View source for citation-examples-markup

<h1> Citation Examples </h1>

The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

See also:
* [[citation]]
* [[citation-formats]]
* [[citation-brainstorming]]

__TOC__

== Contributors ==
* ...
* ...
* Tantek Çelik
* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
* Tim White

== Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element. 

(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])

=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
* subtitle
* title
* author
* Image
* pubdate
* pages
* volumes
* trimsize (book dimentions 8.5x11)
* Format
* Price
* ISBN

=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
<pre>
  <div class="title"> <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore
     and Folklife</a> </div>
  <div class="img_box"> <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">
    <img src="/_net.templates/showImage.aspx?imgName=0313328471.jpg&s=140" alt="The Greenwood Encyclopedia
    of World Folklore and Folklife" border="0" /></a> </div>
  <div class="sub_title">Four Volumes</div>
  <div class="author">William M. Clements</div>
  <div class="isbn">0-313-32847-1</div>
  <div class="price">$449.95 <span class="pipe">|</span> &pound;255.00</div>
  <!--<div class="clearing"></div>-->
  <div class="bookDescription"> China . . . Malta . . . Madagascar . . . Wales . . . and Texas: these are 
    among the many exotic, distant lands that capture our minds and imaginations. In an era of increasing 
    globalization, students, general readers, and business professionals need to know about... 
    <a href="/books/BookDetail.asp?sku=GR2847">Read&nbsp;more</a> </div>
</div>
</pre>


=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
<pre>
  <div id="pnlContent" class="pnlContent">
    <div id="pnlFlyerBox" class="flyerBox">
      <a id="hlFlyer" class="flyerLink" href="/books/printFlyer.aspx?sku=GR2847" target="_blank">Print 
        book flyer</a> <br />
      <a id="hlFlyerInternational" class="international_flyer" 
      href="/books/printFlyer.aspx?sku=GR2847&amp;location=international" ...>(International version)</a> 
    </div>
    <span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife</span>
    <span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline">Four Volumes</span>
    <div id="pnlBookDetails" class="detailsBox">
      <div id="pnlImgBox" class="imgBox"> 
        <img src="/_net.templates/showImage.aspx?imgName=0313328471.jpg&amp;s=135" alt="" border="0" /> 
      </div>
      <a id="hlAddToCart" title="Add this item to your shopping cart" href="/shopping_cart/?sku=GR2847">
        <img title="Add this item to your shopping cart" 
          src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Add to Cart" alt="" border="0" />
      </a> 
      <a id="hlAddToWishList" title="Save this item to your wish list" href="/wish_list/?sku=GR2847">
        <img title="Save this item to your wish list" 
          src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Add to Wish List".../>
      </a>
      <a id="hlSharePage" title="Email this page to a friend" href="/books/sendform.asp?sku=GR2847"...>
        <img title="Email this page to a friend" src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Email".../>
      </a> 
      <a id="hlPrintPage" title="Version of this page optimized for printing" href="/catalog/GR2847.aspx?print=1" ...>
        <img title="Version of this page optimized for printing" src="/_net.templates/roundedButton.aspx?ButtonText=Print".../>
      </a>
      <a id="hlWorldCat" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/isbn/0313328471"...>
        <img src="/images/world_catalog.gif".../>
      </a>
      <div class="authors"><span><a href="/catalog/author/C/229.aspx">William M. Clements</a> (ed.)</span></div>
      <span id="lblAuthorsNote" class="block"></span>
      <div><span class="book_options">Book Code:</span> <span id="lblBookCode">GR2847</span></div>
      <div id="pnlIsbn"> <span class="book_options">ISBN:</span> <span id="lblIsbn">0-313-32847-1</span> </div>
      <div id="pnlPageColation"> 1972 pages, maps; photos </div>
      <span id="lblImprint" class="block">Greenwood Press</span>
      <div id="pnlPubDate">
        <span class="book_options">Publication Date:</span> <span id="lblPubDate">12/30/2005</span>
      </div>
      <div id="pnlListPrice">
        <span class="book_options">List Price:</span> 
        <span id="lblListPrice">$449.95</span> 
        (<a href="/contactus/order_info.asp?SectionID=about&amp;Location=order_info#UKEME" 
          title="Click for international ordering information">UK Sterling Price: &pound;255.00</a>) 
      </div>
      <div id="pnlAvailability">
        <span class="book_options">Availability:</span> <span id="lblAvailability">In Stock</span>
      </div>
      <div id="pnlMediaType"> <span class="book_options">Media Type:</span> <span id="lblMediaType">Hardcover</span> </div>
      <div class="clearing"></div>
    </div>
    <div id="pnlBookInformation"> <span class="book_options">Subjects:</span>
      <ul class="toc">
        <li> 
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl1_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> » 
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl1_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Folklore.aspx">Folklore</a> 
        </li>
        <li>
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl2_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> » 
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl2_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Anthropology%2b(General).aspx">
            Anthropology (General)
          </a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl3_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology.aspx">Anthropology</a> » 
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl3_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/Anthropology/Cultural%2bAnthropology.aspx">Cultural Anthropology</a>
        </li>
        <li> <a id="rpCategories__ctl4_hlCategory" href="/catalog/subject/History.aspx">History</a> » 
          <a id="rpCategories__ctl4_hlSubCategory" href="/catalog/subject/History/World%2bHistory%2b(General).aspx">
            World History (General)</a> </li>
      </ul>
      <div id="pnlDescription"> 
        <span class="book_options">Description:</span> 
        <span id="lblDescription1" class="description block">
          China . . . Malta . . . Madagascar . . . Wales . . . and Texas: these are among the many exotic, 
          distant lands that capture our minds and imaginations. In an era of increasing globalization, 
          students, general readers, and business professionals need to know about the world and its varied 
          ways. So too, a knowledge of world cultures is fundamental to an understanding of America's ethnically 
          rich society. Folklore isn't just about the long ago and far away. It's about the here and now, and 
          there's no better way to learn about cultural diversity than to study the folklore and folkways of 
          different ethnic groups. <br />
          More than just Cinderella and other fairy tales, folklore encompasses the whole realm of traditional 
          beliefs and activities that define a culture. The most comprehensive work of its kind, this massive 
          encyclopedia engagingly and authoritatively surveys folklife and traditions from around the world. Through its
          vast scope and lengthy entries, it transcends other references on particular national or regional 
          folklores and is the most ambitious undertaking of its type. Organized in four volumes, the encyclopedia 
          provides convenient access to information about folklore generally and to the traditions of particular
          regions:<br />
          Volume 1: Topics and Themes, Africa, Australia and Oceania<br />
          Volume 2: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East<br />
          Volume 3: Europe<br />
          Volume 4: North and South America</span> <span id="lblDescription2" class="description block">Along 
            with the expertise of the contributors, of Volume Editor William M. Clements, and of Advisory Editor 
            Thomas A. Green, the encyclopedia draws upon a distinguished board of internationally recognized scholars,
             including:<br />
        <li> Roger D. Abrahams<br />
        </li>
        <li> Cristina Bacchilega<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gillian Bennett<br />
        </li>
        <li> Mary Ellen Brown<br />
        </li>
        <li> James R. Dow<br />
        </li>
        <li> Alessandro Falassi<br />
        </li>
        <li> Barbro Klein<br />
        </li>
        <li> Peter Knecht<br />
        </li>
        <li> Natalie Kononenko<br />
        </li>
        <li> Frances M. Malpezzi<br />
        </li>
        <li> Margaret Mills<br />
        </li>
        <li> M. D. Muthukumaraswamy<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gerald Pocius<br />
        </li>
        <li> And John S. Ryan.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Features:</b><br />
        </li>
        <li> Brings together the knowledge of more than 200 specialists from around the world.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Provides 39 extended entries on topics central to world folklore.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Details the folklore and folkways of roughly 170 cultural groups.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Entries discuss the background, beliefs, oral and theatrical traditions, arts and crafts, and contemporary concerns 
          of each cultural group.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Each entry cites numerous works for further reading.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A generous selection of maps and illustrations makes world folklore come to life.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A list of entries and a cumulative subject index, repeated in each volume, offer convenient access to the vast body of 
          information contained in the encyclopedia.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A selected, general bibliography directs students and general readers to the most important broad studies of world 
          folklore.<br />
        </li>
        <li> A glossary defines key terms, theories, and concepts.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Benefits:</b><br />
        </li>
        <li> Helps students learn about cultures, customs, and daily life around the world.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Fosters respect and appreciation for the many ethnic traditions behind contemporary American culture.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Provides valuable background information for the study of world religions, holidays, and festivals.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Offers a valuable context for understanding world history, politics, literature, and the arts.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Invites students to compare and contrast the values and experiences of different cultures.<br />
        </li>
        <li> Fosters critical reading skills and serves as a model for student research.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 1: Topics and Themes, Africa, Australia and Oceania</b><br />
          Certain themes and topics are central to world foklore. The thematic essays in this volume discuss such matters as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Antiquarianism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Cultural Evolution<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ethnopoetics<br />
        </li>
        <li> Gender<br />
        </li>
        <li> Invented Tradition<br />
        </li>
        <li> Nativism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Primitivism<br />
        </li>
        <li> Public Folklore<br />
        </li>
        <li> Race<br />
        </li>
        <li> Trickster<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 2: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East</b><br />
          Included in this volume are entries on such cultural groups and regions as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Bali<br />
        </li>
        <li> China<br />
        </li>
        <li> Duna<br />
        </li>
        <li> Iban<br />
        </li>
        <li> Kazakh<br />
        </li>
        <li> Mongol<br />
        </li>
        <li> Orissa<br />
        </li>
        <li> Palestine<br />
        </li>
        <li> Tonga<br />
        </li>
        <li> Uyghur<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many others.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 3: Europe</b><br />
          Included in this volume are entries on the folklore of such cultural regions and groups as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ashkenazim<br />
        </li>
        <li> Basque<br />
        </li>
        <li> Brittany<br />
        </li>
        <li> Flanders<br />
        </li>
        <li> Germany<br />
        </li>
        <li> Isle of Man<br />
        </li>
        <li> Roma<br />
        </li>
        <li> Russia<br />
        </li>
        <li> Sami<br />
        </li>
        <li> Ukraine<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          <b>Volume 4: North and South America</b><br />
          The entries in this volume explore the folk traditions of such regions and groups as:<br />
        </li>
        <li> Appalachia<br />
        </li>
        <li> Choctaw<br />
        </li>
        <li> Haiti<br />
        </li>
        <li> Island Carib<br />
        </li>
        <li> Maya<br />
        </li>
        <li> Quechua<br />
        </li>
        <li> Seminole<br />
        </li>
        <li> Western Inuit and Yupik<br />
        </li>
        <li> Xavante<br />
        </li>
        <li> Yanomami<br />
        </li>
        <li> And many more.<br />
          <br />
          Because folklore is the essence of daily life, this encyclopedia addresses the curriculum needs of high school students and is 
          also an indispensable resource for teachers. In addition, anyone researching folklore in a public library will find this the first
           place to look for detailed information about cultural traditions around the world.</li>
        </span> </div>
      <div id="pnlLCCardNumber" class="description"> <span class="book_options">LC Card Number:</span> <span id="lblLCCardNumber">2005019219</span></div>
      <div id="pnlLCCClass" class="description"> <span class="book_options">LCC Class:</span> <span id="lblLCCClass">GR35 </span> </div>
      <div id="pnlDeweyClass" class="description"> <span class="book_options">Dewey Class:</span> <span id="lblDeweyClass">398</span> </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</pre>

=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
<pre>
  <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
    <tr valign="top">
      <td><font id="title_catalogue_font"><b>Regionalism &amp; Regional Security</b></font></td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  <font id="text">
  <div style="" align="">
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">ISBN Number</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">9812102108</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Series</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">null</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Title</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Imprint</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">Eastern Universities Press</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Specifications</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">152 mm X 227 mm, 368 pp, limp with flaps, 500 gms</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Authors</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Target Audience</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">University lecturers/researchers, undergraduate students, academicians and those interested in Regional Security Studies.</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Price (SG)</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">S$ 39.00</font></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <table cellpadding="2" width="100%">
      <tr valign="top">
        <td width="35%"><font id="title_catalogue_title_font">Price (US)</font></td>
        <td width="65%"><font id="text">US$ 30.00</font> &nbsp; <a href="javascript: addToCart()"><img src="/marshallcavendish/components/db_content/MC_AC_redirector/pic/addCart.gif" border="0"/></a></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
    <br/>
    <br/>
    The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington represented a true watershed in world history.<br/>
    <br/>
    The attacks revealed the horrifying nature of the so-called "new terrorism" that has emerged in the post-Cold War era. The new terrorism is defined by four key features:</div>
  </font>
  <ul>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">sheer lethality</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">religious dimension</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">networked organizational structure</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">greatly enhanced striking power &nbsp; </font></p>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <font id="text">
  <div style="" align="">As September 11 clearly demonstrated, the new terrorists can leverage on technology to inflict catastrophic damage even on superpowers, let alone other states.<br/>
    <br/>
    To examine the new dimensions of terrorism, a conference was organized in Singapore in late March 2002 that brought together a number of leading experts from a wide range of backgrounds from America, Europe and Asia, and the key findings are presented in this volume under the following headings:</div>
  </font>
  <ul>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Anatomy of the new terrorism</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Terrorist trends and patterns in the Asia-Pacific region</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Religion and terrorism: Southeast Asian perspectives</font></p>
    </li>
    <li>
      <p align="justify"><font id="text">Formulating counter-strategies &nbsp; </font></p>
    </li>
  </ul>
  <font id="text">
  <div style="" align=""> <span style="font-weight: bold;"> <b> About the Author: </b> </span> <br/>
    Both Andrew Tan and Kumar Ramakrishna are Assistant Professors at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.<br/>
    Andrew Tan received his M.Phil from Cambridge and PhD from the University of Sydney. His research interests are conflict (inter-state tensions, insurgencies, terrorism and force modernization) in Southeast Asia, and security issues in Asia.<br/>
    Kumar Ramakrishna obtained his PhD in History from the University of London in 1999. He teaches and writes on the history of strategic thought as well as the war on terror.</div>
  </font>
  <td width="18.666662" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
  </td>
  <tr valign="top">
    <td width="570.666524" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
    </td>
    <td width="18.666662" style="valign: top; background-color: white ; " rowspan="1" colspan="1"><br/>
    </td>
  </tr>
</div>
</pre>

=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
<pre>
  <div class="isbnSummaryDetails">
    <h2> <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471">The Glorious Cause</a> </h2>
    <div class="subTitle"> The American Revolution, 1763-1789 </div>
    <div class="edition"> Revised and Expanded Edition </div>
    <div class="byline"> Robert Middlekauff </div>
    <span class="isbnNumber">0195162471</span>, <span class="format">hardback</span>, <span class="publicationDate"> Feb 2005 </span> <span class="price"> $37.50 </span> <span class="description"> The classic history of the American Revolution--now in an updated and expanded twentieth anniversary edition </span>
    <div class="related">
      <h3>More </h3>
      <!-- /HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary -->
      <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/?view=usa&amp;sf=all">History, American</a> &gt; <a href="/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;sf=all">Colonial & Revolutionary</a> </div>
  </div>
  <!--/isbnSummaryDetails-->
</div>
</pre>

=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
<pre>
  <div class="isbnProperties isbnSummary">
    <div class="isbnSummaryHeading">
      <h1>The Glorious Cause</h1>
      <div class="subTitle"> The American Revolution, 1763-1789 </div>
      <div class="edition"> Revised and Expanded Edition </div>
      <div class="byline"> Robert Middlekauff </div>
    </div>
    <!--/isbnSummaryHeading-->
    <div class="cover"> <span class="bookShot"><a href="#"><img src="/images/covers/0195162471.jpg"
                     ... alt="bookshot" /> </a></span> <span class="addToCart"><a href="http://www.us.oup.com/us/cart/cart.jsp?op=a&amp;i=0195162471&amp;c=85&amp;q=1&amp;r=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.oup.com%2Fus%2Fcatalog%2Fgeneral%2Fsubject%2FHistoryAmerican%2FColonialRevolutionary%2F%3Fview%3Dusa%26ci%3D0195162471">Add to Cart</a></span> </div>
    <!--/cover-->
    <div class="isbnSummaryDetails"> <span class="isbnNumber">0195162471</span>, <span class="format">hardback</span>, <span class="pages"> 760 pages </span>
      <div id="generalinfo"> <span class="publicationDate">Feb 2005,&nbsp;</span> <span class="availability"> In Stock </span> </div>
      <div class="cost">
        <h2>Price:</h2>
        $37.50 <span class="discountCode">(02)</span> </div>
      <div class="shipping"> <a href="/us/assets/shippingInfo.jsp?si=1.5&amp;so=3.75&amp;sc=0&amp;isi=5&amp;iso=5&amp;isc=0" target="_blank" onclick="window.open(this.href, this.target, 'height=445,width=445,scrollbars');
					  return false;">Shipping Details</a> </div>
      <div class="moreSeries redArrow">
        <h3>See more from the series</h3>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="/us/catalog/general/series/OxfordHistoryoftheUnitedStates/?view=usa">Oxford History of the United States, Vol. 3</a></li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <!--moreSeries-->
    </div>
    <!--/isbnSummaryDetails-->
  </div>
</div>
</pre>

=== Thomson Gale product detail page ===
<pre>
<div id =" title_main">

<h2>Contemporary Literary Criticism</h2>

<div id =" credits">
	<ul>
		<li><h2>Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, Scriptwriters, & Other Creative Writers</h2>
		Volume 1</li>
		
		<li><i>Published by Thomson Gale</i></li>
	</ul>
</div>

<div id =" description">
	<p>Each print volume in this long-standing series profiles approximately 6-8 novelists, poets, playwrights and other creative writers by providing full-text or excerpted criticism taken from books, magazines, literary reviews, newspapers and scholarly journals. Among those profiled in this volume are:</p>
	<ul>
		<li>Kingsley Amis
		<li>John Dos Passos
		<li>Hermann Hesse
		<li>Ezra Pound
	</ul>
</div><!-- Description -->

<div id =" detail">
	<ul>
		<li>Published/Released:<strong> March 1973</strong></li>
		<li>ISBN: <strong>0-8103-0100-8</strong></li>
		<li>Product number: <strong>001415</strong></li>
		<li>Page count: <strong>485 pp./vol.</strong></li>
		<li>Shipping Weight: <strong>5.00 lbs (2.27 kgs)</strong></li>
	</ul>
</div>  <!-- /detail-->

<div id =" price">
  <P>Price: US $205.00</p>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</pre>

== Breakdown of Citation Elements ==

Using the above examples, various parts of the citations (titles, authors, etc.) can be grouped together for comparision:

=== Book titles: ===
<pre>
&lt;span id="title" class="producttitle"&gt;The 1920's&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO product detail page)

&lt;div class="title"&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood Press homepage)

&lt;span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block"&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/span&gt;
(Greenwood Press product detail page)

&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Title&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(Marshall Cavendish product detail page)

&lt;h2&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
(Oxford Univ. Press, homepage)

&lt;h1&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/h1&gt;
(OUP, product detail page)

&lt;h2&gt;Contemporary Literary Criticism&lt;/h2&gt;
(Thomson Gale, product detail page)

&lt;span id="ctlBookDetailHeader_lblTitle" class="ProdTitle"&gt;Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods&lt;/span&gt; (SAGE Publications)
</pre>
Also, many examples where books presented in table format with Title as cell header, or presented "Title: "

=== Book Series Name: ===
<pre>
&lt;span id="serieslbl" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;a href="..."&gt;Teaching With Documents Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)
</pre>

=== Sub-title: ===
<pre>
&lt;span id="subtitle" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)


&lt;div class="sub_title"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, homepage)

&lt;span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/span&gt;
(Greenwood, product page)


&lt;div class="subTitle"&gt; The American Revolution, 1763-1789 &lt;/div&gt;
(OUP)
</pre>

=== Author: ===
<pre>
&lt;span id="credit" class="productauthor"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)


&lt;div class="author"&gt;William M. Clements&lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood)


&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Authors&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(Marshall Cavendish)


&lt;div class="byline"&gt; Robert Middlekauff &lt;/div&gt;
(OUP)
</pre>

=== Publication Date: ===
<pre>
&lt;span id="pubdate" class="productdetailbody"&gt;11/2001&lt;/span&gt;
(ABC-CLIO -- see table structure)


&lt;div id="pnlPubDate"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;Publication Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblPubDate"&gt;12/30/2005&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, detail page)


&lt;span class="publicationDate"&gt; Feb 2005 &lt;/span&gt;
(OUP)


&lt;li&gt;Published/Released:&lt;strong&gt; March 1973&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
(Thomson Gale)
</pre>

=== Volumes: ===
<pre>
&lt;td ... class="productdetailhead"&gt;&lt;span id="volumeslabel" class="productdetailhead"&gt;Volumes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td ... class="productdetailbody"&gt;&lt;span id="volumes" class="productdetailbody"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)
</pre>

=== ISBN: ===
<pre>
&lt;td class="productdetailhead" ...&gt;&lt;span id="ISBNLabel"&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td class="productdetailbody"&gt;1-57607-785-3&lt;/td&gt;
(ABC-CLIO)


&lt;div class="isbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, homepage)

&lt;div id="pnlIsbn"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;ISBN:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblIsbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
(Greenwood, product page)


&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;ISBN Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;9812102108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
(Marshall Cavendish)


&lt;span class="isbnNumber"&gt;0195162471&lt;/span&gt;
(OUP)


&lt;li&gt;ISBN: &lt;strong&gt;0-8103-0100-8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
(Thomson Gale)
</pre>

=== Book Edition: ===
<pre>
&lt;div class="edition"&gt; Revised and Expanded Edition &lt;/div&gt;
(OUP)
</pre>
Added by [[User:Tim White|Tim]]

== RFC vCard Example ==
<pre><nowiki>
9.  References

   [ISO 8601]    ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats -
                 Information interchange - Representation of dates and
                 times - The International Organization for
                 Standardization, June, 1988.

   [ISO 8601 TC] ISO 8601, Technical Corrigendum 1 - Data elements and
                 interchange formats - Information interchange -
                 Representation of dates and times - The International
                 Organization for Standardization, May, 1991.

   [ISO 9070]    ISO 9070, Information Processing - SGML support
                 facilities - Registration Procedures for Public Text
                 Owner Identifiers, April, 1991.

   [CCITT E.163] Recommendation E.163 - Numbering Plan for The
                 International Telephone Service, CCITT Blue Book,
                 Fascicle II.2, pp.  128-134, November, 1988.

   [CCITT X.121] Recommendation X.121 - International Numbering Plan for
                 Public Data Networks, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3,
                 pp. 317-332, November, 1988.

   [CCITT X.520] Recommendation X.520 - The Directory - Selected
                 Attribute Types, November 1988.

   [CCITT X.521] Recommendation X.521 - The Directory - Selected Object
                 Classes, November 1988.

   [MIME-DIR]    Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A MIME Content-
                 Type for Directory Information", RFC 2425, September
                 1998.

   [RFC 1738]    Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
                 "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December
                 1994.

   [RFC 1766]    Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
                 Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.

   [RFC 1872]    Levinson, E., "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-
                 type", RFC 1872, December 1995.

   [RFC 2045]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet
                 Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.

   [RFC 2046]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC
                 2046, November 1996.

   [RFC 2047]    Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
                 (MIME) - Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
                 Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.

   [RFC 2048]    Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
                 Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four:
                 Registration Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.

   [RFC 2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC 2234]    Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
                 Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

   [UNICODE]     "The Unicode Standard - Version 2.0", The Unicode
                 Consortium, July 1996.

   [VCARD]       Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The Electronic
                 Business Card Version 2.1",
                 http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt, September 18,
                 1996.
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2426.html vCard RFC]

== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
<pre><nowiki>
<h1><a name="refs" id="refs">E.</a> References</h1>

<p><strong>This appendix is informative.</strong></p>

<dl>
<dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><strong>[CSS2]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification</a></cite>", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><strong>[DOM]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></cite>", Lauren Wood <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</em>, 1 October
1998.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-dom2" id="ref-dom2"><strong>[DOM2]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification</a></cite>", A. Le&#160;Hors, <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
al.</em>, 13 November 2000.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><strong>[HTML]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", D. Raggett, A. Le&#160;Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-posix.1" id="ref-posix.1"><strong>[POSIX.1]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]</cite>", Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-rfc2045" name="ref-rfc2045"><strong>[RFC2045]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November
1996. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><strong>[RFC2046]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996.<br />
Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><strong>[RFC2119]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>", S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><strong>[RFC2376]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt">RFC2376: XML Media Types</a></cite>", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.<br />
This document is obsoleted by [<a href="#ref-rfc3023">RFC3023</a>].<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><strong>[RFC2396]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>", T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.<br />
This document updates RFC1738 and RFC1808.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc2854" id="ref-rfc2854"><strong>[RFC2854]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt">RFC2854: The text/html Media Type</a></cite>", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June 2000.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-rfc3023" id="ref-rfc3023"><strong>[RFC3023]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">RFC3023: XML Media Types</a></cite>", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January 2001.<br />
This document obsoletes [<a href="#ref-rfc2376">RFC2376</a>].<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-rfc3066" name="ref-rfc3066"><strong>[RFC3066]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">Tags for the Identification of Languages</a>", H. Alvestrand, January 2001.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-rfc3236" name="ref-rfc3236"><strong>[RFC3236]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt">The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media Type</a>", M. Baker, P. Stark, January 2002.<br />
Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-xhtml-mathml" name="ref-xhtml-mathml"><strong>[XHTML+MathML]</strong></a></dt>

<dd><cite>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">XHTML plus Math 1.1 <abbr title="Document Type Definition">DTD</abbr></a></cite>", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical
Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmime" name="ref-xhtmlmime"><strong>[XHTMLMIME]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">XHTML Media Types</a></cite>", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August 2002.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types</dd>

<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmod" name="ref-xhtmlmod"><strong>[XHTMLMOD]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML</a></cite>", M. Altheim et al., 10 April 2001.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><strong>[XML]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>", T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October
2000.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><strong>[XMLNS]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a>", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.<br />
XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>

<dt><a name="ref-xmlc14n" id="ref-xmlc14n"><strong>[XMLC14N]</strong></a></dt>

<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical XML Version 1.0</a>", J. Boyer, 15 March 2001.<br />
This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML document.<br />
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n</dd>
</dl>
</nowiki></pre>
[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]

== CiteProc XHTML Output ==

The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

<pre><nowiki>
 <div id="bibliography">

   <h3>References</h3>

   <p id="Brenner2000a" class="bibref">
    <span class="creator">Brenner, N.</span>
    <span class="date"> (<span class="year">2000</span>) </span>
    <span class="title">The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections 
    on Henri Lefebre, Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, </span>
    <span class="container">
      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">International Journal of 
        Urban and Regional Research, </span>
      <span class="volume">24</span>
      <span class="issue">(2)</span>
      <span class="locator">, pp. 361–78</span>
      </span>.
    </p>

   <p id="NW2000-0207" class="bibref">
     <span class="creator">Newsweek</span>
     <span class="date"> 
       (<span class="year">2000a</span>
       <span class="month">, February</span>
       <span class="day"> 7</span>) 
     </span>
     <span class="title">The Grandmas Pay a Visit, </span>
     <span class="container">
       <span class="volume">135</span>
       <span class="issue">(6)</span>
       <span class="locator">, pp. 45</span>
     </span>.
   </p>

   <p id="Veer1996a" class="bibref">
     <span class="creator">van der Veer, P.</span>
     <span class="date"><span class="year"> (1996) </span></span>
     <span class="title">Riots and Rituals: The Construction of Violence 
       and Public Space in Hindu Nationalism</span>
     <span class="container">, In Brass, P.<span class="role"> (Ed.)</span>. 
       <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">Riots and Pogroms.</span>
       <span class="origin"><span class="place">New York</span>
       <span class="publisher">: NYU Press</span></span>
       <span class="locator">, pp. 154–76</span>
     </span>.
   </p>
 </div>
</nowiki></pre>

== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==

The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.

First, the markup for one entry from the table of contents page for the ACM TACO (Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization) journal:

<pre>
<nowiki>
<td align="left" class="small-text">
<a href="citation.cfm?id=1113841.1113842&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=1113841&part=periodical&WantType=periodical&title=ACM%20Transactions%20on%20Architecture%20and%20Code%20Optimization%20%28TACO%29&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650"class="medium-text" target="_self">
<strong>Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization </strong>
</a>
<br>
 Wankang Zhao, David Whalley, Christopher Healy, Frank Mueller
<br>
<small> Pages: 335 - 365</small>
<br>Full text available:&nbsp;<A HREF="ft_gateway.cfm?id=1113842&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650" target="_blank"><img src="images/pdf_logo.gif" ... height="16" hspace="1" alt="pdf format" border="0" align="texttop">Pdf</A>(510&nbsp;KB)

<div class="smaller-text"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellpadding="0"><tr valign="top"><td class="smaller-text" nowrap>Additional Information:</td>
<td class="smaller-text"><img src="img/doc_blank.gif" ... height="16" alt="" border="0" align="texttop">
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=cit&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#CIT" target="_self">full citation</a>, 
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=abstract&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#abstract" target="_self">abstract</A>, 
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=references&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#references" target="_self"> references</A>, 
<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=indexterms&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#indexterms" target="_self"> index terms</A></td></tr></table></div></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
</nowiki>
</pre>

The markup for the 'full citation' page is similar, with a little more information about the authors.

Here's the markup from the 'ACM Ref' link, which apparently is how they suggest you format it:
<pre>
<nowiki>
Zhao, W., Whalley, D., Healy, C., and Mueller, F. 2005. 
Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization. 
<i>ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.</i> 2, 4 (Dec. 2005), 335-365. 
DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1113841.1113842
</nowiki>
</pre>

== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==

<pre><nowiki>
<td width="96%" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" valign="middle">
<strong>On the parallel execution time of tiled loops</strong><br>
Hogstedt, K.; Carter, L.; Ferrante, J.<br>
<A href='/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71'>Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on</A><br>
Volume: 14

&nbsp;Issue: 3
&nbsp;March 2003 <br />
Page(s):  307- 321<br>
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPDS.2003.1189587<br>

<div id="menu0" style="display:block"><strong>Summary:&nbsp;</strong> Many 
computationally-intensive programs, such as those for differential equations, spatial 
interpolation, and dynamic programming, spend a large portion of their execution time in 
multiply-nested loops that have a regular stencil of data dependences.....</div>
</td>


</nowiki>
</pre>

== CiteSeer database search results ==

The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

Here's what you see on the main page for a given paper - this information is duplicated everywhere on the page, but this is where it's formatted most like an academic citation:
<pre><nowiki>
<font size=-1>Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin. 
Automated support for program refactoring using invariants. In ICSM, pages 736-- 743, 
November 2001. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kataoka01automated.html &nbsp; 
<a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/check/1791139">More</a></font><br>

</nowiki>
</pre>

Clicking on the 'More' link in the above text gets you a page with a listing of all the ways they found it written out as a citation in other papers. This is an example of how they mark up each of those entries:

<pre><nowiki>
<br>
Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin. 
<i>Automated support for program refactoring using invariants</i>.
 In ICSM, pages 736-- 743, November 2001.<br>
<br>
</nowiki>
</pre>

== CiteULike.org citation listing ==

[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] is a shared reference database site that allows organization using tags and ratings. The site imports from many unstructured web resources using mostly screen-scraping plugins (I think --Mike) 

Here is an example of the markup for one article on the main page:
<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
  <td...>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <a class="title" href="/user/jrw/article/505272">Geometric phases in adiabatic open quantum systems</a>
        <div class="vague"></div>
        <div class="vague">by<a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Sarandy">Sarandy</a> MS, 
          <a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Lidar">Lidar</a> DA</div>
        <div class="vague">
          posted to <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/geometry">geometry</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/physics">physics</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum">quantum</a>
          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum-information">quantum-information</a>
          by <a href="/user/jrw">jrw</a>
          as <img alt="x"src="http://static.citeulike.org/img/star2.png" />
          on&nbsp;2006-02-14 18:36:22
        </div>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </td>
</tr>
</nowiki></pre>

And here is markup from the detail page for another publication:

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="content">
<table...>
  <tr>
    <td...><h1>T-Coffee: A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment.</h1></td>
  <td>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="vague"><i>J Mol Biol</i>, Vol. 302, No. 1. (8 September 2000), pp. 205-217.</div>
<br>

<h2>Authors</h2>

<ul>
  <li>
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Notredame">Notredame</a> C</span>,
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Higgins">Higgins</a> DG</span>, 
    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Heringa">Heringa</a> J</span>
  </li>
</ul>
..
<table...>
  <tr>
    <td ...>
      <h2>Online Article
        <span class="Z3988"
          title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/citeulike.org/citeulike&amp;rft.aufirst=&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10%2e1006%2fjmbi%2e2000%2e4042&amp;rft.spage=205&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Notredame&amp;rft.title=J+Mol+Biol&amp;rft.epage=217&amp;rft.issn=0022%2d2836&amp;rft.volume=302&amp;rft.auinit=C&amp;rft.atitle=T%2dCoffee%3a+A+novel+method+for+fast+and+accurate+multiple+sequence+alignment%2e&amp;date=2000-9-8&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;genre=article">
        </span>

      </h2>
    </td>
  </div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td ...>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <span class="black">DOI:</span>
        <a accesskey="1" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4042" rel="nofollow">View article online</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span class="black">Pubmed:</span>
        <a accesskey="2" 
          href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
            View article online</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span class="black">Hubmed:</span> 
        <a accesskey="3" href="http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
          View article online</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </td>
</tr>
</table>
</nowiki>
</pre>

== Amazon.com citation info ==

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

<pre><nowiki>
<a name='citing' ></a><b>This book cites 10 books:</b><br />
<ul...>
  <li> 
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1555424236/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance">
      The New Faculty Member: Supporting and Fostering Professional Development (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
    </a>
    by Robert Boice on
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S04X&checkSum=vptuDOjULIOadVNe9UFX36fnIKktwxxQOeBmFQupyrA%3D">page 156</a>, and <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S088&checkSum=vptuDOjULINm2bvcL37hZR%2BcnJi%2F9hhUyu1%2FlXWnOM8%3D">
      page 275
    </a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0137947364/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance" >Science, Technology and Society</a>
    by Robert E. McGinn on
    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S023&checkSum=vptuDOjULIMgFwAeeT8gWiDHmklkxfy%2BGug%2BAS7UI2Y%3D">page 54</a></li><li>



</nowiki>
</pre>

== PubMed Medical Journal Example == 

Still another example of markup in the wild, coming from a search for "pancreas" in the New England Journal of Medicine from pubmed.org.

Note the title attribute with the expanded version of the canonical abbreviation for the journal.

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<td ...>
<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15371579&itool=iconnoabstr&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum">
    <img alt="No abstract" id="No abstract_15371579" ... Title="No abstract">
</a>
</td>
<td ...>Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.<br>
<font size="-1">
<span title="The New England journal of medicine.">N Engl J Med.</span>
 2004 Sep 16;351(12):1218-26. Review. No abstract available. <br>
PMID: 15371579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
</font>
</td>
</nowiki></pre>

== Wikipedia Examples ==

=== Wikipedia Book ===

<pre><nowiki>
<li id="_note-8"><b><a href="#_ref-8" title="">^</a></b> 
<i>Tuva Or Bust!</i>, Ralph Leighton, W. W. Norton &amp; Company, 2000, 
<a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;isbn=0393320693" 
    class="internal">ISBN 0393320693</a>
</li>
</nowiki></pre>

=== Wikipedia Journal Article ===

<pre><nowiki>
<li id="_note-science1982-Dickerson">
<b><a href="#_ref-science1982-Dickerson_0" title="">^</a></b>
 <cite style="font-style:normal">Dickerson et al. (1982). "The Anatomy of A-, B-, and Z-DNA". 
 <i>Science</i> <b>216</b>: 475-485. DOI: 10.1126/science.7071593.</cite>
 <sup><a href="..." class="external text" title="...">PubMed</a></sup></li>
</nowiki></pre>

=== Wikipedia Court Case ===

<pre><nowiki>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10_v._Google_Inc" title="Perfect 10 v. Google Inc">Perfect 10 v. Google Inc</a></i></td>
<td>CASE NO. CV 04-9484 AHM (SHx)</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Central_District_of_California" title="Central District of California">CDCA</a> 2006</td>
<td>Thumbnails in Web searches that impinged upon market for images of that size were not fair use.</td>
</tr>
</nowiki>
</pre>

=== Wikipedia US Law ===

<pre><nowiki>
<li><cite id="endnote_FISA" style="font-style: normal;">
<a href="#ref_FISA" title=""><b>↑</b></a></cite>&#160; 
<a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode50/usc_sup_01_50_10_36.html" 
    class="external text" title="...">50 U.S.C Chapter 36 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance</a>
     The complete text of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
     </li>
</nowiki></pre>

The sections of the law are cited inline, without markup, as "50 U.S.C. §1801(a) (4),(5),(6)" for example.

=== Wikipedia Conference Presentation ===

<pre><nowiki>
<h3>Conference presentation by Pillar</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.duke.edu/web/tiss/archives/conferencerecords/media/Pillar.htm" 
class="external text" title="...">Foreign and Domestic Publics and the Counter-terrorism Effort</a>
 (Duke University, 21-2 March 2003).</li>
</ul>
</nowiki>
</pre>

=== Wikipedia Primary Historical Source ===

<pre><nowiki>
<li>U.S. War Dept., <a href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/browse.monographs/waro.html" 
                         class="external text" title="...">
<i>The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies</i></a>,
 U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 70 very large volumes of letters and reports written by both armies. 
 Online at <a href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/browse.monographs/waro.html" 
                 class="external autonumber" title="...">[6]</a>
</li>
</nowiki>
</pre>

== BibDesk default HTML export example ==

Due to some recent improvements, BibDesk allows extensive user customization of its HTML output.
It has had an HTML template system since 2004, and the default template hasn't changed much since then.
Here is the default template, which I wrote long before I knew what little I know now of semantic HTML - Mike.

<pre><nowiki>
<div class="content">
<h1><$fileName.lastPathComponent/></h1>
<dl>
<dt class="Key" id="<$citeKey/>"><$citeKey/><dt />
<dd class="Pub">
	<span class="Title"><$fields.Title/></span><br />
	<span class="Author"><$pubAuthorsForDisplay/></span><br />
	<span class="Journal"><$fields.Journal/></span>&nbsp;
	<span class="Volume"><$fields.Volume/></span>&nbsp;
	<span class="Pages"><$fields.Pages/></span>&nbsp;
	(<span class="Date"><$fields.Year/></span>)<br />
	<span class="Url"><a href="<$fields.Url/>"><$fields.Url/></a></span><br />
	<div class="Abstract"><$fields.Abstract/></div>
<dd />
</dl>
</div> 
</nowiki></pre>

Here's a popular modification to the default template, also from 2004, which was used to make this [http://craftsrv1.epfl.ch/~cherubini/extranet/bib/CSCL.bib.html annotated reading list].

<pre><nowiki>
<p class="trigger">
    <table width="100%"  border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
        <tr>
            <td width="20%"><span class="Author"><$pubFields.Author/></span></td>
            <td width="5%"><span class="Year"><$pubFields.Year/></span></td>
            <td width="55%"><span class="Title"><$pubFields.Title/></span></td>
            <td width="10%"><span class="url"><$pubType/></span></td>               
        </tr>
    </table>
</p>
<div>
<span class="url"> 
<a href="<$pubFields.Url/>"> <img src="pdf_icon.gif" border="0"> <$citeKey/> ~ <$pubFields.Url/></a>
</span>

<p class="Annote">Abstract:<br><$pubFields.Abstract/>
<br>Notes: <br><$pubFields.Annote/><br>
<br>Keywords: <$pubFields.Keywords/>
<br>BibTeX: <$bibTeXString/> <br>
<br><$RTFValue/>
</p>
</div>
</nowiki></pre>

Note that the tags that look like &lt;$foo/&gt; are templating entries and are replaced by values from each cited publication object.

== Implied schema ==

Many of the examples have simple citations in &lt;p&gt;, &lt;div&gt;, &lt;td&gt; etc with no further coding; i.e. &lt;td&gt;Book Title. Author. Publisher, date.&lt;/td&gt;

The following lists the most common markup:

=== Book Titles: ===

*id="title"
*class="producttitle"
*class="title"
*id="lblTitle"
*h1
*h2
*&lt;dt&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
*&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;
*&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
*&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;

=== Book Series: ===

*id="serieslbl"
*class="productsubtitle"

=== Sub-titles: ===

*id="subtitle"
*class="productsubtitle"
*class="sub_title"
*id="lblSubTitle"
*class="book_subline"
*class="subTitle"

=== Author: ===

*id="credit"
*class="productauthor"
*class="author"
*Authors (table cell)
*class="byline"
*class="creator"
*class="role"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
*&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

=== Publication Date: ===

*id="pubdate"
*Publication Date: (table cell)
*id="pnlPubDate"
*Publication Date: 
*class="publicationdate"
*Published/Released: 
*class="date" w/ class="year", class="month", class="day"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements

=== Publisher: ===

*class="publisher"
*class="origin" (publication location)

=== Volumes: ===

*class="volume"

=== Issue Number: ===

*class="issue"

=== Page Numbers: ===

*class="locator" (inclusive page numbers)

=== ISBN: ===

*class="isbn"
*id="pnlIsbn"
*id="lblIsbn"
*class="isbnNumber"

=== Book Edition: ===

*class="edition"
*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements


== Citeproc XHTML output ==

I'm the author of the [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html citeproc] project, which includes a micro-format of sorts (though I never thought of it as such) in its XHTML output mode.  See [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/examples/apa-en.html here] for an example.  The difference compared to the bibtex-derived model is that is a) more generic and b) hierachical. 

It would be possible, certainly, to do a flat model if for some reason there was a good technical reason not to go hierarchical (though is there?)

'''The burden of proof is on *going* hierarchical, rather than a simpler flat solution.  Complexity must be justified, not simplicity.'''

... but then you need to think outside the BibTeX box in any case. Any model of this sort ought to be able to handle legal citations, magazine articles, patents, etc. etc.; not just a narrow range of BibTeX types.

'''Per the microformats [[process]], microformats are designed to support existing practice on the Web, anything else should be omitted from at least the first version.'''


== Styles ==
This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

* [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
* [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
* [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations