citation-examples: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020

The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup

title
subtitle
author
image
publication date
pages
volumes
specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
Format - (Hardback, softback)
Price
ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.

The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

title
authors
Pages
format (PDF)
Additional Information
abstract
index terms
journal
issue
volume
pubdate
DOI

Conference Proceedings:

title
authors
author institutions
source (conference + proceedings name)
page
year
isbn
publisher name & address
DOI
abstract
subject category labels
keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

Amazon's Original Markup

title
author
series title
page

CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

author
title
journal
pages
publication date
URL
Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike

CiteULike's Original Markup

title
author
subjects
image
Volume
Number
publication date
page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

Z3988
DOI
Pubmed
Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

CiteProc Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

refID (HTML @ID)
creator
role (to indicate editors and translators)
date
title
volume
issue
page
issue
container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
edition
publisher
place
location (for urls and physical locations)
access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

url
retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page Original Markup

title
subtitle
author
ISBN
Price
Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page Original Markup

Title
subtitle
authors
AuthorsNote
BookCode (internal code system)
ISBN
Page
Publisher
Publication Date
Price
Availability
MediaType
categories
LC Card Number
LCC Class
Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Original Markup

title
authors
journal
issue
volume
issue
pubdate
page
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
summary

Marshall Cavendish product page

product page Original Markup

ISBN
Series
Title
publisher
Specifications (dimentions/weight)
Authors
Target Audience
Price
description

Ning

Original Example

title
publications date
retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage Original Markup

title
subTitle
edition
byline
ISBN
format - hardback
publication Date
price
description
related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

Original Markup

title
subTitle
edition
byline
image
isbnNumber
format - hardback
pages
publication Date
availability
price

Thomson Gale product detail page

Original Markup

title
excerp
Volume
Publisher
description
Published date
ISBN
Product number (internal code system)
Pages
Shipping Weight
price

RFC vCard Example

Original Markup

refID (HTML @ID)
title
publication
title
Journal
Volume
Issue
page
pubdate
RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

title
publication date
retrived on
location
organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

Original Markup

refID (HTML @ID)
URL
title
subtitle
part (1 of X)
journal
authors
pubdate
language
ISO/IEC ID
RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

PubMed Medical Journal Example

Original Markup

abstract
title
publisher
journal
date of publication
volume
issue
pages
language
Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

Title
Author
Journal
Volume
Pages
Date
Url
Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.

Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).

English Wikipedia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Original Markup

id
title
url
Retrieved/Accessed On
Publication Date
Journal

Book

Example Example Markup

title
author
publisher
year
ISBN
url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)

Book Infobox

The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.

name
title_orig
translator
image
image_caption
author
illustrator
cover_artist
country
language
series
subject
genre
publisher
release_date
english_release_date
media_type
pages
isbn
preceded_by
followed_by

Journal Articles

Court cases

Example Example Markup

title
case number
- note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
court name
year
description/abstract

U.S. Law

Example Example Markup

title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
chapter number
section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)

Conference presentations

Example Example Markup

title
location
date
author (implied - the page is about this person)

Historical Sources

Example Example Markup

source / location
title
publisher
year
description
url

U.S. Patent

Example Example Markup

number

German Wikipedia

citing styles

EPrints.org

example example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

title
creator (author)
description (abstract)
date
type
identifier (a url)
format
- a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
fulltext
- this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

title
authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
year
conference
conference location

Wolfram Mathworld

example example markup

A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.

authors
title
publisher (name and location)
date (just year)

LibraryThing

[2] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
- e.g. [3]

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

title
author
periodical (journal) title
volume
issue
pages
year

Citation of an Online Resource

example markup

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

title
publication year
department/author
retrieval date
URL

"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:

E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.

author
publication year
web page title
URL
accessed date

"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:

Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.

title
URL
accessed date

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

title
type (book)
publisher name
publisher location
copyright date
isbn
oclc number
subjects
author
z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example example-makrup

title
type (journal)
publisher
issn
oclc number
subjects
z39.88 (COinS)

West Midland Bird Club

Uses OpenCOinS

Features include:

title
author
date
price (historic, at time of publication)
format
publisher
number of pages
ISBN/ ISSN
product dimensions
page numbers of article
image(s)

Amazon

Product listings, e.g. [4]

title
author
price
format
publisher
number of pages
language
ISBN
product dimensions
shipping weighta
average customer review
image
Amazon.com Sales Rank

ABE

Product listings, e.g. [5]

title
author
ISBN
publisher
publication date
country
edition
condition
whether signed
format/binding
number of pages
bookseller
inventory number
price
shipping costs
quantity

Open URL

See OpenURL

Upcoming

Open Library

Open Library
- There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.
  - BBC news story 2007-07-31

External Lists of Citation Examples

http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

title
subtitle
author
editor
translator
image
date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
language
description/Summary/abstract
excerpt
index terms
categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
collection (series and so forth)
event (conference, etc.)
original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

pages
volume
series title
Series
edition
issue
publication
journal
part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

Specifications (dimentions/weight)
Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

ISBN
LC Card Number
LCC Class
Dewey Class
URL
RFC ID
ISO/IEC ID
DOI
PubMedID

PUBLISHER

publisher

These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

refID (HTML @ID)
Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
Availability
Price
Shipping Weight
related
Product number (internal system code)
BookCode (internal system code)
AuthorsNote
Additional Information
Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

title
subtitle
author
publication date
description
pages
ISBN
publisher

Styles

This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

MLA Style
Chicago, MLA, and APA styles
Writer's Workshop citation style page (detailed citation style info)
Blue Book for legal citations
The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<h1> Citation Examples </h1>
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: Citation Examples }}
 The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
-See also:
+'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks!
-* [[citation]]
-* [[citation-formats]]
-* [[citation-brainstorming]]
 __TOC__
-== Contributors ==
-* ...
-* ...
-* Tantek Çelik
-* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
-* Tim White
 == Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
-Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
+Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
-(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])
+=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
+[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example]
+[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]]
-=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
+* title
 * subtitle
-* title
 * author
-* Image
+* image
-* pubdate
+* publication date
 * pages
 * volumes
-* trimsize (book dimentions 8.5x11)
+* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
-* Format
+* Format - (Hardback, softback)
 * Price
 * ISBN
-=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
+=== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ===
+The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
+The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
+''Journal article:''
+* title
+* authors
+* Pages
+* format (PDF)
+* Additional Information
+* abstract
+* index terms
+* journal
+* issue
+* volume
+* pubdate
+* DOI
+''Conference Proceedings:''
+* title
+* authors
+* author institutions
+* source (conference + proceedings name)
+* page
+* year
+* isbn
+* publisher name & address
+* DOI
+* abstract
+* subject category labels
+* keywords
+=== Amazon.com citation info ===
+This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
+[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]]
+* title
+* author
+* series title
+* page
+=== CiteSeer database search results ===
+The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
+#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]]
+#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]]
+* author
+* title
+* journal
+* pages
+* publication date
+* URL
+* Accessed On
+=== CiteULike.org citation listing ===
+[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
+[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]]
 * title
-* sub_title
 * author
-* isbn
+* subjects
-* price
+* image
-* bookDescription
+* Volume
+* Number
+* publication date
+* page
+Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
+* Z3988
+* DOI
+* Pubmed
+* Hubmed
+=== CiteProc XHTML Output ===
+[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]]
+The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
+* refID (HTML @ID)
+* creator
+* role (to indicate editors and translators)
+* date
+* title
+* volume
+* issue
+* page
+* issue
+* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
+* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
+* edition
+* publisher
+* place
+* location (for urls and physical locations)
+* access date (for online items)
+=== Google Cache ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup]
+* url
+* retrieved date
+=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
+[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
+* title
+* subtitle
+* author
+* ISBN
+* Price
+* Description
-=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
+=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
+[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]
 * Title
-* SubTitle
+* subtitle
 * authors
 * AuthorsNote
-* BookCode
+* BookCode (internal code system)
-* Isbn
+* ISBN
-* PageColation
+* Page
-* Imprint
+* Publisher
-* PubDate
+* Publication Date
-* ListPrice
+* Price
 * Availability
 * MediaType
-* BookInformation (categories)
+* categories
 * LC Card Number
 * LCC Class
-* Dewey Class:
+* Dewey Class
-=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
+=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]
-* ISBN Number
+* title
+* authors
+* journal
+* issue
+* volume
+* issue
+* pubdate
+* page
+* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
+* summary
+=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
+[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]
+* ISBN
 * Series
 * Title
-* Imprint
+* publisher
 * Specifications (dimentions/weight)
 * Authors
@@ Line 74: / Line 195: @@
 * description
-=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
+=== Ning ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example]
+* title
+* publications date
+* retrieved on
+=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
+[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]
 * title
@@ Line 80: / Line 209: @@
 * edition
 * byline
-* isbnNumber
+* ISBN
 * format - hardback
-* publicationDate
+* publication Date
 * price
 * description
 * related
-=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
+=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
+ [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]
 * title
@@ Line 97: / Line 228: @@
 * format - hardback
 * pages
-* publicationDate
+* publication Date
 * availability
-* cost
+* price
 === Thomson Gale product detail page ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]
-* title_main
+* title
 * excerp
 * Volume
-* Published by
+* Publisher
 * description
-* Published/Released
+* Published date
-* ISBN:
+* ISBN
-* Product number
+* Product number (internal code system)
-* Page count:
+* Pages
-* Shipping Weight:
+* Shipping Weight
 * price
-== Breakdown of Citation Elements ==
+=== RFC vCard Example ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]
-Using the above examples, various parts of the citations (titles, authors, etc.) can be grouped together for comparision:
+* refID (HTML @ID)
+* title
+* publication
+* title
+* Journal
+* Volume
+* Issue
+* page
+* pubdate
+* RFC ID
-=== Book titles: ===
+=== University of Virginia ===
-<pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup]
-&lt;span id="title" class="producttitle"&gt;The 1920's&lt;/span&gt;
+* title
-(ABC-CLIO product detail page)
+* publication date
+* retrived on
+* location
+* organization
-&lt;div class="title"&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
-(Greenwood Press homepage)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]
-&lt;span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block"&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/span&gt;
+* refID (HTML @ID)
-(Greenwood Press product detail page)
+* URL
+* title
+* subtitle
+* part (1 of X)
+* journal
+* authors
+* pubdate
+* language
+* ISO/IEC ID
+* RFC ID
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Title&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-(Marshall Cavendish product detail page)
-&lt;h2&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
+=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
-(Oxford Univ. Press, homepage)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]
-&lt;h1&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/h1&gt;
+* abstract
-(OUP, product detail page)
+* title
+* publisher
+* journal
+* date of publication
+* volume
+* issue
+* pages
+* language
+* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
+* PubMedID
-&lt;h2&gt;Contemporary Literary Criticism&lt;/h2&gt;
+=== BibDesk Default Template ===
-(Thomson Gale, product detail page)
+[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]]
-&lt;span id="ctlBookDetailHeader_lblTitle" class="ProdTitle"&gt;Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods&lt;/span&gt; (SAGE Publications)
+This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.
-</pre>
-Also, many examples where books presented in table format with Title as cell header, or presented "Title: "
-=== Book Series Name: ===
+* Title
-<pre>
+* Author
-&lt;span id="serieslbl" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;a href="..."&gt;Teaching With Documents Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+* Journal
-(ABC-CLIO)
+* Volume
-</pre>
+* Pages
+* Date
+* Url
+* Abstract
-=== Sub-title: ===
+=== Wikipedia ===
-<pre>
+[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.
-&lt;span id="subtitle" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
+Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).
-&lt;div class="sub_title"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/div&gt;
+==== English Wikipedia ====
-(Greenwood, homepage)
+The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
-&lt;span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/span&gt;
+===== Original Markup =====
-(Greenwood, product page)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup]
+* id
+* title
+* url
+* Retrieved/Accessed On
+* Publication Date
+* Journal
+===== Book =====
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]
-&lt;div class="subTitle"&gt; The American Revolution, 1763-1789 &lt;/div&gt;
+* title
-(OUP)
+* author
-</pre>
+* publisher
+* year
+* ISBN
+* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
-=== Author: ===
+===== Book Infobox =====
-<pre>
-&lt;span id="credit" class="productauthor"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
+The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.
-&lt;div class="author"&gt;William M. Clements&lt;/div&gt;
+See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates].
-(Greenwood)
+* name
+* title_orig
+* translator
+* image
+* image_caption
+* author
+* illustrator
+* cover_artist
+* country
+* language
+* series
+* subject
+* genre
+* publisher
+* release_date
+* english_release_date
+* media_type
+* pages
+* isbn
+* preceded_by
+* followed_by
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Authors&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-(Marshall Cavendish)
-&lt;div class="byline"&gt; Robert Middlekauff &lt;/div&gt;
+===== Journal Articles =====
-(OUP)
+See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals]
-</pre>
-=== Publication Date: ===
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
-<pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]
-&lt;span id="pubdate" class="productdetailbody"&gt;11/2001&lt;/span&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO -- see table structure)
+* author (truncated list)
+* year
+* title
+* journal title
+* journal number
+* page range
+* [http://doi.org DOI]
-&lt;div id="pnlPubDate"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;Publication Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblPubDate"&gt;12/30/2005&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+===== Court cases =====
-(Greenwood, detail page)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]
+* title
+* case number
+** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"''
+* court name
+* year
+* description/abstract
-&lt;span class="publicationDate"&gt; Feb 2005 &lt;/span&gt;
+===== U.S. Law =====
-(OUP)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]
+* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
+* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
+* chapter number
+* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
-&lt;li&gt;Published/Released:&lt;strong&gt; March 1973&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+===== Conference presentations =====
-(Thomson Gale)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
-</pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]
-=== Volumes: ===
+* title
-<pre>
+* location
-&lt;td ... class="productdetailhead"&gt;&lt;span id="volumeslabel" class="productdetailhead"&gt;Volumes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+* date
-&lt;td ... class="productdetailbody"&gt;&lt;span id="volumes" class="productdetailbody"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+* author (implied - the page is about this person)
-(ABC-CLIO)
-</pre>
-=== ISBN: ===
-<pre>
-&lt;td class="productdetailhead" ...&gt;&lt;span id="ISBNLabel"&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-&lt;td class="productdetailbody"&gt;1-57607-785-3&lt;/td&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
+===== Historical Sources =====
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]
-&lt;div class="isbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/div&gt;
+* source / location
-(Greenwood, homepage)
+* title
+* publisher
+* year
+* description
+* url
-&lt;div id="pnlIsbn"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;ISBN:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblIsbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+===== U.S. Patent =====
-(Greenwood, product page)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]
+* number
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;ISBN Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+==== German Wikipedia ====
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;9812102108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles]
-(Marshall Cavendish)
+=== EPrints.org ===
-&lt;span class="isbnNumber"&gt;0195162471&lt;/span&gt;
+[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
-(OUP)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]
+Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
-&lt;li&gt;ISBN: &lt;strong&gt;0-8103-0100-8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+* title
-(Thomson Gale)
+* creator (author)
-</pre>
+* description (abstract)
+* date
+* type
+* identifier (a url)
+* format
+** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
+* fulltext
+** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.
-=== Book Edition: ===
+In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
-<pre>
+*  title
-&lt;div class="edition"&gt; Revised and Expanded Edition &lt;/div&gt;
+* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
-(OUP)
+* year
-</pre>
+* conference
-Added by [[User:Tim White|Tim]]
+* conference location
-== RFC vCard Example ==
+=== Wolfram Mathworld ===
-<pre><nowiki>
-.  References
-   [ISO 8601]    ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats -
+[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example]
-                 Information interchange - Representation of dates and
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup]
-                 times - The International Organization for
-                 Standardization, June, 1988.
-   [ISO 8601 TC] ISO 8601, Technical Corrigendum 1 - Data elements and
+A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.
-                 interchange formats - Information interchange -
-                 Representation of dates and times - The International
-                 Organization for Standardization, May, 1991.
-   [ISO 9070]    ISO 9070, Information Processing - SGML support
+* authors
-                 facilities - Registration Procedures for Public Text
+* title
-                 Owner Identifiers, April, 1991.
+* publisher (name and location)
+* date (just year)
-   [CCITT E.163] Recommendation E.163 - Numbering Plan for The
+===LibraryThing===
-                 International Telephone Service, CCITT Blue Book,
+*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
-                 Fascicle II.2, pp.  128-134, November, 1988.
+**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy]
-   [CCITT X.121] Recommendation X.121 - International Numbering Plan for
+=== Self-Citation Example ===
-                 Public Data Networks, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3,
+[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
-                 pp. 317-332, November, 1988.
+* title
+* author
+* periodical (journal) title
+* volume
+* issue
+* pages
+* year
-   [CCITT X.520] Recommendation X.520 - The Directory - Selected
+=== Citation of an Online Resource ===
-                 Attribute Types, November 1988.
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup]
-   [CCITT X.521] Recommendation X.521 - The Directory - Selected Object
+At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html  Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:
-                 Classes, November 1988.
-   [MIME-DIR]    Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A MIME Content-
+Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
-                 Type for Directory Information", RFC 2425, September
-.
-   [RFC 1738]    Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
+* title
-                 "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December
+* publication year
-.
+* department/author
+* retrieval date
+* URL
-   [RFC 1766]    Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
-                 Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.
-   [RFC 1872]    Levinson, E., "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-
+[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this:
-                 type", RFC 1872, December 1995.
-   [RFC 2045]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
+E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.
-                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet
-                 Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
-   [RFC 2046]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
+* author
-                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC
+* publication year
-, November 1996.
+* web page title
+* URL
+* accessed date
-   [RFC 2047]    Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
-                 (MIME) - Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
-                 Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.
-   [RFC 2048]    Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
+[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources:
-                 Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four:
-                 Registration Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.
-   [RFC 2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.
-                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
-   [RFC 2234]    Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
+* title
-                 Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
+* URL
+* accessed date
-   [UNICODE]     "The Unicode Standard - Version 2.0", The Unicode
+=== OCLC WorldCat Online ===
-                 Consortium, July 1996.
-   [VCARD]       Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The Electronic
+==== Book ====
-                 Business Card Version 2.1",
+[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup]
-                 http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt, September 18,
-.
-</nowiki></pre>
-[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2426.html vCard RFC]
-== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
+* title
-<pre><nowiki>
+* type (book)
-<h1><a name="refs" id="refs">E.</a> References</h1>
+* publisher name
+* publisher location
-<p><strong>This appendix is informative.</strong></p>
+* copyright date
+* isbn
-<dl>
+* oclc number
-<dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><strong>[CSS2]</strong></a></dt>
+* subjects
+* author
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification</a></cite>", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.<br />
+* z39.88 (COinS)
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><strong>[DOM]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></cite>", Lauren Wood <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</em>, 1 October
-.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-dom2" id="ref-dom2"><strong>[DOM2]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification</a></cite>", A. Le&#160;Hors, <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
-al.</em>, 13 November 2000.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><strong>[HTML]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", D. Raggett, A. Le&#160;Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-posix.1" id="ref-posix.1"><strong>[POSIX.1]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]</cite>", Institute of Electrical
-and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc2045" name="ref-rfc2045"><strong>[RFC2045]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November
-. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><strong>[RFC2046]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996.<br />
-Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><strong>[RFC2119]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>", S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><strong>[RFC2376]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt">RFC2376: XML Media Types</a></cite>", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.<br />
-This document is obsoleted by [<a href="#ref-rfc3023">RFC3023</a>].<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><strong>[RFC2396]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>", T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.<br />
-This document updates RFC1738 and RFC1808.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2854" id="ref-rfc2854"><strong>[RFC2854]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt">RFC2854: The text/html Media Type</a></cite>", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June 2000.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc3023" id="ref-rfc3023"><strong>[RFC3023]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">RFC3023: XML Media Types</a></cite>", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January 2001.<br />
-This document obsoletes [<a href="#ref-rfc2376">RFC2376</a>].<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc3066" name="ref-rfc3066"><strong>[RFC3066]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">Tags for the Identification of Languages</a>", H. Alvestrand, January 2001.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc3236" name="ref-rfc3236"><strong>[RFC3236]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt">The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media Type</a>", M. Baker, P. Stark, January 2002.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtml-mathml" name="ref-xhtml-mathml"><strong>[XHTML+MathML]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd><cite>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">XHTML plus Math 1.1 <abbr title="Document Type Definition">DTD</abbr></a></cite>", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical
-Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmime" name="ref-xhtmlmime"><strong>[XHTMLMIME]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">XHTML Media Types</a></cite>", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August 2002.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmod" name="ref-xhtmlmod"><strong>[XHTMLMOD]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML</a></cite>", M. Altheim et al., 10 April 2001.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><strong>[XML]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>", T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October
-.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><strong>[XMLNS]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a>", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.<br />
-XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-xmlc14n" id="ref-xmlc14n"><strong>[XMLC14N]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical XML Version 1.0</a>", J. Boyer, 15 March 2001.<br />
-This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML document.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n</dd>
-</dl>
-</nowiki></pre>
-[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]
-== CiteProc XHTML Output ==
-The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
-<pre><nowiki>
- <div id="bibliography">
-   <h3>References</h3>
-   <p id="Brenner2000a" class="bibref">
-    <span class="creator">Brenner, N.</span>
-    <span class="date"> (<span class="year">2000</span>) </span>
-    <span class="title">The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections
-    on Henri Lefebre, Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, </span>
-    <span class="container">
-      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">International Journal of
-        Urban and Regional Research, </span>
-      <span class="volume">24</span>
-      <span class="issue">(2)</span>
-      <span class="locator">, pp. 361–78</span>
-      </span>.
-    </p>
-   <p id="NW2000-0207" class="bibref">
-     <span class="creator">Newsweek</span>
-     <span class="date">
-       (<span class="year">2000a</span>
-       <span class="month">, February</span>
-       <span class="day"> 7</span>)
-     </span>
-     <span class="title">The Grandmas Pay a Visit, </span>
-     <span class="container">
-       <span class="volume">135</span>
-       <span class="issue">(6)</span>
-       <span class="locator">, pp. 45</span>
-     </span>.
-   </p>
-   <p id="Veer1996a" class="bibref">
-     <span class="creator">van der Veer, P.</span>
-     <span class="date"><span class="year"> (1996) </span></span>
-     <span class="title">Riots and Rituals: The Construction of Violence
-       and Public Space in Hindu Nationalism</span>
-     <span class="container">, In Brass, P.<span class="role"> (Ed.)</span>.
-       <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">Riots and Pogroms.</span>
-       <span class="origin"><span class="place">New York</span>
-       <span class="publisher">: NYU Press</span></span>
-       <span class="locator">, pp. 154–76</span>
-     </span>.
-   </p>
- </div>
-</nowiki></pre>
-== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==
-The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
+==== Journal ====
+[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]
-First, the markup for one entry from the table of contents page for the ACM TACO (Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization) journal:
+* title
+* type (journal)
+* publisher
+* issn
+* oclc number
+* subjects
+* z39.88 (COinS)
-<pre>
+====West Midland Bird Club====
-<nowiki>
+Uses OpenCOinS
-<td align="left" class="small-text">
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page]
-<a href="citation.cfm?id=1113841.1113842&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=1113841&part=periodical&WantType=periodical&title=ACM%20Transactions%20on%20Architecture%20and%20Code%20Optimization%20%28TACO%29&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650"class="medium-text" target="_self">
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports]
-<strong>Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization </strong>
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction]
-</a>
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction]
-<br>
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation]
- Wankang Zhao, David Whalley, Christopher Healy, Frank Mueller
+*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles]
-<br>
-<small> Pages: 335 - 365</small>
-<br>Full text available:&nbsp;<A HREF="ft_gateway.cfm?id=1113842&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650" target="_blank"><img src="images/pdf_logo.gif" ... height="16" hspace="1" alt="pdf format" border="0" align="texttop">Pdf</A>(510&nbsp;KB)
-<div class="smaller-text"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellpadding="0"><tr valign="top"><td class="smaller-text" nowrap>Additional Information:</td>
+Features include:
-<td class="smaller-text"><img src="img/doc_blank.gif" ... height="16" alt="" border="0" align="texttop">
+*title
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=cit&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#CIT" target="_self">full citation</a>,
+*author
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=abstract&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#abstract" target="_self">abstract</A>,
+*date
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=references&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#references" target="_self"> references</A>,
+*price (historic, at time of publication)
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=indexterms&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#indexterms" target="_self"> index terms</A></td></tr></table></div></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
+*format
-</nowiki>
+*publisher
-</pre>
+*number of pages
+*ISBN/ ISSN
+*product dimensions
+*page numbers of article
+*image(s)
-The markup for the 'full citation' page is similar, with a little more information about the authors.
+====Amazon====
+Product listings, e.g.
+[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825]
+*title
+*author
+*price
+*format
+*publisher
+*number of pages
+*language
+*ISBN
+*product dimensions
+*shipping weighta
+*average customer review
+*image
+*Amazon.com Sales Rank
-Here's the markup from the 'ACM Ref' link, which apparently is how they suggest you format it:
+====ABE====
-<pre>
+Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0]
-<nowiki>
+*title
-Zhao, W., Whalley, D., Healy, C., and Mueller, F. 2005.
+*author
-Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization.
+*ISBN
-<i>ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.</i> 2, 4 (Dec. 2005), 335-365.
+*publisher
-DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1113841.1113842
+*publication date
-</nowiki>
+*country
-</pre>
+*edition
+*condition
+*whether signed
+*format/binding
+*number of pages
+*bookseller
+*inventory number
+*price
+*shipping costs
+*quantity
-== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==
+===Open URL===
-<pre><nowiki>
+* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]]
-<td width="96%" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" valign="middle">
-<strong>On the parallel execution time of tiled loops</strong><br>
-Hogstedt, K.; Carter, L.; Ferrante, J.<br>
-<A href='/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71'>Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on</A><br>
-Volume: 14
-&nbsp;Issue: 3
+===Upcoming===
-&nbsp;March 2003 <br />
+====Open Library====
-Page(s):  307- 321<br>
+*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library]
-Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPDS.2003.1189587<br>
+**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31]
-<div id="menu0" style="display:block"><strong>Summary:&nbsp;</strong> Many
-computationally-intensive programs, such as those for differential equations, spatial
-interpolation, and dynamic programming, spend a large portion of their execution time in
-multiply-nested loops that have a regular stencil of data dependences.....</div>
-</td>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== CiteSeer database search results ==
-The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
-Here's what you see on the main page for a given paper - this information is duplicated everywhere on the page, but this is where it's formatted most like an academic citation:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<font size=-1>Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
-Automated support for program refactoring using invariants. In ICSM, pages 736-- 743,
-November 2001. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kataoka01automated.html &nbsp;
-<a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/check/1791139">More</a></font><br>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-Clicking on the 'More' link in the above text gets you a page with a listing of all the ways they found it written out as a citation in other papers. This is an example of how they mark up each of those entries:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<br>
-Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
-<i>Automated support for program refactoring using invariants</i>.
- In ICSM, pages 736-- 743, November 2001.<br>
-<br>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== CiteULike.org citation listing ==
-[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] is a shared reference database site that allows organization using tags and ratings. The site imports from many unstructured web resources using mostly screen-scraping plugins (I think --Mike)
-Here is an example of the markup for one article on the main page:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<tr>
-  <td...>
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        <a class="title" href="/user/jrw/article/505272">Geometric phases in adiabatic open quantum systems</a>
-        <div class="vague"></div>
-        <div class="vague">by<a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Sarandy">Sarandy</a> MS,
-          <a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Lidar">Lidar</a> DA</div>
-        <div class="vague">
-          posted to <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/geometry">geometry</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/physics">physics</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum">quantum</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum-information">quantum-information</a>
-          by <a href="/user/jrw">jrw</a>
-          as <img alt="x"src="http://static.citeulike.org/img/star2.png" />
-          on&nbsp;2006-02-14 18:36:22
-        </div>
-      </li>
-    </ul>
-  </td>
-</tr>
-</nowiki></pre>
-And here is markup from the detail page for another publication:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<div class="content">
-<table...>
-  <tr>
-    <td...><h1>T-Coffee: A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment.</h1></td>
-  <td>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<div class="vague"><i>J Mol Biol</i>, Vol. 302, No. 1. (8 September 2000), pp. 205-217.</div>
-<br>
-<h2>Authors</h2>
-<ul>
-  <li>
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Notredame">Notredame</a> C</span>,
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Higgins">Higgins</a> DG</span>,
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Heringa">Heringa</a> J</span>
-  </li>
-</ul>
-..
-<table...>
-  <tr>
-    <td ...>
-      <h2>Online Article
-        <span class="Z3988"
-          title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/citeulike.org/citeulike&amp;rft.aufirst=&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10%2e1006%2fjmbi%2e2000%2e4042&amp;rft.spage=205&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Notredame&amp;rft.title=J+Mol+Biol&amp;rft.epage=217&amp;rft.issn=0022%2d2836&amp;rft.volume=302&amp;rft.auinit=C&amp;rft.atitle=T%2dCoffee%3a+A+novel+method+for+fast+and+accurate+multiple+sequence+alignment%2e&amp;date=2000-9-8&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;genre=article">
-        </span>
-      </h2>
-    </td>
-  </div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td ...>
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">DOI:</span>
-        <a accesskey="1" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4042" rel="nofollow">View article online</a>
-      </li>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">Pubmed:</span>
-        <a accesskey="2"
-          href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
-            View article online</a>
-      </li>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">Hubmed:</span>
-        <a accesskey="3" href="http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
-          View article online</a>
-      </li>
-    </ul>
-  </td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== Amazon.com citation info ==
-This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
-<pre><nowiki>
-<a name='citing' ></a><b>This book cites 10 books:</b><br />
-<ul...>
-  <li>
-    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1555424236/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance">
-      The New Faculty Member: Supporting and Fostering Professional Development (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
-    </a>
-    by Robert Boice on
-    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S04X&checkSum=vptuDOjULIOadVNe9UFX36fnIKktwxxQOeBmFQupyrA%3D">page 156</a>, and <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S088&checkSum=vptuDOjULINm2bvcL37hZR%2BcnJi%2F9hhUyu1%2FlXWnOM8%3D">
-      page 275
-    </a>
-  </li>
-  <li>
-    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0137947364/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance" >Science, Technology and Society</a>
-    by Robert E. McGinn on
-    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S023&checkSum=vptuDOjULIMgFwAeeT8gWiDHmklkxfy%2BGug%2BAS7UI2Y%3D">page 54</a></li><li>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== PubMed Medical Journal Example ==
-Still another example of markup in the wild, coming from a search for "pancreas" in the New England Journal of Medicine from pubmed.org.
-Note the title attribute with the expanded version of the canonical abbreviation for the journal.
-<pre><nowiki>
-<tr>
-<td ...>
-<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15371579&itool=iconnoabstr&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum">
-    <img alt="No abstract" id="No abstract_15371579" ... Title="No abstract">
-</a>
-</td>
-<td ...>Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.<br>
-<font size="-1">
-<span title="The New England journal of medicine.">N Engl J Med.</span> 2004 Sep 16;351(12):1218-26. Review. No abstract available. <br>
-PMID: 15371579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-</font>
-</td>
-</nowiki></pre>
+== External Lists of Citation Examples ==
+* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm
 == Implied schema ==
+=== List of all properties ===
+This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.
-Many of the examples have simple citations in &lt;p&gt;, &lt;div&gt;, &lt;td&gt; etc with no further coding; i.e. &lt;td&gt;Book Title. Author. Publisher, date.&lt;/td&gt;
+* title
+* subtitle
+* author
+* editor
+* translator
+* image
+* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
+* language
+* description/Summary/abstract
+* excerpt
+* index terms
+* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)
-The following lists the most common markup:
+RELATIONS
+* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
+* collection (series and so forth)
+* event (conference, etc.)
+* original (for republished material)
-=== Book Titles: ===
+LOCATION INFORMATION
+* pages
+* volume
+* series title
+* Series
+* edition
+* issue
+* publication
+* journal
+* part (1 of X)
-*id="title"
+PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
-*class="producttitle"
+* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
-*class="title"
+* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
-*id="lblTitle"
-*h1
-*h2
-*&lt;dt&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
-*&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;
-*&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
-*&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
-=== Book Series: ===
+IDENTIFIERS
+* ISBN
+* LC Card Number
+* LCC Class
+* Dewey Class
+* URL
+* RFC ID
+* ISO/IEC ID
+* DOI
+* PubMedID
-*id="serieslbl"
+PUBLISHER
-*class="productsubtitle"
+* publisher
-=== Sub-titles: ===
-*id="subtitle"
+These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
-*class="productsubtitle"
+* refID (HTML @ID)
-*class="sub_title"
+* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
-*id="lblSubTitle"
+* Availability
-*class="book_subline"
+* Price
-*class="subTitle"
+* Shipping Weight
+* related
+* Product number (internal system code)
+* BookCode (internal system code)
+* AuthorsNote
+* Additional Information
+* Target Audience
-=== Author: ===
+=== Analysis of Examples ===
+With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
-*id="credit"
+* title
-*class="productauthor"
+* subtitle
-*class="author"
+* author
-*Authors (table cell)
+* publication date
-*class="byline"
+* description
-*class="creator"
+* pages
-*class="role"
+* ISBN
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
+* publisher
-*&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
-=== Publication Date: ===
-*id="pubdate"
-*Publication Date: (table cell)
-*id="pnlPubDate"
-*Publication Date:
-*class="publicationdate"
-*Published/Released:
-*class="date" w/ class="year", class="month", class="day"
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
-=== Publisher: ===
-*class="publisher"
-*class="origin" (publication location)
-=== Volumes: ===
-*class="volume"
-=== Issue Number: ===
-*class="issue"
-=== Page Numbers: ===
-*class="locator" (inclusive page numbers)
-=== ISBN: ===
-*class="isbn"
-*id="pnlIsbn"
-*id="lblIsbn"
-*class="isbnNumber"
-=== Book Edition: ===
-*class="edition"
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
-== Citeproc XHTML output ==
-I'm the author of the [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html citeproc] project, which includes a micro-format of sorts (though I never thought of it as such) in its XHTML output mode.  See [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/examples/apa-en.html here] for an example.  The difference compared to the bibtex-derived model is that is a) more generic and b) hierachical.
-It would be possible, certainly, to do a flat model if for some reason there was a good technical reason not to go hierarchical (though is there?)
-'''The burden of proof is on *going* hierarchical, rather than a simpler flat solution.  Complexity must be justified, not simplicity.'''
-... but then you need to think outside the BibTeX box in any case. Any model of this sort ought to be able to handle legal citations, magazine articles, patents, etc. etc.; not just a narrow range of BibTeX types.
-'''Per the microformats [[process]], microformats are designed to support existing practice on the Web, anything else should be omitted from at least the first version.'''
+== Styles ==
+'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''.
-== Styles ==
 This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
 * [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
 * [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
+* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
 * [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
-* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations
+* [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE]
+==Other examples==
+*[[citations_in_the_wild]]
+*[[blog-quote-examples]]
+==See also==
+{{citation-related-pages}}

citation-examples: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

Amazon.com citation info

CiteSeer database search results

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteProc XHTML Output

Google Cache

Greenwood Press featured book

Greenwood Press product detail page

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Marshall Cavendish product page

Ning

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Thomson Gale product detail page

RFC vCard Example

University of Virginia

W3C XHTML Spec Example

PubMed Medical Journal Example

BibDesk Default Template

Wikipedia

English Wikipedia

Original Markup

Book

Book Infobox

Journal Articles

Court cases

U.S. Law

Conference presentations

Historical Sources

U.S. Patent

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

Wolfram Mathworld

LibraryThing

Self-Citation Example

Citation of an Online Resource

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

Journal

West Midland Bird Club

Amazon

ABE

Open URL

Upcoming

Open Library

External Lists of Citation Examples

Implied schema

List of all properties

Analysis of Examples

Styles

Other examples

See also

Navigation menu

Search