citation

<entry-title> Citation microformat efforts </entry-title>

This wiki page outlines the overall effort to develop a citation microformat per the process.

We are documenting current examples of cites/citations on the web today, their implicit/explicit schemas, and current cite/citation formats, with the intent of creating a citation microformat based on that research.

Authors

Tantek Çelik

Brian Suda

Ed Summers

Copyright

Public Domain Contribution Requirement. Since the author(s) released this work into the public domain, in order to maintain this work's public domain status, all contributors to this page agree to release their contributions to this page to the public domain as well. Contributors may indicate their agreement by adding the public domain release template to their user page per the Voluntary Public Domain Declarations instructions. Unreleased contributions may be reverted/removed.

• Tantek: I release all my contributions to this specification into the public domain and I encourage the other authors to do so as well.
• Brian Suda: I release all my contributions to this specification into the public domain and I encourage the other authors to do so as well.
• Ed Summers: I release all my contributions to this specification into the public domain and I encourage the other authors to do so as well.
• Michael McCracken: I release all my contributions to this specification into the public domain and I encourage the other authors to do so as well.

It's been long enough that we should begin going through the edit history and removing/replacing pre-2007-12-29 content in order to bring this page fully into the public domain. Tantek 00:53, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

• PD cleared from beginning to 2006-02-14T16:59:21
• To Do: clear edits from 2006-02-14T16:59:22 to 2007-06-26T21:55:41 (some of those edits may have ended up in other pages like citation-examples, citation-formats, citation-brainstorming so be sure to check to see if contributions propagated there).
  • As you remove/replace non-PD contributed content accordingly, please update the date range on this to do item.

Once the entire history has been PD-cleared, we can remove the Authors and Copyright sections, and simply include the PD template {{cc-pd-license}} instead.

Example Citations

Citation Examples are citations found in the wild that could benefit from semantic mark-up. This is a growing list of examples from all sorts of places including W3C specifications, RFCs and others. These are the examples which will determine the schema for the citation microformat.

Known Citation Formats

The Citation Formats Page will be a running tab of known formats for publishing citations.

Eventually, I would like to see a chart of how each value from the implicit schema determined by the citation-examples is represented in each format, and what formats have additional properties that do not map between them. (For example, Format1 calls 'author' 'author', in format2 'author' is called 'writer'. etc)

A Prescriptive Proposal

Here is a proposal which was derived from what one actually has to give as information in a citation in university work. (I don't know where to put that, so I put it right here.)

First, we need a frame, let's say "hcitation". Multiple citations can be put in a "hcitation" frame. Inside there, we need to describe the type of citation; I suggest "monograph", "anthology", "periodical" , "reference", "thesis" , "standard", "internet", or "specialist".

If a "label" was used to refer to the resource in the text (often in square brackets) it can be named so.

Here comes the list of field names we need: "article", "atime", "author", "ctime", "department", "edition", "editor", "eligibility", "employer", "number", "overalltitle", "pagerange", "part", "place", "publisher", "subseries", "title", "type", "url", "volume", "volumetitle", "year".

The field "page" is to mark up which page you actually quote from. Marking up whatever as "prefix" should give you a hint that this is to be put at first place, but not to refer to when sorting. E.G. "The" should be marked as "prefix" either in "The Crocodile" and also in "Crocodile, the".

Field	Description	monograph	anthology	periodical	thesis	standard	internet	specialist
article	Name of the Article in question		3	3
atime	Last access time for online resources. Use abbr convention for datetime encoding.			11			5
author	Creator. Use fn or n markup for every single entity.	1	1	1	1		1	1
ctime	Date / Last modification. Use abbr convention for datetime encoding.			8			4	5
department	special field / faculty				6			3
edition	Edition information	6	8			2
editor	Editors of an anthology. Use fn or n markup for every single entity. Add "transl" for translators and "comp" for compilers		4
eligibility	Qualification of a specialist							2
employer	Name of university eg.				4			4
number	Number	10	12	9		1
overalltitle	Overall Title / Title of series	9	11					8
pagerange	Page range of an article in an anthology / periodical		13	10
part	Part of article (if having several parts)			4
place	Place of publication	7	9		5
publisher	Publication house	8	10
subseries	Name of subseries, if any			6
title	The main title. Anthology: name of anthology. Periodical: name of periodical	3	5	5	3	3	3	6
type	Type (type of thesis or type of utterance (radio interview, e-mail, ...) of a specialist)				7			7
url	URL			12			6
volume	Volume information (eg. Vol. 22)	4	6	7
volumetitle	Volume title	5	7
year	Year of appearance. 4 digit year. Use abbr convention for datetime encoding.	2	2	2	2		2

This table shows what has to go together. Numbers give the typical ordered structure of the values. Other Information than given here (eg. ISBN, ...) actually has not to be put into citations, students would recive negative evaluations if they do so. (I hope this will help somehow. sorry for bad english.)

Sample Usage

<h1>The Bibliography</h1>

<table class="hcitation">
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[MR06]</th>
    <td class="monograph">
        <a name="sr06">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Miller</span>, 
                <span class="given-name">Michael</span>
                <span class="additional-name">C.</span>
            </span> ;
            <span class="author">
                <span class="given-name">Mathew</span>
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Roth</span>
            </span>
            (<span class="year">2006</span>):
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">Students' Jokes : A complete collection of jokes students laugh about</span>.
                Vol. <span class="volume">23</span>:
                <span class="volumetitle">Computational Linguists' Jokes</span>.
            </span>
            <span class="edition">4th completely revised Edition</span>.
            <span class="place">München</span> :
            <span class="publisher">Weltbild</span>
            (<span class="overalltitle">Fictional publications of munich's students</span>
            <span class="number">2675</span>)
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[R08a]</th>
    <td class="anthology">
        <a name="r08a">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Roth</span>, 
                <span class="given-name">Mathew</span>
            </span>
            (<span class="year">2008</span>):
            „<span class="article">Using semantic HTML for bibliographic citations</span>.“
            In: 
            <span class="editor">
                <span class="given-name">Michael</span>
                <span class="additional-name">B.</span>
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Smith</span>
            </span> ;
            <span class="editor">
                <span class="given-name">John</span>
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Miller</span>
            </span>
            (Eds.)
            (<span class="year">2008</span>):
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">Being POSH : Usage of semantic HTML in web pages</span>.
                Vol. <span class="volume">4</span>:
                <span class="volumetitle">Whatever you read</span>.
            </span>
            <span class="edition">1st Edition</span>.
            <span class="place">New York</span> :
            <span class="publisher">Public Press</span>
            (<span class="overalltitle">Books on data processing</span>
            <span class="number">1435</span>)
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[R08b]</th>
    <td class="periodical">
        <a name="r08b">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Roth</span>, 
                <span class="given-name">Mathew</span>
            </span>
            (<span class="year">2008</span>):
            „<span class="article">Using semantic HTML in scientific work</span>.“
            P. <span class="part">1</span>; P. <span class="part">2</span>.
            In:
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">The Computational Linguist</span>.
            </span>
            <span class="subseries">Development of the Semantic Web</span>.
            <span class="volume">2</span>
            (<span class="ctime">2008</span>)
            No. <span class="number">16</span>,
            Pp. <span class="pagerange">124–131</span>
            (Access: <span class="atime"><abbr title="20080714T1612+0200">14.07.2008 16:12 CEST</abbr></span>)
            <<span class="url">http://www.sample.url/web/address/1234.pdf</span>>
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[S07]</th>
    <td class="thesis">
        <a name="s07">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Smith</span>, 
                <span class="given-name">John</span>
            </span>
            (<span class="year">2007</span>):
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">Semantic Data Extraction from the World Wide Web</span>.
            </span>
            <span class="employer">University of <span class="place">Munich</span></span>,
            <span class="department">Department of Computational Linguistics</span>,
            <span class="type">Diss.</span>
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[SVG11]</th>
    <td class="standard">
        <a name="svg11">
            <span class="number">ISO 1234567</span>
            (<span class="edition">1-2003</edition>):
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification</span>.
            </span>
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[Wik08]</th>
    <td class="internet">
        <a name="wik08">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span>, 
            </span>
            (<span class="year">2008</span>):
            <span style="font-style: italic; ">
                <span class="title">Microformat</span>.
            </span>
            (Version: <abbr class="ctime" title="2008-06-19">19th June 2008</abbr>.
            Access: <abbr class="atime" title="20080703T1423+0200">3rd July 2008 14:23 CEST</abbr>)
            <<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microformat&oldid=220275451" class="url">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microformat&oldid=220275451</a>>
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <th scope="row" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">[W08]</th>
    <td class="specialist">
        <a name="w08">
            <span class="author firstauthor">
                <span class="family-name" style="font-variant: small-caps; ">Wang</span>, 
                <span class="given-name">Wu</span>
            </span>
            (<span class="eligibility">Professor of Informatics</span>,
            <span class="department">Department of Applied Sciences</span>,
            <span class="employer">University of Michigan</span>)
            (<abbr class="ctime" title="20000801T0918+0100D0007">01.08.2000, 9:18–9:25 MEZ</abbr>)
            <span class="title">Science News</span>.
            <span class="type">Interview</span>.
            <span class="overalltitle">Michigan Television</span>
        </a>
    </td>
</tr>
</table>

Issues

The citation-issues page is intended to capture ongoing issues.

To Do

• Using existing class names and creating new names, create property names for the profile
• Based on implicit schemas in citation-examples, and terms from one or more citation-formats, do some citation-brainstorming for a simple citation microformat.
• Create additional strawman proposals

Modularity

My hope for this microformat is that it can be a sort of module that can be used in other microformats. Once this is developed and flushed out, citation references could easily be used for publications on a Resume/CV, therefore the citation microformat would be a module (subset) of all the possible Resume Values.

Other Microformats that could use the Citation Module

• hResume
• work-of-art

Other Microformats that the Citation Module will use

• hCard encodings for things like Author, Publisher (people and companies)
• hAtom encodings as a possible container, and author/date-time properties
• rel-tag encoding for keywords
• rel-license encoding for copyright

References

Informative References

• COinS
• XMLResume: if part of the drive for citations is for publications for a resume/CV then some of this information could be useful
• CiteUlike is a free service to help academics to share, store, and organise the academic papers they are reading
• Connotea is a scientific bookmarking service from Nature.
• OpenURL with Autodiscovery
• "Gather, Create, Share" and "Personal Collection Systems" memes, and systems implementing either or both
• Metadata Object Description Schema developed by the Library of Congress
• Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in Dublin Core Metadata
• BibTeX reference from Dana Jacobsen
• RIS Format Specification from Thomson ResearchSoft, makers of ReferenceManager
• Zotero - "Firefox extension to help you collect, manage, and cite your research sources"
• DOI (CrossRef Guidelines for use of DOIs in citations)
• INFO URI (URI scheme for representing legacy namespaces)
• ISBN (ISBN on Wikipedia)
• ISSN (ISSN on Wikipedia)
• Open Citation Project - OpCit, a three year (1999-2002)R&D project funded by the Joint NSF - JISC International Digital Libraries Research Programme.
• DocBook (markup langauige for books); DocBook on Wikipedia
• RDA: Resource Description and Access

See Also

• citation
• citation-examples
• citation-examples-markup
• citation-formats
• citation-brainstorming
• citation-faq
• citation-issues
• Strawman microformats:
  • hCite
  • h3988 (brainstorming, issues)