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= hCalendar =
{{DISPLAYTITLE:hCalendar 1.0}}
{{latest|h-event}}
<span class="vcard"><span class="fn">[[User:Tantek|Tantek Çelik]]</span> (<span class="role">Editor</span>, <span class="role">Author</span>)</span>, <span class="vcard"><span class="fn">[[User:Brian|Brian Suda]]</span> (<span class="role">Author</span>)</span>
----
<dfn style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold">hCalendar</dfn> is a simple, open format for publishing events on the web, using a 1:1 representation of iCalendar ([[rfc-2445|RFC2445]]) VEVENT properties and values in HTML. hCalendar is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards suitable for embedding data in HTML/HTML5, and Atom/RSS/XHTML or other XML.


hCalendar is a simple open, distributed calendaring and events format, based on the  iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]), suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML. hCalendar is one of several open [[microformats|microformat]] standards.
[[hcalendar#Copyright|Copyright]] and [[hcalendar#Patents|patents]] statements apply. See [[hcalendar#Inspiration_and_Acknowledgments|acknowledgments]].


__TOC__
== Example ==
Here is a simple prose event:
<blockquote><p>The microformats.org site was launched on 2005-06-20 at the Supernova Conference in San Francisco, CA, USA.</p></blockquote>


== Draft Specification ==
marked up with hCalendar
 
<source lang=html4strict>
=== Editor ===
<span class="vevent">
[http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik] ([http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc])
<span class="summary">The microformats.org site was launched</span>
on <span class="dtstart">2005-06-20</span>
at the Supernova Conference
in <span class="location">San Francisco, CA, USA</span>.
</span>
</source>


=== Authors ===
'''Want to get started with writing an [[hcalendar|hCalendar]] event?''' Use the [http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator hCalendar creator] to write up an event and publish it, or follow the [[hcalendar-authoring|hCalendar authoring tips]] to add hCalendar markup to your page of upcoming events or events you mention in blog posts, wikis, etc.
* [http://tantek.com/ Tantek Çelik], [http://technorati.com Technorati, Inc]
* [http://suda.co.uk/ Brian Suda]


=== Copyright ===
== Status ==
{{MicroFormatCopyrightStatement2004}}
hCalendar 1.0 is a microformats.org specification. Public discussion on hCalendar takes place on [[hcalendar-feedback]], the #microformats [[irc]] channel on irc.freenode.net, and [http://microformats.org/discuss/mail/microformats-discuss/ microformats-discuss mailing list].


=== Patents ===
=== Available languages ===
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}
The English version of this specification is the only normative version. For translations of this document see the [[#translations]] section.


=== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ===
=== Errata and Updates ===
Thanks to:
Known errors and issues in this specification are corrected in [[hcalendar-issues-resolved|resolved]] and [[hcalendar-issues-closed|closed]] issues. Please check there before reporting [[hcalendar-issues|issues]].
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.


Note in particular the [[dtend-issue]] which affects end dates. Implementations {{should}} implement the issue resolution ASAP and [http://ufxtract.com/testsuite/hcalendar/hcalendar1.htm test it].


The hCalendar 1.0.1 update is currently under development and incorporates known errata corrections as well as the [[value-class-pattern]].


== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Line 31: Line 41:
In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc.  With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.
In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc.  With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.


This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic XHTML.  Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired.  In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.
This specification introduces the '''hCalendar''' format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic HTML.  Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired.  In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.
 
{{rfc-2119-intro}}


== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==
== Semantic XHTML Design Principles ==


{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}
{{semantic-xhtml-design-principles}}
For practical implementations, it should be noted that Internet Explorer's support for styling <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements is poor, and may require wrapper elements.


== Format ==
== Format ==
=== In General ===
=== In General ===
The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]) forms the basis of hCalendar.
The iCalendar standard ([http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt RFC2445]) forms the basis of hCalendar.


Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ "iCal-Basic" effort] and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.
Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ "iCal-Basic" effort] and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.


The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML.
The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML elements.
 
=== Root Class Name ===
The root class name for hCalendar is "vcalendar".  An element with a class name of "vcalendar" is itself called an ''hCalendar''.
 
The root class name for events is "vevent". An element with a class name of "vevent" is itself called an ''hCalendar event''.
 
For authoring convenience, both "vevent" and "vcalendar" are treated as root class names for parsing purposes.  If a document contains elements with class name "vevent" but not "vcalendar", the entire document has an implied "vcalendar" context.
 
'''vevent''' should be considered required for each event listing.
 
=== Properties and Sub-properties ===
The properties of an hCalendar are represented by elements inside the hCalendar.  Elements with class names of the listed properties represent the values of those properties.  Some properties have sub-properties, and those are represented by elements inside the elements for properties.
 
=== Property List ===
hCalendar properties (sub-properties in parentheses like this)
 
'''Required:'''
* '''dtstart''' ([[iso-8601|ISO date]])
* '''summary'''
Optional:
* location
* url
* dtend (ISO date), duration (ISO date duration)
* rdate, rrule
* category, description
* uid
* geo (latitude, longitude)
* attendee (partstat, role), contact, organizer
* attach
* status
* ... editor's note: this list is incomplete (an incomplete list is better than no list) and is being currently edited from RFC2445 to here.  The above list of properties are those that are often used in hCalendar on the web.
 
=== Profile ===
The hCalendar XMDP profile is at http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar
 
Content that uses hCalendar {{should}} reference this profile, e.g.
<source lang=html4strict>
<head profile="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">
</source>
or
<source lang=html4strict>
<link rel="profile" href="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">
</source>
or
<source lang=html4strict>
This content uses <a rel="profile" href="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">hCalendar</a>.
</source>
Content may combine the above methods as well.


=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
=== More Semantic Equivalents ===
For some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:
* <code>URL</code> in iCalendar becomes  <code>&lt;a class="url" href="..."&gt;...&lt;/a&gt;</code> inside the element with <code>class="vevent"</code> in hCalendar.
* <code>ATTENDEE</code>, <code>CONTACT</code>, and <code>ORGANIZER</code> in iCalendar {{may}} be represented by an [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar .
* A named <code>LOCATION</code> (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar {{may}} be represented by a nested [[hcard|hCard]] in hCalendar. Similarly, an address <code>LOCATION</code> {{may}} be represented by an [[adr]], and a geo (latitude and longitude) <code>LOCATION</code> may be represented by a [[geo]].
* <code>UID</code> in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.
* <code>ATTACH</code> in iCalendar becomes an img or object element (where the value is stored ito / retrieved from the 'src' or 'data' attributes respectively). An <code>&lt;a class="attach"                          href="..."&gt;...&lt;/a&gt;</code> may also be used, in which case the 'href' attribute is used for the property value.
=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===


However, for some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:
For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class {{should}} take effect, any others being ignored.
* <code>URL</code> in iCalendar becomes  <code><a class="url" href="...">...</a></code> inside the element with <code>class="vevent"</code> in hCalendar.
* <code>ATTENDEE</code> in iCalendar may in hCalendar be represented by an [[hcard]].


=== Singular vs. Plural Properties ===
For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance {{should}} create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.


For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class should take effect, any others being ignored.
==== Plural Properties Singularized ====


For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance should create a instance of that property.  Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.  
Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.


=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
=== Human vs. Machine readable ===
If an <code>&lt;abbr&gt;</code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code>&lt;abbr&gt;</code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element,  which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.  This specification recommends that such <code>&lt;abbr&gt;</code> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:
If an <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is used for a property, then the '<code>title</code>' attribute of the <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element,  which instead provide a human presentable version of the value.  This specification recommends that such <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:
* DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE
* DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE


== Example ==
== Examples ==


Here is a sample event in an iCalendar:
Here is a sample multiple-day event in an iCalendar:
<pre><nowiki>
<source lang=text>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://www.web2con.com/
URL:http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html
DTSTART:20051005
DTSTART:20051005
DTEND:20051008
DTEND:20051008
Line 78: Line 144:
END:VEVENT
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
END:VCALENDAR
</nowiki></pre>
</source>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately.  See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.


<pre><nowiki>
and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See [[hcalendar-example1-steps]] for the derivation.
<span class="vevent">
 
  <a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">
<source lang=html4strict>
   <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
<div class="vevent">
  <abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
  <a class="url" href="http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html">
  <abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-08">7</abbr>,
   http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html
</a>
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-07">7</abbr>,
  at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
  at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</a>
</div>
</span>
</source>
</nowiki></pre>
 
which could be displayed as:
which could be displayed as:


[http://www.web2con.com/ Web 2.0 Conference: October 5-7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA]
<div class="vevent">
<span class="url">http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html</span>&nbsp;<!-- note modified to account for idiosyncrasy of wiki software -->
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:  
<abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
<abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-07">7</abbr>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</div>
 
Note 1: that this is a '''live''' hCalendar microformat, which will be found on this page by parsers.
 
Note 2: This example used to have "2005-10-08" as the value of the dtend, but per the resolution to the [[dtend-issue]], has been changed to "2005-10-07" in order to encourage publishers/implementers to update their markup/code immediately and [http://ufxtract.com/testsuite/hcalendar/hcalendar1.htm test it].
 
Note 3: Note that the iCalendar in the first part of the example has the code <code>DTEND:20051008</code>. That "8" is not a typo. iCalendar uses <em>exclusive</em> whole end dates (DTEND values) and thus requires that the DTEND value be set to a whole day <em>after</em> what content publishers visibly display as the ending date of an event. iCalendar's exclusive end dates convention has shown to be [[dtend-issue|problematic and confusing]] for content authors and publishers. Thus per the resolution to the [[dtend-issue]], in hCalendar, the end date is stated exactly as existing events publish visible end dates to humans, with an <em>inclusive</em> end date (dtend property value), in this example, 2005-10-07.
 
=== Meeting Example ===
The following <span id="Example_2">example</span> specifies a scheduled meeting that begins
at 8:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998 and ends at 9:30 AM EST on March 12,
1998.
 
<source lang=text>
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:guid-1.host1.com
DTSTAMP:19980309T231000Z
DESCRIPTION:Project XYZ Review Meeting
SUMMARY:XYZ Project Review
DTSTART:19980312T133000Z
DTEND:19980312T143000Z
LOCATION:1CP Conference Room 4350
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
</source>
 
The equivalent in hCalendar:
 
<source lang=html4strict>
<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To be held on
<span class="dtstart">
  <abbr class="value" title="1998-03-12">the 12th of March</abbr>
  from <span class="value">8:30am</span> <abbr class="value" title="-0500">EST</abbr>
</span> until
<span class="dtend">
  <span class="value">9:30am</span> <abbr class="value" title="-0500">EST</abbr>
</span>
</p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on
<span class="dtstamp">
  <abbr class="value" title="1998-03-09">the 9th</abbr> at <span class="value">6:00pm</span>
</span>
</small>
</div>
</source>
 
This could be displayed as:
 
----
 
<div class="vevent">
 
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To be held on <time class="dtstart" datetime="1998-03-12 08:30:00-05:00">the 12th of March from 8:30am EST</time>
until <time class="dtend" datetime="1998-03-12 09:30:00-05:00">9:30am EST</time></p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on <time class="dtstamp" datetime="1998-03-09 18:00">the 9th at 6:00pm</time></small></div>
 
----


Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format.  When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.
Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format.  When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.


Note 2: A surrounding &lt;span class="vcalendar"&gt; element is optional, and is left out as such.  It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered.  The implied context/scope is that of the document.  Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.
Note 2: A surrounding <code><nowiki><span class="vcalendar"></nowiki></code> element is optional, and is left out as such.  It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered.  The implied context/scope is that of the document.  Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.


Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.
Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.


Note 4: ISO8601 dates (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly.  In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context.  Thus <code>&lt;abbr&gt;</code> elements are used to simultaneously provide a human friendly date and/or time in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 datetime in the 'title' attribute.
Note 4: [[iso-8601|ISO8601]] datetimes (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly.  In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context.  Thus the [[value-class-pattern]] and <code><nowiki><abbr></nowiki></code> elements are used to simultaneously provide human friendly dates and/or times in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 dates and times in the 'title' attribute when necessary. Per the [[value-class-pattern]], separate dates and times {{should}} be used by authors rather than a full ISO8601 datetime, for better readability and listenability.
The notation YYYY-MM-DD should be used for better readability.
 
Note 5: Per the [[dtend-issue]] resolution, DTEND dates are provided as humans expecte them to be (consistent with what day an event ends on), rather than iCalendar's confusing definition (the day after). Thus hCalendar processors which produce iCalendar must make the transformation, which is to treat a whole hCalendar <code>dtend</code> end date as *inclusive*, and convert it to an *[http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/2005-September/000769.html exclusive DTEND]* end date when producing iCalendar.
 
Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an [[hcard|hCard]].  See [http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-brainstorming#hCard_locations hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations] for a informative explanation of how to do this.


Note 5: The difference between the DTEND ISO8601 date (2005-10-08) and the human readable date (7) is NOT a mistake.  [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/2005-September/000769.html DTEND is exclusive], meaning, that the event ends just before the DTEND. Thus for events which start on one day and end on another day, the DTEND date must be specified as the day after the day that a human would say is the last day of the event.
=== More Examples ===
See [[hcalendar-examples|hCalendar examples]] for more examples, including examples from iCalendar RFC 2445 converted into hCalendar.


== Examples in the wild ==
== Examples in the wild ==
This section is '''informative'''.
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCalendar examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a [[hcalendar-examples-in-wild|separate page]].


The following sites have implemented hCalendar, and thus are a great place to start for anyone looking for examples "in the wild" to try parsing, indexing, organizing etc.  If events on your pages are marked up with hCalendar, feel free to add it to the top of this list.  Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
See [[hcalendar-examples-in-wild|hCalendar Examples in the wild]].


== Implementations ==
This section is '''informative'''. The number of hCalendar implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a [[hcalendar-implementations|separate page]].


* [http://www.funfairgames.net/weblog/posts/00000011.html Upcoming events on Jason A.R. Moody Amusements Weblog] posted by Jason Moody on 15 Oct 2005.
See [[hcalendar-implementations|hCalendar Implementations]].
 
* [http://tantek.com/microformats/2005/web2/program.html Web 2.0 Conference schedule page marked up with hCalendar]


* [http://ifreebusy.com/ ifreebusy.com] will display freebusy information using hCalendar. See this [http://ifreebusy.com/neiljensen/freebusy/ example].
== Articles ==
* [http://we05.com/ Web Essentials 05] has marked up their [http://we05.com/program.cfm program schedule table with hCalendar], using the 'axis' and 'headers' attributes.
This section is <strong>informative</strong>.  
* [http://www.bokle.de/ s'Bokle] is a German music pub. Their events calendar has been marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://www.asdvbonaparte.nl/ ASDV Bonaparte] is a Dutch debating society. Their events calendar has been marked up with the hCalendar conventions.
* [http://www.thisiscmon.com/ C'MON] is a rock band from Canada, and their [http://www.thisiscmon.com/shows/ tour dates] have been marked up by [http://www.d2digitalmedia.com/ Ray Dickman] with hCalendar.
* [http://chocnvodka.blogware.com/blog Suw Charman] has marked up [http://suw.org.uk/archives/category/events/ her events] with hCalendar.
* [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/ Blog Business Summit] has published their [http://www.blogbusinesssummit.com/details.htm event details] marked up with hCalendar.
* [http://evdb.com EVDB], the Events and Venues database, publishes all events with hCalendar.
* [http://upcoming.org Upcoming.org] publishes all events and lists of events with hCalendar.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/ Laughing Squid Calendar] events, [http://laughingsquid.com/squidlist/calendar/9949/2005/5/9 e.g. this party], now supports hCalendar.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://concerts.shrub.ca/ Sunnyvale House Concerts] site publishes hCalendar event information for upcoming concerts.  In addition the [http://concerts.shrub.ca/shows Past Shows] page contains hCalendar events for all past concerts.
* [http://paulschreiber.com/ Paul] Schreiber's [http://iceoasis.shrub.ca/ unofficial schedule site] publishes hCalendar information for upcoming hockey games at [http://www.iceoasis.com/ Ice Oasis]
* [http://www.complexspiral.com/ Complex Spiral Consulting], both in the "Events" box on left side, and the separate [http://www.complexspiral.com/events/ Events page].
* [http://tantek.com/log Tantek's Thoughts], specifically the "Events" roll in the right-most column.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/holidays/ Lesser Known Holidays], a list of holidays on [http://suda.co.uk suda.co.uk] that can be imported via iCal and hCal so you can compare actual transformation versus intended.
* [http://norman.walsh.name/2005/itinerary/ Norm Walsh's travel schedule] use hCalendar as well as GRDDL.
* [http://www.policyawareweb.org/2005/ftf2/paw-mtg Policy Aware Web (PAW) Project Meeting] uses hCalendar to record date-related decisions, and uses a vtodo microformat to record action items.
* The [http://www.kiez-ev.de/ Kiez] is a small cinema and has published its [http://www.kiez-ev.de/programm.htm program] marked up with hCalendar.
* The [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Laboratory for Dependable Distributed Systems] publishes it's [http://lufgi4.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/cfps list of notable CfPs on dependability and security] with hCalendar-todo elements.
* The [http://laughingsquid.com/laughing-squid-10th-anniversary-party/ Laughing Squid 10th Anniversary Party] has an hcalendar page.


== Implementations ==
See: [[hcalendar-articles]].
This section is '''informative'''.


The following implementations have been developed which either generate or parse hCalendars. If you have an hCalendar implementation, feel free to add it to the top of this list.  Once the list grows too big, we'll make a separate wiki page.
==Buttons==
This section is <strong>informative</strong>. Don't forget that you can add one of our [[buttons#hCalendar|buttons]] to the page, to indicate the presence of hCalendar microformats. For example: http://www.boogdesign.com/images/buttons/microformat_hcalendar.png. If you can link it back to this page (or even page on your website, about your use of the microformat), so much the better!


Generation:
== Copyright ==
* [http://hybernaut.com/upcoming-hcal Drupal Upcoming.org syndication module emits hCalendar]
Per the public domain release on the authors' user pages ([[User:Tantek|Tantek Çelik]], [[User:Brian|Brian Suda]]) this specification is released into the public domain.
* [http://theryanking.com/ Ryan King] has an [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar creator].


Conversion:
{{MicroFormatPublicDomainContributionStatement}}
* [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/ George] has built a [http://george.hotelling.net/90percent/geekery/greasemonkey_and_microformats.php Greasemonkey user script that detects hCalendar events and allows users to easily add them to their calendar application(s)].
* [http://blogmatrix.blogmatrix.com/ David Janes] has produced a [[Greasemonkey]] [http://www.blogmatrix.com/include/microformat-find.user.js script] that finds many microformat elements, including hCalendar events, and [http://blog.davidjanes.com/mtarchives/2005_08.html#003379 provides a popup menu of actions]. The hCalendar to vCalendar conversion is done internally within the script.
* [http://suda.co.uk/projects/X2V/ X2V] parses hCalendar and produces a .ics (iCalendar) stream.  Note: needs to be updated to track changes in the specification as they occur.
* [http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2001/palmagent/ palmagent] by [[User:DanC]] includes  toICal.xsl and test materials; it works much like xhtml2vcal.xsl in X2V. See also: [http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ RDF Calendar workspace] with icalendar test materials.
* [http://web.mit.edu/glasser/www/JSCalendar/ JSCalendar] parses hCalendar and produces a displayable HTML table/CSS-based calendar.


Investigation:
== Patents ==
* [http://wiki.mozilla.org/Calendar_Talk:Lightning#hCalendar_publish_and_subscribe_support Mozilla Calendar / Lightning / Sunbird hCalendar support discussion]
{{MicroFormatPatentStatement}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 161: Line 280:
* [[hcard|hCard]]
* [[hcard|hCard]]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt iCalendar RFC2445]
* [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt iCalendar RFC2445]
* [[rfc-2119| RFC 2119]]
* [[iso-8601|ISO8601]]


=== Informative References ===
=== Informative References ===
This section is <strong>informative</strong>.
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 CSS1]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcalendar hCalendar term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://tantek.com/log/2004/09.html#hcalendar hCalendar term introduced and defined on the Web, 20040930]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation, 20040911]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?SimpleSemanticFormats FOO Camp 2004 Simple Semantic Formats presentation, 20040910]
* [http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-02.txt iCal-Basic draft 02]
* [http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-royer-ical-basic/ iCal-Basic (latest)] [http://www.faqs.org/ftp/pub/pub/internet-drafts/draft-royer-ical-basic-04.txt (draft 04)]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime W3C Note on Date and Time Formats]
* [http://www.imc.org/pdi/ Internet Mail Consortium Personal Data Interchange vCard and vCalendar]
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* Contributed from http://developers.technorati.com/wiki/hCalendar
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11 XHTML 1.1]


==== Related Reading ====
==== Specifications That Use hCalendar ====
* [[hreview|hReview]]
 
==== Related Work ====
* [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ IETF-calsify archives]
* [http://lists.osafoundation.org/pipermail/ietf-calsify/ IETF-calsify archives]
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>"Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but  it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people  to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page  that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library,  the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''"</blockquote>
* [http://muddybranch.thejkgroup.com/ Jason Klemow's blog]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://www.softwarestudio.org/iCal/2445Issues.html RFC2445 Issues List]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]
* [http://ietf.webdav.org/calsify/ CALSIFY WG Links And Resources]
* [http://theryanking.com/microformats/hcalendar-creator.html hCalendar Creator]
=== Similar Work ===
* [[XOXO]]


== Discussions ==
== Inspiration and Acknowledgments ==
Thanks to:
* Adam Bosworth for leading the [http://wiki.oreillynet.com/foocamp04/index.cgi?HTMLForCalendars FOO Camp 2004 HTML For Calendars presentation] which brought together a critical mass of interested parties.


This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. There is a separate document where we are keeping our brainstorms and other explorations relating to hCalendar:
== Related Reading ==
 
This section is <strong>informative</strong>.
* [[hcalendar-brainstorming]]
Some <span id="Further_Reading">further reading</span> on the broader topic of calendars and calendaring formats.
* [http://www.livejournal.com/users/jwz/444651.html jwz - Hula] (required reading)
* [http://www.jwz.org/doc/groupware.html Groupware Bad by Jamie Zawinski] crystalizes the reason for hCalendar ('''emphasis''' added):
<blockquote>Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. '''If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.'''</blockquote>


* See also [http://www.technorati.com/cosmos/referer.html blogs discussing this page].
== Related Pages ==
{{hcalendar-related-pages}}
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCalendar Wikipedia article on hCalendar]


=== Q&A ===
[[Category:Specifications]]
* If you have any questions about hCalendar, check the [[hcalendar-faq]], and if you don't find answers, add your questions!
[[Category:hCalendar]]


=== Issues ===
== Translations ==
* Please add any issues with the specification to the separate [[hcalendar-issues]] document.
Read the hCalendar specification in additional <span id="languages">languages</span>:
* [[hcalendar-fr|français]] (French)
* [[hcalendar-ja|日本語]] (Japanese)
* [[hcalendar-pl|Polski]] (Polish)
* [[hcalendar-ru|Русский]] (Russian)

Latest revision as of 16:24, 18 July 2020

See latest version: h-event

Tantek Çelik (Editor, Author), Brian Suda (Author)


hCalendar is a simple, open format for publishing events on the web, using a 1:1 representation of iCalendar (RFC2445) VEVENT properties and values in HTML. hCalendar is one of several open microformat standards suitable for embedding data in HTML/HTML5, and Atom/RSS/XHTML or other XML.

Copyright and patents statements apply. See acknowledgments.

Example

Here is a simple prose event:

The microformats.org site was launched on 2005-06-20 at the Supernova Conference in San Francisco, CA, USA.

marked up with hCalendar

<span class="vevent">
 <span class="summary">The microformats.org site was launched</span>
 on <span class="dtstart">2005-06-20</span> 
 at the Supernova Conference 
 in <span class="location">San Francisco, CA, USA</span>.
</span>

Want to get started with writing an hCalendar event? Use the hCalendar creator to write up an event and publish it, or follow the hCalendar authoring tips to add hCalendar markup to your page of upcoming events or events you mention in blog posts, wikis, etc.

Status

hCalendar 1.0 is a microformats.org specification. Public discussion on hCalendar takes place on hcalendar-feedback, the #microformats irc channel on irc.freenode.net, and microformats-discuss mailing list.

Available languages

The English version of this specification is the only normative version. For translations of this document see the #translations section.

Errata and Updates

Known errors and issues in this specification are corrected in resolved and closed issues. Please check there before reporting issues.

Note in particular the dtend-issue which affects end dates. Implementations SHOULD implement the issue resolution ASAP and test it.

The hCalendar 1.0.1 update is currently under development and incorporates known errata corrections as well as the value-class-pattern.

Introduction

The iCalendar standard (RFC2445), has been broadly interoperably implemented (e.g. Apple's "iCal" application built into MacOSX).

In addition, bloggers often discuss events on their blogs -- upcoming events, writeups of past events, etc. With just a tad bit of structure, bloggers can discuss events in their blog(s) in such a way that spiders and other aggregators can retrieve such events, automatically convert them to iCalendar, and use them in any iCalendar application or service.

This specification introduces the hCalendar format, which is a 1:1 representation of the aforementioned iCalendar standard, in semantic HTML. Bloggers can both embed hCalendar events directly in their web pages, and style them with CSS to make them appear as desired. In addition, hCalendar enables applications to retrieve information about such events directly from web pages without having to reference a separate file.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

Semantic XHTML Design Principles

Note: the Semantic XHTML Design Principles were written primarily within the context of developing hCard and hCalendar, thus it may be easier to understand these principles in the context of the hCard design methodology (i.e. read that first). Tantek

XHTML is built on XML, and thus XHTML based formats can be used not only for convenient display presentation, but also for general purpose data exchange. In many ways, XHTML based formats exemplify the best of both HTML and XML worlds. However, when building XHTML based formats, it helps to have a guiding set of principles.

  1. Reuse the schema (names, objects, properties, values, types, hierarchies, constraints) as much as possible from pre-existing, established, well-supported standards by reference. Avoid restating constraints expressed in the source standard. Informative mentions are ok.
    1. For types with multiple components, use nested elements with class names equivalent to the names of the components.
    2. Plural components are made singular, and thus multiple nested elements are used to represent multiple text values that are comma-delimited.
  2. Use the most accurately precise semantic XHTML building block for each object etc.
  3. Otherwise use a generic structural element (e.g. <span> or <div>), or the appropriate contextual element (e.g. an <li> inside a <ul> or <ol>).
  4. Use class names based on names from the original schema, unless the semantic XHTML building block precisely represents that part of the original schema. If names in the source schema are case-insensitive, then use an all lowercase equivalent. Components names implicit in prose (rather than explicit in the defined schema) should also use lowercase equivalents for ease of use. Spaces in component names become dash '-' characters.
  5. Finally, if the format of the data according to the original schema is too long and/or not human-friendly, use <abbr> instead of a generic structural element, and place the literal data into the 'title' attribute (where abbr expansions go), and the more brief and human readable equivalent into the element itself. Further informative explanation of this use of <abbr>: Human vs. ISO8601 dates problem solved

For practical implementations, it should be noted that Internet Explorer's support for styling <abbr> elements is poor, and may require wrapper elements.

Format

In General

The iCalendar standard (RFC2445) forms the basis of hCalendar.

Note: the editor and authors of this specification are tracking the "iCal-Basic" effort and intend to base the core hCalendar profile on iCal-Basic. See references for a link to the current draft.

The basic format of hCalendar is to use iCalendar object/property names in lower-case for class names, and to map the nesting of iCalendar objects directly into nested XHTML elements.

Root Class Name

The root class name for hCalendar is "vcalendar". An element with a class name of "vcalendar" is itself called an hCalendar.

The root class name for events is "vevent". An element with a class name of "vevent" is itself called an hCalendar event.

For authoring convenience, both "vevent" and "vcalendar" are treated as root class names for parsing purposes. If a document contains elements with class name "vevent" but not "vcalendar", the entire document has an implied "vcalendar" context.

vevent should be considered required for each event listing.

Properties and Sub-properties

The properties of an hCalendar are represented by elements inside the hCalendar. Elements with class names of the listed properties represent the values of those properties. Some properties have sub-properties, and those are represented by elements inside the elements for properties.

Property List

hCalendar properties (sub-properties in parentheses like this)

Required:

Optional:

  • location
  • url
  • dtend (ISO date), duration (ISO date duration)
  • rdate, rrule
  • category, description
  • uid
  • geo (latitude, longitude)
  • attendee (partstat, role), contact, organizer
  • attach
  • status
  • ... editor's note: this list is incomplete (an incomplete list is better than no list) and is being currently edited from RFC2445 to here. The above list of properties are those that are often used in hCalendar on the web.

Profile

The hCalendar XMDP profile is at http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar

Content that uses hCalendar SHOULD reference this profile, e.g.

<head profile="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">

or

<link rel="profile" href="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">

or

This content uses <a rel="profile" href="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar">hCalendar</a>.

Content may combine the above methods as well.

More Semantic Equivalents

For some properties there is a more semantic equivalent, and therefore they get special treatment, e.g.:

  • URL in iCalendar becomes <a class="url" href="...">...</a> inside the element with class="vevent" in hCalendar.
  • ATTENDEE, CONTACT, and ORGANIZER in iCalendar MAY be represented by an hCard in hCalendar .
  • A named LOCATION (potentially with an address and/or geo) in iCalendar MAY be represented by a nested hCard in hCalendar. Similarly, an address LOCATION MAY be represented by an adr, and a geo (latitude and longitude) LOCATION may be represented by a geo.
  • UID in iCalendar simply becomes another semantic applied to a specific URL for an hCalendar event.
  • ATTACH in iCalendar becomes an img or object element (where the value is stored ito / retrieved from the 'src' or 'data' attributes respectively). An <a class="attach" href="...">...</a> may also be used, in which case the 'href' attribute is used for the property value.

Singular vs. Plural Properties

For properties which are singular (e.g. "N" and "FN" from vCard), the first descendant element with that class SHOULD take effect, any others being ignored.

For properties which can be plural (e.g. "TEL" from vCard), each class instance SHOULD create a instance of that property. Plural properties with subtypes (e.g. TEL with WORK, HOME, CELL from vCard) can be optimized to share a common element for the property itself, with each instance of subtype being an appropriately classed descendant of the property element.

Plural Properties Singularized

Since plural property names become their singular equivalents, even if the original plural property permitted only a single value with multiple components, those multiple components are represented each with their own singularly named property and the the property is effectively multivalued and subject to the above treatment of multivalued properties.

Human vs. Machine readable

If an <abbr> element is used for a property, then the 'title' attribute of the <abbr> element is the value of the property, instead of the contents of the element, which instead provide a human presentable version of the value. This specification recommends that such <abbr> elements be used for the following iCalendar properties:

  • DTSTART, DTEND, DURATION, RDATE, RRULE

Examples

Here is a sample multiple-day event in an iCalendar:

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//XYZproduct//EN
VERSION:2.0
BEGIN:VEVENT
URL:http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html
DTSTART:20051005
DTEND:20051008
SUMMARY:Web 2.0 Conference
LOCATION:Argent Hotel\, San Francisco\, CA
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR

and an equivalent event in hCalendar format with various elements optimized appropriately. See hcalendar-example1-steps for the derivation.

<div class="vevent">
 <a class="url" href="http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html">
  http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html
 </a>
 <span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>: 
 <abbr class="dtstart" title="2005-10-05">October 5</abbr>-
 <abbr class="dtend" title="2005-10-07">7</abbr>,
 at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</div>

which could be displayed as:

http://conferences.oreillynet.com/pub/w/40/program.html  Web 2.0 Conference: October 5- 7, at the Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA

Note 1: that this is a live hCalendar microformat, which will be found on this page by parsers.

Note 2: This example used to have "2005-10-08" as the value of the dtend, but per the resolution to the dtend-issue, has been changed to "2005-10-07" in order to encourage publishers/implementers to update their markup/code immediately and test it.

Note 3: Note that the iCalendar in the first part of the example has the code DTEND:20051008. That "8" is not a typo. iCalendar uses exclusive whole end dates (DTEND values) and thus requires that the DTEND value be set to a whole day after what content publishers visibly display as the ending date of an event. iCalendar's exclusive end dates convention has shown to be problematic and confusing for content authors and publishers. Thus per the resolution to the dtend-issue, in hCalendar, the end date is stated exactly as existing events publish visible end dates to humans, with an inclusive end date (dtend property value), in this example, 2005-10-07.

Meeting Example

The following example specifies a scheduled meeting that begins at 8:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998 and ends at 9:30 AM EST on March 12, 1998.

BEGIN:VCALENDAR
BEGIN:VEVENT
UID:guid-1.host1.com
DTSTAMP:19980309T231000Z
DESCRIPTION:Project XYZ Review Meeting
SUMMARY:XYZ Project Review
DTSTART:19980312T133000Z
DTEND:19980312T143000Z
LOCATION:1CP Conference Room 4350
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR

The equivalent in hCalendar:

<div class="vevent">
<h3 class="summary">XYZ Project Review</h3>
<p class="description">Project XYZ Review Meeting</p>
<p>To be held on 
 <span class="dtstart">
  <abbr class="value" title="1998-03-12">the 12th of March</abbr> 
  from <span class="value">8:30am</span> <abbr class="value" title="-0500">EST</abbr>
 </span> until 
 <span class="dtend">
  <span class="value">9:30am</span> <abbr class="value" title="-0500">EST</abbr>
 </span>
</p>
<p>Location: <span class="location">1CP Conference Room 4350</span></p>
<small>Booked by: <span class="uid">guid-1.host1.com</span> on 
 <span class="dtstamp">
  <abbr class="value" title="1998-03-09">the 9th</abbr> at <span class="value">6:00pm</span>
 </span>
</small>
</div>

This could be displayed as:


XYZ Project Review

Project XYZ Review Meeting

To be held on until

Location: 1CP Conference Room 4350

Booked by: guid-1.host1.com on

Note 1: The product information is not necessary since hCalendar is an interchange format. When transforming hCalendar back into iCalendar, the transforming engine should add its own product ID.

Note 2: A surrounding <span class="vcalendar"> element is optional, and is left out as such. It is optional since the context of a vcalendar is implied when a vevent is encountered. The implied context/scope is that of the document. Authors may explicitly use elements with class="vcalendar" to wrap sets of vevents that all belong to the same calendar, e.g. when publishing multiple calendars on the same page.

Note 3: The version information is unnecessary in hCalendar markup directly since the version will be defined by the profile of hCalendar that is used/referred to in the 'profile' attribute of the <head> element.

Note 4: ISO8601 datetimes (required by iCalendar) are not very human friendly. In addition, the year is often understood implicitly by humans from the context. Thus the value-class-pattern and <abbr> elements are used to simultaneously provide human friendly dates and/or times in the visible contents of the element, while placing the respective machine parsable comprehensive ISO8601 dates and times in the 'title' attribute when necessary. Per the value-class-pattern, separate dates and times SHOULD be used by authors rather than a full ISO8601 datetime, for better readability and listenability.

Note 5: Per the dtend-issue resolution, DTEND dates are provided as humans expecte them to be (consistent with what day an event ends on), rather than iCalendar's confusing definition (the day after). Thus hCalendar processors which produce iCalendar must make the transformation, which is to treat a whole hCalendar dtend end date as *inclusive*, and convert it to an *exclusive DTEND* end date when producing iCalendar.

Note 6: The location in this example contains implicit structure (venue name, city, state) which could be marked up explicitly as an hCard. See hCalendar brainstorming: hCard locations for a informative explanation of how to do this.

More Examples

See hCalendar examples for more examples, including examples from iCalendar RFC 2445 converted into hCalendar.

Examples in the wild

This section is informative. The number of hCalendar examples in the wild has expanded far beyond the capacity of being kept inline in this specification. They have been moved to a separate page.

See hCalendar Examples in the wild.

Implementations

This section is informative. The number of hCalendar implementations has also expanded beyond the capacity of keeping them inline. They have been moved to a separate page.

See hCalendar Implementations.

Articles

This section is informative.

See: hcalendar-articles.

Buttons

This section is informative. Don't forget that you can add one of our buttons to the page, to indicate the presence of hCalendar microformats. For example: microformat_hcalendar.png. If you can link it back to this page (or even page on your website, about your use of the microformat), so much the better!

Copyright

Per the public domain release on the authors' user pages (Tantek Çelik, Brian Suda) this specification is released into the public domain.

Public Domain Contribution Requirement. Since the author(s) released this work into the public domain, in order to maintain this work's public domain status, all contributors to this page agree to release their contributions to this page to the public domain as well. Contributors may indicate their agreement by adding the public domain release template to their user page per the Voluntary Public Domain Declarations instructions. Unreleased contributions may be reverted/removed.

Patents

This specification is subject to a royalty free patent policy, e.g. per the W3C Patent Policy, and IETF RFC3667 & RFC3668.

References

Normative References

Informative References

This section is informative.

Specifications That Use hCalendar

Related Work

Inspiration and Acknowledgments

Thanks to:

Related Reading

This section is informative. Some further reading on the broader topic of calendars and calendaring formats.

Right now people can do that by publishing .ics files, but it's not trivial to do so, and it's work on the part of other people to look at them. If it's not HTML hanging off our friend's home page that can be viewed in any browser on a public terminal in a library, the bar to entry is too high and it's useless.

Related Pages

This specification is a work in progress. As additional aspects are discussed, understood, and written, they will be added. These thoughts, issues, and questions are kept in separate pages.

Translations

Read the hCalendar specification in additional languages: