |||
* translator | |||
* image | |||
* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed) | |||
* language | |||
* description/Summary/abstract | |||
* excerpt | |||
* index terms | |||
* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.) | |||
RELATIONS | |||
* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.) | |||
* collection (series and so forth) | |||
* event (conference, etc.) | |||
* original (for republished material) | |||
LOCATION INFORMATION | |||
* pages | |||
* volume | |||
* series title | |||
* Series | |||
* edition | |||
* issue | |||
* publication | |||
* journal | |||
* part (1 of X) | |||
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES | |||
* Specifications (dimentions/weight) | |||
* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings) | |||
* | |||
* | |||
IDENTIFIERS | |||
* ISBN | |||
* LC Card Number | |||
* LCC Class | |||
* Dewey Class | |||
* URL | |||
* RFC ID | |||
* ISO/IEC ID | |||
* DOI | |||
* PubMedID | |||
PUBLISHER | |||
* | * publisher | ||
* | These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list. | ||
* | * refID (HTML @ID) | ||
* | * Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO) | ||
* | * Availability | ||
* | * Price | ||
* | * Shipping Weight | ||
* related | |||
* Product number (internal system code) | |||
* BookCode (internal system code) | |||
* AuthorsNote | |||
* Additional Information | |||
* Target Audience | |||
=== | === Analysis of Examples === | ||
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats: | |||
* title | |||
* subtitle | |||
* author | |||
* publication date | |||
* description | |||
* pages | |||
* ISBN | |||
* publisher | |||
== Styles == | |||
'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''. | |||
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles. | This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles. | ||
* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style] | * [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style] | ||
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles] | * [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles] | ||
* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info) | |||
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations | * [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations | ||
* [http://www. | * [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE] | ||
==Other examples== | |||
*[[citations_in_the_wild]] | |||
*[[blog-quote-examples]] | |||
==See also== | |||
{{citation-related-pages}} |
Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020
The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!
Citation Mark Up in the Wild
Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
ABC-CLIO Product detail page
ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup
- title
- subtitle
- author
- image
- publication date
- pages
- volumes
- specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
- Format - (Hardback, softback)
- Price
- ISBN
ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples
The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.
The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
Journal article:
- title
- authors
- Pages
- format (PDF)
- Additional Information
- abstract
- index terms
- journal
- issue
- volume
- pubdate
- DOI
Conference Proceedings:
- title
- authors
- author institutions
- source (conference + proceedings name)
- page
- year
- isbn
- publisher name & address
- DOI
- abstract
- subject category labels
- keywords
Amazon.com citation info
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
- title
- author
- series title
- page
CiteSeer database search results
The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
- author
- title
- journal
- pages
- publication date
- URL
- Accessed On
CiteULike.org citation listing
- title
- author
- subjects
- image
- Volume
- Number
- publication date
- page
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
- Z3988
- DOI
- Pubmed
- Hubmed
CiteProc XHTML Output
The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
- refID (HTML @ID)
- creator
- role (to indicate editors and translators)
- date
- title
- volume
- issue
- page
- issue
- container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
- type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
- edition
- publisher
- place
- location (for urls and physical locations)
- access date (for online items)
Google Cache
- url
- retrieved date
Greenwood Press featured book
greenwood press home page Original Markup
- title
- subtitle
- author
- ISBN
- Price
- Description
Greenwood Press product detail page
Product detail page Original Markup
- Title
- subtitle
- authors
- AuthorsNote
- BookCode (internal code system)
- ISBN
- Page
- Publisher
- Publication Date
- Price
- Availability
- MediaType
- categories
- LC Card Number
- LCC Class
- Dewey Class
IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup
- title
- authors
- journal
- issue
- volume
- issue
- pubdate
- page
- Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- summary
Marshall Cavendish product page
- ISBN
- Series
- Title
- publisher
- Specifications (dimentions/weight)
- Authors
- Target Audience
- Price
- description
Ning
- title
- publications date
- retrieved on
Oxford University Press (USA) home page
- title
- subTitle
- edition
- byline
- ISBN
- format - hardback
- publication Date
- price
- description
- related
Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page
Product page
- title
- subTitle
- edition
- byline
- image
- isbnNumber
- format - hardback
- pages
- publication Date
- availability
- price
Thomson Gale product detail page
- title
- excerp
- Volume
- Publisher
- description
- Published date
- ISBN
- Product number (internal code system)
- Pages
- Shipping Weight
- price
RFC vCard Example
- refID (HTML @ID)
- title
- publication
- title
- Journal
- Volume
- Issue
- page
- pubdate
- RFC ID
University of Virginia
- title
- publication date
- retrived on
- location
- organization
W3C XHTML Spec Example
- refID (HTML @ID)
- URL
- title
- subtitle
- part (1 of X)
- journal
- authors
- pubdate
- language
- ISO/IEC ID
- RFC ID
PubMed Medical Journal Example
- abstract
- title
- publisher
- journal
- date of publication
- volume
- issue
- pages
- language
- Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
- PubMedID
BibDesk Default Template
This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.
- Title
- Author
- Journal
- Volume
- Pages
- Date
- Url
- Abstract
Wikipedia
Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.
Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).
English Wikipedia
The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
Original Markup
- id
- title
- url
- Retrieved/Accessed On
- Publication Date
- Journal
Book
- title
- author
- publisher
- year
- ISBN
- url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
Book Infobox
The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.
See also Other Wikipedia book templates & Wikipedia citation templates.
- name
- title_orig
- translator
- image
- image_caption
- author
- illustrator
- cover_artist
- country
- language
- series
- subject
- genre
- publisher
- release_date
- english_release_date
- media_type
- pages
- isbn
- preceded_by
- followed_by
Journal Articles
See also:Wikipedia infobox for journals
- author (truncated list)
- year
- title
- journal title
- journal number
- page range
- DOI
Court cases
- title
- case number
- note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
- court name
- year
- description/abstract
U.S. Law
- title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
- chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
- chapter number
- section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
Conference presentations
- title
- location
- date
- author (implied - the page is about this person)
Historical Sources
- source / location
- title
- publisher
- year
- description
- url
U.S. Patent
- number
German Wikipedia
EPrints.org
Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
- title
- creator (author)
- description (abstract)
- date
- type
- identifier (a url)
- format
- a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
- fulltext
- this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.
In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
- title
- authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
- year
- conference
- conference location
Wolfram Mathworld
A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.
- authors
- title
- publisher (name and location)
- date (just year)
LibraryThing
Self-Citation Example
One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
- title
- author
- periodical (journal) title
- volume
- issue
- pages
- year
Citation of an Online Resource
At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
- title
- publication year
- department/author
- retrieval date
- URL
"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:
E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.
- author
- publication year
- web page title
- URL
- accessed date
"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:
Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.
- title
- URL
- accessed date
OCLC WorldCat Online
Book
- title
- type (book)
- publisher name
- publisher location
- copyright date
- isbn
- oclc number
- subjects
- author
- z39.88 (COinS)
Journal
- title
- type (journal)
- publisher
- issn
- oclc number
- subjects
- z39.88 (COinS)
West Midland Bird Club
Uses OpenCOinS
- Bibliography page
- Annual Reports
- 'Bird Notes' article reproduction
- 'British Birds' article reproduction
- 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation
- List of 'British Birds' articles
Features include:
- title
- author
- date
- price (historic, at time of publication)
- format
- publisher
- number of pages
- ISBN/ ISSN
- product dimensions
- page numbers of article
- image(s)
Amazon
Product listings, e.g. [4]
- title
- author
- price
- format
- publisher
- number of pages
- language
- ISBN
- product dimensions
- shipping weighta
- average customer review
- image
- Amazon.com Sales Rank
ABE
Product listings, e.g. [5]
- title
- author
- ISBN
- publisher
- publication date
- country
- edition
- condition
- whether signed
- format/binding
- number of pages
- bookseller
- inventory number
- price
- shipping costs
- quantity
Open URL
- See OpenURL
Upcoming
Open Library
- Open Library
- BBC news story 2007-07-31There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.
External Lists of Citation Examples
Implied schema
List of all properties
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.
- title
- subtitle
- author
- editor
- translator
- image
- date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
- language
- description/Summary/abstract
- excerpt
- index terms
- categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)
RELATIONS
- container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
- collection (series and so forth)
- event (conference, etc.)
- original (for republished material)
LOCATION INFORMATION
- pages
- volume
- series title
- Series
- edition
- issue
- publication
- journal
- part (1 of X)
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
- Specifications (dimentions/weight)
- Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
IDENTIFIERS
- ISBN
- LC Card Number
- LCC Class
- Dewey Class
- URL
- RFC ID
- ISO/IEC ID
- DOI
- PubMedID
PUBLISHER
- publisher
These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
- refID (HTML @ID)
- Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
- Availability
- Price
- Shipping Weight
- related
- Product number (internal system code)
- BookCode (internal system code)
- AuthorsNote
- Additional Information
- Target Audience
Analysis of Examples
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
- title
- subtitle
- author
- publication date
- description
- pages
- ISBN
- publisher
Styles
This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
- MLA Style
- Chicago, MLA, and APA styles
- Writer's Workshop citation style page (detailed citation style info)
- Blue Book for legal citations
- The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE
Other examples
See also
- citation
- citation-examples
- citation-examples-markup
- citation-formats
- citation-brainstorming
- citation-faq
- citation-issues
- Strawman microformats: