citation-examples: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020

The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.

To add examples: please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the citation-examples-markup page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on citation-examples-markup. Thanks!

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ABC-CLIO example ABC-CLIO Original Markup

title
subtitle
author
image
publication date
pages
volumes
specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
Format - (Hardback, softback)
Price
ISBN

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

The ACM Digital Library is a heavily used computer science literature database.

The ACM Original Markup contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.

Journal article:

title
authors
Pages
format (PDF)
Additional Information
abstract
index terms
journal
issue
volume
pubdate
DOI

Conference Proceedings:

title
authors
author institutions
source (conference + proceedings name)
page
year
isbn
publisher name & address
DOI
abstract
subject category labels
keywords

Amazon.com citation info

This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.

Amazon's Original Markup

title
author
series title
page

CiteSeer database search results

The CiteSeer database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:

author
title
journal
pages
publication date
URL
Accessed On

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteULike

CiteULike's Original Markup

title
author
subjects
image
Volume
Number
publication date
page

Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link

Z3988
DOI
Pubmed
Hubmed

CiteProc XHTML Output

CiteProc Original Markup

The XHTML output for CiteProc[1] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:

refID (HTML @ID)
creator
role (to indicate editors and translators)
date
title
volume
issue
page
issue
container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
edition
publisher
place
location (for urls and physical locations)
access date (for online items)

Google Cache

Original Markup

url
retrieved date

Greenwood Press featured book

greenwood press home page Original Markup

title
subtitle
author
ISBN
Price
Description

Greenwood Press product detail page

Product detail page Original Markup

Title
subtitle
authors
AuthorsNote
BookCode (internal code system)
ISBN
Page
Publisher
Publication Date
Price
Availability
MediaType
categories
LC Card Number
LCC Class
Dewey Class

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Original Markup

title
authors
journal
issue
volume
issue
pubdate
page
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
summary

Marshall Cavendish product page

product page Original Markup

ISBN
Series
Title
publisher
Specifications (dimentions/weight)
Authors
Target Audience
Price
description

Ning

Original Example

title
publications date
retrieved on

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

homepage Original Markup

title
subTitle
edition
byline
ISBN
format - hardback
publication Date
price
description
related

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Product page

Original Markup

title
subTitle
edition
byline
image
isbnNumber
format - hardback
pages
publication Date
availability
price

Thomson Gale product detail page

Original Markup

title
excerp
Volume
Publisher
description
Published date
ISBN
Product number (internal code system)
Pages
Shipping Weight
price

RFC vCard Example

Original Markup

refID (HTML @ID)
title
publication
title
Journal
Volume
Issue
page
pubdate
RFC ID

University of Virginia

Original Markup

title
publication date
retrived on
location
organization

W3C XHTML Spec Example

Original Markup

refID (HTML @ID)
URL
title
subtitle
part (1 of X)
journal
authors
pubdate
language
ISO/IEC ID
RFC ID

XHTML1.0 Spec references

PubMed Medical Journal Example

Original Markup

abstract
title
publisher
journal
date of publication
volume
issue
pages
language
Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
PubMedID

BibDesk Default Template

Original Markup

This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.

Title
Author
Journal
Volume
Pages
Date
Url
Abstract

Wikipedia

Wikipedia makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.

Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).

English Wikipedia

The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:

Original Markup

id
title
url
Retrieved/Accessed On
Publication Date
Journal

Book

Example Example Markup

title
author
publisher
year
ISBN
url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)

Book Infobox

The Book Infobox template from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.

name
title_orig
translator
image
image_caption
author
illustrator
cover_artist
country
language
series
subject
genre
publisher
release_date
english_release_date
media_type
pages
isbn
preceded_by
followed_by

Journal Articles

Court cases

Example Example Markup

title
case number
- note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"
court name
year
description/abstract

U.S. Law

Example Example Markup

title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
chapter number
section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)

Conference presentations

Example Example Markup

title
location
date
author (implied - the page is about this person)

Historical Sources

Example Example Markup

source / location
title
publisher
year
description
url

U.S. Patent

Example Example Markup

number

German Wikipedia

citing styles

EPrints.org

example example markup

Based on Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements and rfc2731, Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:

title
creator (author)
description (abstract)
date
type
identifier (a url)
format
- a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
fulltext
- this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.

In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:

title
authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
year
conference
conference location

Wolfram Mathworld

example example markup

A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.

authors
title
publisher (name and location)
date (just year)

LibraryThing

[2] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
- e.g. [3]

Self-Citation Example

One example of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):

title
author
periodical (journal) title
volume
issue
pages
year

Citation of an Online Resource

example markup

At University of Michigan's Center for Research on Learning and Teaching you see citations like this:

Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.

title
publication year
department/author
retrieval date
URL

"Many, Many Maps," First Monday contains citations to online resources like this:

E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.

author
publication year
web page title
URL
accessed date

"The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly uses the following citation format for online resources:

Hitler Historical Museum, http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.

title
URL
accessed date

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

example example-makrup

title
type (book)
publisher name
publisher location
copyright date
isbn
oclc number
subjects
author
z39.88 (COinS)

Journal

example example-makrup

title
type (journal)
publisher
issn
oclc number
subjects
z39.88 (COinS)

West Midland Bird Club

Uses OpenCOinS

Features include:

title
author
date
price (historic, at time of publication)
format
publisher
number of pages
ISBN/ ISSN
product dimensions
page numbers of article
image(s)

Amazon

Product listings, e.g. [4]

title
author
price
format
publisher
number of pages
language
ISBN
product dimensions
shipping weighta
average customer review
image
Amazon.com Sales Rank

ABE

Product listings, e.g. [5]

title
author
ISBN
publisher
publication date
country
edition
condition
whether signed
format/binding
number of pages
bookseller
inventory number
price
shipping costs
quantity

Open URL

See OpenURL

Upcoming

Open Library

Open Library
- There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.
  - BBC news story 2007-07-31

External Lists of Citation Examples

http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm

Implied schema

List of all properties

This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.

title
subtitle
author
editor
translator
image
date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
language
description/Summary/abstract
excerpt
index terms
categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)

RELATIONS

container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
collection (series and so forth)
event (conference, etc.)
original (for republished material)

LOCATION INFORMATION

pages
volume
series title
Series
edition
issue
publication
journal
part (1 of X)

PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

Specifications (dimentions/weight)
Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)

IDENTIFIERS

ISBN
LC Card Number
LCC Class
Dewey Class
URL
RFC ID
ISO/IEC ID
DOI
PubMedID

PUBLISHER

publisher

These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.

refID (HTML @ID)
Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
Availability
Price
Shipping Weight
related
Product number (internal system code)
BookCode (internal system code)
AuthorsNote
Additional Information
Target Audience

Analysis of Examples

With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:

title
subtitle
author
publication date
description
pages
ISBN
publisher

Styles

This section should be moved and incorporated into citation-formats.

This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.

MLA Style
Chicago, MLA, and APA styles
Writer's Workshop citation style page (detailed citation style info)
Blue Book for legal citations
The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<h1> Citation Examples </h1>
+{{DISPLAYTITLE: Citation Examples }}
 The following examples are real world examples of citations found on the web. Please add to this list. The idea is that we get a solid sample of examples and see what commonalities there are amonst them and try to build this microformat so that it can meet 80% of typical uses.
-See also:
+'''To add examples:''' please first add a copy of the HTML source for your example at the [[citation-examples-markup]] page, then add a description of the example to this page, with a link to the corresponding section on [[citation-examples-markup]]. Thanks!
-* [[citation]]
-* [[citation-formats]]
-* [[citation-brainstorming]]
 __TOC__
-== Contributors ==
-* ...
-* ...
-* Tantek Çelik
-* [http://michael-mccracken.net/wp/ Michael McCracken]
-* Tim White
 == Citation Mark Up in the Wild ==
-Mark up examples from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
+Mark up examples, e.g. including from reference publisher's websites (online catalogs), including ABC-CLIO, Greenwood Press, Marshall Cavendish, Oxford University Press (USA) and Thomson Gale. Examples are broken down and organized by element.
-(For a cleaner version, see [http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm])
+=== ABC-CLIO Product detail page ===
+[http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 ABC-CLIO example]
+[[citation-examples-markup#ABC-CLIO_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.abc-clio.com.2Fproducts.2Foverview.aspx.3Fproductid.3D109327.29|ABC-CLIO Original Markup]]
-=== ABC-CLIO Product [http://www.abc-clio.com/products/overview.aspx?productid=109327 detail page] ===
+* title
 * subtitle
-* title
 * author
-* Image
+* image
-* pubdate
+* publication date
 * pages
 * volumes
-* trimsize (book dimentions 8.5x11)
+* specifications (book dimentions 8.5x11, weight, etc)
-* Format
+* Format - (Hardback, softback)
 * Price
 * ISBN
-=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/ home page] featured book ===
+=== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ===
+The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
+The [[citation-examples-markup#ACM_Digital_Library_Search_Result_Examples|ACM Original Markup]] contained two examples, a journal article and a conference proceedings article.
+''Journal article:''
+* title
+* authors
+* Pages
+* format (PDF)
+* Additional Information
+* abstract
+* index terms
+* journal
+* issue
+* volume
+* pubdate
+* DOI
+''Conference Proceedings:''
+* title
+* authors
+* author institutions
+* source (conference + proceedings name)
+* page
+* year
+* isbn
+* publisher name & address
+* DOI
+* abstract
+* subject category labels
+* keywords
+=== Amazon.com citation info ===
+This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
+[[citation-examples-markup#Amazon.com_citation_info|Amazon's Original Markup]]
 * title
-* sub_title
 * author
-* isbn
+* series title
-* price
+* page
-* bookDescription
+=== CiteSeer database search results ===
+The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
+#[[citation-examples-markup#CiteSeer_database_search_results|CiteSeer's Original Markup]]
+#[[citation-examples#CiteSeer|CiteSeer's Original Example 2]]
+* author
+* title
+* journal
+* pages
+* publication date
+* URL
+* Accessed On
+=== CiteULike.org citation listing ===
+[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike]
+[[citation-examples-markup#CiteULike.org_citation_listing|CiteULike's Original Markup]]
+* title
+* author
+* subjects
+* image
+* Volume
+* Number
+* publication date
+* page
+Links to services with the following IDs embedded in the link
+* Z3988
+* DOI
+* Pubmed
+* Hubmed
+=== CiteProc XHTML Output ===
+[[citation-examples-markup#CiteProc_XHTML_Output|CiteProc Original Markup]]
+The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc/] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is designed to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
+* refID (HTML @ID)
+* creator
+* role (to indicate editors and translators)
+* date
+* title
+* volume
+* issue
+* page
+* issue
+* container (a book serves as container for a chapter)
+* type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
+* edition
+* publisher
+* place
+* location (for urls and physical locations)
+* access date (for online items)
+=== Google Cache ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Google Original Markup]
+* url
+* retrieved date
+=== Greenwood Press featured book ===
+[http://www.greenwood.com/ greenwood press home page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_home_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2F.29_featured_book Original Markup]
+* title
+* subtitle
+* author
+* ISBN
+* Price
+* Description
-=== Greenwood Press [http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page] ===
+=== Greenwood Press product detail page ===
+[http://www.greenwood.com/catalog/GR2847.aspx Product detail page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Greenwood_Press_Product_detail_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.greenwood.com.2Fcatalog.2FGR2847.aspx.29 Original Markup]
 * Title
-* SubTitle
+* subtitle
 * authors
 * AuthorsNote
-* BookCode
+* BookCode (internal code system)
-* Isbn
+* ISBN
-* PageColation
+* Page
-* Imprint
+* Publisher
-* PubDate
+* Publication Date
-* ListPrice
+* Price
 * Availability
 * MediaType
-* BookInformation (categories)
+* categories
 * LC Card Number
 * LCC Class
-* Dewey Class:
+* Dewey Class
+=== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#IEEE_IEEExplore_Search_Results_Markup Original Markup]
-=== Marshall Cavendish [http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page] ===
+* title
+* authors
+* journal
+* issue
+* volume
+* issue
+* pubdate
+* page
+* Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
+* summary
-* ISBN Number
+=== Marshall Cavendish product page===
+[http://www.marshallcavendish.com/marshallcavendish/academic/redirector.xml?url=/marshallcavendish/academic/catalogue/books/regionalism_n_regional_security/9812102108.xml product page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Marshall_Cavendish_product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.marshallcavendish.com.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fredirector.xml.3Furl.3D.2Fmarshallcavendish.2Facademic.2Fcatalogue.2Fbooks.2Fregionalism_n_regional_security.2F9812102108.xml.29 Original Markup]
+* ISBN
 * Series
 * Title
-* Imprint
+* publisher
 * Specifications (dimentions/weight)
 * Authors
@@ Line 74: / Line 195: @@
 * description
-=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage] ===
+=== Ning ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Ning.com Original Example]
+* title
+* publications date
+* retrieved on
+=== Oxford University Press (USA) home page ===
+[http://www.us.oup.com/us/?view=usa homepage]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_homepage.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.29 Original Markup]
 * title
@@ Line 80: / Line 209: @@
 * edition
 * byline
-* isbnNumber
+* ISBN
 * format - hardback
-* publicationDate
+* publication Date
 * price
 * description
 * related
-=== Oxford University Press (USA) [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]===
+=== Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page ===
+ [http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/?view=usa&amp;ci=0195162471#Product_Details Product page]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Oxford_University_Press_.28USA.29_Product_page.C2.A0.28http:.2F.2Fwww.us.oup.com.2Fus.2Fcatalog.2Fgeneral.2Fsubject.2FHistoryAmerican.2FColonialRevolutionary.2F.3Fview.3Dusa.26ci.3D0195162471.23Product_Details.29 Original Markup]
 * title
@@ Line 97: / Line 228: @@
 * format - hardback
 * pages
-* publicationDate
+* publication Date
 * availability
-* cost
+* price
 === Thomson Gale product detail page ===
-<pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Thomson_Gale_product_detail_page Original Markup]
-<div id =" title_main">
-<h2>Contemporary Literary Criticism</h2>
+* title
+* excerp
+* Volume
+* Publisher
+* description
+* Published date
+* ISBN
+* Product number (internal code system)
+* Pages
+* Shipping Weight
+* price
-<div id =" credits">
+=== RFC vCard Example ===
-	<ul>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#RFC_vCard_Example Original Markup]
-		<li><h2>Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Short Story Writers, Scriptwriters, & Other Creative Writers</h2>
-		Volume 1</li>
-		<li><i>Published by Thomson Gale</i></li>
-	</ul>
-</div>
-<div id =" description">
+* refID (HTML @ID)
-	<p>Each print volume in this long-standing series profiles approximately 6-8 novelists, poets, playwrights and other creative writers by providing full-text or excerpted criticism taken from books, magazines, literary reviews, newspapers and scholarly journals. Among those profiled in this volume are:</p>
+* title
-	<ul>
+* publication
-		<li>Kingsley Amis
+* title
-		<li>John Dos Passos
+* Journal
-		<li>Hermann Hesse
+* Volume
-		<li>Ezra Pound
+* Issue
-	</ul>
+* page
-</div><!-- Description -->
+* pubdate
+* RFC ID
-<div id =" detail">
+=== University of Virginia ===
-	<ul>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#University_of_Virginia Original Markup]
-		<li>Published/Released:<strong> March 1973</strong></li>
+* title
-		<li>ISBN: <strong>0-8103-0100-8</strong></li>
+* publication date
-		<li>Product number: <strong>001415</strong></li>
+* retrived on
-		<li>Page count: <strong>485 pp./vol.</strong></li>
+* location
-		<li>Shipping Weight: <strong>5.00 lbs (2.27 kgs)</strong></li>
+* organization
-	</ul>
-</div>  <!-- /detail-->
-<div id =" price">
+=== W3C XHTML Spec Example ===
-  <P>Price: US $205.00</p>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#W3C_XHTML_Spec_Example Original Markup]
-</div>
-</div>
+* refID (HTML @ID)
-</div>
+* URL
-</pre>
+* title
+* subtitle
+* part (1 of X)
+* journal
+* authors
+* pubdate
+* language
+* ISO/IEC ID
+* RFC ID
-== Breakdown of Citation Elements ==
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]
-Using the above examples, various parts of the citations (titles, authors, etc.) can be grouped together for comparision:
+=== PubMed Medical Journal Example ===
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#PubMed_Medical_Journal_Example Original Markup]
-=== Book titles: ===
+* abstract
-<pre>
+* title
-&lt;span id="title" class="producttitle"&gt;The 1920's&lt;/span&gt;
+* publisher
-(ABC-CLIO product detail page)
+* journal
+* date of publication
+* volume
+* issue
+* pages
+* language
+* Review (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
+* PubMedID
-&lt;div class="title"&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+=== BibDesk Default Template ===
-(Greenwood Press homepage)
+[[citation-examples-markup#BibDesk_default_HTML_export_example|Original Markup]]
-&lt;span id="lblTitle" class="book_headline block"&gt;The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife&lt;/span&gt;
+This is a pretty simplistic template for a very general app, but it seems to be OK for most BD users.
-(Greenwood Press product detail page)
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Title&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+* Title
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends and Counter-strategies&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+* Author
-(Marshall Cavendish product detail page)
+* Journal
+* Volume
+* Pages
+* Date
+* Url
+* Abstract
-&lt;h2&gt; &lt;a href="..."&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
+=== Wikipedia ===
-(Oxford Univ. Press, homepage)
+[http://wikipedia.org Wikipedia] makes extensive use of bibliographic citations, in particular to point readers to further information sources. There are differing formats depending on Wikipedia's language.
-&lt;h1&gt;The Glorious Cause&lt;/h1&gt;
+Note that Wikipedia values are often links to other pages on Wikipedia (used elsewhere, those URLs might be more canonical, such as to an author or publisher's website).
-(OUP, product detail page)
-&lt;h2&gt;Contemporary Literary Criticism&lt;/h2&gt;
+==== English Wikipedia ====
-(Thomson Gale, product detail page)
+The kinds of citations used on the site run the full gamut. Here are breakdowns of four categories previously mentioned:
-&lt;span id="ctlBookDetailHeader_lblTitle" class="ProdTitle"&gt;Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods&lt;/span&gt; (SAGE Publications)
+===== Original Markup =====
-</pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki?title=citation-examples-markup&action=submit#Wikipedia Original Markup]
-Also, many examples where books presented in table format with Title as cell header, or presented "Title: "
+* id
+* title
+* url
+* Retrieved/Accessed On
+* Publication Date
+* Journal
-=== Book Series Name: ===
+===== Book =====
-<pre>
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_feynman#_note-8 Example]
-&lt;span id="serieslbl" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;a href="..."&gt;Teaching With Documents Series&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Book Example Markup]
-(ABC-CLIO)
-</pre>
-=== Sub-title: ===
+* title
-<pre>
+* author
-&lt;span id="subtitle" class="productsubtitle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+* publisher
-(ABC-CLIO)
+* year
+* ISBN
+* url (indirectly via special wikipedia ISBN page)
+===== Book Infobox =====
-&lt;div class="sub_title"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/div&gt;
+The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Book Book Infobox template] from wikipedia shows a separate schema that is being used for many book pages on wikipedia to mark up a summary box about the book.
-(Greenwood, homepage)
-&lt;span id="lblSubTitle" class="book_subline"&gt;[Four Volumes]&lt;/span&gt;
+See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_templates Other Wikipedia book templates] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates Wikipedia citation templates].
-(Greenwood, product page)
+* name
+* title_orig
+* translator
+* image
+* image_caption
+* author
+* illustrator
+* cover_artist
+* country
+* language
+* series
+* subject
+* genre
+* publisher
+* release_date
+* english_release_date
+* media_type
+* pages
+* isbn
+* preceded_by
+* followed_by
-&lt;div class="subTitle"&gt; The American Revolution, 1763-1789 &lt;/div&gt;
-(OUP)
-</pre>
-=== Author: ===
-<pre>
-&lt;span id="credit" class="productauthor"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
+===== Journal Articles =====
+See also:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Infobox_Journal Wikipedia infobox for journals]
-&lt;div class="author"&gt;William M. Clements&lt;/div&gt;
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA#Citations Example]
-(Greenwood)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Journal_Article Example Markup]
+* author (truncated list)
+* year
+* title
+* journal title
+* journal number
+* page range
+* [http://doi.org DOI]
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;Authors&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+===== Court cases =====
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;Andrew Tan &amp; Kumar Ramakrishna (eds)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leading_legal_cases_in_copyright_law Example]
-(Marshall Cavendish)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Court_Case Example Markup]
+* title
+* case number
+** ''note that legal standards for referring to cases include some inscrutable abbreviations that are probably more detailed than just "case number"''
+* court name
+* year
+* description/abstract
-&lt;div class="byline"&gt; Robert Middlekauff &lt;/div&gt;
+===== U.S. Law =====
-(OUP)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act#endnote_FISA Example]
-</pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_US_Law Example Markup]
-=== Publication Date: ===
+* title (title number, for example "50" in "50 U.S.C. chapter 36."
-<pre>
+* chapter title (name, for example "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance" )
-&lt;span id="pubdate" class="productdetailbody"&gt;11/2001&lt;/span&gt;
+* chapter number
-(ABC-CLIO -- see table structure)
+* section, paragraph, subparagraph numbers (optionally)
+===== Conference presentations =====
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_R._Pillar#Conference_presentation_by_Pillar Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Conference_Presentation Example Markup]
-&lt;div id="pnlPubDate"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;Publication Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblPubDate"&gt;12/30/2005&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+* title
-(Greenwood, detail page)
+* location
+* date
+* author (implied - the page is about this person)
-&lt;span class="publicationDate"&gt; Feb 2005 &lt;/span&gt;
+===== Historical Sources =====
-(OUP)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Primary_sources Example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_Primary_Historical_Source Example Markup]
+* source / location
+* title
+* publisher
+* year
+* description
+* url
-&lt;li&gt;Published/Released:&lt;strong&gt; March 1973&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+===== U.S. Patent =====
-(Thomson Gale)
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_patents Example]
-</pre>
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wikipedia_U.S._Patent Example Markup]
-=== Volumes: ===
+* number
-<pre>
-&lt;td ... class="productdetailhead"&gt;&lt;span id="volumeslabel" class="productdetailhead"&gt;Volumes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-&lt;td ... class="productdetailbody"&gt;&lt;span id="volumes" class="productdetailbody"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
-</pre>
-=== ISBN: ===
+==== German Wikipedia ====
-<pre>
+* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Literatur citing styles]
-&lt;td class="productdetailhead" ...&gt;&lt;span id="ISBNLabel"&gt;ISBN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
-&lt;td class="productdetailbody"&gt;1-57607-785-3&lt;/td&gt;
-(ABC-CLIO)
+=== EPrints.org ===
-&lt;div class="isbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/div&gt;
+[http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/ example]
-(Greenwood, homepage)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#EPrints.org_generated_output example markup]
-&lt;div id="pnlIsbn"&gt; &lt;span class="book_options"&gt;ISBN:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span id="lblIsbn"&gt;0-313-32847-1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
+Based on [http://dublincore.org/documents/dcq-html/ Expressing Dublin Core in HTML/XHTML meta and link elements] and [http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2731.txt rfc2731], Eprints.org uses the following Dublin Core terms in meta tags in the HTML HEAD of each paper's page:
-(Greenwood, product page)
+* title
+* creator (author)
+* description (abstract)
+* date
+* type
+* identifier (a url)
+* format
+** a strange syntax for the meta content:"pdf http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12070/01/Alani-final.pdf"" for the format term...
+* fulltext
+** this is in a rel-alternate link element. The class is 'fulltext', and the href is the same link as in format, only a valid URL this time.
-&lt;td width="35%"&gt;&lt;font id="title_catalogue_title_font"&gt;ISBN Number&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+In the body of the page, they use the following classes, now no longer DC terms:
-&lt;td width="65%"&gt;&lt;font id="text"&gt;9812102108&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+*  title
-(Marshall Cavendish)
+* authors (a flat list with abbreviated names)
+* year
+* conference
+* conference location
+=== Wolfram Mathworld ===
-&lt;span class="isbnNumber"&gt;0195162471&lt;/span&gt;
+[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Quasi-MonteCarloMethod.html example]
-(OUP)
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Wolfram_Mathworld example markup]
+A book. First citation from the page on "Quasi-Monte Carlo Method". Has very little markup.
-&lt;li&gt;ISBN: &lt;strong&gt;0-8103-0100-8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+* authors
-(Thomson Gale)
+* title
-</pre>
+* publisher (name and location)
+* date (just year)
-=== Book Edition: ===
+===LibraryThing===
-<pre>
+*[http://www.librarything.com/] (on-line book cataloguing and reviews
-&lt;div class="edition"&gt; Revised and Expanded Edition &lt;/div&gt;
+**e.g. [http://www.librarything.com/catalog.php?view=trealawboy]
-(OUP)
-</pre>
-Added by [[User:Tim White|Tim]]
-== RFC vCard Example ==
+=== Self-Citation Example ===
-<pre><nowiki>
+[http://cbio.mskcc.org/~hoffmann/lifecycles/olv/index.html One example] of an article that includes a statement "please cite as" (a self-description):
-.  References
+* title
+* author
+* periodical (journal) title
+* volume
+* issue
+* pages
+* year
-   [ISO 8601]    ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats -
+=== Citation of an Online Resource ===
-                 Information interchange - Representation of dates and
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Citation_of_an_Online_Resource example markup]
-                 times - The International Organization for
-                 Standardization, June, 1988.
-   [ISO 8601 TC] ISO 8601, Technical Corrigendum 1 - Data elements and
+At University of Michigan's [http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/facment_biblio.html  Center for Research on Learning and Teaching] you see citations like this:
-                 interchange formats - Information interchange -
-                 Representation of dates and times - The International
-                 Organization for Standardization, May, 1991.
-   [ISO 9070]    ISO 9070, Information Processing - SGML support
+Chief Academic Officers of the Big 12 Universities (2000). Big 12 Faculty Fellowship Program. Retrieved December 20, 2000 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.k-state.edu/provost/academic/big12/big12guide.htm.
-                 facilities - Registration Procedures for Public Text
-                 Owner Identifiers, April, 1991.
-   [CCITT E.163] Recommendation E.163 - Numbering Plan for The
+* title
-                 International Telephone Service, CCITT Blue Book,
+* publication year
-                 Fascicle II.2, pp.  128-134, November, 1988.
+* department/author
+* retrieval date
+* URL
-   [CCITT X.121] Recommendation X.121 - International Numbering Plan for
-                 Public Data Networks, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3,
-                 pp. 317-332, November, 1988.
-   [CCITT X.520] Recommendation X.520 - The Directory - Selected
+[http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_2/tulloch/index.html "Many, Many Maps," ''First Monday''] contains citations to online resources like this:
-                 Attribute Types, November 1988.
-   [CCITT X.521] Recommendation X.521 - The Directory - Selected Object
+E.S. Raymond, 2000. “The Cathedral and the Bazaar,” version 3.0, at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar, accessed 18 October 2006.
-                 Classes, November 1988.
-   [MIME-DIR]    Howes, T., Smith, M., and F. Dawson, "A MIME Content-
+* author
-                 Type for Directory Information", RFC 2425, September
+* publication year
-.
+* web page title
+* URL
+* accessed date
-   [RFC 1738]    Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill,
-                 "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December
-.
-   [RFC 1766]    Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
+[http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/44 "The Role of Technology in World History Teaching" by T. Mills Kelly] uses the following citation format for online resources:
-                 Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.
-   [RFC 1872]    Levinson, E., "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-
+''Hitler Historical Museum'', http://www.hitler.org/. Accessed March 21, 2006.
-                 type", RFC 1872, December 1995.
-   [RFC 2045]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
+* title
-                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet
+* URL
-                 Message Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+* accessed date
-   [RFC 2046]    Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet
+=== OCLC WorldCat Online ===
-                 Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC
-, November 1996.
-   [RFC 2047]    Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
+==== Book ====
-                 (MIME) - Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
+[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41238513 example] [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Book example-makrup]
-                 Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.
-   [RFC 2048]    Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
+* title
-                 Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four:
+* type (book)
-                 Registration Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.
+* publisher name
+* publisher location
-   [RFC 2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+* copyright date
-                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+* isbn
+* oclc number
-   [RFC 2234]    Crocker, D., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
+* subjects
-                 Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
+* author
+* z39.88 (COinS)
-   [UNICODE]     "The Unicode Standard - Version 2.0", The Unicode
-                 Consortium, July 1996.
-   [VCARD]       Internet Mail Consortium, "vCard - The Electronic
-                 Business Card Version 2.1",
-                 http://www.imc.org/pdi/vcard-21.txt, September 18,
-.
-</nowiki></pre>
-[http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2426.html vCard RFC]
-== W3C XHTML Spec Example ==
-<pre><nowiki>
-<h1><a name="refs" id="refs">E.</a> References</h1>
-<p><strong>This appendix is informative.</strong></p>
-<dl>
-<dt><a name="ref-css2" id="ref-css2"><strong>[CSS2]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 (CSS2) Specification</a></cite>", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I. Jacobs, 12 May 1998.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-dom" id="ref-dom"><strong>[DOM]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-DOM-Level-1-19981001">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></cite>", Lauren Wood <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et al.</em>, 1 October
-.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-dom2" id="ref-dom2"><strong>[DOM2]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification</a></cite>", A. Le&#160;Hors, <em lang="lt" xml:lang="lt">et
-al.</em>, 13 November 2000.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-html4" id="ref-html4"><strong>[HTML]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224">HTML 4.01 Specification</a></cite>", D. Raggett, A. Le&#160;Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December 1999.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-posix.1" id="ref-posix.1"><strong>[POSIX.1]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]</cite>", Institute of Electrical
-and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990.</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc2045" name="ref-rfc2045"><strong>[RFC2045]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November
-. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2046" id="ref-rfc2046"><strong>[RFC2046]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996.<br />
-Available at <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</a>. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590.</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2119" id="ref-rfc2119"><strong>[RFC2119]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>", S. Bradner, March 1997.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2376" id="ref-rfc2376"><strong>[RFC2376]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt">RFC2376: XML Media Types</a></cite>", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July 1998.<br />
-This document is obsoleted by [<a href="#ref-rfc3023">RFC3023</a>].<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2396" id="ref-rfc2396"><strong>[RFC2396]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</a></cite>", T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter, August 1998.<br />
-This document updates RFC1738 and RFC1808.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc2854" id="ref-rfc2854"><strong>[RFC2854]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt">RFC2854: The text/html Media Type</a></cite>", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June 2000.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt</dd>
-<dt><a name="ref-rfc3023" id="ref-rfc3023"><strong>[RFC3023]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt">RFC3023: XML Media Types</a></cite>", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January 2001.<br />
-This document obsoletes [<a href="#ref-rfc2376">RFC2376</a>].<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc3066" name="ref-rfc3066"><strong>[RFC3066]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt">Tags for the Identification of Languages</a>", H. Alvestrand, January 2001.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-rfc3236" name="ref-rfc3236"><strong>[RFC3236]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt">The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media Type</a>", M. Baker, P. Stark, January 2002.<br />
-Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtml-mathml" name="ref-xhtml-mathml"><strong>[XHTML+MathML]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd><cite>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd">XHTML plus Math 1.1 <abbr title="Document Type Definition">DTD</abbr></a></cite>", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical
-Markup Language (MathML) Version 2.0. Available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmime" name="ref-xhtmlmime"><strong>[XHTMLMIME]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801">XHTML Media Types</a></cite>", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August 2002.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types</dd>
-<dt><a id="ref-xhtmlmod" name="ref-xhtmlmod"><strong>[XHTMLMOD]</strong></a></dt>
-<dd>"<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410">Modularization of XHTML</a></cite>", M. Altheim et al., 10 April 2001.<br />
+==== Journal ====
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization</dd>
+[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4538259 example]
+[http://microformats.org/wiki/citation-examples-markup#Journal example-makrup]
-<dt><a name="ref-xml" id="ref-xml"><strong>[XML]</strong></a></dt>
+* title
+* type (journal)
+* publisher
+* issn
+* oclc number
+* subjects
+* z39.88 (COinS)
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Specification (Second Edition)</a>", T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October
+====West Midland Bird Club====
-.<br />
+Uses OpenCOinS
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</dd>
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/warwks.htm Bibliography page]
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/archive/reports1970s.htm Annual Reports]
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/birdnotes/23-5-172.htm 'Bird Notes' article reproduction]
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/73-478.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction]
+* [http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/40-184.htm 'British Birds' article reproduction with additional citation]
+*[http://www.westmidlandbirdclub.com/biblio/bb/index.htm List of 'British Birds' articles]
-<dt><a name="ref-xmlns" id="ref-xmlns"><strong>[XMLNS]</strong></a></dt>
+Features include:
+*title
+*author
+*date
+*price (historic, at time of publication)
+*format
+*publisher
+*number of pages
+*ISBN/ ISSN
+*product dimensions
+*page numbers of article
+*image(s)
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114">Namespaces in XML</a>", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January 1999.<br />
+====Amazon====
-XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents by associating them with namespaces identified by URI.<br />
+Product listings, e.g.
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names</dd>
+[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590596145/ref=pd_qpt_gw_1/026-5782158-8338825]
+*title
+*author
+*price
+*format
+*publisher
+*number of pages
+*language
+*ISBN
+*product dimensions
+*shipping weighta
+*average customer review
+*image
+*Amazon.com Sales Rank
-<dt><a name="ref-xmlc14n" id="ref-xmlc14n"><strong>[XMLC14N]</strong></a></dt>
+====ABE====
+Product listings, e.g. [http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=637112345&searchurl=sts%3Dt%26an%3Dmabbett%26y%3D0%26x%3D0]
+*title
+*author
+*ISBN
+*publisher
+*publication date
+*country
+*edition
+*condition
+*whether signed
+*format/binding
+*number of pages
+*bookseller
+*inventory number
+*price
+*shipping costs
+*quantity
-<dd>"<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315">Canonical XML Version 1.0</a>", J. Boyer, 15 March 2001.<br />
+===Open URL===
-This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical form, of an XML document.<br />
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n">Latest version</a> available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n</dd>
-</dl>
-</nowiki></pre>
-[http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#refs XHTML1.0 Spec references]
-== CiteProc XHTML Output ==
+* See [[OpenURL_1.0_%28Z39.88%29|OpenURL]]
-The XHTML output for CiteProc[http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html] wasn't designed per se as a microformat, but is probably not a bad place to start. It is desgined to handle a wide range of content. Here is the APA output:
+===Upcoming===
+====Open Library====
-<pre><nowiki>
+*[http://www.openlibrary.org/ Open Library]
- <div id="bibliography">
+**<blockquote>There are data fields for every possible bit of information that could exist about each published work.</blockquote> - [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6924022.stm BBC news story 2007-07-31]
-   <h3>References</h3>
-   <p id="Brenner2000a" class="bibref">
-    <span class="creator">Brenner, N.</span>
-    <span class="date"> (<span class="year">2000</span>) </span>
-    <span class="title">The Urban Question as a Scale Question: Reflections
-    on Henri Lefebre, Urban Theory and the Politics of Scale, </span>
-    <span class="container">
-      <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">International Journal of
-        Urban and Regional Research, </span>
-      <span class="volume">24</span>
-      <span class="issue">(2)</span>
-      <span class="locator">, pp. 361–78</span>
-      </span>.
-    </p>
-   <p id="NW2000-0207" class="bibref">
-     <span class="creator">Newsweek</span>
-     <span class="date">
-       (<span class="year">2000a</span>
-       <span class="month">, February</span>
-       <span class="day"> 7</span>)
-     </span>
-     <span class="title">The Grandmas Pay a Visit, </span>
-     <span class="container">
-       <span class="volume">135</span>
-       <span class="issue">(6)</span>
-       <span class="locator">, pp. 45</span>
-     </span>.
-   </p>
-   <p id="Veer1996a" class="bibref">
-     <span class="creator">van der Veer, P.</span>
-     <span class="date"><span class="year"> (1996) </span></span>
-     <span class="title">Riots and Rituals: The Construction of Violence
-       and Public Space in Hindu Nationalism</span>
-     <span class="container">, In Brass, P.<span class="role"> (Ed.)</span>.
-       <span class="title" style="font-style: italic">Riots and Pogroms.</span>
-       <span class="origin"><span class="place">New York</span>
-       <span class="publisher">: NYU Press</span></span>
-       <span class="locator">, pp. 154–76</span>
-     </span>.
-   </p>
- </div>
-</nowiki></pre>
-== ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples ==
-The [http://www.acm.org/dl/ ACM Digital Library] is a heavily used computer science literature database.
-First, the markup for one entry from the table of contents page for the ACM TACO (Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization) journal:
-<pre>
-<nowiki>
-<td align="left" class="small-text">
-<a href="citation.cfm?id=1113841.1113842&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=1113841&part=periodical&WantType=periodical&title=ACM%20Transactions%20on%20Architecture%20and%20Code%20Optimization%20%28TACO%29&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650"class="medium-text" target="_self">
-<strong>Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization </strong>
-</a>
-<br>
- Wankang Zhao, David Whalley, Christopher Healy, Frank Mueller
-<br>
-<small> Pages: 335 - 365</small>
-<br>Full text available:&nbsp;<A HREF="ft_gateway.cfm?id=1113842&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650" target="_blank"><img src="images/pdf_logo.gif" ... height="16" hspace="1" alt="pdf format" border="0" align="texttop">Pdf</A>(510&nbsp;KB)
-<div class="smaller-text"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellpadding="0"><tr valign="top"><td class="smaller-text" nowrap>Additional Information:</td>
-<td class="smaller-text"><img src="img/doc_blank.gif" ... height="16" alt="" border="0" align="texttop">
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=cit&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#CIT" target="_self">full citation</a>,
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=abstract&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#abstract" target="_self">abstract</A>,
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=references&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#references" target="_self"> references</A>,
-<A HREF="citation.cfm?id=1113842&jmp=indexterms&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFID=68451946&CFTOKEN=20517650#indexterms" target="_self"> index terms</A></td></tr></table></div></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-The markup for the 'full citation' page is similar, with a little more information about the authors.
-Here's the markup from the 'ACM Ref' link, which apparently is how they suggest you format it:
-<pre>
-<nowiki>
-Zhao, W., Whalley, D., Healy, C., and Mueller, F. 2005.
-Improving WCET by applying a WC code-positioning optimization.
-<i>ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.</i> 2, 4 (Dec. 2005), 335-365.
-DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1113841.1113842
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup ==
-<pre><nowiki>
-<td width="96%" class="bodyCopyBlackLargeSpaced" valign="middle">
-<strong>On the parallel execution time of tiled loops</strong><br>
-Hogstedt, K.; Carter, L.; Ferrante, J.<br>
-<A href='/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=71'>Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on</A><br>
-Volume: 14
-&nbsp;Issue: 3
-&nbsp;March 2003 <br />
-Page(s):  307- 321<br>
-Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPDS.2003.1189587<br>
-<div id="menu0" style="display:block"><strong>Summary:&nbsp;</strong> Many
-computationally-intensive programs, such as those for differential equations, spatial
-interpolation, and dynamic programming, spend a large portion of their execution time in
-multiply-nested loops that have a regular stencil of data dependences.....</div>
-</td>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== CiteSeer database search results ==
-The [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu CiteSeer] database has been another heavily used Computer Science online resource, and it has minimal markup:
-Here's what you see on the main page for a given paper - this information is duplicated everywhere on the page, but this is where it's formatted most like an academic citation:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<font size=-1>Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
-Automated support for program refactoring using invariants. In ICSM, pages 736-- 743,
-November 2001. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/kataoka01automated.html &nbsp;
-<a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/check/1791139">More</a></font><br>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-Clicking on the 'More' link in the above text gets you a page with a listing of all the ways they found it written out as a citation in other papers. This is an example of how they mark up each of those entries:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<br>
-Yoshio Kataoka, Michael D. Ernst, William G. Griswold, and David Notkin.
-<i>Automated support for program refactoring using invariants</i>.
- In ICSM, pages 736-- 743, November 2001.<br>
-<br>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== CiteULike.org citation listing ==
-[http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] is a shared reference database site that allows organization using tags and ratings. The site imports from many unstructured web resources using mostly screen-scraping plugins (I think --Mike)
-Here is an example of the markup for one article on the main page:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<tr>
-  <td...>
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        <a class="title" href="/user/jrw/article/505272">Geometric phases in adiabatic open quantum systems</a>
-        <div class="vague"></div>
-        <div class="vague">by<a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Sarandy">Sarandy</a> MS,
-          <a class="author" href="/user/jrw/author/Lidar">Lidar</a> DA</div>
-        <div class="vague">
-          posted to <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/geometry">geometry</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/physics">physics</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum">quantum</a>
-          <a class="tag" rel="tag" href="/user/jrw/tag/quantum-information">quantum-information</a>
-          by <a href="/user/jrw">jrw</a>
-          as <img alt="x"src="http://static.citeulike.org/img/star2.png" />
-          on&nbsp;2006-02-14 18:36:22
-        </div>
-      </li>
-    </ul>
-  </td>
-</tr>
-</nowiki></pre>
-And here is markup from the detail page for another publication:
-<pre><nowiki>
-<div class="content">
-<table...>
-  <tr>
-    <td...><h1>T-Coffee: A novel method for fast and accurate multiple sequence alignment.</h1></td>
-  <td>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-<div class="vague"><i>J Mol Biol</i>, Vol. 302, No. 1. (8 September 2000), pp. 205-217.</div>
-<br>
-<h2>Authors</h2>
-<ul>
-  <li>
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Notredame">Notredame</a> C</span>,
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Higgins">Higgins</a> DG</span>,
-    <span class="black"><a class="author" href="/user/ffranca/author/Heringa">Heringa</a> J</span>
-  </li>
-</ul>
-..
-<table...>
-  <tr>
-    <td ...>
-      <h2>Online Article
-        <span class="Z3988"
-          title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/citeulike.org/citeulike&amp;rft.aufirst=&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10%2e1006%2fjmbi%2e2000%2e4042&amp;rft.spage=205&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.aulast=Notredame&amp;rft.title=J+Mol+Biol&amp;rft.epage=217&amp;rft.issn=0022%2d2836&amp;rft.volume=302&amp;rft.auinit=C&amp;rft.atitle=T%2dCoffee%3a+A+novel+method+for+fast+and+accurate+multiple+sequence+alignment%2e&amp;date=2000-9-8&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;genre=article">
-        </span>
-      </h2>
-    </td>
-  </div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td ...>
-    <ul>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">DOI:</span>
-        <a accesskey="1" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.2000.4042" rel="nofollow">View article online</a>
-      </li>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">Pubmed:</span>
-        <a accesskey="2"
-          href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
-            View article online</a>
-      </li>
-      <li>
-        <span class="black">Hubmed:</span>
-        <a accesskey="3" href="http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=10964570" rel="nofollow">
-          View article online</a>
-      </li>
-    </ul>
-  </td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== Amazon.com citation info ==
-This is from a detail page on Amazon.com for a book.
-<pre><nowiki>
-<a name='citing' ></a><b>This book cites 10 books:</b><br />
-<ul...>
-  <li>
-    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1555424236/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance">
-      The New Faculty Member: Supporting and Fostering Professional Development (Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series)
-    </a>
-    by Robert Boice on
-    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S04X&checkSum=vptuDOjULIOadVNe9UFX36fnIKktwxxQOeBmFQupyrA%3D">page 156</a>, and <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S088&checkSum=vptuDOjULINm2bvcL37hZR%2BcnJi%2F9hhUyu1%2FlXWnOM8%3D">
-      page 275
-    </a>
-  </li>
-  <li>
-    <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0137947364/ref=sid_dp_dp/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance" >Science, Technology and Society</a>
-    by Robert E. McGinn on
-    <a href="/gp/reader/0780311361/ref=sib_ab_dp_pg/002-6751255-9290456?%5Fencoding=UTF8&p=S023&checkSum=vptuDOjULIMgFwAeeT8gWiDHmklkxfy%2BGug%2BAS7UI2Y%3D">page 54</a></li><li>
-</nowiki>
-</pre>
-== PubMed Medical Journal Example ==
-Still another example of markup in the wild, coming from a search for "pancreas" in the New England Journal of Medicine from pubmed.org.
-Note the title attribute with the expanded version of the canonical abbreviation for the journal.
-<pre><nowiki>
-<tr>
-<td ...>
-<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15371579&itool=iconnoabstr&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum">
-    <img alt="No abstract" id="No abstract_15371579" ... Title="No abstract">
-</a>
-</td>
-<td ...>Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.<br>
-<font size="-1">
-<span title="The New England journal of medicine.">N Engl J Med.</span> 2004 Sep 16;351(12):1218-26. Review. No abstract available. <br>
-PMID: 15371579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-</font>
-</td>
-</nowiki></pre>
+== External Lists of Citation Examples ==
+* http://www.tjameswhite.com/citation-examples.htm
 == Implied schema ==
+=== List of all properties ===
+This are a summation of all the properties in the examples, I have tried to logically group them together.
-Many of the examples have simple citations in &lt;p&gt;, &lt;div&gt;, &lt;td&gt; etc with no further coding; i.e. &lt;td&gt;Book Title. Author. Publisher, date.&lt;/td&gt;
+* title
+* subtitle
+* author
+* editor
+* translator
+* image
+* date (issued, copyrighted, accessed)
+* language
+* description/Summary/abstract
+* excerpt
+* index terms
+* categories (keywords, tags, labels, etc.)
-The following lists the most common markup:
+RELATIONS
+* container (publication; periodicals, books, etc.)
+* collection (series and so forth)
+* event (conference, etc.)
+* original (for republished material)
-=== Book Titles: ===
+LOCATION INFORMATION
+* pages
+* volume
+* series title
+* Series
+* edition
+* issue
+* publication
+* journal
+* part (1 of X)
-*id="title"
+PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
-*class="producttitle"
+* Specifications (dimentions/weight)
-*class="title"
+* Format/type (book, newspaper, proceedings)
-*id="lblTitle"
-*h1
-*h2
-*&lt;dt&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
-*&lt;cite&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;
-*&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
-*&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
-=== Book Series: ===
+IDENTIFIERS
+* ISBN
+* LC Card Number
+* LCC Class
+* Dewey Class
+* URL
+* RFC ID
+* ISO/IEC ID
+* DOI
+* PubMedID
-*id="serieslbl"
+PUBLISHER
-*class="productsubtitle"
+* publisher
-=== Sub-titles: ===
-*id="subtitle"
+These are sort of left overs, the are not really about citations, but more about commerce or other things. If they are important we can move them to the above list.
-*class="productsubtitle"
+* refID (HTML @ID)
-*class="sub_title"
+* Reviewed (BOOLEAN YES/NO)
-*id="lblSubTitle"
+* Availability
-*class="book_subline"
+* Price
-*class="subTitle"
+* Shipping Weight
+* related
+* Product number (internal system code)
+* BookCode (internal system code)
+* AuthorsNote
+* Additional Information
+* Target Audience
-=== Author: ===
+=== Analysis of Examples ===
+With exception of just a few properties, all of the above appeared in atleast two different examples. The following properties were very common in most the example formats:
+* title
+* subtitle
+* author
+* publication date
+* description
+* pages
+* ISBN
+* publisher
-*id="credit"
+== Styles ==
-*class="productauthor"
+'''This section should be moved and incorporated into [[citation-formats]]'''.
-*class="author"
-*Authors (table cell)
-*class="byline"
-*class="creator"
-*class="role"
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
-*&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
-=== Publication Date: ===
-*id="pubdate"
-*Publication Date: (table cell)
-*id="pnlPubDate"
-*Publication Date:
-*class="publicationdate"
-*Published/Released:
-*class="date" w/ class="year", class="month", class="day"
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
-=== Publisher: ===
-*class="publisher"
-*class="origin" (publication location)
-=== Volumes: ===
-*class="volume"
-=== Issue Number: ===
-*class="issue"
-=== Page Numbers: ===
-*class="locator" (inclusive page numbers)
-=== ISBN: ===
-*class="isbn"
-*id="pnlIsbn"
-*id="lblIsbn"
-*class="isbnNumber"
-=== Book Edition: ===
-*class="edition"
-*Inside &lt;dd&gt;&lt;/dd&gt; with other elements
-== Citeproc XHTML output ==
-I'm the author of the [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/citeproc.html citeproc] project, which includes a micro-format of sorts (though I never thought of it as such) in its XHTML output mode.  See [http://xbiblio.sourceforge.net/examples/apa-en.html here] for an example.  The difference compared to the bibtex-derived model is that is a) more generic and b) hierachical.
-It would be possible, certainly, to do a flat model if for some reason there was a good technical reason not to go hierarchical (though is there?)
-'''The burden of proof is on *going* hierarchical, rather than a simpler flat solution.  Complexity must be justified, not simplicity.'''
-... but then you need to think outside the BibTeX box in any case. Any model of this sort ought to be able to handle legal citations, magazine articles, patents, etc. etc.; not just a narrow range of BibTeX types.
-'''Per the microformats [[process]], microformats are designed to support existing practice on the Web, anything else should be omitted from at least the first version.'''
-== Styles ==
 This does NOT define a format, but instead shows how the format should be displayed. This is something out of the direct scope of this project. CSS styles will handle the look-and-feel of the text, and the author can put it in any order they choose. These links are mentioned for two reasons, one is informative, the other is so we know at least meet the minimum properties that are used in the styles.
 * [http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citmla.htm MLA Style]
 * [http://www.bu.edu/library/guides/citation.html Chicago, MLA, and APA styles]
+* [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/citation_styles.htm Writer's Workshop citation style page] (detailed citation style info)
 * [http://www.legalbluebook.com/ Blue Book] for legal citations
-* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html Columbia University Citation Style] developed for modern internet citations
+* [http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/mla-apa-chicago-cse The Ultimate Style Guide Resources for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE]
+==Other examples==
+*[[citations_in_the_wild]]
+*[[blog-quote-examples]]
+==See also==
+{{citation-related-pages}}

citation-examples: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:21, 18 July 2020

Citation Mark Up in the Wild

ABC-CLIO Product detail page

ACM Digital Library Search Result Examples

Amazon.com citation info

CiteSeer database search results

CiteULike.org citation listing

CiteProc XHTML Output

Google Cache

Greenwood Press featured book

Greenwood Press product detail page

IEEE IEEExplore Search Results Markup

Marshall Cavendish product page

Ning

Oxford University Press (USA) home page

Oxford University Press (USA) product detail page

Thomson Gale product detail page

RFC vCard Example

University of Virginia

W3C XHTML Spec Example

PubMed Medical Journal Example

BibDesk Default Template

Wikipedia

English Wikipedia

Original Markup

Book

Book Infobox

Journal Articles

Court cases

U.S. Law

Conference presentations

Historical Sources

U.S. Patent

German Wikipedia

EPrints.org

Wolfram Mathworld

LibraryThing

Self-Citation Example

Citation of an Online Resource

OCLC WorldCat Online

Book

Journal

West Midland Bird Club

Amazon

ABE

Open URL

Upcoming

Open Library

External Lists of Citation Examples

Implied schema

List of all properties

Analysis of Examples

Styles

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