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<h1> Citation Examples </h1>
{{DISPLAYTITLE: Citation Examples }}


The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.


See also:
'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks!
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]


__TOC__
__TOC__
== Contributors ==
* ...
* ...
* Tantek Çelik
* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
* Tim White


== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.  
Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.  


(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])
=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example]
[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]]


=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
* title
* subtitle
* subtitle
* title
* author
* author
* Image
* image
* pubdate
* publication date
* pages
* pages
* volumes
* volumes
* trimsize (book dimentions 8.5x11)
* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
* Format
* Format - (Hardback, softback)
* Price
* Price
* ISBN
* ISBN


=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
=== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ===
 
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
 
The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
 
''Journal article:''
 
* title
* authors
* Pages
* format (PDF)
* Additional Information
* abstract
* index terms
* journal
* issue
* volume
* pubdate
* DOI
 
''Conference Proceedings:''
 
* title
* authors
* author institutions
* source (conference + proceedings name)
* page
* year
* isbn
* publisher name & address
* DOI
* abstract
* subject category labels
* keywords
 
=== Amazon.com citation info ===
 
This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
 
[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]]
 
* title
* author
* series title
* page
 
=== CiteSeer database search results ===
 
The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]]
#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]]
 
* author
* title
* journal
* pages
* publication date
* URL
* Accessed On
 
=== CiteULike.org citation listing ===
 
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
 
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]]
 
* title
* title
* sub_title
* author
* author
* isbn
* subjects
* price
* image
* bookDescription
* Volume
* Number
* publication date
* page
 
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
* Z3988
* DOI
* Pubmed
* Hubmed
 
=== CiteProc XHTML Output ===
[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]]
 
The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
 
* refID (HTML @ID)
* creator
* role (to indicate editors and translators)
* date
* title
* volume
* issue
* page
* issue
* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
* edition
* publisher
* place
* location (for urls and physical locations)
* access date (for online items)
 
=== Google Cache ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup]
* url
* retrieved date
 
=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
* title
* subtitle
* author
* ISBN
* Price
* Description


=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]


* Title
* Title
* SubTitle
* subtitle
* authors
* authors
* AuthorsNote
* AuthorsNote
* BookCode
* BookCode (internal code system)
* Isbn
* ISBN
* PageColation
* Page
* Imprint
* Publisher
* PubDate
* Publication Date
* ListPrice
* Price
* Availability
* Availability
* MediaType
* MediaType
* BookInformation (categories)
* categories
* LC Card Number
* LC Card Number
* LCC Class
* LCC Class
* Dewey Class:
* Dewey Class


=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]


* ISBN Number
* title
* authors
* journal
* issue
* volume
* issue
* pubdate
* page
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
* summary
 
 
=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]
 
* ISBN
* Series
* Series
* Title
* Title
* Imprint
* publisher
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Authors
* Authors
Line 74: Line 195:
* description
* description


=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
=== Ning ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example]
* title
* publications date
* retrieved on
 
=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]


* title
* title
Line 80: Line 209:
* edition
* edition
* byline
* byline
* isbnNumber
* ISBN
* format - hardback
* format - hardback
* publicationDate
* publication Date
* price
* price
* description
* description
* related
* related


=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
[http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]


* title
* title
Line 97: Line 228:
* format - hardback
* format - hardback
* pages
* pages
* publicationDate
* publication Date
* availability
* availability
* cost
* price


=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]


* title_main
* title
* excerp
* excerp
* Volume
* Volume
* Published by
* Publisher
* description
* description
* Published/Released
* Published date
* ISBN:
* ISBN
* Product number
* Product number (internal code system)
* Page count:
* Pages
* Shipping Weight:
* Shipping Weight
* price
* price


== Breakdown of Citation Elements ==
=== RFC vCard Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]


Using the above examples, various parts of the citations (titles, authors, etc.) can be grouped together for comparision:
* refID (HTML @ID)
* title
* publication
* title
* Journal
* Volume
* Issue
* page
* pubdate
* RFC ID


=== Book titles: ===
=== University of Virginia ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup]
* title
* publication date
* retrived on
* location
* organization


=== Book Series Name: ===
=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]


=== Sub-title: ===
* refID (HTML @ID)
* URL
* title
* subtitle
* part (1 of X)
* journal
* authors
* pubdate
* language
* ISO/IEC ID
* RFC ID


=== Author: ===
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]


=== Publication Date: ===
=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]


=== Volumes: ===
* abstract
* title
* publisher
* journal
* date of publication
* volume
* issue
* pages
* language
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* PubMedID


=== ISBN: ===
=== BibDesk Default Template ===
[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]]


=== Book Edition: ===
This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.


Added by [[User:Tim White|Tim]]
* Title
* Author
* Journal
* Volume
* Pages
* Date
* Url
* Abstract


== RFC vCard Example ==
=== Wikipedia ===
<pre><nowiki>
[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.
9. References


  [ISO 8601]    ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats -
Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).
                Information interchange - Representation of dates and
                times - The International Organization for
                Standardization, June, 1988.


  [ISO 8601 TC] ISO 8601, Technical Corrigendum 1 - Data elements and
==== English Wikipedia ====
                interchange formats - Information interchange -
The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
                Representation of dates and times - The International
                Organization for Standardization, May, 1991.


  [ISO 9070]   ISO 9070, Information Processing - SGML support
===== Original Markup =====
                facilities - Registration Procedures for Public Text
[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup]
                Owner Identifiers, April, 1991.
* id
* title
* url
* Retrieved/Accessed On
* Publication Date
* Journal


  [CCITT E.163] Recommendation E.163 - Numbering Plan for The
===== Book =====
                International Telephone Service, CCITT Blue Book,
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
                Fascicle II.2, pp.  128-134, November, 1988.
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]


  [CCITT X.121] Recommendation X.121 - International Numbering Plan for
* title
                Public Data Networks, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3,
* author
                pp. 317-332, November, 1988.
* publisher
* year
* ISBN
* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)


  [CCITT X.520] Recommendation X.520 - The Directory - Selected
===== Book Infobox =====
                Attribute Types, November 1988.


  [CCITT X.521] Recommendation X.521 - The Directory - Selected Object
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.  
                Classes, November 1988.


  [MIME-DIR]   Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A MIME Content-
See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates].
                Type for Directory Information", RFC 2425, September
                1998.


   [RFC 1738]   Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
* name 
                "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December
* title_orig   
                1994.
* translator   
* image         
* image_caption 
* author       
* illustrator    
* cover_artist 
* country       
* language     
* series       
* subject       
* genre         
* publisher     
* release_date 
* english_release_date
* media_type   
* pages         
* isbn         
* preceded_by    
* followed_by   


  [RFC 1766]    Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
                Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.


  [RFC 1872]    Levinson, E., "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-
                type", RFC 1872, December 1995.


  [RFC 2045]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
===== Journal Articles =====
                Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet
See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals]
                Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.


  [RFC 2046]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
                Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]
                2046, November 1996.


  [RFC 2047]    Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
* author (truncated list)
                (MIME) - Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
* year
                Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.
* title
* journal title
* journal number
* page range
* [http://doi.org DOI]


  [RFC 2048]    Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
===== Court cases =====
                Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four:
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
                Registration Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]


  [RFC 2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
* title
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
* case number
** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"''
* court name
* year
* description/abstract


  [RFC 2234]    Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
===== U.S. Law =====
                Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]


  [UNICODE]    "The Unicode Standard - Version 2.0", The Unicode
* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
                Consortium, July 1996.
* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
* chapter number
* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)


  [VCARD]      Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The Electronic
===== Conference presentations =====
                Business Card Version 2.1",
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
                http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt, September 18,
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]
                1996.
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2426.html vCard RFC]


== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
* title
<pre><nowiki>
* location
<h1><a name="refs" id="refs">E.</a> References</h1>
* date
* author (implied - the page is about this person)


<p><strong>This appendix is informative.</strong></p>


<dl>
===== Historical Sources =====
<dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><strong>[CSS2]</strong></a></dt>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification</a></cite>", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.<br />
* source / location
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</dd>
* title
* publisher
* year
* description
* url


<dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><strong>[DOM]</strong></a></dt>
===== U.S. Patent =====
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></cite>", Lauren Wood <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</em>, 1 October
* number
1998.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-dom2" id="ref-dom2"><strong>[DOM2]</strong></a></dt>
==== German Wikipedia ====
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification</a></cite>", A. Le&#160;Hors, <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
=== EPrints.org ===
al.</em>, 13 November 2000.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><strong>[HTML]</strong></a></dt>
[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", D. Raggett, A. Le&#160;Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.<br />
Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-posix.1" id="ref-posix.1"><strong>[POSIX.1]</strong></a></dt>
* title
* creator (author)
* description (abstract)
* date
* type
* identifier (a url)
* format
** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
* fulltext
** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.


<dd>"<cite>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]</cite>", Institute of Electrical
In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.</dd>
*  title
* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
* year
* conference
* conference location


<dt><a id="ref-rfc2045" name="ref-rfc2045"><strong>[RFC2045]</strong></a></dt>
=== Wolfram Mathworld ===


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November
[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example]
1996. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup]


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><strong>[RFC2046]</strong></a></dt>
A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996.<br />
* authors
Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
* title
* publisher (name and location)
* date (just year)


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><strong>[RFC2119]</strong></a></dt>
===LibraryThing===
*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>", S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
=== Self-Citation Example ===
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>
[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
* title
* author
* periodical (journal) title
* volume
* issue
* pages
* year


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><strong>[RFC2376]</strong></a></dt>
=== Citation of an Online Resource ===
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup]


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt">RFC2376: XML Media Types</a></cite>", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.<br />
At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html  Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:
This document is obsoleted by [<a href="#ref-rfc3023">RFC3023</a>].<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><strong>[RFC2396]</strong></a></dt>
Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>", T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.<br />
* title
This document updates RFC1738 and RFC1808.<br />
* publication year
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</dd>
* department/author
* retrieval date
* URL


<dt><a name="ref-rfc2854" id="ref-rfc2854"><strong>[RFC2854]</strong></a></dt>


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt">RFC2854: The text/html Media Type</a></cite>", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June 2000.<br />
[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this:
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-rfc3023" id="ref-rfc3023"><strong>[RFC3023]</strong></a></dt>
E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">RFC3023: XML Media Types</a></cite>", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January 2001.<br />
* author
This document obsoletes [<a href="#ref-rfc2376">RFC2376</a>].<br />
* publication year
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</dd>
* web page title
* URL
* accessed date


<dt><a id="ref-rfc3066" name="ref-rfc3066"><strong>[RFC3066]</strong></a></dt>


<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">Tags for the Identification of Languages</a>", H. Alvestrand, January 2001.<br />
[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources:
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</dd>


<dt><a id="ref-rfc3236" name="ref-rfc3236"><strong>[RFC3236]</strong></a></dt>
''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.


<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt">The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media Type</a>", M. Baker, P. Stark, January 2002.<br />
* title
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt</dd>
* URL
* accessed date


<dt><a id="ref-xhtml-mathml" name="ref-xhtml-mathml"><strong>[XHTML+MathML]</strong></a></dt>
=== OCLC WorldCat Online ===


<dd><cite>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">XHTML plus Math 1.1 <abbr title="Document Type Definition">DTD</abbr></a></cite>", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical
==== Book ====
Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd</dd>
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup]


<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmime" name="ref-xhtmlmime"><strong>[XHTMLMIME]</strong></a></dt>
* title
* type (book)
* publisher name
* publisher location
* copyright date
* isbn
* oclc number
* subjects
* author
* z39.88 (COinS)


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">XHTML Media Types</a></cite>", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August 2002.<br />
==== Journal ====
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types</dd>
[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]


<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmod" name="ref-xhtmlmod"><strong>[XHTMLMOD]</strong></a></dt>
* title
* type (journal)
* publisher
* issn
* oclc number
* subjects
* z39.88 (COinS)


<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML</a></cite>", M. Altheim et al., 10 April 2001.<br />
====West Midland Bird Club====
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>
Uses OpenCOinS
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction]
* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation]
*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles]


<dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><strong>[XML]</strong></a></dt>
Features include:
*title
*author
*date
*price (historic, at time of publication)
*format
*publisher
*number of pages
*ISBN/ ISSN
*product dimensions
*page numbers of article
*image(s)


<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>", T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October
====Amazon====
2000.<br />
Product listings, e.g.
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825]
*title
*author
*price
*format
*publisher
*number of pages
*language
*ISBN
*product dimensions
*shipping weighta
*average customer review
*image
*Amazon.com Sales Rank


<dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><strong>[XMLNS]</strong></a></dt>
====ABE====
Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0]
*title
*author
*ISBN
*publisher
*publication date
*country
*edition
*condition
*whether signed
*format/binding
*number of pages
*bookseller
*inventory number
*price
*shipping costs
*quantity


<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a>", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.<br />
===Open URL===
XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>


<dt><a name="ref-xmlc14n" id="ref-xmlc14n"><strong>[XMLC14N]</strong></a></dt>
* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]]


<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical XML Version 1.0</a>", J. Boyer, 15 March 2001.<br />
===Upcoming===
This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML document.<br />
====Open Library====
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n</dd>
*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library]
</dl>
**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31]
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]


== CiteProc XHTML Output ==
== External Lists of Citation Examples ==
* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm


The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
== Implied schema ==
 
=== List of all properties ===
<pre><nowiki>
This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.
<div id="bibliography">
 
  <h3>References</h3>
 
  <p id="Brenner2000a" class="bibref">
    <span class="creator">Brenner, N.</span>
    <span class="date"> (<span class="year">2000</span>) </span>
    <span class="title">The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections
    on Henri Lefebre, Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, </span>
    <span class="container">
      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">International Journal of
        Urban and Regional Research, </span>
      <span class="volume">24</span>
      <span class="issue">(2)</span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 361–78</span>
      </span>.
    </p>
 
  <p id="NW2000-0207" class="bibref">
    <span class="creator">Newsweek</span>
    <span class="date">
      (<span class="year">2000a</span>
      <span class="month">, February</span>
      <span class="day"> 7</span>)
    </span>
    <span class="title">The Grandmas Pay a Visit, </span>
    <span class="container">
      <span class="volume">135</span>
      <span class="issue">(6)</span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 45</span>
    </span>.
  </p>
 
  <p id="Veer1996a" class="bibref">
    <span class="creator">van der Veer, P.</span>
    <span class="date"><span class="year"> (1996) </span></span>
    <span class="title">Riots and Rituals: The Construction of Violence
      and Public Space in Hindu Nationalism</span>
    <span class="container">, In Brass, P.<span class="role"> (Ed.)</span>.
      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">Riots and Pogroms.</span>
      <span class="origin"><span class="place">New York</span>
      <span class="publisher">: NYU Press</span></span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 154–76</span>
    </span>.
  </p>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>
 
== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==
 
The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.


* title
* title
* authors
* subtitle
* Pages
* author
* format
* editor
* Additional Information
* translator
* abstract
* image
* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
* language
* description/Summary/abstract
* excerpt
* index terms
* index terms
* journal
* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)
* issue
* volume
* pubdate
* DOI


== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==
RELATIONS
* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
* collection (series and so forth)
* event (conference, etc.)
* original (for republished material)


* title
LOCATION INFORMATION
* authors
* pages
* volume
* series title
* Series
* edition
* issue
* issue
* Volume
* publication
* Issue
* journal
* pubdate
* part (1 of X)
* Page
* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
* Summary


== CiteSeer database search results ==
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)


The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
IDENTIFIERS
 
* ISBN
* author
* LC Card Number
* title
* LCC Class
* publication (where it was found)
* Dewey Class
* pages
* pubdate
* URL
* URL
 
* RFC ID
== CiteULike.org citation listing ==
* ISO/IEC ID
 
[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
 
* title
* author
* subjects
* image
* Vol
* No.
* pubdate
* page
 
Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
* Z3988
* DOI
* DOI
* Pubmed
* PubMedID
* Hubmed


== Amazon.com citation info ==
PUBLISHER
* publisher


This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.


<pre><nowiki>
These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
<a name='citing' ></a><b>This book cites 10 books:</b><br />
* refID (HTML @ID)
<ul...>
* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  <li>
* Availability
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1555424236/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance">
* Price
      The New Faculty Member: Supporting and Fostering Professional Development (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
* Shipping Weight
    </a>
* related
    by Robert Boice on
* Product number (internal system code)
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S04X&checkSum=vptuDOjULIOadVNe9UFX36fnIKktwxxQOeBmFQupyrA%3D">page 156</a>, and <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S088&checkSum=vptuDOjULINm2bvcL37hZR%2BcnJi%2F9hhUyu1%2FlXWnOM8%3D">
* BookCode (internal system code)
      page 275
* AuthorsNote
    </a>
* Additional Information
  </li>
* Target Audience
  <li>
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0137947364/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance" >Science, Technology and Society</a>
    by Robert E. McGinn on
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S023&checkSum=vptuDOjULIMgFwAeeT8gWiDHmklkxfy%2BGug%2BAS7UI2Y%3D">page 54</a></li><li>


 
=== Analysis of Examples ===
 
With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
</nowiki>
</pre>
 
== PubMed Medical Journal Example ==  
 
* abstract
* title
* title
* subtitle
* author
* publication date
* description
* pages
* ISBN
* publisher
* publisher
* date/time published
* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
* PubMedID


== Implied schema ==
== Styles ==
 
'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''.
Many of the examples have simple citations in &lt;p&gt;, &lt;div&gt;, &lt;td&gt; etc with no further coding; i.e. &lt;td&gt;Book Title. Author. Publisher, date.&lt;/td&gt;


The following lists the most common markup:
=== Book Titles: ===
*id="title"
*class="producttitle"
*class="title"
*id="lblTitle"
*h1
*h2
*&lt;dt&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
*&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;
*&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
*&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
=== Book Series: ===
*id="serieslbl"
*class="productsubtitle"
=== Sub-titles: ===
*id="subtitle"
*class="productsubtitle"
*class="sub_title"
*id="lblSubTitle"
*class="book_subline"
*class="subTitle"
=== Author: ===
*id="credit"
*class="productauthor"
*class="author"
*Authors (table cell)
*class="byline"
*class="creator"
*class="role"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
*&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
=== Publication Date: ===
*id="pubdate"
*Publication Date: (table cell)
*id="pnlPubDate"
*Publication Date:
*class="publicationdate"
*Published/Released:
*class="date" w/ class="year", class="month", class="day"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
=== Publisher: ===
*class="publisher"
*class="origin" (publication location)
=== Volumes: ===
*class="volume"
=== Issue Number: ===
*class="issue"
=== Page Numbers: ===
*class="locator" (inclusive page numbers)
=== ISBN: ===
*class="isbn"
*id="pnlIsbn"
*id="lblIsbn"
*class="isbnNumber"
=== Book Edition: ===
*class="edition"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
== Citeproc XHTML output ==
I'm the author of the [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html citeproc] project, which includes a micro-format of sorts (though I never thought of it as such) in its XHTML output mode.  See [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/examples/apa-en.html here] for an example.  The difference compared to the bibtex-derived model is that is a) more generic and b) hierachical.
It would be possible, certainly, to do a flat model if for some reason there was a good technical reason not to go hierarchical (though is there?)
'''The burden of proof is on *going* hierarchical, rather than a simpler flat solution.  Complexity must be justified, not simplicity.'''
... but then you need to think outside the BibTeX box in any case. Any model of this sort ought to be able to handle legal citations, magazine articles, patents, etc. etc.; not just a narrow range of BibTeX types.
'''Per the microformats [[process]], microformats are designed to support existing practice on the Web, anything else should be omitted from at least the first version.'''
== Styles ==
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.


* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations
* [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE]
 
==Other examples==
*[[citations_in_the_wild]]
*[[blog-quote-examples]]
 
 
==See also==
{{citation-related-pages}}

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020


The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • image
  • publication date
  • pages
  • volumes
  • specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
  • Format - (Hardback, softback)
  • Price
  • ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.

The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

  • title
  • authors
  • Pages
  • format (PDF)
  • Additional Information
  • abstract
  • index terms
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • pubdate
  • DOI

Conference Proceedings:

  • title
  • authors
  • author institutions
  • source (conference + proceedings name)
  • page
  • year
  • isbn
  • publisher name & address
  • DOI
  • abstract
  • subject category labels
  • keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

Amazon's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • series title
  • page

CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

  1. CiteSeer's Original Markup
  2. CiteSeer's Original Example 2
  • author
  • title
  • journal
  • pages
  • publication date
  • URL
  • Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike

CiteULike's Original Markup

  • title
  • author
  • subjects
  • image
  • Volume
  • Number
  • publication date
  • page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

  • Z3988
  • DOI
  • Pubmed
  • Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

CiteProc Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • creator
  • role (to indicate editors and translators)
  • date
  • title
  • volume
  • issue
  • page
  • issue
  • container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
  • type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
  • edition
  • publisher
  • place
  • location (for urls and physical locations)
  • access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

  • url
  • retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page Original Markup

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • ISBN
  • Price
  • Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page Original Markup

  • Title
  • subtitle
  • authors
  • AuthorsNote
  • BookCode (internal code system)
  • ISBN
  • Page
  • Publisher
  • Publication Date
  • Price
  • Availability
  • MediaType
  • categories
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Original Markup

  • title
  • authors
  • journal
  • issue
  • volume
  • issue
  • pubdate
  • page
  • Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
  • summary


Marshall Cavendish product page

product page Original Markup

  • ISBN
  • Series
  • Title
  • publisher
  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Authors
  • Target Audience
  • Price
  • description

Ning

Original Example

  • title
  • publications date
  • retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • ISBN
  • format - hardback
  • publication Date
  • price
  • description
  • related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

Original Markup

  • title
  • subTitle
  • edition
  • byline
  • image
  • isbnNumber
  • format - hardback
  • pages
  • publication Date
  • availability
  • price

Thomson Gale product detail page

Original Markup

  • title
  • excerp
  • Volume
  • Publisher
  • description
  • Published date
  • ISBN
  • Product number (internal code system)
  • Pages
  • Shipping Weight
  • price

RFC vCard Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • title
  • publication
  • title
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Issue
  • page
  • pubdate
  • RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

  • title
  • publication date
  • retrived on
  • location
  • organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

Original Markup

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • URL
  • title
  • subtitle
  • part (1 of X)
  • journal
  • authors
  • pubdate
  • language
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

PubMed Medical Journal Example

Original Markup

  • abstract
  • title
  • publisher
  • journal
  • date of publication
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • language
  • Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

  • Title
  • Author
  • Journal
  • Volume
  • Pages
  • Date
  • Url
  • Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.

Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).

English Wikipedia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Original Markup

Original Markup

  • id
  • title
  • url
  • Retrieved/Accessed On
  • Publication Date
  • Journal
Book

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • author
  • publisher
  • year
  • ISBN
  • url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
Book Infobox

The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.

See also Other Wikipedia book templates & Wikipedia citation templates.

  • name
  • title_orig
  • translator
  • image
  • image_caption
  • author
  • illustrator
  • cover_artist
  • country
  • language
  • series
  • subject
  • genre
  • publisher
  • release_date
  • english_release_date
  • media_type
  • pages
  • isbn
  • preceded_by
  • followed_by


Journal Articles

See also:Wikipedia infobox for journals

Example Example Markup

  • author (truncated list)
  • year
  • title
  • journal title
  • journal number
  • page range
  • DOI
Court cases

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • case number
    • note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
  • court name
  • year
  • description/abstract
U.S. Law

Example Example Markup

  • title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
  • chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
  • chapter number
  • section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
Conference presentations

Example Example Markup

  • title
  • location
  • date
  • author (implied - the page is about this person)


Historical Sources

Example Example Markup

  • source / location
  • title
  • publisher
  • year
  • description
  • url
U.S. Patent

Example Example Markup

  • number

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

example example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

  • title
  • creator (author)
  • description (abstract)
  • date
  • type
  • identifier (a url)
  • format
  • fulltext
    • this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

  • title
  • authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
  • year
  • conference
  • conference location

Wolfram Mathworld

example example markup

A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.

  • authors
  • title
  • publisher (name and location)
  • date (just year)

LibraryThing

  • [2] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

  • title
  • author
  • periodical (journal) title
  • volume
  • issue
  • pages
  • year

Citation of an Online Resource

example markup

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

  • title
  • publication year
  • department/author
  • retrieval date
  • URL


"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:

E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.

  • author
  • publication year
  • web page title
  • URL
  • accessed date


"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:

Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.

  • title
  • URL
  • accessed date

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (book)
  • publisher name
  • publisher location
  • copyright date
  • isbn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • author
  • z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example example-makrup

  • title
  • type (journal)
  • publisher
  • issn
  • oclc number
  • subjects
  • z39.88 (COinS)

West Midland Bird Club

Uses OpenCOinS

Features include:

  • title
  • author
  • date
  • price (historic, at time of publication)
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • ISBN/ ISSN
  • product dimensions
  • page numbers of article
  • image(s)

Amazon

Product listings, e.g. [4]

  • title
  • author
  • price
  • format
  • publisher
  • number of pages
  • language
  • ISBN
  • product dimensions
  • shipping weighta
  • average customer review
  • image
  • Amazon.com Sales Rank

ABE

Product listings, e.g. [5]

  • title
  • author
  • ISBN
  • publisher
  • publication date
  • country
  • edition
  • condition
  • whether signed
  • format/binding
  • number of pages
  • bookseller
  • inventory number
  • price
  • shipping costs
  • quantity

Open URL

Upcoming

Open Library

External Lists of Citation Examples

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • editor
  • translator
  • image
  • date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
  • language
  • description/Summary/abstract
  • excerpt
  • index terms
  • categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

  • container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
  • collection (series and so forth)
  • event (conference, etc.)
  • original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

  • pages
  • volume
  • series title
  • Series
  • edition
  • issue
  • publication
  • journal
  • part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

  • Specifications (dimentions/weight)
  • Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

  • ISBN
  • LC Card Number
  • LCC Class
  • Dewey Class
  • URL
  • RFC ID
  • ISO/IEC ID
  • DOI
  • PubMedID

PUBLISHER

  • publisher


These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

  • refID (HTML @ID)
  • Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
  • Availability
  • Price
  • Shipping Weight
  • related
  • Product number (internal system code)
  • BookCode (internal system code)
  • AuthorsNote
  • Additional Information
  • Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

  • title
  • subtitle
  • author
  • publication date
  • description
  • pages
  • ISBN
  • publisher

Styles

This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

Other examples


See also

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